Los Cristeros…y la Revolución

Mexicana

Prologue to La Cristiada:For Greater Glory

1910 – 1921 Nationwide; fighting particularly in west-central

and northern Mexico Heroes or villains?: Pancho Villa (north);

Emiliano Zapata (south) Instability and assassinations: 6 presidents in

10 years Motives: land ownership; labor laws; people

tired of Porfiriato (30-year dictatorship of Porfirio Díaz).

Approx. 1 million refugees / emigrate to U.S. Real reform?

The Mexican Revolution

http://www.cristiadapelicula.com/#castcrew

Revolución y los Cristeros:¿quiénes eran?

Cristero Rebellion / La Cristiada

Los Cristeros Francisco I. MaderoEmiliano Zapata Constitución de 1917Pancho (Francisco) Villa ¡Viva Cristo Rey!

Plutarco Elías CallesBlessed (Padre) Miguel Pro Ley de Calles (Calles Law)José Luis Sánchez del RioGeneral Enrique Gorostieta ¡Viva Cristo Rey!

Christ the King Monument (in Guanajuato, México)http://www.traditioninaction.org/History/B_010_Cabalgata.html

Pancho Villa(norte de México)

Revolucionarios:

Emiliano Zapata (sur de México)

Padre Magallanes (1928)

Anacleto González Flores, mártir (1927)

Los Cristeros:

Los Cristeros:

Role of women

The Feminine Brigades of Saint Joan of Arc

José Luis Sánchez del Río (1928)

Padre Miguel Agustín Pro (1927)

MÁRTIRES:

Plutarco Elías CALLES

(presidente de México, 1924-1928)

“Ley de Calles”Artículos de la Constitución de 1917

Cristero War: timeline

Mexican Revolution (Civil War): 1910--1921Constitution of 1917

Anti-clerical (against the Church and clergy) articles

1926: “Calles Law”Peaceful protest and boycotts by

Catholic groups (National League for the Defense of Religious Liberty)

Calles outraged; ordered further persecution

Cristero uprising: West-central Mexico: (Zacatecas, Jalisco, Guanajuato, Durango, Michoacán, and Colima)

Cristero War: overview

From:1927-1929 La Cristiada ASU Hispanic Research Center (Arizona State University)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k3TXpKfqeho&feature=youtu.be

La Crítica…Criticism… (continued)

Criticism…

Miss México, 2007Rosa María Ojedahttp://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/people/2007-

04-17-miss-mexico_n.htm

Was the CRISTERO WAR a ‘just’ war? The most authoritative and up-to-date

expression of just war doctrine is found in paragraph 2309 of the Catechism of the Catholic Church. It says:

The strict conditions for legitimate defense by military force require rigorous consideration. The gravity of such a decision makes it subject to rigorous conditions of moral legitimacy. At one and the same time: the damage inflicted by the aggressor on the nation or community of nations must be lasting, grave, and certain;

(cont…)

The Church: JUST WAR DOCTRINE

all other means of putting an end to it must have been

shown to be impractical or ineffective; there must be serious prospects of success; the use of arms must not produce evils and disorders

graver than the evil to be eliminated. The power of modern means of destruction weighs very heavily in evaluating this condition.

These are the traditional elements enumerated in what is called the "just war" doctrine. The evaluation of these conditions for moral legitimacy belongs to the prudential judgment of those who have responsibility for the common good.

JUST WAR continued…