Lipidos

Los lípidos son compuestos solubles en solventes no polares y tienen una gran variedad de estructurasy funciones

Fatty Acids Are Carboxylic Acid with Hydrocarbon Chains

Triacilgliceridos

CH2 OH

CH OH

CH2 OH

R1 C OH

O

R2 C OH

O

R3 C OH

O

CH2 O

CH O

CH2 O

C

C

C

O

O

O

R1

R2

R3

glycerol Ácido graso Un triacilgliceridoUna grasa o un aceite

Grasas son triacilgliceridos de estado sólido o semisólidoa temperatura ambiente

Los aceites a temperatura ambiente son líquidos

Oxidation of Polyunsaturated Fats and Oils by O2

Fosfoacilgliceroles

El grupo OH terminal del glicerol es esterificado con acido fosfórico

Son los componentes mayoritaros de las membranas celulares

Fosfoacilgliceroles son clasificados como fosfolípidos

Phosphoacylglycerols form membranes by arrangingthemselves into a lipid bilayer

Saturated fatty acids decrease membrane fluidity because their hydrocarbon chains can pack closelytogether

Unsaturated fatty acids have the opposite effect

EsfingolípidosEllos contienen esfingosina en vez de glicerol

Se encuentran en membranas

• Prostaglandins are synthesized from arachidonic acid

• They are responsible for regulating a variety of physiological responses

Prostaglandinas

COOHH

H

Esqueleto de prostaglandina

• Name in the format PGX, with X designating the functional groups of the five-membered ring

COOHH

H

O

HO OH

H

H

O

HO OH

COOH

H

HHO OH

COOH

HOPGE1 PGE2

PGF2n

Naming Prostaglandins

• Terpenes contain carbon atoms in multiples of five

• They are made by joining together 5-carbon isoprene units

Terpenes

• Oxygen-containing terpenes are sometimes called terpenoids

The Isoprene Rule

Squalene, a triterpene, is a precursor of steroid molecules

Lycopene and -carotene are tetraterpenes calledcarotenoids

Cholesterol Is a Steroid