Post on 30-May-2018
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International Assessment of Agricultural Science andTechnology for Development
Bob Watson, Director Janice JigginsRajeswari RainaMichael Appleby
LondonApril 15, 2008
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What is it ?
Assessment of the impacts of AKST on the followingdevelopment goals: past, present and future
Reducing Hunger and Poverty
Improving Rural Livelihoods
Improving Nutrition and Human Health
Facilitating Environmentally, Socially, Equitable andEconomically Sustainable Development
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Global Context
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The IAASTD - A Unique Process
IGO Process with multi-stakeholder bureau comprisinggovernment and civil society
Co-Sponsors: FAO, GEF, UNDP, UNEP, UNESCO, World Bank and WHO
Multi-thematic focus
Multi-spatial: Global and five sub-Global assessments
Multi-temporal: historical-to-2050
400 experts. Peer review by governments and experts
Approved by over 60 governments
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Recent Situation
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So What’s the Problem ?
People have benefited unevenly from these yield increases across regions,in part because of different institutional and policy environments
This productivity increase has come at a cost: environmental sustainability
– soils, water, biodiversity, climate change
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Future ChallengesDemand for food will double within the next 25-50 years,primarily in developing countries
We need sustained growth in the agricultural sector
to feed the worldto enhance rural livelihoodsto stimulate economic growth
Meet food safety standards
In an environmentally and socially sustainable manner
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With Continuing Limitations
Less labor
Less water
Less arable land
Increasing land policy conflicts
Loss of biodiversity: genetic, species and ecosystem
Increasing levels of pollution
Changing climate
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The inescapable interconnectedness of agriculture’s different roles and functions
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Pathway to the current conception of modern agriculture
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A critical challenge - WaterProportion of water withdrawal for agriculture 2001
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Projected change in available waterChanges in available water
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Projected impacts of climate change
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Perturbation of the Nitrogen Cycle
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Human Health
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Knowledge, Science and TechnologyMany technologies already exist
Need for appropriate and complementary integration of local andtraditional knowledge with formal AKST
However some challenges will primarily depend on
development of new and emerging AKST – e.g. Biotechnology
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Bioenergy
Environmental, social and economic sustainabilityare key challenges
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A major challenge: The small scale farmerPro-poor progress requires:
creating opportunities for innovation and entrepreneurship
which targets this groupIncreased public research and extension investment
Small scale farm sustainability – poses difficult policy choices
Payment for ecological services
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The percentage of agricultural work carried out by women
compared with the percentage of female extension staff inselected African countries
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Trade issues
Opening national agricultural markets to internationalcompetition can offer economic benefits, but can leadto long term negative effects on poverty alleviation,
food security and the environment without basicnational institutions and infrastructure being in place
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AKST Investments
Shifts in funding levels and sources for agriculture
Public sector research funding, especially that relevant to developing
countries has been irregular and has not increased with time
Private sector funding growing, but the focus is primarily on OECD markets
Targeted investments in S&T can yield enormous benefits –but are thecurrent public and private sector research activities adequate and effective?
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Public and private agricultural R&D spendingby region - 2000
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Immediate/Short TermSuggestions for Decision Makers
Increase AKST focus on drylands, fisheries, Mountain and Coastalecosystems, orphan crops, crop-livestock systems,
and climate change impacts
Increase national public investment and regional co-operation in AKST
Build rural safety nets and non-farm rural employment
Enhance basic sciences, technological and institutional changes
to address water and land problems
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Medium/Long TermSuggestions for decision-makers
Improve public-private-CSO involvement in AKST with accountabilityfor social and environmental outcomes
Develop macro-level policy changes to enable AKST linkages withdevelopment goals
Shift focus from production technologies to understanding and enhancingthe production and adapting to environmental climate change impacts
Build and reform AKST skill base (basic sciences, social, political and legal
knowledge) and innovation capacities of rural communities and consumers