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INTEGRATEDINTEGRATED TERMTERM PROJECTPROJECT
SUBMITTED BYSUBMITTED BY
RAJAT NANDIRAJAT NANDIADITYA KUMARADITYA KUMAR
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UNINTERRUPTIBLEPOWER SUPPLY
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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
AnAn UPSUPS isis devicedevice whichwhich maintainsmaintains aa continuouscontinuous
supplysupply of of electricelectric powerpower toto connectedconnected
equipmentsequipments byby supplyingsupplying powerpower fromfrom aaseparateseparate sourcesource whenwhen utilityutility powerpower isis notnot
availableavailable..
ItIt providesprovides uninterrupteduninterrupted powerpower toto anan
equipmentequipment forfor 11 toto 2020 minutesminutes..
AlsoAlso knownknown asas emergencyemergency powerpower supplysupply..
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HISTORYHISTORY
The first UPS were of rotary design appearedThe first UPS were of rotary design appeared
during 1950s.during 1950s.
The modern UPS was patented by Hanan Zak &The modern UPS was patented by Hanan Zak &Alexander Zak in the mid nineties.Alexander Zak in the mid nineties.
Previously it was only used in defensePreviously it was only used in defense
equipments such as RADARS.equipments such as RADARS.
Earlier they were very expensive.Earlier they were very expensive.
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NEED FOR UPSNEED FOR UPS
Industry demands very sensitive power qualityIndustry demands very sensitive power quality
distribution.distribution.
Even small disturbances in power supply canEven small disturbances in power supply cancause serious problems such as corruption orcause serious problems such as corruption or
loss of data.loss of data.
Infrequent electricity can manifest into damagedInfrequent electricity can manifest into damaged
computer hardware as well as sporadic andcomputer hardware as well as sporadic and
unexplainable errors occurring on the software.unexplainable errors occurring on the software.
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Features of ideal UPSFeatures of ideal UPS
High efficiencyHigh efficiency
Low maintenanceLow maintenance
Low cost, weight & sizeLow cost, weight & size LowLowEMIEMI and acoustic noise.and acoustic noise.
Zero switching time from normal to backup.Zero switching time from normal to backup.
Electric isolation of the battery output and inputElectric isolation of the battery output and input
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Common power problemsCommon power problems
Power failurePower failure
Voltage sagVoltage sag
Voltage spikeVoltage spike
Under voltage( brown out)Under voltage( brown out)
Over voltageOver voltage
Line noiseLine noise
F
requency variationF
requency variation Switching transientSwitching transient
Harmonic distortionHarmonic distortion
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FUNCTIONS
Absorb relatively small power surges.
Smooth out noisy power sources.
Continue to provide power to
equipment during line sags.
Provide power for sometime after ablack-out has occurred.
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COMPONENTSCOMPONENTS
THE BATTERYTHE BATTERY: UPS needs lots of battery: UPS needs lots of battery
capacity. They use lead acid battery.capacity. They use lead acid battery.
POWER SUPPLYPOWER SUPPLY: UPS needs this to charge: UPS needs this to charge
its battery and run the inverter when the mainsits battery and run the inverter when the mains
havent failed.havent failed.
THE INVERTER:THE INVERTER: It is a device whichIt is a device which
converts DC to AC. UPS uses inverter to supplyconverts DC to AC. UPS uses inverter to supply
AC ower from the batteries when main owerAC ower from the batteries when main ower
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COMPONENTS contd.COMPONENTS contd.
THE CAPACITOR:THE CAPACITOR:
ItIt isis aa passivepassive electricalelectrical
componentcomponent thatthat cancan storestore energyenergy inin thethe electricelectric
fieldfield betweenbetween aa pairpair ofof conductorconductor.. UPSUPS cancan bebe
equippedequipped withwith maintenancemaintenance freefree capacitorscapacitors toto
extendextend serviceservice lifelife
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WORKING
STEPS:
Accepts AC input.
Rectifies AC to DC for passing
through the battery.
Then inverting DC back to AC forpowering the protected equipment
during power failure.
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WORKING contd.
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TYPES OF UPSTYPES OF UPS
1. Static UPS1. Static UPS::
OffOff--lineline
LineLine--interactiveinteractive OnlineOnline
2.2. Rotary UPSRotary UPS
3.3.Hybrid UPSHybrid UPS
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APPLICATIONAPPLICATION
In industries UPS provide redundantIn industries UPS provide redundantpower protection.power protection.
UPS is usedUPS is used
1.1. in defense equipmentsin defense equipments
2.2. In the hospitalsIn the hospitals
3.3. In air traffic control centersIn air traffic control centers
4.4. In research institutesIn research institutes
5.5. in nuclear power plantsin nuclear power plants
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POWER CONDITIONERSPOWER CONDITIONERS
OTH
ER TH
AN UPSOTH
ER TH
AN UPS
Isolation transformerIsolation transformer
AC voltage refulatorsAC voltage refulators Dual feeder with static transferDual feeder with static transfer
switchesswitches
Motor generator setsMotor generator sets
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Thank you!Thank you!