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]GJKEK KJKL[JLE 5>? DE\ PESJMKEKM\ KM DE DMGF]E
5' DMGF]E\ LIG H\JLE
Qigksmhi| de legljg |jg u}m di| m|{}kjeg{m| {mgfeg ellm|i e de dm{se z qsmf}g{esmhi|
|j neg lihqsmgkjki edfi' Egi{esmhi| mg de qjesse de| qedecse| u}m lsmmg necms ikiqese d}mfi lig`jshesdi' Km|q}|$ di| ed}hgi| {mgksg u}m smedjes de| |jf}jmg{m|
el{jpjkekm| lig de| dm{se| km de legljg?
(Jg{mg{e {sek}ljs di| {m~{i|$ m~lmq{i md u}m m|{ mg pe|li' Qese mddi `oe{m |j de| qedecse|
f}eskeg |mhmoege lig edfg {shjgi mg le|{mddegi' Gi {m qsmil}qm| |j gi msm| leqe km
mg{mgkms {iki| di| pilecdi|'
(De qedecse ddeskmsjpe kmd de{g desj|' U} |jfgj`jle9 Ligilm| i{se| qedecse| lig m|ehj|he se9
(M~qdjle e qes{js kmd momhqdi km legljg mg pe|li md nmlni km u}m gi |me }ge dmgf}e
siheglm'
Qesi}dm| k&ehis' Oieg Heg}md \msse{'
Mdde mh pe m|{jhes {eg{''' Oi hm d&m|{jhimglese'Qdmfe{| peh {sepm||es}ge qis{e {egleke'
Mdde$ lih }| ni qiks kjs$mse {i{ md hm} hg ddepis|u}eg mg de ddes lsmhpmhgih| qese}dm| k&ehis'''
Qese}dm| k&ehis |mgjddm| j {mgksm|'Gi mg |ecmh h|$ {mgmh u}jgm egz|'Gi nepmh {jgf}{ he||e {mhq| qmseqsmgksm&g${i{ o}|{ km|qms{pmh kmd |ig kmd| jg`eg{|'
Mg {mgmh qsi} ehc {sm| `se|m| `m{m|u}m nepmh eqs| k&eg{jl| lihmkjeg{|'
K&nj|{sjm| k&ehis$ |ihgj| km qim{m|$gi mg |ecmh h|$ {mgmh u}jgm egz|'''
Mdde hm u}j|i {eg{iZi eg |jfi mgehiseki'O}g{i| e{sepm|ehi|}ge q}ms{e lmsseke'
Mdde$ lhi i| kjse'''mse hj d} z hj seg$l}egki mg de d}hcsm eskeg|di qedecse| km ehis'''
Qedecse| km ehis |mgljdde| z {jmsge|'u}m mlnehi| ed p}mdi qis qsjhmse pm$eqmge| {}pjhi| {jmhqi km eqsmgkmsde|smljg km|qms{cehi| km de gjm'
Gi| ce|{eceg m|e| {sm| `se|m| nmlne|u}m mg{igece eu}md {se|gilneki fedgkm nj|{isje| km ehis$ |}mi| km qim{e|$e di| u}jglm ei| gi |m |ecmg h|'
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]GJKEK KJKL[JLE 5>? DE\ PESJMKEKM\ KM DE DMGF]E
Mdde u}j |eq ig |$mdde u}j |eq ig qese'De pejf qmsksm j hej h|nm {isge{ e {sices(de'
Qms |ipjg{ mg `ms(|m `i|l$km dd}gz h&essjce }ge leg'Pmddm| gi{m|$ pmdd| elisk|$pmddm| qese}dm| k&ehis
Mdde kgkm egkes${ed pm eg hm sml}mske$]g ke |m heslnz oeh| pidp e pmsde'
Qmsi$ l}egki i|l}smlmdmoi| |m m|l}lne }ge legljgPjmoe| gi{e|$ pjmoi| eliskm|Pjmoe| qedecse| km ehis'''
[~isje {~isj' Hjbmd Dehcie'
Nmfieb mcebj cegjbji
gmsme jegfi mg$m }mg edkmfjgfi'Cejgeg$ nigmdem mg fmnjefi {~isje jegfim{e gjb'''{~isje g}mg hej{m'
\j dm n}cjmse lis{eki de| ede|
necse |jki hi$gi necse m|leqeki'Qmsi e|$necse kmoeki km |ms qoesi'Z zi'''zi di u}m ehece mse }g qoesi'
Lnipm mg \eg{jefi' D}es ge d}csm'
Lnipm mg \eg{jefihm} kilm ehis'
Lehmdje csegle ki escsjde mg{mcsmljke |id'
Lnipm mg \eg{jefige gij{m m|l}se'Nmsce| km qse{e m km |igilicsmg e pedmjse de'
Idde e lnijpe qid(e se$deji km qmkse m lsj|{ed'Idde gi pmg{i m|peki
|ihe m ljge ki {m} hes'
\ihe m ljge ki {m} hes\eg{jefi$ dig~m ki |id'fie ke heg eg{msfe{smhe gi hm} liseg'
Dd}mpm mg \eg{jefihj k}dlm ehis
lehmdje cdegle kmd ejsmcsjdde mg{mgmcseki md |id'
Dd}mpm mg \eg{jefiz m| gilnm i|l}senjmsce| km qde{e km |}mi|l}csmg de km|jms{e d}ge'
Hjse de d}ge mg de leddmu}moe km qjmkse z lsj|{ed'Hjse md pjmg{i qmskjki
|ihcse km {jge km {} hes'
\ihcse km {jge km {} hes'\eg{jefi$ dmoi| km {} |idef}e km hessmh}mpm hj liseg'
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]GJKEK KJKL[JLE 5>? DE\ PESJMKEKM\ KM DE DMGF]E
3' EGDJ\J\ KM PESJMKEKM\ KJE[QJLE\
M|l}lne de| |jf}jmg{m| legljigm| z sm|qigkm$ lig de ez}ke km de| `i{iliqje| u}m smlifmgde| dm{se|$ e de| |jf}jmg{m| qsmf}g{e|?
(M~qdjle md |jfgj`jleki km de| |jf}jmg{m| m~qsm|jigm|? lems di| m|u}mhe|$ |iscms md |m|i$
md {jmhqi {iki ledhe$ lised gmfsi km De Necege$ md nehcsm mgfee'
(U} se|fi lesel{ms|{jli kmd kjedml{i egked} `ed{e mg de legljg km Cmcm9
(Sm|}hm md lig{mgjki km de qsjhmse legljg'
(M~{sem pilec}desji sm`msjki e L}ce km de |mf}gke legljg'
(Qis d{jhi$ jgkjle u} se|fi| `gjli| eqesmlmg mg de| legljigm|?
E|qjseljg km )|) mg qi|jljg `jged km |dece' Zm|hi' Qsig}gljeljg km o)fm)fj lihi )n)' Kj|{jgljg mg{sm l$ z |' Jgkj|{jgljg mg{sm c z p' Qsig}gljeljg km o)fm)fj lihi )~)'
Piledjeljg ldese$ e}gu}m e pmlm| nez |jhqdj`jleljg km piledm| jkg{jle||mf}jke|'
(Lihi smlihqmg|e e {} m|`}msi$ pmsmhi| }g `sefhmg{i km de qmdl}de &B}gf @}|jg&$
mg md u}m |m smqsik}lm `jmdhmg{m md kjedml{i egked}'
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]GJKEK KJKL[JLE 5>? DE\ PESJMKEKM\ KM DE DMGF]E
\jmhqsm hm u}mkes' Cmcm'
Lhi kmljs u}m hm qes{m| mg hjd
de| m|u}jgj{e| km hj| n}m|i|$
u}m neg leki di| m|u}mhe| km hj pjke
enise u}m {iki mse qms`ml{i'
Z edfi h| u}m m|i$
hm |iscj|{m md |m|i z hm km|ljmgkm md qm|i
km m|{m l}msqmlj{i hi
u}m |m ne ligpms{jki mg si'
Hm l}m|{e ecsjs di| ioi|
z di nefi qili e qili$
gi |me u}m eg {m mgl}mg{sm lmsle'
Hm f}eski {} sml}mski
lihi md hmois |mlsm{i$
u} k}dlm `}m {mgms{m kmg{si'
Nez }g {sii km d}
mg m|{e i|l}sjkek
qese qsm|{eshm ledhe'
Md {jmhqi {iki ledhe$
de {mhqm|{ek z de ledhe$
md {jmhqi {iki ledhe$
de {mhqm|{ek z de ledhe'
\jmhqsm hm u}mkes
de pi |}epm kmd hes$
De `dele' Oesecm km qedi'
Mg de pjke ligil
h}oms jf}ed e de `dele$
lised gmfsi km De Necege$
{smhmgk|jhe h}de{e$
ljmg djcse| km qjmd z n}m|i$
l}esmg{e bjdi| km |ed|e
z mg de lese ki| |idm|
u}m |jg qedecse| necdeg$
u}m |jg qedecse| necdeg'
De `dele k}mshm km ke$
kjlm u}m e| md nehcsm mgfee
z l}egki lem de gilnm
ceoe e cejdes e de {e|le'
Z cejdes z cejdes
z {ihes z {ihes
}ge lmspme {se| i{se
qmsi mdde g}gle mgfiske$
qmsi mdde g}gle mgfiske'
Qis }g cm|i km de `dele
kese di u}m `}mse
qis }g cm|i km mdde
e}gu}m |idi }gi `}mse'
Qis }g cm|i km de `dele
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]GJKEK KJKL[JLE 5>? DE\ PESJMKEKM\ KM DE DMGF]E
pidpms e sm|qjses de dd}pje u}m lems
|icsm m|{m l}msqi z hioes
de `dis u}m lsmlm mg h$
z pidpms e sms
z leke ke }g jg|{eg{m pidpms e qmg|es mg {j'
Mg de pi |}epm kmd hes$
mg pidpms e sm|qjses de dd}pje u}m lems
|icsm m|{m l}msqi z hioesde `dis u}m lsmlm mg h$
z pidpms e sms
z leke ke }g jg|{eg{m pidpms e qmg|es mg {j'
Lhi kmljs u}m hm qes{m| mg hjd
'''
\jmhqsm hm u}mkes
kese di u}m `}mse
qis }g cm|i km mdde
e}gu}m |idi }gi `}mse$
e}gu}m |idi }gi `}mse'
Hio hj| |cege| cdegle|
lihi kjlm de legljg
smliskegki de| lesjlje|
u}m hm csjgk md qsjhms kez mgdiu}mli km fege|
km kishjs e |} dekj{i
qisu}m Kji| u}m m|{e `dele
e h hm {jmgm diu}j{i$
e h hm {jmgm diu}j{i'
Qis }g cm|i km de `dele'''
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]GJKEK KJKL[JLE 5>? DE\ PESJMKEKM\ KM DE DMGF]E
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]GJKEK KJKL[JLE 5>? DE\ PESJMKEKM\ KM DE DMGF]E
h| kj`ljd$ mg m|{e| ige| kmd Gis{m z kmcjki e de jglih}gjleljg mg{sm mdde| de dmgf}e
jse mpid}ljigegki km `ishe kj|{jg{e mg di| kj|{jg{i| gldmi| km sm|j|{mglje z kese d}fes
e de| kj`msmg{m| dmgf}e| m|qeide| kmsjpeke| kmd de{g$ km M|{m e Im|{m? le{edg$ esefig|$
le|{mddegi$ dmig| z feddmfi' Md epeglm km di| lsj|{jegi| nelje md \}s m~{mgkj de| lj{eke|
dmgf}e| u}m lig{jg}esig |} mpid}ljg lig mpjkmg{m| jg`d}mglje| km de dmgf}e secm' E
qes{js kmd |jfdi ^ mhqmesg e m|lsjcjs|m {m~{i| mg de| kj|{jg{e| dmgf}e| u}m |m
ligpms{jsg mg de qs}mce mpjkmg{m km |} jgkmqmgkmglje sm|qml{i kmd de{g z mg{sm mdde|'
De |j{}eljg el{}ed km de| dmgf}e| necdeke| mg M|qee m| h}z km|jf}ed$ md m|qeid m|
necdeki mg {iki md {mssj{isji geljiged z$ ekmh|$ km|km de [seg|jljg e de Kmhilselje$mg md d{jhi l}es{i kmd |jfdi ^^$ |m ne qsik}ljki }g qsilm|i km smligiljhjmg{i z
sml}qmseljg km de| kj|{jg{e| jkmg{jkekm| l}d{}sedm| z djgf|{jle| u}m$ lig mpjkmg{m|
kj`jl}d{ekm|$ neg sm|j|{jki de qsm|jg km de u}m `}m k}seg{m h}lni {jmhqi gjle dmgf}e
i`jljedhmg{m smligiljke'
Oepjms L}cmsi'
Mkj{is km de qfjge km dmgf}e$ dj{mse{}se z es{m| fs`jle| &Mdkfise|&'
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]GJKEK KJKL[JLE 5>? DE\ PESJMKEKM\ KM DE DMGF]E
;' M\QEID I LE\[MDDEGI9
Dmm md |jf}jmg{m es{l}di kmd Kjlljigesji Qegnj|qgjli km K}ke| z sm|qigkm e de|qsmf}g{e| u}m `ish}dehi| e lig{jg}eljg?
e* Qis u} seg m| qsm`msjcdm }{jdjes m|qeid mg d}fes km le|{mddegi9
c* E u} |m sm`jmsm md Kjlljigesji Qegnj|qgjli km K}ke| lig kjedml{i sihgjli9
l* U} lig|ml}mglje| {jmgm qese }ge dmgf}e |} smligiljhjmg{i lihi dmgf}e i`jljed9
k* L}dm| |ig de| kmh| dmgf}e| m|qeide|9
M|qeid' Qese km|jfges de dmgf}e lihg km M|qee z km h}lne| geljigm| km Ehsjle$z u}m {ehcjg |m necde lihi qsiqje mg i{se| qes{m| kmd h}gki$ |ig pdjki| di| {shjgi|
le|{mddegi z m|qeid' De qidhjle |icsm l}d km m|{e| kmgihjgeljigm| sm|}d{e h|
eqsiqjeke m|{ niz |}qmseke' Md {shjgi m|qeid sm|}d{e h| smlihmgkecdm qis lesmlms
km ehcjfmkek$ ze u}m |m sm`jmsm km hiki }gpili e de dmgf}e u}m necdeg niz lmsle km
l}e{siljmg{i| hjddigm| km qms|ige|' E|jhj|hi$ m| de kmgihjgeljg u}m |m }{jdje
jg{msgeljigedhmg{m .\qegj|n$ m|qefgid$ \qegj|ln$ |qefgidi$ m{l'*' E}g |jmgki {ehcjg
|jggjhi km m|qeid$ sm|}d{e qsm`msjcdm sm|mspes md {shjgi le|{mddegi qese sm`msjs|m edkjedml{i sihgjli geljki mg md Smjgi km Le|{jdde k}seg{m de Mkek Hmkje$ i ed kjedml{i
kmd m|qeid u}m |m necde el{}edhmg{m mg m|{e smfjg' Mg M|qee$ |m }|e e|jhj|hi md
gihcsm le|{mddegi l}egki |m ed}km e de dmgf}e lihg kmd M|{eki mg smdeljg lig de|
i{se| dmgf}e| lii`jljedm| mg |}| sm|qml{jpi| {mssj{isji| e}{gihi|$ lihi md le{edg$ md
feddmfi i md pe|li'
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]GJKEK KJKL[JLE 5>? DE\ PESJMKEKM\ KM DE DMGF]E
=' QIG[M MG DE \J[]ELJG
E u} {jqi km smfj|{si qms{mgmlmg m|{i| {m~{i|9 Smm|lscmdi| lihi |j }{jdjese| mdsmfj|{si iq}m|{i' Mg }g le|i$ qikse| |ms ehjfi kmd kjsml{is km }g c}`m{m km ecifeki|2 z
mg i{si$ }ge lig`msmgljeg{m u}m m~qigm |} iqjgjg mg md |edg km el{i| km de
}gjpms|jkek'
M|{jheki| \sm|'?
Nm {mshjgeki smljmg{mhmg{m hj| m|{}kji| km Kmsmlni mg de ]gjpms|jkek Lihqd}{mg|m km
Heksjk$ z hm kjsjoi e }|{mkm| lig md qsiq|j{i km i`smlmsdm hj| |mspjlji|'
K}seg{m hj qmsjiki km `isheljg nm smedjeki pesje| qsl{jle| mg md hcj{i u}m |}
mhqsm|e km|essidde'
Qis m|{e m~qmsjmglje z i{se |msjm km l}s|i| km `isheljg u}m$ lihi qiks pms$ `jf}seg mg
hj l}ssl}di$ lsmi u}m qikse |ms lig|jkmseke km jg{ms| qese |} `jshe'
Hm epedeg$ ekmh|$ i{se| el{jpjkekm| u}m nm ddmpeki e leci mg kj|{jg{i| hcj{i|
mhqsm|esjedm|$ de| l}edm| qiksg |mspjshm km fseg ez}ke qese lidecises mg md
lsmljhjmg{i km |} lihqee'
Lig de m|qmsege km smljcjs qsig{i gi{jlje| |}ze|$ |m km|qjkm km }|{mk h}z e{mg{ehmg{m'
@jshe
\}|ege @msggkm
M~{seki kmn{{q?))vvv'kigmhqdmi'lih)les{e(qsm|mg{eljig'e|q,Hikmdi|
http://www.donempleo.com/carta-presentacion.asp#Modeloshttp://www.donempleo.com/carta-presentacion.asp#Modeloshttp://www.donempleo.com/carta-presentacion.asp#Modeloshttp://www.donempleo.com/carta-presentacion.asp#Modelos7/23/2019 UNIDAD DIDCTICA 18
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]GJKEK KJKL[JLE 5>? DE\ PESJMKEKM\ KM DE DMGF]E
H}lne| li|e| gi| il}ssmg qisu}m gi|i{se| {mgmhi| de l}dqe' Qisu}m m| u}m gi|i{se|
gi gi| kehi| e pedms z gi qdeg{ehi| lese e de| li|e|' Qmsi de |iljmkek ne|{e enise ne
m|{eki nmlne qese di| nihcsm|' De| h}omsm| gi nmhi| {mgjki geke u}m qjg{es' Z {jmgmg
u}m ddmpes mg l}mg{e }ge li|e di| nihcsm|$ qisu}m eg{m| ne kjlni }gi u}m |j de| h}omsm|
gi nelmg de hjdj' De| h}omsm| nelmhi|? km qmkje{se$ km fmsje{se$ qisu}m ez l}egki di|
qeksm| |m gi| qigmg pjmoi|% Gi| {mgmhi| u}m nelms lesfi km mddi|$ md nihcsm |m pe e
{seceoes `}mse km le|e$ z de h}oms |m u}mke lig md hifiddg' [mgmhi| u}m fm|{jiges
{ike| de| li|e| c}sils{jle| km lidmfji|$ km qeqmdmi| km ;1111 li|e|' M|i {iki di nelm
de h}oms' Z h}lne| pmlm| gi |ecmhi| gj km kgkm |eles {jmhqi$ m| lissms km }g deki$ z
lissms qese i{si2 z u}m |{m pjmgm$ z u}m |{m nez u}m kesdm de lihjke e }ge nise$ z u}m
ed i{si nez u}m kesdm e de i{se' U}m qesmlm }ge h}oms mg de le|e lihi }g f}eskje km
{s`jli kjsjfjmgki {ike de isu}m|{e' Z h}lne| li|e| km m|{e|$ q}m|'''
Decise{isji km Djgf|{jle Jg`ish{jle? Lisq}| km kmce{m|'
Lisq}| Ised km Sm`msmglje km de Dmgf}e M|qeide Lig{mhqisgme LISDML
n{{q?))vvv'ddd`'}eh'm|)M\Q)Lisdml'n{hd
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]GJKEK KJKL[JLE 5>? DE\ PESJMKEKM\ KM DE DMGF]E
0' KJLLJIGESJI KM OMSFE O]PMGJD
Lig de |jf}jmg{m dj|{e km qedecse| mg m|qeid m|{gkes$ lihqdm{e }g csmpm kjlljigesji kmomsfe o}pmgjd' [mgks| u}m eq}g{es {ike| de| m~qsm|jigm| o}pmgjdm| mu}jpedmg{m| qese
leke }ge km de| qedecse| u}m eqesmlmg mg m|{e smdeljg' Gi k}km| mg sml}ssjs ed
kjlljigesji |j di gmlm|j{e|'
M|{es mg`ekeki .lig edf}jmg*
M|{es dili)(e
Ed}ljges
Ledigljddi|
Lifms li|e| km di| kmh| e hmg}ki
M|{}qmgki
Nelms md {ig{i
Mu}jpiles|m
Hidm|{es
Js|m lig qsj|e
Mg{sm{mgms|m .lig edfi*
Cm|es|m
Mhqmes }ge smdeljg ehisi|e
\j{}eljg efsekecdm) km|efsekecdm
Kjpms|jg
M~ldeheljg gmfe{jpe
H}lni)(|
F}|{es
Egjhes de `jm|{e
Gi {mgms fege| km nelms edfi
Qmdme
Kmhi|{ses mg`eki nelje edf}jmg
M|{}qmgki
Lilnm
Lnjli)(e
Gipji)(e
Cigj{i
Qmdjfsi|i)(e
Qms|ige h}z h}|l}di|e
Ehjfi
[hjki)(e
Sihqms }ge smdeljg
[seceoes) {seceoekis) {seceoi
Hidm|{es .e edf}jmg*
Hidm|{es .e edf}jmg*
Kes) Hm{ms qsm|jg
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]GJKEK KJKL[JLE 5>? DE\ PESJMKEKM\ KM DE DMGF]E
Qsicdmhe
Hisjs|m
Sms|m
Qe|s|mdi h}z cjmg
Qidjle
Gi e|j|{js e lde|m
Fs}qi km ehjfi|
Qms|ige u}m pj|{m lig siqe leseEkom{jpi lesji|i
Qj|{ide
Heslnes|m
Ljfessi
Pihj{es
U}mkes|m kishjki
Qmdjfsi|i)(e
Lehcjes km iqjgjg
Ec}ssjhjmg{i
\ms fselji|i)(e
\ms c}mge qms|ige
Km|l}jkeki)(e
Qefes
[mgms pedis qese nelms edfi
Km|lig{sides
Nelms md ehis
M|{}kji|i) m|{}kjes
Mg }g hihmg{i
Mpj{es sm|qig|ecjdjkekm|
M|{es m~lj{eki)(e
\ms e{sel{jpi
M|{es dili)(eM|{es km|g}ki
[mgms h}lni kjgmsi
M|{es leg|eki
M|{es mgehiseki
Js|m
\ms m|{}qmgki)(e
\ms km|l}jkeki)(e
\ms |jhq{jli)(e
\ms |jglmsi)(e
\ms hede qms|ige
Kishjs
Qefes
[mgms pedis qese nelms edfi
Gi nelms geke
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]GJKEK KJKL[JLE 5>? DE\ PESJMKEKM\ KM DE DMGF]E
6' EGDJ\J\ KJE\[S[JLI Z KJE@\JLI
(Jgkjle z egedje md |iljidml{i u}m |m lissm|qigkm e leke }gi km di| |jf}jmg{m|`sefhmg{i|'
(Lesel{msje {ehcjg md smfj|{si u}m }{jdjeg di| qms|igeom| lig momhqdi| m~{seki| km
di| {m~{i|'
(M|lsjcm qedecse| kmd d~jli qsiqji km leke }|i z egi{e e |} deki }g |jggjhi l}d{i
pdjki'
(Qis d{jhi$ m|lsjcm }g kjdifi mg md u}m {mgfeg lecjke de| m~qsm|jigm| sml}ssmg{m| kmd
}|i u}m m|lioe|'
(Qmse pehi|$ kj$ u} ne qe|eki9 (jg|j|{j'
(De nm pj|{i$ m|{e heege (kjom(' Mg de q}ms{e kmd jg|{j{}{i'
(I |me$ u}m pe edd' Z lhi gi de {mgehi| `jlneke9
(Gi di |' Nelm {mslmsi$ qmsi smqj{j |mf}gki'
(Km {ike| `ishe|' U}j| |me g}mpe'
(M|i nm qmg|eki zi'
(C}mgi$ z u}9 (kjoi(' Qis u} {m di {mge| {eg leddeki9
(Gi `}m }g fseg ~j{i (ekhj{'
(Z m|i9
(Hm qesmlm u}m dm sm|}d{ h| lhjli u}m i{se li|e' Z hm qesmlm {ehcjg u}m |j |jfi
e| piz e {mgms u}m eleces kmkjlgkihm ed ljsli'
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]GJKEK KJKL[JLE 5>? DE\ PESJMKEKM\ KM DE DMGF]E
(Qmsi$ necde|{m lig mdde9
(\' Jgld}|i hm kjoi |} gihcsm' Pegm||e'
(Pegm||e''' (smqj{j Lesdi|(' M| ln}di'
(U} pe$ m| km sj|e' Mgehises|m km }ge Pegm||e'''
(Pehi|$ {i' 9Qis u} {m di {ihe| {eg hed9
(Qisu}m di {mgfi ls}ki lig mdde$ m|i m|{ ldesi' Z m|i u}m hm qesmlm u}m lihqes{jhi|
f}|{i| h}|jledm|$ qis di hmgi|' Jce izmgki h|jle ce|{eg{m lemse$ e}gu}m gi q}km
kj|{jgf}jsde qisu}m de ie lig e}sjl}desm|'
(C}mgi$ m|i m| }g qsjgljqji' Q}mkm| smfedesdm edfi km M~{smhik}si' ]g smfedi cjmg
m|lifjki |jmhqsm ecdegke e }ge lnjle'
Di| ehism| d}g{jli|' Dismgi \jdpe'
(Z { ne| m|{eki km cike mg edfg q}mcdi9
(Md ei eg{mqe|eki'
(\ms }ge li|e kjpms{jke'
(Kjpms{jke |j {jmgm| lig u}jmg sms{m' Qmsi |j$ mg lehcji$ {m {ile$ lihi e h hm {il$mhqi{seke mg de hm|e mg{sm ki| qedm{{i| u}m gi neleg h| u}m nelmshm qsmf}g{e| |j
zi jce e cejdes e Le|ecdegle z e Qe|eqife$ di u}m {m h}msm| m| km e|li$ {m di kjfi zi' [m
efesse| }g ec}ssjhjmg{i$ njoe he$ u}m gi |m {m u}j{e mg }g qes km |mhege|'
(Q}m| u} {jmgm km hedi u}m {m qsmf}g{mg m|e| li|e|9 Gi pmi zi en'''
(\j m| di qm|eki| u}m |m qigeg$ z de hegmse {eg jfgiseg{m z {eg |jg fselje km necdes lig
}ge lnjle' [m |jmg{m| lihi feddjge mg lissed eomgi' Km|megki heslnes{m l}eg{i eg{m|'Pm| u}m u}jmsmg nelms{m sms z u}m gi di lig|jf}mg$ u}m di gjli u}m {m qigm| m| h|
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]GJKEK KJKL[JLE 5>? DE\ PESJMKEKM\ KM DE DMGF]E
pjidmg{e leke pm' Z m|{| pjidmg{e qis mddi|$ ekmh|' Qis md qiu}|jhi n}his u}m pm|
u}m {jmgmg di| qicsmlj{i| z di| m|`}msi| u}m nelmg qis kjpms{js{m' Mg hj pjke qe| se{i
h| hedi mg }ge `jm|{e$ gj di qjmg|i qe|es'
(Q}m| mg }g le|i lihi |m (kjoi Hmdz($ di u}m nelm }ge m| hm{msdm| md di z {ihesdm| md
qmdi qis {iki di ed{i'
(M|i m| di u}m nese| {$ |mf}sehmg{m' Qmsi zi gi |jspi qese {ihesdm md qmdi e gjgf}ge
qms|ige2 gj u}jmsi' [ |$ gi hm lecm k}ke2 e {j m|i {m kjpjms{m$ ze di |'
(Z e u} hm necde| enise km m|e `ishe9 Gi di lihqsmgki$ Leshmg$ de pmskek'
Edjlje |m jg{msq}|i |jg kes {jmhqi e u}m Leshmg lig{m|{ese km g}mpi'
(Q}m| zi$ hjse {$ e h di| q}mcdi| gi hm kj|f}|{eg' ]ge pjke {segu}jde'''(|m km{}pi$
qmg|egki(' Z d}mfi$ {iki md h}gki |m ligilm'
(E h hm ec}ssm di {segu}jdi (kjoi Hmdz($ hm lsj|qe2 de {segu}jdjkek m| di u}m h|
jg{segu}jde hm qigm' Z m|i km ligilms|m {iki md h}gki$ peze }ge fselje%$ q}m| u}
edjljmg{m pe e {mgms de pjke |j ligilmhi| e {iki|9 Gi hm ligpmglm de pjke km di|
q}mcdi|$ di |jmg{i2 kmcm |ms md {i|{g ghmsi }gi'
Md Oesehe' Se`emd \glnm(@msdi|ji'
7/23/2019 UNIDAD DIDCTICA 18
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]GJKEK KJKL[JLE 5>? DE\ PESJMKEKM\ KM DE DMGF]E
>' KM[ML[E DE\ M^QSM\JIGM\ P]DFESM\
Eu} {jmgm| kjpms|i| `sefhmg{i| km }ge qmdl}de mg dmgf}e p}dfes' M|{ qdefeki kmm~qsm|jigm| jglissml{e| u}m kmcm| |}csezes z lissmfjs lidilegki ed deki de m~qsm|jg
lissml{e'
De heksm mse h| c}mge u}m md qm|leki ligfmdeki' Pj}ke$ qmsi c}mg|jhe$ u}m di
lis{| gi u}j{e di qeljmg{m' Md |mis$ qicsmlj{i$ |m nece h}ms{i km lcj{i |}qjgi'
Lihi q}km hm |ed z ceo ed hkjli' \m hm q}|i de qjmsge {eg gmfse lihi de cile kmd
dici'
Lihi dm |jfe kegki m|{i| |}|{i| ed liseg de piz e {mgms u}m lidiles }g
qe|e{jmhqi|'
\m ligilm u}m {mge de lesgm |isqsmgkjke kmd n}m|i'
E di| |jm{m ei| hm {jsece {iki md ke mg de leddm' Gi |ece gj dmms gj m|lsjcjs' M|{ece
nmlne }ge ed`ecm{e km hegfe mg{mse'
Gmpece }ge li|e hede' [eskcehi| di hmgi| l}e{si i ljgli ke| mg |edjs e de leddm'
Enise$ u}m {ehqili {m lsme| u}m m|{cehi| km|megki$ qisu}m edd nece h| {ig{i| u}m
i{se li|e' Md h| hmg{eki mse md Qj|eqmki|? }g qsjhi hi h}z ceoj{i u}m |ede e
qe|mes|m z mse mgegi' [mge di| kmki| km di| qjm|m| e|g z di| km de| hegi| jf}edhmg{m$
7/23/2019 UNIDAD DIDCTICA 18
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]GJKEK KJKL[JLE 5>? DE\ PESJMKEKM\ KM DE DMGF]E
z |jg mg lehcji$ |m le|i lig }ge {jessige fjfeg{m' Jce egkegki z qesmle }g {iqi' Lihi
di| u}m |edmg mg md ljsli' Md gjli km hj `ehjdje u}m |edj {eg qmso}kjleki km ed{}se' I{si
|m eqmddjkece Fehce z mse {eg fiski u}m jce egkegki }ge li|e hede' Dm u}j{ece| de
lecme z |ede sikegki jf}ed u}m }g {igmd' Mse hjiqm' Km m|i| u}m pmg km gilnm z km ke
gi' Km di| u}m {jmgmg md qmdi h}z cdegli$ h}z cdegli' Edcegi {i{ed'
Di qili u}m | dmms di nm eqsmgkjki mg de {mdmpj|jg' I |me$ de| dm{se|$ u}m de| o}g{i z
m|i' M| ed jf}ed u}m hj njoi Hesjegg? d g}gle ne e{mgkjki e de m|l}mde qmsi |ecm
ligk}ljs z km l}mg{e| qisu}m dm ne |}sfjki km |} qsiqji jg{msjis' I |me$ u}m di| ki|
|ihi| e}{he{e|'
Edf}gi| kmd`jgm| km |mhege hm elmslece e de| i`jljge|'
De pjke hm nece mg|meki di u}m zi qjg{ece mg m|{m qdegm{e? hmgi| u}m }g lmski e de
ju}jmske'
E de m|{e{}e G}mpe Zisb$ }ge hige lig lisige km m|qjge| u}m |}om{e }g l}l}s}lni km
pejgjdde mg di ed{i$ de ic|msp ed ge{}sed km|km de cene kmd h}mddm' De mhiljg hm g}cd
de pj|jcjdjkek e{hi|`sjle' Ze {m kjfi' Lhi gi jce e ddises9 M|{ece qis qsjhmse pm
`smg{m ed hes' Z {}pm h}lne |}ms{m qisu}m hm qjdd }g ke lig md ilegi e {iqm km ef}e'
Ddmfece qsl{jlehmg{m ne|{e de isjdde' ]ge li|e hede' \j lemg ki| fi{e| h|$ |m
km|ciske z hm pmi mgsideke mg md esle km Gmsg' @oe{m |j gi| |icse ef}e mg de qm|lide
jcsjle z {}pm u}m km|l}csjs md Hmkj{mssgmi mg Ehsjle'
Zi gi |mg{e qsl{jlehmg{m km gjgfg iki$ e|g u}m `}j e de lig|}d{e km }g hkjli
isgj{issjgli'
.F}jddmshi @m||ms$ Lgkjke$ hmhisje| km }ge e|j|{mg{e'*
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]GJKEK KJKL[JLE 5>? DE\ PESJMKEKM\ KM DE DMGF]E
:' GJPMD L]D[I PMS\]\ GJPMD P]DFES
Dmm md |jf}jmg{m `sefhmg{i km Md U}joi{m z sm|qigkm e de| |jf}jmg{m| qsmf}g{e|?
(M~qdjle di| se|fi| lesel{ms|{jli| kmd gjpmd km }|i km de dmgf}e u}m m~qsm|e Kig
U}joi{m'
(Qis u} |m smg km d de| ki| qsi|{j{}{e| u}m {seceoeg mg de pmg{e9
M|{eceg ele|i e de q}ms{e ki| h}omsm| hie|$ km|{e| u}m ddeheg kmd qes{jki$ de| l}edm|
jceg e \mpjdde lig }gi| essjmsi| u}m mg de pmg{e eu}mdde gilnm elms{esig e nelms oisgeke2
z lihi e g}m|{si epmg{}smsi {iki l}eg{i qmg|ece$ pme i jhefjgece dm qesmle |ms nmlni
z qe|es ed hiki km di u}m nece dmki$ d}mfi u}m pji de pmg{e |m dm smqsm|mg{ u}m mse }g
le|{jddi lig |}| l}e{si {issm| z lneqj{mdm| km d}ljmg{m qde{e$ |jg `ed{esdm |} q}mg{m
dmpekje z nigke lepe$ lig {iki| eu}mddi| eknmsmg{m| u}m |mhmoeg{m| le|{jddi| |m qjg{eg'
@}m|m ddmfegki e de pmg{e u}m e d dm qesmle le|{jddi$ z e qili {smlni kmdde km{}pi de|
sjmgke| e Siljgeg{m$ m|qmsegki u}m edfg mgegi |m q}|jm|m mg{sm de| edhmge| e kes |med
lig edf}ge {sihqm{e km u}m ddmfece leceddmsi ed le|{jddi' Qmsi lihi pji u}m |m {eskeceg
z u}m Siljgeg{m |m kece qsjm|e qis ddmfes e de leceddmsje$ |m ddmf e de q}ms{e km de pmg{ez pji e de| ki| km|{seke| hie| u}m edd m|{eceg$ u}m e d dm qesmljmsig ki| nmshi|e|
kiglmdde| i ki| fselji|e| kehe| u}m kmdeg{m km de q}ms{e kmd le|{jddi |m m|{eceg
|ideegki' Mg m|{i |}lmkj ele|i u}m }g qisu}msi u}m egkece smlifjmgki km }gi|
se|{sioi| }ge hegeke km q}msli| .u}m |jg qmskg e| |m ddeheg* {il }g l}msgi$ e l}ze
|med mddi| |m smlifmg$ z ed jg|{eg{m |m dm smqsm|mg{ e kig U}joi{m di u}m km|mece$ u}m
mse u}m edfg mgegi nele |med km |} pmgjke2 z$ e|$ lig m|{sei lig{mg{i ddmf e de
pmg{e z e de| kehe|$ de| l}edm|$ lihi pjmsig pmgjs }g nihcsm km eu}mdde |}ms{m esheki$z lig dege z ekesfe$ ddmge| km hjmki |m jceg e mg{ses mg de pmg{e2 qmsi kig U}joi{m$
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]GJKEK KJKL[JLE 5>? DE\ PESJMKEKM\ KM DE DMGF]E
lidjfjmgki qis |} n}jke |} hjmki$ edgki|m de pj|mse km qeqmdg z km|l}csjmgki |}
|mli z qidpisi|i si|{si$ lig fmg{jd {edeg{m z pi smqi|eke dm| kjoi?
Gig `}zeg de| p}m|{se| hmslmkm|$ gj {mheg km|ef}j|eki edf}gi$ le e de iskmg km
leceddmse u}m qsi`m|i gig {ile gj e{em `elmsdm e gjgf}gi$ l}eg{i h| e {eg ed{e|
kiglmdde| lihi p}m|{se| qsm|mglje| kmh}m|{seg'
Hjscegdm de| hie| z egkeceg lig di| ioi| c}|lgkidm md si|{si$ u}m de hede pj|mse dm
mgl}cse2 he| lihi |m izmsig ddehes kiglmdde|$ li|e {eg `}mse km |} qsi`m|jg$ gi
q}kjmsig {mgms de sj|e z `}m km hegmse u}m kig U}joi{m pjgi e lissms|m z e kmljsdm|?
Cjmg qesmlm de hm|}se mg de| `mshi|e|$ z m| h}lne |egkm ekmh| de sj|e u}m km dmpm
le}|e qsilmkm2 qmsi gig pi| di kjfi qisu}m i| el}j{mkm| gj hi|{smkm| hed {edeg{m$ u}m
md hi gig m| km d u}m km |mspjsi|'
Md dmgf}eom$ gi mg{mgkjki km de| |mise|$ z md hed {eddm km g}m|{si leceddmsi elsmlmg{ecemg mdde| de sj|e$ z mg d md mgioi$ z qe|ese h}z ekmdeg{m |j e eu}md q}g{i gi |edjmse md
pmg{msi$ nihcsm u}m$ qis |ms h}z fiski$ mse h}z qel`jli $ md l}ed$ pjmgki eu}mdde
`jf}se lig{senmlne$ esheke km eshe| {eg km|jf}edm| lihi mseg de csjke$ dege$ ekesfe z
li|mdm{m$ gi m|{}pi mg geke mg elihqees e de| kiglmdde| mg de| h}m|{se| km |}
lig{mg{i'
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]GJKEK KJKL[JLE 5>? DE\ PESJMKEKM\ KM DE DMGF]E
51' PJM[E\
Smddmge leke pjm{e kmd |jf}jmg{m lhjl lig }ge pesjmkek km de dmgf}e kj`msmg{m' Q}mkm|
mdmfjs de u}m u}jmse|? kje|{s{jle$ kje{qjle i kje`|jle' Jg{mg{e }|es {} lsme{jpjkek qese
lig|mf}js }ge| pjm{e| u}m m|lmgj`ju}mg de iqi|jljg km di| }|i| km di| qms|igeom|'
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]GJKEK KJKL[JLE 5>? DE\ PESJMKEKM\ KM DE DMGF]E
55' OMSFE KMD KMQIS[M
Dmm md |jf}jmg{m es{l}di qmsjik|{jli z sm|qigkm e de| |jf}jmg{m| qsmf}g{e|?
(U} mu}jqi m| md kmlegi kmd `{cid m|qeid9 M~qdjle md |jfgj`jleki kmd |}|{eg{jpi
&kmlegi& z lig|{s}zm ljgli iseljigm| lig d'
(C}|le jg`isheljg |icsm di| e}{ism| Hjf}md km ]geh}gi$ Qmksi H}i \mle$ Lesdi|
Esgjlnm| z Hesjegi km Lepje m jgkjle csmpmhmg{m |}| eqis{eljigm| e de dmgf}e i e de
dj{mse{}se'
(Qig i{si| momhqdi| km egfdjlj|hi| u}m eg |m |jfeg }{jdjegki mg de| sm{seg|hj|jigm|
kmqis{jpe|'
(M~qdjle md |jfgj`jleki km di| {shjgi| jgfdm|m| ne{({sjlb z kmscz' \m eqdjle
lissml{ehmg{m m|{m d{jhi l}egki |m necde km }g mg`smg{ehjmg{i mg{sm md Smed Heksjk z
md @{cid Ld}c Ceslmdige9
(Liqje }g lehqi km `{cid mg }ge nioe z qig gihcsm e leke }gi km di| mdmhmg{i| u}m
jg{mspjmgmg mg di| elig{mljhjmg{i| `}{cid|{jli| .o}fekism|$ he{msjed$ ehcjmg{m$
m{l{mse'''*'
Lihi gi qike |ms km i{se `ishe$ md pilec}desji kmd h}gki kmd `{cid ne |}`sjki lig md
qe|i kmd {jmhqi }ge {seg|`isheljg qesedmde ed km de pjke li{jkjege$ ne|{e md q}g{i km
7/23/2019 UNIDAD DIDCTICA 18
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]GJKEK KJKL[JLE 5>? DE\ PESJMKEKM\ KM DE DMGF]E
u}m h}lni| km |}| {shjgi| `}msig elmq{eki| qis de Smed Elekmhje M|qeide km de
Dmgf}e z e c}mg |mf}si u}m i{si| gi {eskesg mg nelmsdi'
Lecm qsmf}g{es|m u} qmg|eseg |j dmpeg{eseg de lecme eu}mddi| u}m mg |} ke$
lig{sjc}zmsig e de mdeciseljg km kjlni pilec}desji z |m mglig{seseg lig di| pilecdi|
u}m |m hegmoeg mg g}m|{si {jmhqi' Gi nez u}m idpjkes u}m$ qis momhqdi$ mg de| qsjhmse|
kleke| kmd qe|eki |jfdi m|lsjcjmsig |icsm m|{m kmqis{m `jf}se| km de| dm{se| {eg
qsm|{jfji|e| lihi Hjf}md km ]geh}gi$ Qmksi H}i \mle$ Lesdi| Esgjlnm| z Hesjegi
km Lepje mg{sm i{si|' Qis ljms{i$ m| l}sji|i sm|ed{es u}m m|{m d{jhi `}m jg|{eki
qcdjlehmg{m e u}m mglig{sese }ge elmqljg m|qeide km `ii{(cedd z |m kmljkj qis
cedihqj$ {shjgi u}m mg }g qsjgljqji fi km fseg elmq{eljg$ ne|{e u}m |m ekiq{
km `ishe }ggjhm md km `{cid'
Nelm =1 ei|$ de h~jhe jg`d}mglje kmd dmgf}eom `}{cid|{jli$ e {sep| km |}|
sm{seg|hj|jigm| sekji`gjle|$ lissj e lesfi km He{e| Qse{|$ qeksm$ z kmd km|eqesmljki
Mgsju}m Hesje|' Mddi| el}esig }gi| {shjgi| u}m lig md {jmhqi neg jki
km|eqesmljmgki qe}de{jgehmg{m ne|{e kmoes |j{ji e di| el{}edm|' L}egki$ edd e `jgedm| kmd
|jfdi ^J^ di| jgfdm|m|$ e {sep| km de| ig}cmg|m| hjge| km Si{jg{i$ jg{sik}omsig md
`{cid mg g}m|{si qe|$ {ehcjg eqis{esig |} dmgf}e ed pilec}desji km m|{m kmqis{m' Km
en u}m$ ne|{e cjmg mg{seki md |jfdi ^^$ |m ceseoeseg qedecse| {edm| lihi he{ln
.qes{jki*$ fied .fid*$ `jmdk .lehqi*$ {meh| .mu}jqi|*$ sm`msmm .scj{si*$ |nii{ .{jsi*$
i``|jkm .`}mse km o}mfi*$ fied(bmmqms .qis{msi*$ celb .km`mg|e*$ ned`(celb .hmkji*$
`isvesk .kmdeg{msi*$ qmged{z z lisgms .|eu}m km m|u}jge*$ mg{sm h}lni| i{si|'
E hmkjke u}m qe|eceg di| ei|$ h}lne| km m|{e| qedecse| `}msig |}|{j{}jke| qis |}
lissm|qigkjmg{m {sek}lljg$ e}gu}m n}ci edf}ge| u}m ef}eg{esig qis |} csmpmkek
.lisgms$ qmged{z z$ mg ljms{e hmkjke$ he{ln* i cjmg `}msig m|qeidjeke| .is|ez qis
i``|jkm z djgjmsm|*' Di| ze hmgljigeki| Hesje| z Qse{| eqis{esig e {sep| km de| igke|
|} qml}djes `ishe km {seg|hj{js |mg|eljigm| elmsle km edfi u}m gi |m pme z
qiq}desjesig `se|m| z {shjgi| gi m~mg{i| km qde|{jljkek lihi cm|es de| hedde|
.l}egki md cedg mg{sece mg de qis{mse*$ lehqmes mg md heslekis .sm`jsjgki|m ed
sm|}d{eki*$ h~jhi le|{jfi z q}g{i `e{kjli .ed necdes kmd qmged{z*$ {smgljdde
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]GJKEK KJKL[JLE 5>? DE\ PESJMKEKM\ KM DE DMGF]E
.scj{si*$ {sepm|ei .desf}msi*$ {mgkjki km di| |e|{sm| .m|qml{ekism| u}m gi qe|eceg
qis {eu}jdde*$ cislmf}m| .ci{e|*$ lehj|ide.lehj|m{e*$ sm|qm{ecdm .qcdjli*$
ef}msi .km`mg|e*$ esjm{m .kmdeg{msi lmg{si* m{l{mse$ m{l{mse'
Km eu}mdde qile neg qmsk}seki ne|{e g}m|{si| ke| edf}gi| {shjgi| lihi l}msi$
e}gu}m m| icpji u}m enise md cedg gi |m `ecsjle mg m|{m he{msjed$ qmdi{e$ smk}ljmgki
jgpid}g{esjehmg{m md {ehei kmd m|`sjli$ i kmscz qese km|jfges di| mg`smg{ehjmg{i|
mg{sm ekpms|esji| km qsi~jhjkek fmifs`jle i eu}mddi| e di| u}m mg`smg{e }ge eg{jf}e
sjpedjkek'
Ne |jki mg di| d{jhi| ei| l}egki md d~jli kmd `{cid |m pji jg}gkeki qis edf}ge|
m~qsm|jigm| u}m di| e`jljigeki| neg {mgjki u}m e|jhjdes qili e qili' Qis momhqdi$
sices de les{mse$ .mu}jpedmg{m e il}qes }ge qi|jljgkm qsjpjdmfji*$ kj|qeses km si|le
.{jses lig m`ml{i*$ nelms }g |ihcsmsi .mdmpes md cedg qis mgljhe kmd sjped z lig{sidesdi
e |} m|qedke* o}fes km mgfeglnm .nelmsdi mg{sm di| hmkji| z di| kmdeg{msi|*$ nelms
}ge qesmk .lihcjgeljg mg{sm ki| i h| o}fekism| |}qmsegki e }g lig{sjgleg{m* z md
|jgf}des qigms }ge |i{ege .qe|es md m|`sjli qis mg{sm de| qjmsge| kmd ekpms|esji z
pidpms e lig{sidesdi*'
I{si| {shjgi| gipmki|i| |m sm`jmsmg e de| qi|jljigm| km di| o}fekism| mg md {mssmgi km
o}mfi$ lihi dcmsi$ hmkjeq}g{e$ lmg{silehqj|{e i lessjdmsi$ e di| eg{jf}i|
o}mlm| km dgme$ enise e}~jdjesm|$ e di| qi|{m| km de qis{mse lig sm|qml{i e de qi|jljg
kmd o}fekis$ kmgihjgeki| qedi lis{i$ md h| lmslegi$ z qedi desfi$ e de ligkjljg km
{sjfidmekis mg }g hj|hi qes{jki$ mg de u}m ne p}md{i e sml}ssjs|m e de {mshjgidifejgfdm|e qis hmkji km ne{({sjlb .dj{msedhmg{m {s}li km |ihcsmsi*$ i ed d{jhehmg{m mg
cife {sjkmg{m qese sm`msjs|m e {sm| o}fekism|$ fmgmsedhmg{m e{eleg{m|'
Omsfe `}{cid|{jle' Es{l}di q}cdjleki mgn{{q?))vvv'pj|{eiedeqsmg|e'lih
Sehg \glnm' Qmsjikj|{e
http://www.vistazoalaprensa.com/http://www.vistazoalaprensa.com/http://www.vistazoalaprensa.com/http://www.vistazoalaprensa.com/7/23/2019 UNIDAD DIDCTICA 18
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]GJKEK KJKL[JLE 5>? DE\ PESJMKEKM\ KM DE DMGF]E
53' LIDECISELJG LIG MD E[DE\ ISED KM DE VJBJ DMGF]E
Smkel{e }ge csmpm ligpms|eljg lig i{si lihqemsi)e mg de u}m |m sm`dmom md necde u}m
}{jdjj| gishedhmg{m mg p}m|{se pjke kjesje' Q}mkm pms|es |icsm l}edu}jms {mhe
.m|{}kji|$ ehj|{ekm|$ kmqis{m|$ `ehjdje$ qe|e{jmhqi|$ m{l{mse'''*$ |jmhqsm u}m m|lsjcj|
}g {m~{i u}m {seg|hj{e de ge{}sedjkek qsiqje kmd necde qiq}des' ]ge pm u}m nezj|
m|lsj{i de ligpms|eljg$ de {mgksj| u}m mg{smfes ed qsi`m|is z$ |jmhqsm u}m lig{mhi|
lig md lig|mg{jhjmg{i km p}m|{si| qeksm|$ de fsecesmhi| qese jglisqisesde ed e{de| ised
km de Vjbjdmgf}e kmd m|qeid' Md icom{jpi kmd e{de| ised m| qmshj{js u}m {iki| di|
nj|qeginecdeg{m| q}mkeg lig|{s}js lig |}| eqis{eljigm| }g smfj|{si km de| kj`msmg{m|
necde| kmd le|{mddegi$ diledjeke| mg }g heqe$ ed u}m |m q}mkmg js eekjmgki g}mpe|
fseceljigm| km |igjki'
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]GJKEK KJKL[JLE 5>? DE\ PESJMKEKM\ KM DE DMGF]E
5
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]GJKEK KJKL[JLE 5>? DE\ PESJMKEKM\ KM DE DMGF]E
5;' C]\LE QEDECSE\
[se| dmms md |jf}jmg{m es{l}di$ ne| km lde|j`jles de| qedecse| u}m |m neg jglisqiseki edg}mpi &Kjlljigesji m|mgljed km de dmgf}e& mg kj`msmg{m| {jqi| km omsfe' Qis momhqdi$
sml}mske di u}m nmhi| necdeki mg lde|m |icsm de omsfe kmd qmsjikj|hi kmqis{jpi'
Ekmh|$ sm|qigkm e de| |jf}jmg{m| qsmf}g{e|?
(U} |jfgj`jleg de| m~qsm|jigm| &m|{es ed disi& &pmgkms de c}sse&$ &lihms md {essi& i &pmgkmsde hi{i&9 U} m| }g lidiu}jedj|hi9
(C}|le mg md kjlljigesji md |jfgj`jleki km &qdlm{& z lig|{s}zm ki| iseljigm| lig m|m
|}|{eg{jpi' Km u} dmgf}e qsilmkm9
(Eekm h| {shjgi| qsiqji| km de omsfe kmqis{jpe u}m gi eqesmleg mg m|{m es{l}di'
(Smkel{e }g {m~{i lig jg{mgljg dj{msesje mg md u}m }{jdjlmg edf}ge| km de| gipmkekm|
d~jle| u}m smfj|{se md &Kjlljigesji m|mgljed km de dmgf}e&' Q}mkm| }{jdjes qedecse| lihi
qjs|jg$ zel}|j i lne{'
[m~{i m~{seki kmd qis{ed Mg le|{mddegi
.n{{q?))|mspjlji|'desjioe'lih)le|{mddegi)m|mgljed'n{hd*
Md m|qeid m|mgljed
[IH\ FESLE ZMCSE
Mg md h}gki nez h| km =11 hjddigm| km nj|qeginecdeg{m|' \jg mhcesfi$ gi |m necde mdhj|hi &m|qeid& mg H~jli u}m mg M|qee$ mg Esfmg{jge u}m mg @jdjqjge|$ mg F}e{mhede
7/23/2019 UNIDAD DIDCTICA 18
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]GJKEK KJKL[JLE 5>? DE\ PESJMKEKM\ KM DE DMGF]E
u}m mg M|{eki| ]gjki|' Leke ige fmifs`jle }{jdje pilecdi|$ hikj|hi|$ {mlgjlj|hi|
u}m |ig jglihqsmg|jcdm| qese md sm|{i km }|}esji|' Lig md icom{i km `joes di| pilecdi|
lih}gm| kmg{si km de lih}gjkek nj|qeginecdeg{m$ de Smed Elekmhje M|qeide .SEM* z
de E|iljeljg km Elekmhje| km de Dmgf}e M|qeide neg |eleki e de d} md Kjlljigesji
m|mgljed km de dmgf}e m|qeide .M|qe|e*$ }g pid}hmg u}m lig{jmgm =;'111 {shjgi| l}zi
|jfgj`jleki edlege e h| kmd >1- km de| qms|ige| u}m |m lih}gjleg mg m|qeid'
M|{ehi| eg{m }g {seceoi km |mdmlljg u}m qsjpjdmfje m|e ce|m lihg kigkm {iki| gi|
mglig{sehi|$ |}csez md kjsml{is km de SEM $ Pl{is Fesle km de Liglne'
Lig m|{e pms|jg smk}ljke km |} nmshegi hezis (|m `}gkehmg{e mg de ^^JJ mkjljg kmd
Kjlljigesji km de Smed Elekmhje M|qeide .KSEM*$ q}cdjleke mg md 3115($ de|
elekmhje| km di| qe|m| nj|qeginecdeg{m| qsm{mgkmg qigms ed edleglm kmd qcdjli mdd~jli h| pjpi z }gjpms|ed km M|qee z Ehsjle$ qsmlj| md |mlsm{esji fmgmsed km de
E|iljeljg km Elekmhje| km de Dmgf}e M|qeide$ N}hcms{i Dqm Hisedm|' Md
elekhjli Heg}md \mli$ e|m|is km de icse$ ec}gk mg m|{e jkme ed |medes u}m |m {se{e km
}g kjlljigesji km|qioeki km {ike| de| qedecse| eg{jf}e|$ km|`e|eke| z mg km|}|i'
@smg{m e de| >6'111 pilecdi| u}m lig{jmgm de mkjljg km 3115$ md Kjlljigesji m|mgljed |m
smk}lm e =;'111 m jglisqise de| gipmkekm| eqsiceke| qis de SEM km|km il{}csm kmd
3115 ne|{e o}dji kmd 3110' \} qsiq|j{i m| heg{mgms eu}mddi| {shjgi| u}m {jmgmg }|i
pmsj`jleki mg md m|qeid el{}ed' Qis mddi smlifm h| km ;'111 elmqljigm| g}mpe| z
53'111 momhqdi| u}m |m }{jdjeg li{jkjegehmg{m mg M|qee m Nj|qegiehsjle'
Mg{sm de| gipmkekm| u}m jglisqise `jf}seg pilm| lihi &ecsm`ljd&$ &seq&$ &q|j{&$
&|edpeqeg{edde&$ &`eskm&$ &c}dhjli&$ &kjfj{edjeljg&$ &lne{&$ &e}{ificjmsgi&$ &lez}li&$ &kjel&$
z m~qsm|jigm| lihi &he{es ed hmg|eomsi&$ &{mseqje il}qeljiged&$ &eli|i q|jlidfjli& i &fid
km isi&' M|{e d{jhe m~qsm|jg gi qesmlm h}z e`is{}geke$ q}m| de Jg{msge{jiged Ciesk.isfegj|hi kmqmgkjmg{m km de @j`e* |}qsjhj m|{e gishe `}{cid|{jle md 3> km `mcsmsi km
311;'
[ehcjg neg keki md qdlm{ e lidiu}jedj|hi| lihi &m|{es ed disi&$ &pmgkms de c}sse&$
&lihms md {essi& i &pmgkms de hi{i&' [ike| m|{e| pilm| z m~qsm|jigm| |m jglisqisesg e de
qs~jhe mkjljg kmd Kjlljigesji km de SEM$ u}m |m q}cdjles gi eg{m| km 315
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]GJKEK KJKL[JLE 5>? DE\ PESJMKEKM\ KM DE DMGF]E
De omsfe kmqis{jpe |m mgsju}m lig pilm| lihi &hmd& .ces}ddi*$ &{smges& .}ge o}feke* i
&leg{es& .}g qis{msi*' Mg l}eg{i e di| m~{segomsj|hi|$ md kjsml{is km de SEM smlihjmgke
u}m eu}mdde| qedecse| u}m {mgfeg mu}jpedmg{m mg m|qeid (hesle qis &slisk& i
qe{siljgekis qis &|qig|is&( |m qsjpjdmfjm de qedecse le|{mddege' \j di| m~{segomsj|hi| m|{g
h}z jhqdeg{eki| i gi sm|}d{e `ljd |}|{j{}jsdi|$ de| elekmhje| qegnj|qgjle|
smlihjmgkeg heg{mgms de fse`e isjfjged mg edf}ge| pilm| (&oe& i &|i`{vesm&($ mg lehcji
mg i{se|$ lihi cejq|$ zel}|j$ m|l{ms i qjs|jg$ qsiqigm le|{mddegjesde|' Sm|qml{i e de
qedecse &he{sjhigji&$ Km de Liglne kjoi u}m }ge nj|{isje km |jfdi| ne lig|efseki m|{m
{mshjgi lihi de }gjg km }g nihcsm z }ge h}oms' De| |iljmkekm| mpid}ljigeg z ze
pmsmhi|$ lig md qe|i kmd {jmhqi$ lhi mpid}ljige |} |jfgj`jleki'
De icse jgld}zm h| km 5'111 es{l}di| u}m gi `jf}seceg mg de d{jhe mkjljg kmd KSEMz pesji| eqgkjlm| |icsm is{ifse`e$ ligo}feljg z mdmhmg{i| lihqi|j{jpi|' De {jseke
kmd kjlljigesji$ e l}zi el{i km qsm|mg{eljg e|j|{j md Qsgljqm @mdjqm$ ne |jki km
311'111 momhqdesm| e }g li|{m km
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