Flexibility and Commitment in New Organisational Structures –Evidence from Eurofound
Juan Menéndez-Valdés, Director, Eurofound
6 October 2016
Structural change in the labour market
3
Employment growth by wage quintile in EU 1998 - 2013
Long term trend in high growth of well paid jobs – with some polarisation
Source: European Jobs Monitor
Low paid
Highpaid
Net employment change in selected Member States: mixed picture
Employment change (in thousands) by wage quintile in Spain, Austria, Italy 2011 Q2 – 2015 Q2
Upgrading Downgrading
Labour market change – two paradoxes
Demographic change -
labour shortages
Technological change – surplus of
labour
Fewer routine jobs
More routine in all jobs
(New) forms of employment
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 20158
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
Temporary
Part time & temporary employment as % of all employment
Source: EU:LFS
More part-time jobs but similar rates of temporary jobs in the EU
Part time
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 20158
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
Temporary
Temporary
Part time & temporary employment as % of all employment
Source: EU:LFS
More part-time jobs but similar rates of temporary jobs in the EU
Part time
Part time
Spain increase in part time… & decrease in temporary
Regularity of working hours (%) – High regularity still the norm
Bulgaria Malta Spain Germany EU28 Sweden Finland Denmark0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
HighMediumLow
Source: 6th European Working Conditions Survey (2015)
Employees Self-employed
Employment relationship
Work pattern
Employee sharing
Job sharing
Voucher-based work
Interim management
Casual work ICT-based mobile work
Portfolio work
Crowd
employment
Collaborative employment
11
Employee-sharing Job sharing
Interim-management Casual work
ICT-based mobile work
Voucher-based work
Portfoliowork
Crowd employment
Colla-borative employment
Social protection
Health and safety
Income
Bonus, fringe benefits
Length of working time
Flexibility
Work-life balance
Stress, work intensity
Career development
Training, skill development
Content of tasks, responsibilities
Autonomy, control
Integration in work organisation
Representation
Implications for working conditions
12
Employee-sharing
Job sharing
Interim-management
Casual work
ICT-based mobile work
Voucher-based work
Portfolio work
Crowd employ-ment
Colla-borative work
Job creation, job retention, crowding out of standard employment
Labour market integration
Segmentation of the labour market, social polarisation
Legalisation of employment
Increased attractiveness of the labour market
Upskilling of the labour force
Implications for the labour market
The company level
Results from the Third European Company Survey
Five groups of establishments
Systematic and
involving
(30%)
Externally oriented
(25%)
Top-down and
autonomous
(21%)
Interactive and
involving
(12%)
Passive management
(12%)
Combining work-place practices identified in the European Company Survey (ECS)
Source: 3rd European Company Survey
Well-being and performance of the five groups of establishments
-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
Systematic and involving Interactive and involving Externally oriented Top-down and internally oriented Passive management
Performance of establishment
Wor
kpla
ce w
ell-b
eing
Source: 3rd European Company Survey
FI SE AT UK DE EU28 ES EL HU HR0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Passive managementTop-down and internally oriented Externally oriented Interactive and involvingSystematic and involving
Type of establishment, selected countries (%)
Source: 3rd European Company Survey
Skills, discretion, engagement at the workplace
Data from the 6th European Working Conditions Survey
Skills and discretion index (0-100), selected countries
Greece Portugal Bulgaria Italy Spain EU28 Denmark Norway Finland0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Source: 6th European Working Conditions Survey (2015)
5655 6647
Working time quality index (0-100)
60
62
64
66
68
70
72
74
76
706766 73
Thank you for your attentionFor more information
www.eurofound.europa.eu
21
Job growth by type of contract in Europe, 2011-2015 Part-time jobs growth in all wage quintiles Growth in self employment and permanent only in top wage quintile
Source: European Jobs Monitor
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 700
5
10
15
20
25
30
atbe
bg
cy
czdk
ee
el
es
fifr
huie
it
lt
lu
lv
nl
pl
pt
ro
sesi
skuk
R² = 0.49022701271067
Transition rate: from temporary to permanent
Tem
pora
ry e
mpl
oym
ent r
ate
When temporary employment rates are high transitions out of temporary employment are low - segmentation
Eurofound (2016) “Recent developments in temporary employment: Employment growth, wages and transitions”
Selected indicators for use of creativity and task variety, EU 28 (%)
Non-monotonous tasks
Non-repetitive tasks Complex tasks Learning new things Applying own ideas Solving unforeseen problems
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
2005 2010 2015
Source: 6th European Working Conditions Survey (2015)
Break of less than 11 hours between two working days, by country (%)
Spain
Norway
Swed
en
Denmark
Finlan
d
Albania
Monten
egro
EU28Fra
nce
Netherl
ands
United
King
dom
Roman
iaMalt
aSe
rbia
Sloven
iaIre
land
Switz
erland
Czech
Repub
lic
Lithu
aniaTu
rkey
Belgium
Eston
ia
Luxe
mbourg
Austria
German
y
Hunga
ryPo
land
Slova
kia ItalyFY
ROMGree
ce
Croatia
Portu
galLa
tvia
Cyprus
Bulgari
a0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Self-employed Employees
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