vH;kl lkxj(d{kk & NBh)
izdk'ku foHkkx
Mh-,-oh- dkWyst izca/oQ=khZ lfefrfp=kxqIr ekxZ] u;h fnYyh&110055
fo"k;&lwph
Øe la[;k ikB dk uke O;kdj.k fo"k; i`"B la[;k
1- lkFkh gkFk c<+kuk mPpkj.k ,oa rqdkar 'kCn 01
2- fpV~Bh osQ v{kj vuqLokj ,oa vuqukfld 06
3- cjlrs ty osQ :i vusd laKk o Hksn 14
4- iqjLdkj loZuke o Hksn 19
5- lh[kks Mk;jh ys[ku 25
6- vuks[kk ojnku fo'ks"k.k 26
7- lqanj yky ^j* osQ fofHkUu :i 33
8- utkuw dfo cuk fojke&fpg~u 39
9- nksgs vusdkFkhZ 'kCn 45
10- iksaxy dky 49
11- rsukyhjke us pksjksa dks mYyw cuk;k Mk;jh ys[ku 55
12- nl vkeksa dh dher uqDrk dk iz;ksx 56
13- vuks[kh nkSM+ milxZ 62
14- ,d jksekapd ;k=kk dkjd 68
15- ifjJe le:ih fHkUukFkZd 'kCn 74
16- /ku dk egRRo foKkiu 81
17- ;k=kk vkSj ;k=kh izR;; 82
18- iap ijes'oj fozQ;k 89
19- floaQnj vkSj lk/q laokn ys[ku 95
20- vk;k olar fofo/ 'kCn&iz;ksx 96
1
lkFkh gkFk c<+kuk
vH;kl
1
mPpkj.k ,oa rqdkar 'kCn
lkFkh gkFk c<+kuk]
,d vosQyk Fkd tk,xk] feydj cks> mBkukA
lkFkh gkFk c<+kukA
ge esgurokyksa us tc Hkh] feydj dne c<+k;k]
lkxj us jLrk NksM+k] ijcr us lhl >qdk;k]
IkQkSyknh gSa lhus vius] IkQkSyknh gSa ck¡gsa]
ge pkgsa rks pV~Vkuksa esa iSnk dj nsa jkgsa]
lkFkh gkFk c<+kukA
1- mQij nh xbZ iafDr;ksa esa vk, eksVs dkys
'kCnksa dks tksM+s osQ :i esa fyf[k,μ
(d) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
vc bu 'kCnksa dks cksy&cksydj if<+,A
;kn jf[k,μ yxHkx leku mPpkj.k okys 'kCnksa osQ iz;ksx dks rqdkar 'kCn
dgrs gSaA tSlsμc<+kuk] mBkuk
+ +
2
2- iz'u 1 esa fn, x, mnkgj.kksa osQ vfrfjDr dfork esa vk, dksbZ vU; rqdkar 'kCnksa osQ
tksM+s fyf[k,μ
(d) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (x) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (?k) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3- uhps fn, x, 'kCnksa osQ rqdkar okys 'kCn fyf[k,μ
(d) tk,xk μ -------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------
([k) dy μ -------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------
(x) NksM+k μ -------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------
(?k) pgd μ -------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------
(Ä) ctkuk μ -------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------
4- uhps fn, x, 'kCn&lewgksa esa ls lgh 'kCnksa ij ?ksjk yxkb,μ
(d) vfo"dkj vkfo"dkj vkfo'dkj
([k) vfHkyk'kk vHkhyk"kk vfHkyk"kk
(x) O;Drh O;fDr o;fDr
(?k) ijh.kke ifjuke ifj.kke
(Ä) eqfu equh ewfu
5- uhps fn, x, 'kCnksa dks è;ku ls if<+,μ
o`Q".k fdLer pV~Vkuksa
mi;qZDr 'kCnksa esa mu o.kks± ij ?ksjk yxkb, ftuesa dksbZ Loj ugha gSA
;kn jf[k,μ tc nks ;k rhu O;atuksa osQ chp dksbZ Loj ugha gksrk rks os lg;ksxh
;k la;qDr :i ls fy[ks tkrs gSaA bUgsa la;qDr O;atu vFkok O;atu xqPN Hkh dgk
tkrk gSA
3
vc uhps fn, x, fp=kksa osQ lkeus muosQ os uke fyf[k,] ftuesa la;qDr O;atuksa dk
iz;ksx gqvk gksμ
(d) μ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) μ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) μ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) μ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Ä) μ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
vkvks nksgjk,¡
6- uhps fn, x, 'kCnksa dks vkSj D;k dgrs gSa\ fyf[k,μ
(d) jLrk -------------------------------------------------------- fdLer
([k) ijcr -------------------------------------------------------- jkLrk
(x) ys[k -------------------------------------------------------- 'kh'k
(?k) nfj;k -------------------------------------------------------- ioZr
(Ä) lhl -------------------------------------------------------- lkxj
4
7- uhps fn, x, 'kCnksa osQ myVs vFkZ okys 'kCn fyf[k,μ
(d) ,d μ -------------------------------------------------------- (x) lp μ --------------------------------------------------------
([k) vius μ -------------------------------------------------------- (?k) nq[k μ --------------------------------------------------------
8- uhps fn, x, 'kCnkas ls okD; cukb,μ
(d) lkFkh μ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) esgur μ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) ussd μ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) vosQyk μ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9- uhps fn, x, nks&nks 'kCnksa dk bl izdkj okD;ksa esa iz;ksx dhft, fd muosQ vFkZ esa
varj Li"V gks losQμ
(d) irk μ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
iRrk μ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) cpk μ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
cPpk μ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) leku μ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
lEeku μ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5
vkvks fy[ksa
10- esgur vkSj fey&tqydj dke djus osQ egRRo ij 100&150 'kCnksa esa vuqPNsn
fyf[k,μ
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6
● fpV~Bh osQ uhps laiknd osQ gLrk{kj FksA ● fpV~Bh dh fy[kkoV cM+h lqanj FkhA ● esjs eq¡g ls
vuk;kl gh fudy iM+kμokg! cM+h lqanj fy[kkoV gSA ● vki rks esjs eu dh ckr Hkk¡i x,A
1- Åij fn, x, okD;ksaa esa ls mu 'kCnksa dks Nk¡Vdj fyf[k, ftu ij fcanq yxk gS vFkok
paæfcanq yxk gSμ
fcanq okys 'kCn paæfcanq okys 'kCn
----------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------
2- fcanq okys 'kCnkas esa ftl o.kZ ij fcanq yxk gS] mls cksyus osQ ckn vkok”k dgk¡ ls
fudyrh gS\ mfpr mRrj ij lgh (✓✓✓✓✓) dk fu'kku yxkb,μ
eq¡g ls ukd ls eq¡g ,oa ukd] nksuksa ls
fpV~Bh osQ v{kj
vH;kl
2
vuqLokj ,oa vuqukfld
7
3- paæfcanq okys 'kCnksaa eas ftl v{kj ij paæfcanq yxk gS] mls cksyrs le; vkok”k dgk¡
ls fudyrh gS\ mfpr mRrj ij lgh (✓✓✓✓✓) dk fu'kku yxkb,μ
eq¡g ls ukd ls eq¡g ,oa ukd] nksuksa ls
4- vc uhps nh xbZ o.kZekyk dks iwjk dhft,μ
o.kZ igyk o.kZ nwljk o.kZ rhljk o.kZ pkSFkk o.kZ ik¡pok¡ o.kZ
d oxZ d ------------------------------- ------------------------------- ------------------------------- -------------------------------
p oxZ p ------------------------------- ------------------------------- ------------------------------- -------------------------------
V oxZ V ------------------------------- ------------------------------- ------------------------------- -------------------------------
r oxZ r ------------------------------- ------------------------------- ------------------------------- -------------------------------
i oxZ i ------------------------------- ------------------------------- ------------------------------- -------------------------------
5- D;k vki tkurs gSa fd oqQN 'kCnksa dks nks izdkj ls fy[kk tkrk gSA
uhps fn, x, 'kCnkas dks if<+, vkSj le>us dk iz;kl dhft,μ
(d) vÄ~d μ vad
([k) p×py μ papy
(x) B.Mk μ BaMk
(?k) pUnk μ pank
(Ä) iEi μ iai
;kn jf[k,μ 'kCn osQ nksuksa :i lgh gSaA exj vktdy 'kCnksa dks ekud
:i esa nwljs izdkj ls fy[kk tkrk gSA (vad] papy] BaMk] pank] iai 'kCn
ekud :i eas gSaA)
6- vkb,] vc bu 'kCnkas osQ vk/kj ij fcanq yxkus osQ fu;e dks le>saμ
(d) ^pUnk* 'kCn eas vk/k o.kZ dkSu&lk gS\ ----------------------------------
([k) ;g ik¡pok¡ o.kZ fdl oxZ dk gS\ ----------------------------------
8
(x) ik¡posa o.kZ osQ ckn dkSu&lk o.kZ gS\ ----------------------------------
(?k) ik¡posa o.kZ osQ ckn okyk o.kZ fdl oxZ dk gS\ ----------------------------------
(Ä) D;k ik¡pok¡ o.kZ vkSj mlosQ ckn okyk o.kZ ,d gh oxZ osQ gSa\ ----------------------------------
(p) ^pank* 'kCn eas ik¡posa o.kZ osQ LFkku ij fdldk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gS\ ----------------------------------
(N) D;k ^pUnk* 'kCn osQ ik¡posa o.kZ esa ^v* Loj gS\ ----------------------------------
;kn jf[k,μ ;fn ik¡posa o.kZ osQ ckn okyk o.kZ mlh osQ oxZ dk dksbZ vU;o.kZ gks rks ml ik¡posa o.kZ dh txg fcanq (μ) dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA ;gfcanq ik¡posa o.kZ ls igys okys o.kZ ij yxk;k tkrk gSA bl fcanq dks vuqLokjdgk tkrk gSA
7- uhps fn, x, 'kCnksa eas ik¡posa o.kZ osQ LFkku ij ^vquLokj* fpg~u (μ) yxkb,μ(d) jÄ~x μ -------------------------------------------- (p) fnukÄ~d μ --------------------------------------------
([k) e×tu μ -------------------------------------------- (N) i×pe μ --------------------------------------------
(x) M.Mk μ -------------------------------------------- (t) if.Mr μ --------------------------------------------
(?k) vUr μ -------------------------------------------- (>) xUnk μ --------------------------------------------
(Ä) dEiu μ -------------------------------------------- (×k) vEcj μ --------------------------------------------
8- uhps fn, x, 'kCnksa esa mnkgj.k osQ vuqlkj lgh LFkku ij ^vuqLokj* (μ) fpg~uyxkb, vkSj okD; cukb,μmnkgj.k% jx μ jax
(d) xnk μ ----------------------------------------- ([k) fprk μ -----------------------------------------
okD;&iz;ksxmnkgj.k% jax μ lq'khyk yky jax osQ iwQy ykbZ FkhA
(d) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
-
9
9- uhps fn, x, fp=kksa osQ uke ekud :i esa fyf[k,μ
(d) μ --------------------------------------- (p) μ ---------------------------------------
([k) μ --------------------------------------- (N) μ ---------------------------------------
(x) μ --------------------------------------- (t) μ ---------------------------------------
(?k) μ --------------------------------------- (>) μ ---------------------------------------
(Ä) μ --------------------------------------- (×k) μ ---------------------------------------
10- ;fn ik¡posa o.kZ osQ ckn okyk o.kZ mlh oxZ dk u gks] ftl oxZ dk ik¡pok¡ o.kZ gSvFkok ogh ik¡pok¡ o.kZ nqckjk vk, rks D;k gksxk\ vkb,] fn, x, mnkgj.kksaa ls blsle>saμmnkgj.k% (tUe] lEeku] fHkUu)
(d) ^tUe* 'kCn esa dkSu&ls ik¡posa o.kZ esa ^v* Loj ugha gS\ ----------------------------------------------
([k) blosQ ckn okyk o.kZ fdl oxZ dk gS\ ---------------------------------------------
(x) D;k nksuksaa osQ oxZ leku gSa\ ---------------------------------------------
(?k) ^lEeku* ,oa ^fHkUu* 'kCnkas esa dkSu&ls o.kZ nks ckj vk, gSa\ ---------------------------------------------
(Ä) ;s o.kZ vius&vius oxZ osQ dkSu&ls LFkku osQ o.kZ gSa\ ---------------------------------------------
10
;kn jf[k,μ ;fn ik¡posa o.kZ osQ ckn fdlh nwljs oxZ dk o.kZ vk, vFkok oghik¡pok¡ o.kZ nqckjk vk, rks vuqLokj fpg~u (μ) dk iz;ksx ugha fd;k tk,xkA
11- uhps oqQN 'kCn fn, x, gSaA ftu 'kCnksa esa vuqLokj fpg~u (μ) dk iz;ksx fd;k tk,xk]muosQ lkeus ^gk¡* rFkk ftu 'kCnkas esa vuqLokj fpg~u (μ) dk iz;ksx ugha fd;k tk,xk]muosQ lkeus ^ugha* fyf[k,μ
(d) lqUnj μ ----------------------------------- (?k) iÄ~dt μ -----------------------------------
([k) vUu μ ----------------------------------- (Ä) i×Nh μ -----------------------------------
(x) lEekfur μ ----------------------------------- (p) v{kq..k μ -----------------------------------
12- uhps [kaM I ,oa II esa oqQN 'kCn fn, x, gSaA bu 'kCnksa dks cksy&cksydj if<+,μ
I II
ck/k ck¡/klkl lk¡ldkVk dk¡Vklokj l¡okj
(d) [kaM I osQ 'kCnksa osQ igys v{kj dks cksyrs le; vkok”k dgk¡ ls fudyrh gS\
mfpr mRrj ij lgh (✓✓✓✓✓) dk fu'kku yxkb,μ
eq¡g ls ukd ls eq¡g ,oa ukd] nksuksa ls
([k) [kaM II osQ 'kCnksa osQ igys v{kj dks cksyrs le; vkok”k dgk¡ ls fudyrh gS\
mfpr mRrj ij lgh (✓✓✓✓✓) dk fu'kku yxkb,μ
eq¡g ls ukd ls eq¡g ,oa ukd] nksuksaa ls
(x) ftu 'kCnksa dks cksyrs le; vkok”k eq¡g ,oa ukd nksuksa ls fudyrh gS] muosQ Åij
D;k yxk gqvk gS\
--
-
11
;kn jf[k,μ tc fdlh o.kZ dks cksyrs le; vkok”k eq¡g ,oa ukd nksuksa ls fudyrhgS rks ml o.kZ osQ Åij panzfcanq (μ) yxk;k tkrk gSA panzfcanq dks O;kdj.k dh Hkk"kkesa vuqukfld dgk tkrk gSA
13- uhps fn, x, 'kCnksa esa mfpr LFkku ij ^vuqukfld* fpg~u (μ) yxkb, vkSj okD;
cukb,μ
mnkgj.k% iwN μ iw¡N
(d) vk/h μ ------------------------------------------------------- (x) lokj μ -------------------------------------------------------
([k) dgk μ ------------------------------------------------------- (?k) pkVk μ -------------------------------------------------------
okD;&iz;ksx
mnkgj.k% iw¡N μ xk; viuh iw¡N ls efD[k;k¡ mM+k jgh FkhA
(d) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
14- uhps fn, x, 'kCnksa dks cksy&cksydj if<+,μ
iqLrosaQ] lM+osaQ] fp=kksa] iQyksa] fpV~fB;ksa
(d) bu 'kCnksa osQ vafre v{kj dks cksyrs le; vkok”k dgk¡ ls fudyrh gS\ -----------------------------
([k) igys crk, x, fu;e osQ vuqlkj bu v{kjksa ij dkSu&lk fpg~u vkuk ------------------------------
pkfg, Fkk\
(x) bu vafre v{kjksa ij dkSu&lk fpg~u vk;k gS\ ------------------------------
¡
¡
12
;kn jf[k,μ;fn fdlh o.kZ dks cksyrs le; vkok”k eq¡g ,oa ukd] nksuksa ls fudys]exj f'kjksjs[kk (μ) osQ Åij dksbZ ek=kk gks rks ogk¡ vuqukfld (μ) dh txg vuqLokj(μ) fpg~u dk iz;ksx fd;k tk,xkA
15- uhps fn, x, 'kCnksa esa vuqLokj (μ) vFkok vuqukfld (μ) fpg~u yxkb,μ
(d) liknd (?k) iwN (N) ekykvks
([k) eSus (Ä) oqQflZ;k (t) dkjs
(x) frfFk;k (p) lqnj (>) Åpk
vkvks nksgjk,¡
16- uhps fn, x, 'kCnksa osQ lgh :i fyf[k,μ
(d) dkS/us μ ------------------------------------------------ (?k) fdft, μ -------------------------------------------------
([k) lIrkfgd μ ------------------------------------------------- (Ä) iwjrh μ -------------------------------------------------
(x) elfr'd μ ------------------------------------------------- (p) iM+xk μ -------------------------------------------------
17- uhps fn, x, 'kCnksaa osQ cgqopu :i fyf[k,μ
(d) ckr μ ---------------------------------------------------- (?k) dfork μ ----------------------------------------------------
([k) oqQlhZ μ ---------------------------------------------------- (Ä) lk/q dks μ ----------------------------------------------------
(x) gkFk ij μ ---------------------------------------------------- (p) dgkuh μ ----------------------------------------------------
-¡
Kkr jgsμ
oqQN 'kCn ,dopu vkSj cgqopu :i esa ,d tSls jgrs gSaA ijarq ̂ dkjd fpg~u*
vk tkus ij os ^kas* osQ :i esa vkrs gSa] tSlsμ
● gkFkμgkFk ● ?kjμ?kj
● gkFk ijμgkFkksa ij ● ?kj esaμ?kjksa esaa
-¡
13
18- ik¡poha d{kk dh okf"kZd ijh{kk nsrs le; vkius fdu&fdu dfBukb;ksa dk lkeuk
fd;kμbuosQ ckjs esa crkrs gq, vius fe=k dks i=k fyf[k,μ
ijh{kk -----------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------
fnukad μ
fiz; fe=k -------------------------------------
e/qj Le`fr!
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rqEgkjk fe=k@l[kh--------------------------------------------------------------
vkvks fy[ksa
14
cjlrs ty osQ :i vusd
vH;kl
3
laKk o Hksn
jk?ko] ijehr] ”kIkQj vkSj veu eSnku esa [ksy jgs FksA veu osQ nknkth nwj ls cPpksa dks [ksyrs gq,
ns[k jgs FksA os cgqr izlUu Fks fd lHkh cPps bZekunkjh ls fey&tqydj [ksy jgs gSaA xsan ls [ksyus
dk flyflyk vHkh 'kq: gh gqvk Fkk fd vpkud fctyh pedus yxhA
1- Åij fn, x, vuqPNsn esa ls laKk 'kCn Nk¡Vdj fyf[k,μ
--------------------------- --------------------------- --------------------------- --------------------------- ---------------------------
--------------------------- --------------------------- --------------------------- --------------------------- ---------------------------
2- vc bu laKk 'kCnksa dks uhps nh xbZ Jsf.k;ksa esa fyf[k,μ
O;fDrokpd laKk
15
tkfrokpd laKk
Hkkookpd laKk
lef>, vkSj ;kn jf[k,μ
• fdlh Hkh O;fDr] oLrq] LFkku] tkfr ;k Hkko osQ uke dks laKk dgrs gSA
• ftu 'kCnksa ls fdlh fo'ks"k oLrq] fo'ks"k O;fDr ;k fo'ks"k inkFkZ dh lwpuk feys] mUgsaO;fDrokpd laKk dgrs gSaA mnkgj.kμjkgqy] fnYyh
• ftu 'kCnksa ls fdlh oLrq] LFkku] ;k inkFkZ dh tkfr dh lwpuk feys] mUgsatkfrokpd laKk dgrs gSaA mnkgj.kμd{kk] iqLrd
• ftu 'kCnksa ls fdlh Hkko dh lwpuk feys] mUgsa Hkkookpd laKk dgrs gSaAmnkgj.kμcpiu] cq<+kik
3- uhps fn, x, okD;ksa esa O;fDrokpd laKk 'kCnksa ij ?ksjk yxkb,μ
(d) lHkh yM+fd;ksa us ehuk dks mlosQ izFke vkus ij c/kbZ nhA
([k) jfo us NksVs ckyd dks Mwcus ls cpk;kA
(x) fnYyh Hkkjr dh jkt/kuh gSA
(?k) veu nkSM+dj ?kj esa ?kql x;kA
(Ä) rktegy cgqr lqanj gSA
4- uhps fn, x, okD;ksa esa tkfrokpd laKk 'kCnksa ij ?ksjk yxkb,μ
(d) i{kh pgpgk jgs FksA
([k) lksgu isM+ dh ?kuh Nk;k esa lks x;kA
16
(x) Hkkjr egku ns'k gSA
(?k) os oqQlhZ ij cSB x;kA
(Ä) gesa gjh lfC”k;k¡ [kkuh pkfg,A
5- uhps fn, x, okD;ksa esa Hkkookpd laKk 'kCnksa ij ?ksjk yxkb,μ
(d) uhe osQ isM+ dh mQ¡pkbZ cgqr ”;knk gSA
([k) ek¡ dh eerk dk dksbZ eksy ugha gSA
(x) jlxqYys esa feBkl gSA
(?k) ”;knk dke djus ls eq>s FkdkoV gks jgh gSA
6- uhps nks [kaM fn, x, gSaμO;fDrokpd laKk ,oa tkfrokpd laKkA buesa oqQN laKk 'kCn
fn, x, gSaA mnkgj.k osQ vuqlkj [kaMksa esa O;fDrokpd ,oa tkfrokpd laKk fyf[k,μ
tkfrokpd laKk O;fDrokpd laKk
(d) -------------------unh---------------------- ---------------------xaxk--------------------
([k) ------------------ ioZr-------------------- -------------------fgeky;-------------
(x) -------------------yM+dh--------------- -------------------------------------------------
(?k) -------------------fdrkc--------------- -------------------------------------------------
(Ä) -------------------ns'k----------------------- -------------------------------------------------
(p) ------------------------------------------------- -------------------eksgu-------------------
(N) ------------------------------------------------- -------------------iatkc-------------------
7- uhps fn, x, 'kCnksaa ls Hkkookpd laKk cukb,μ
(d) cPpk μ ----------------------------------------------------
([k) cw<+k μ ----------------------------------------------------
17
(x) vehj μ ----------------------------------------------------
(?k) lq[kh μ ----------------------------------------------------
(Ä) ohj μ ----------------------------------------------------
8- uhps fn, x, vuqPNsn dks mfpr laKk 'kCnksa ls iwjk dhft,μ
ehuk i<+kbZ esa cgqr gksf'k;kj gSA og viuh --------------------------------------- esa ges'kk izFke vkrh gSA
mlosQ lHkh -------------------------------------------- mldh cgqr rkjhIkQ djrs gSaA --------------------------------------------- dks
--------------------------- dh lqxa/ cgqr Hkkrh gSA mlus vius ----------------------------------- eas rjg&rjg osQ -----------------
vkSj ------------------------------------ yxk j[ks gSaaA og ------------------------------------ dks jks”k ------------------------------------ nssrh gS vkSj
vPNh rjg ns[kHkky djrh gSA
vkvks nksgjk,¡
9- uhps fn, x, 'kCnksa dks muosQ leku vFkZ okys 'kCnksa ls feykb,μ
^d* ^[k*
ty ekuo
isM+ vkleku
euq"; ikuh
vkdk'k o`{k
10- uhps fn, x, 'kCnksa osQ foykse 'kCn (myVs vFkZ okys 'kCn) fyf[k,μ
(d) lq[kh μ ----------------------------------------------- (?k) loky μ -----------------------------------------------
([k) thou μ ----------------------------------------------- (Ä) Å¡pk μ -----------------------------------------------
(x) vkjaHk μ ----------------------------------------------- (p) vf/d μ -----------------------------------------------
+
18
11- uhps fn, x, 'kCnksa osQ fyax cnydj fyf[k,μ
(d) yM+dh μ ----------------------------------------------- (?k) ekyh μ -----------------------------------------------
([k) uj μ ----------------------------------------------- (Ä) lqukj μ -----------------------------------------------
(x) L=kh μ ----------------------------------------------- (p) xk; μ -----------------------------------------------
vkvks fy[ksa
12- uhps fn, x, laKk 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx djrs gq, ,d vuqPNsn fyf[k,μ
ykyfdyk] cPps] iwQy] isM+&ikS/s] [kkuk] ikuh
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