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8/2/2019 Buenas Prcticas de Carcter Tcnico en Viticultura
9/58;
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8/2/2019 Buenas Prcticas de Carcter Tcnico en Viticultura
10/58>7
Nl`sf K, J`}ukhkznakl Zkn
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8/2/2019 Buenas Prcticas de Carcter Tcnico en Viticultura
11/58>>
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8/2/2019 Buenas Prcticas de Carcter Tcnico en Viticultura
13/58>1
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8/2/2019 Buenas Prcticas de Carcter Tcnico en Viticultura
14/58>5
WHNIN &@LJ@]B@ENE
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8/2/2019 Buenas Prcticas de Carcter Tcnico en Viticultura
15/58>0
WHNIN &@LJ@]B@ENE
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E`u`aakl e` w}kb`}nq aflunbklnakfl`q#bnl" acnq e` na`ku`+( nhanln"
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@qu}nu`iknq e` u}nunb,?" M}fu`q 3">7 ab," Klkakf Jhf}nakl," I}nlf unbnf ipkqnlu`," Klkakf @lz`}f,
AFLU]FH ^PBKAFBNU@]KNQ NAUKZNQ#]`qu}kaakfl`q+
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8/2/2019 Buenas Prcticas de Carcter Tcnico en Viticultura
16/58>:
WHNIN &@LJ@]B@ENE
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Fmq`}znakl e` enfq ep}nlu` hnm}funakl( { `l qn}bk`lufq( cfonq {}nakbfq `l `h w`}kfef z`i`unukzf,
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8/2/2019 Buenas Prcticas de Carcter Tcnico en Viticultura
17/58>9
WHNIN &@LJ@]B@ENE
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W}fepaufq e` aflunauf?
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8/2/2019 Buenas Prcticas de Carcter Tcnico en Viticultura
18/58>3
W}fepaufq e` aflunauf?
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@l qkupnakfl`q `sa`wakflnh`q f lf aflu`bwhnenq `l `qu` Nl`sf( w}`zkn npuf}knakl wf} `qa}kuf e`h Klqukupufe` Anhkene e` Hn ]kfon #KA]+( wfe} cna`}q` pqf e` fu}nq bnu`}knq naukznq `sw}`qnb`lu` npuf}knenq `l `h aphukzf,
@l ufefq hfq anqfq( `h Ualkaf }`qwflqnmh` e` hn `swhfunakl( z`}kjkan} hn zki`lakn e` hnq npuf}knakfl`q {
aflekakfl`q e` pqf e` hfq w}fepaufq jf}bphnefq ~p` }`afbk`len nh ni}kaphuf}( afl `h jkl e` `zkun} pqfqklne`apnefq e` hfq bkqbfq,
8/2/2019 Buenas Prcticas de Carcter Tcnico en Viticultura
19/58>;
W]@WN]NAKL E@H U@]]@LFHn kbwhnlunakl e`h zk`ef `q hn jnq` klkaknh e`h akahf e` zken e` hn zke, @h ukwf e` qp`hf `q pl jnauf}e`u`}bklnlu` `l qp jpup}f e`qn}}fhhf( lf fmqunlu` hnq ualkanq e` w}`wn}nakl e`h u`}}`lf znl nkljhpk} e` jf}bn qkilkjkanukzn, Qfl `h aflopluf e` w}aukanq e`quklnenq n a}`n} { bnlu`l`} pl b`ekfjnzf}nmh` wn}n `h a}`akbk`luf { naukzkene e` hnq }na`q { jnakhkun} hnq fw`}nakfl`q aphup}nh`q`qunmh`ak`lef pl mp`l `~pkhkm}kf jqkaf( ~pbkaf { mkfhikaf e`h qp`hf,
Hfq anbmkfq ~p` h cfbm}` w}naukan l h pqf e`h qp`hf w}fzfanl pl kbwnauf nbmk`lunh qkilkjkanukzf,Nbwhknq }`nq aphukznenq `l q`anlf hnq cnl u}nqjf}bnef `l }`inef( { i}nle`q bnqnq e` apmk`}unz`i`unh npuaufln cnl qkef e`jf}`qunenq wn}n qp pqf ni}afhn afbf aflq`ap`lakn e` plnklu`lqkjkanakl e` hn ni}kaphup}n, Ekacfq anbmkfq kljhp{`l `l hn `}fqkl e`h qp`hf { `l hfq w}fa`qfq
e` e`q`}ukjkanakl( ~p` q` wp`e` aflqke`}n} afbf `h `bwfm}`akbk`luf e` hfq `afqkqu`bnq u`}}`qu}`qwf} `h kbwnauf cpbnlf,
Hfq qp`hfq zfhpakflnl bp{ h`lunb`lu`( wf} hf unluf qk h b`ekf lnup}nh anbmkn afbf aflq`ap`lakne` naupnakfl`q e`h cfbm}`( hnq w}fwk`ene`q { hnq an}nau`}qukanq bna}fbf}jfhikanq ` klahpqf hnukwfhfin e` bpacfq qp`hfq( wp`e`l zn}kn} `lf}b`b`lu` wpek`lef hh`in} klahpqf n q`} k}}`z`}qkmh`,
Hn e`qu}paakl e` hn z`i`unakl lnup}nh( hn u}nlqjf}bnakl `l }`inef( `h wnquf}`f `sa`qkzf( hn}`nhknakl e` w}aukanq e` aphukzf klne`apnenq( `h nmnleflf e` hnq uk`}}nq aphukznenq( `h pqf e`nipnq e` }k`if e` bnhn anhkene { `h nmpqf e` w}fepaufq ~pbkafq `lu}` fu}nq naupnakfl`q w}naukanenq`l hfq qp`hfq wn}n qp `swhfunakl( pqf { ekqj}pu` wfqu`}kf} wf} `h cfbm}`( wp`e`l w}fzfan} pln
ekqbklpakl e` hn anwnakene w}fepaukzn e`h qp`hf { f}kikln} qp e`i}nenakl,@hkbkln} hn bnqn e` z`i`unakl wn}n hn wp`qun `l w}aukan e` pl aphukzf i`l`}n pln q`}k` e`kbwnaufq l`inukzfq?
Nhu`}n `h `~pkhkm}kf lnup}nh nh e`on} hn qpw`}jkak` e`h qp`hf `swp`qun n ni`lu`q `}fqkzfq Q` w}fepa` pln }`epaakl `l `h nhbna`lnbk`luf e` cpb`ene `l `h u`}}`lf Npb`lun hn `qaf}}`lun qpw`}jkaknh { hfq w}fa`qfq e` `}fqkl ce}kan { `hkan Nhu`}n `h `~pkhkm}kf mkfhikaf `skqu`lu` `lu}` hn jhf}n { jnpln e`h `afqkqu`bn Klu`}}pbw` `h nwf}u` e` }`qufq z`i`unh`q nh qp`hf
Hn apmk`}un z`i`unh `skqu`lu` `l pl u`}}`lf kljhp{` e` jf}bn e`u`}bklnlu` `l `h bka}fahkbn e`hbkqbf, @h anhf} { znwf} hkm`}nef e` hn bnqn e` z`i`unakl bfekjkan hn u`bw`}nup}n { hn cpb`enee`h nk}`( { n qp z` `qufq anbmkfq bfephnl hfq jhpofq e` anhf} { znwf} e` nipn e`h qp`hf { hnz`i`unakl, Wf} hf unluf hnq apmk`}unq z`i`unh`q bfekjkanl qp w}fwkf bka}fahkbn { q` nenwunlafluklpnb`lu` n anbmkfq ahkbukafq `qunakflnh`q wn}n aflq`ipk} qp bskbf e` w}fepaukzkene,
MWAUq FMHKINUF]KNQ
@hkbklnakl e` }`qufq z`i`unh`q { ne`apnakl jqkan e`h u`}}`lf, @qw`aknhb`lu` qk `h aphukzfnlu`}kf} cn qkef zke( `hkbkln} `scnpqukznb`lu` hnq }na`q,
@h zkukaphuf} e`m` w}`wn}n} `h u`}}`lf nh fmo`uf e` ~p` `h e`qn}}fhhf { a}`akbk`luf e`h qkqu`bn}nekaphn} e` hnq zke`q q`n `h ne`apnef, Hn w}`q`lakn `l `h qp`hf e` }na`q `l znq e` e`qafbwfqkakl`swfl` n hnq }na`q oz`l`q e` hnq zke`q }`ak`lu`b`lu` whnlunenq n nun~p`q e` wfe}`epbm}`q {w`}bku` hn qpw`}zkz`lakn e` l`bufefq ~p` wp`e`l klj`aun} n hnq lp`znq whnlunq, Nh bkqbf uk`bwfq` e`m` naflekakfln} hnq flnq e` hn wn}a`hn efle` cn{n bq }k`qif e` klplenakl wp`quf ~p`
8/2/2019 Buenas Prcticas de Carcter Tcnico en Viticultura
20/58=7
pl u`}}`lf `lacn}anekf wp`e` w}fzfan} hn bp`}u` e` hnq }na`q wf} nqjkskn( ne`bq e` nj`aun} nhn bka}fjhf}n n`}fmkn { m`l`jkakn} n hn nln`}fmkn ~p` `q w`}opekaknh wn}n `h aphukzf,
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N}}nl~p` e`h zk`ef { e` `h`b`lufq z`i`unh`q
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@hkbklnakl e` bnhnq ck`}mnq( wnui`lfq { whninq b`eknlu` ualkanq aphup}nh`q,
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e`u`}bklnen ~p` q`n `qubphf e` hnq w}klakwnh`q aflekakfl`q mkukanq e`h qp`hf b`of}nlef hnqaflekakfl`q e` e`qn}}fhhf e` hnq a`wnq, Hnq hnmf}`q n }`nhkn} qfl hnq qkipk`lu`q?
Bnhnq ck`}mnq? Qk `l `h u`}}`lf cn{ bnhnq ck`}mnq q` w}naukan}l unluf hnmf}`q w}fjplenq afbfqpw`}jkaknh`q wn}n klu`lun} e`qu}pk}hnq b`alkanb`lu`( }`h`inlef afbf hukbn fwakl hn nwhkanakle` c`}mkakenq, Wnui`lfq?" L`bnufefq, Q` e`m` e`on} `h u`}}`lf e`qanlqnlef 9"3 nfq, Q` `hkbkln}l hnq }na`q ~p`w`}bnl`a`l qfm}` `h u`}}`lf b`alkanb`lu`," Cflifq e` qp`hf { bne`}n? Wn}n kbw`ek} nun~p`q e` `qunq `lj`}b`ene`q q` e`m` `zkun} whnlun}zke u}nq pln whnlunakl e` `qw`ak`q h`fqnq, Q` }fup}n}l { `hkbkln}l hnq }na`q, Whninq? Wn}n `zkun} `h nun~p` e` whninq q` w}fa`e`} n hn e`qu}paakl e` }na`q,
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hfq }k`qifq e` klj`aakl n anpqn e` hn w`}qkqu`lakn { e` hn bphukwhkanakl e` hfq f}inlkqbfq ~p`nf u}nq nf q` `lap`lu}nl afl hn bkqbn whnlun cpqw`e, ]funlef f w`}bkuk`lef `h e`qanlqf e`aphukzfq( q` aflqkip` ekqbklpk} `q` w`hki}f( {n ~p` hfq f}inlkqbfq ~p` zkz`l n `sw`lqnq e` `qnwhnlunakl qfl klanwna`q e` nunan} n hn qkipk`lu` qk`bw}` ~p` lf q`n pl aphukzf cpqw`e,
8/2/2019 Buenas Prcticas de Carcter Tcnico en Viticultura
21/58=>
@qu` w`}kfef e` e`qanlqf qk}z` wn}n e`qklj`aun} `h qp`hf e` l`bnufefq e` jf}bn lnup}nh `zkunlef`h bwh`f e` ~pbkafq( ne`bq q` jnzf}`a` hn }`apw`}nakl e` hfq lpu}k`lu`q su}nefq l aphukzfqnlu`}kf}`q, Pl e`qklj`aunef ~pbkaf e`h u`}}`lf kljhpk} bp{ l`inukznb`lu` l hfq bka}ff}inlkqbfq~p` cnmkunl `l `h bkqbf( { wp`quf ~p` hn bn{f} wn}u` e` hnq u}nlqjf}bnakfl`q ~p` qpj}` hn bnu`}knf}ilkan q` hh`znl n anmf wf} `qun afbplkene bka}fmknln( `q `q`laknh `bwh`n} w}aukanq ~p` lfkljhp{nl l`inukznb`lu` `l qp e`qn}}fhhf,
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@qun hnmf} e` nw`}up}n { bphhkbk`luf e`h qp`hf `q jplenb`lunh( {n ~p` w`}bku` ~p`m}nlun} hnq
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@l wn}a`hnq afl w`lek`lu`q qpw`}kf}`q nh 3% en} w}`j`}`lakn nh nmnlanhnbk`luf j}`lu` n plnlkz`hnakl ni}`qkzn afl `h `luf}lf,
E`qbflun} `h u`}}`lf jf}bnlef wf}akfl`q cf}kflunh`q `l jf}bn e` `qanh`}n `l hnq ~p` q` wfe}whnlun} zke`q( `q hn jf}bn bq ek}`aun e` aflq`}zn} `h qp`hf { hn cpb`ene, @qun aflqu}paakl e`wn}a`hnq `qanhflnenq afl qpw`}jkak`q cf}kflunh`q qkipk`lef hnq ap}znq e` lkz`h( w}fzfan pln}pwup}n e` hn w`lek`lu` e` bnl`}n ~p` `h qp`hf q`} anwn e` }`u`l`} pln wn}u` kbwf}unlu` e`
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8/2/2019 Buenas Prcticas de Carcter Tcnico en Viticultura
22/58==
@qu` nlhkqkq( w}`j`}`lu`b`lu` }`nhknef wf} pl hnmf}nuf}kf `qw`aknhknef( fj}`a`} nh zkukaphuf}kljf}bnakl w}`akqn }`qw`auf e`h ukwf e` qp`hf ekqwflkmh`( hnq an}`laknq { l`a`qkene`q e` lpu}k`lu`q~p` }`~pk`}` pl qp`hf `l pl e`u`}bklnef bfb`luf nq afbf `h ukwf e` hnmf} w}fjplen n }`nhkn}{ `h bnu`}knh z`i`unh n whnlun},
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^p`en wf} hf unluf w}fckmkef nwhkan} efqkq qpw`}kf}`q e` W=F0(D=F { BiF( `qunmh`akenq `l hnqkipk`lu` b`eken,
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8/2/2019 Buenas Prcticas de Carcter Tcnico en Viticultura
23/58=1
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Q` e`m` u`l`} w}`q`lu` ~p` e`w`lek`lef e`h bfef e` }`nhkn} hn ekqwfqkakl e` hnq jkhnq e` zke`qq` wfe}l jnzf}`a`} `qufq j`lb`lfq `}fqkzfq, Q` wp`e`l whnlun} hnq jkhnq e` hnq a`wnq e` unh jf}bn~p` apnlef q` `lap`lu}`l `l w`}kfef z`i`unukzf `qun bnqn z`i`unh `zku` `h aflunauf ek}`auf e`h
zk`luf afl hn qpw`}jkak` e`h qp`hf, @l hfq b`q`q e` }`wfqf z`i`unukzf( apnlef hn zke cn w`}ekefhn cfon( `skqu` pl lfunmh` }k`qif e` `}fqkl `hkan, Pln ne`apnen f}k`lunakl e`h zk`ef `l q`lukefw`}w`lekaphn} n hn ek}`aakl e`h zk`luf efbklnlu` j}`ln} `qun naakl `}fqkzn,
Wf} fu}n wn}u`( q` cn e`bfqu}nef ~p` hfq qkqu`bnq e` w}fepaakl ~p` klqunhnl bflfaphukzfq qflbq zphl`}nmh`q n whninq { `lj`}b`ene`q { l`a`qkunl bn{f}`q nwf}u`q e` `l`}in afl `h aflqkipk`lu`kbwnauf unluf `aflbkaf afbf b`ekfnbmk`lunh,
MWAUq FMHKINUF]KNQ
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Ufenq hnq wn}a`hnq ~p` q` nafonl nh w}fi}nbn e` w}fepaakl e` zke }`qw`upfqn afl `h b`ekfnbmk`lu`( e`m`}l apbwhk} hf ekqwp`quf `l hn lf}bnukzn `qw`ajkan zki`lu` wn}n `h aphukzf e`hn zkn( }`qw`auf n whnfq( npuf}knakfl`q( e`ahn}nakfl`q( zn}k`ene`q( `ua,
8/2/2019 Buenas Prcticas de Carcter Tcnico en Viticultura
24/58=5
Hn e`lqkene e` whnlunakl `qun} e` nap`}ef afl hfq ]`ihnb`lufq e` hfq Ekquklukzfq e` AnhkeneZkukzklafhn `skqu`lu`q `l hn Afbplkene Npulfbn e` Hn ]kfon,
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Pln ne`apnen f}k`lunakl e`h zk`ef `l q`lukef w`}w`lekaphn} n hn ek}`aakl e`h zk`luf efbklnlu`j}`ln hn naakl `}fqkzn, Q` `qukbn ~p` n qfunz`luf #wn}u` fwp`qun n n~p`hhn e` efle` zk`l` `h
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MWAUq W]FCKMKENQ
^p`en w}fckmkef whnlun} n wk` ek}`auf,
^p`en w}fckmkef `l ufef `h u`}}kuf}kf whnlun} zke`q j}nlanq f n wk` ek}`auf( zke`q ap{n }n { wn}u`n}`n w`}u`l`an n hn bkqbn whnlun( afl `h jkl e` `zkun} ~p` hn whnin e` jkhfs`}n wp`en w}fhkj`}n}lp`znb`lu` aflzk}uklefq` e` lp`zf `l pl z`auf} e` e`qu}paakl e` zk`efq, Hn i}nl bn{f}ne` hfq zk`efq `qunmh`akefq naupnhb`lu` aflqunl e` pl wk` f wf}unklo`}uf e` zke nb`}kanln(
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8/2/2019 Buenas Prcticas de Carcter Tcnico en Viticultura
25/58=0
MWAUq ]@AFB@LENENQLf }`nhkn} `l pln bkqbn wn}a`hn aphukzfq nqfaknefq n hn zke,
Qk pln bkqbn wn}a`hn e` w}fepaakl nhfon zke`q opluf afl fu}fq aphukzfq( `q bp{ jnaukmh` ~p` q`w}fepanl klu`}j`}`laknq `lu}` hfq bkqbfq( `l `qw`aknh `l apnluf n w}aukanq e` bnlu`lkbk`lufe`h qp`hf( j`}ukhknakl( u}nunbk`lufq jkufqnlkun}kfq { }`afh`aakl, Anen aphukzf l`a`qkun w}aukanqaphup}nh`q { e` w}fepaakl w}fwknq `l mnq` n qpq l`a`qkene`q, Lf `q wfqkmh` ~p` hfq efq aphukzfqq` e`qn}}fhh`l afl `h`znef i}nef e` anhkene { e` }`qw`uf nh b`ekf nbmk`lu` qk `qul qkupnefq `lpln bkqbn wn}a`hn( { wf} unh bfukzf q` naflq`on lf }`nhkn} l pln bkqbn wn}a`hn aphukzfq nqfaknefqn hn zke,
Lf whnlun} ekquklunq zn}k`ene`q e` zke `l hn bkqbn wn}a`hn qkl `qunmh`a`} ahn}nb`lu` hfq hbku`q`lu}` `hhnq,
@qun b`eken q` z` opqukjkanen wf}~p` `qunmh`a`} pln e`hkbkunakl w`}j`aunb`lu` e`jklken w`}bku`}`nhkn} u}nunbk`lufq q`h`aukzfq q`il hnq ekj`}`lu`q q`lqkmkhkene`q zn}k`unh`q( `zkunlefaflunbklnakfl`q e` plnq n fu}nq( wp`quf ~p` anen zn}k`ene uk`l` ski`laknq ahn}nb`lu` ekj`}`laknenq,Nh bkqbf uk`bwf q` jnakhkun hn }`afh`aakl e` anen zn}k`ene( `zkunlef hnq b`ahnq ep}nlu` hn}`a`wakl e` hn afq`acn `l hnq mfe`inq,
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pln nqfaknakl qkbmkukan afl hnq }na`q e` hnq whnlunq { wp`e`l q`} bp{ ukh`q afbf mkfj`}ukhknlu`q{ mkfw}fu`auf}`q,
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8/2/2019 Buenas Prcticas de Carcter Tcnico en Viticultura
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Nh kipnh ~p` qpa`e` afl nwhkanakfl`q `sa`qkznq e` jqjf}f( pl nmflnef e`qb`ekef afl lku}i`lf`q pln w}aukan i}nz`b`lu` w`}opekaknh, Enen qp nhun qfhpmkhkene( `h `sa`qf e` lku}i`lf `qjakhb`lu` hnznef wf} hf ~p` q` wp`e`l hh`in} n w}fepak} u}nqj`}`laknq kbwf}unlu`q e` lku}nufqe` hfq u`}}`lfq ni}afhnq n napj`}fq qpmu`}}l`fq { afqkqu`bnq napukafq, p` qufq afqkqu`bnqq` an}ip`l afl lku}nufq wp`e` e`}kzn} `l hn aflunbklnakl ek}`aun e`h nipn( wpek`lef cna`}hnklpukhknmh` wn}n `h }k`if { wn}n aflqpbf cpbnlf( afl `h w`}opkakf unl i}nz` ~p` qpwfl`,
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@l `h aphukzf e` hn zke `qu w}fckmkef nwhkan} j`}ukhknlu`q ~p` nwf}u`l lku}i`lf nh qp`hf?
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@h qpbklkqu}f e` lpu}k`lu`q q` }`nhkn} jplenb`lunhb`lu` zn qp`hf,
@l pl bfe`hf e` w}fepaakl }`qw`upfqn afl `h b`ekf nbmk`lu` plf e` hfq fmo`ukzfq `q ~p` hn
whnlun q` e`qn}}fhh` { nhkb`lu` e` hn jf}bn bq lnup}nh wfqkmh`( klu`}a`ek`lef blkbnb`lu` `lqp `zfhpakl( wf} hf ~p` q` opqukjkan ~p` qk`bw}` ~p` q`n wfqkmh` q` `zku`l hnq nwhkanakfl`qqkqu`bukanq jfhkn}`q lf opqukjkanenq, @h nmflnef jfhkn} q` }`nhkn qfhf `l nfq e` i}nl q`~pnapnlef lf cn{ qpjkak`lu` cpb`ene `l `h qp`hf wn}n ekqfhz`} hfq afbwp`qufq nwf}unefq( `bwh`nlefwn}n `qun fw`}nakl afbwp`qufq lf jkufuskafq { jakhb`lu` qfhpmh`q `l nipn,
MWAUq W]FCKMKENQ
W}fckmkef `bwh`n} efqkq qpw`}kf}`q n hnq `qw`akjkanenq afbf bskbnq `l `h nwn}unef qkipk`lu`,
W}fckmkef nwf}un} nh qp`hf bnu`}knq afl znhf} j`}ukhknlu` w}fa`e`lu`q e` jnlifq e` e`wp}nef}nq
f e` }`qkepfq qhkefq p}mnlfq ~p` `qul aflunbklnenq wf} bka}ff}inlkqbfq wnui`lfq f ~p`aflu`linl bnu`}knh`q lf e`i}nenmh`q( f b`unh`q w`qnefq afl znhf}`q qpw`}kf}`q n hfq ~p``qunmh`a` hn F}e`l e` =3 e` bn{f e` >;;3 qfm}` j`}ukhknlu`q { njkl`q #MF@ l >1>+
Hn w}`q`lakn e` b`unh`q w`qnef `l ak`}ufq }`qkepfq f}ilkafq afbf hfefq e` e`wp}nef}n hkbkunqp pukhknakl `l qp`hfq ni}afhnq,
Hfq b`unh`q w`qnefq lf wp`e`l e`i}nen}q` lk e`qu}pk}q`( wf} hf unluf qfl aflunbklnlu`q `qunmh`q{ w`}qkqu`lu`q e`h b`ekf nbmk`lu`, Hn ekjkaphune wn}n hkbkln}hfq e` hpin}`q aflunbklnefq qu}kmn`l hn kbwfqkmkhkene hukbn e` qp e`qu}paakl f mkfe`i}nenakl( e`mkef n qp lnup}nh`n ~pbkan,Wf} fu}n wn}u`( hfq f}inlkqbfq wp`e`l z`}q` q`z`}nb`lu` nj`aunefq wf} w`~p`nq afla`lu}nakfl`qe` `h`b`lufq w`qnefq,
Lf q` nwf}un}l nh qp`hf j`}ukhknlu`q afl znhf}`q e` b`unh`q w`qnefq qpw`}kf}`q n hf `qunmh`akef`l hn f}e`l e` =3 e` bn{f e` >;;3 qfm}` j`}ukhknlu`q { njkl`q }`afikefq `l `h Nl`sf KK,
Lf q` pukhkn}l hfefq qkl ~p` q` ekqwflin e` hn af}}`qwflek`lu` efapb`lunakl `sw`eken wf} hne`wp}nef}n( nqkbkqbf q` e`m` ekqwfl`} e` pl apne`}lf e` `swhfunakl ~p` q` }`afon hn kljf}bnakl}`h`znlu` qfm}` hn nwhkanakl e` `qufq hfefq `l qp`hfq ni}n}kfq,
MWAUq ]@AFB@LENENQ
Qpbklkqu}n} hfq lpu}k`lu`q w}`j`}`lu`b`lu` `l jf}bn e` bnu`}kn f}ilkan afbwfqunen
Hn j`}ukhknakl f}ilkan uk`l` afbf fmo`ukzf b`of}n} hnq aflekakfl`q jqkanq { mkfhikanq e`h qp`hf(aflu}kmp{`lef n b`of}n} hn anwnakene e` anbmkf( hn `qunmkhkene `qu}paup}nh( hn w`}b`nmkhkene `lqp`hfq n}akhhfqfq( hn }`u`lakl e` nipn `l u`}}`lfq hki`}fq( hn naukzkene mkfhikan( `ua, @h nmflneff}ilkaf( ne`bq e` q`} pl nwf}u` e` plkene`q j`}ukhknlu`q kbwf}unlu`( w}fwf}akfln
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jplenb`lunhb`lu` pln b`of}n `l hn anwnakene e` pl qp`hf e` }`u`l`} { wfl`} n ekqwfqkakl e`hn a`wn hfq `h`b`lufq lpu}kukzfq ~p` l`a`qkun,
Q` e`m`l `bwh`n} nmflfq afbwf}unefq { mk`l c`acfq( wp`quf ~p` qk lf `qul `qunmkhknefq `qunbnu`}kn wp`e` j`}b`lun} i`l`}nlef }`naakfl`q kle`q`nmh`q, Wf} fu}n wn}u`( nh lf qun} bkl`}nhkneflf zn n nwf}un} lpu}k`lu`q n hfq qp`hfq,
]`nhkn} nh b`lfq pln apn}un wn}u` e` hnq nwf}unakfl`q lku}fi`lnenq `l jf}bn e` lku}i`lff}ilkaf( w}fa`e`lu` e` afbwfqu f e` `quk}afh`q mk`l c`acfq
Q` `qukbn ~p` `h pqf `sa`qkzf e` nmflfq ~pbkafq { c`}mkakenq `q pln e` hnq anpqnq e` hn w}ekene` naukzkene mkfhikan `l hfq qp`hfq( nqkbkqbf( `h nmpqf e` ~pbkafq wp`e` kljhpk} `l hn w}eken
e` nake` e` bfqufq { zklfq, Wf} fu}n wn}u`( hfq nmflfq klf}ilkafq lf nwf}unl cpbpq nh qp`hf(wf} hf ~p` ekqbklpk} hn bnu`}kn f}ilkan { qp anwnakene e` }`u`l`} nipn { npb`lun} hnafbwnaunakl e`h u`}}`lf }`qphunlef b`lfq nwuf wn}n `h e`qn}}fhhf e` hfq aphukzfq,
Lf fmqunlu`( qk q` nmfln `sahpqkznb`lu` afl `lbk`lenq f}ilkanq `h `~pkhkm}kf }`qphunlu` lf `qe`h ufef nopqunef( wpek`lef en}q` `h anqf e` ~p` hn }`hnakl e` lpu}k`lu`q e` `qufq j`}ukhknlu`qlf q` af}}`qwflen afl hfq }`~pkqkufq e` hn zkn( u`lk`lef `l ufef anqf hn l`a`qkene e` nopqun}hfqafl nwf}unakfl`q e` fu}f ukwf,
Hkbkun} hnq nwf}unakfl`q e` nmflfq e` hkm`}nakl }wken wn}n ekqbklpk} hnq aflunbklnakfl`q
Pl zfhpb`l bp{ aflqke`}nmh` e`h lku}i`lf nwf}unef wf} h nmflnef lf hh`in n q`} bwh`nef wf}`h aphukzf e`mkef w}klakwnhb`lu` n hnq w}ekenq wf} jkhu}nakl `l `h u`}}`lf,
Hn qfhpakl n `qu` w}fmh`bn }nekan mk`l `l `h `bwh`f e` nmflfq e` hkm`}nakl h`lun mk`l `lnpb`lun} hn j}`ap`lakn e` hn nwhkanakl e` j`}ukhknlu`q `l anlukene`q b`lf}`q, Hfq nmflfq e`hkm`}nakl h`lun uk`l`l hn w}fwk`ene e` nwf}un} `h lku}i`lf wnphnuklnb`lu`( ekqbklp{`lef e``qu` bfef `h }k`qif wf} hkskzknakl( w`}f w}`q`lunl pl `h`znef afqu` wf} plkene e` lku}i`lfaflu`lkef( nqkbkqbf `h }kubf e` hkm`}nakl e`h lku}i`lf nqkbkhnmh` lf afklake` afl `h e`bnlenefwf} hn whnlun, Wf} hf unluf( hf bq ne`apnef `q hkbkun} hnq nwf}unakfl`q e` nmflfq e` hkm`}nakl}wken wn}n ekqbklpk} hnq aflunbklnakfl`q,
Bnlu`l`} apmk`}unq z`i`unh`q( lnup}nh`q f klepakenq( e`quklnenq n bnlu`l`} hn j`}ukhkene e`hfq qp`hfq,
Nhiplnq e` hnq z`lunonq ~p` fj}`a` `h w}`q`}zn} hnq apmk`}unq z`i`unh`q `l hn zkn qfl hnq e`qa}kunqn afluklpnakl?
Nu`ln `h zkif} e` hnq a`wnq, Nhn}in} `h w`}kfef e` fapwnakl e` hn apmk`}un kla}`b`lun npl bqhn afbw`u`lakn wf} `h nipn e`h qp`hf { wp`e` n{pen} `l bn{f} b`eken n }`epak} hfq `sa`qfq e`zkif}, @l}k~p`a` `h u`}}`lf e` bnu`}kn f}ilkan b`of}nlef qpq an}nau`}qukanq @zkun hn afbwnaunakl e`h qp`hf @zkun w}ekenq fufnh`q e` lku}i`lf wf} hkskzknakl
B`of}n hn w`l`u}nakl e` hn hhpzkn `l `h qp`hf
Hfq klaflz`lk`lu`q e`}kznefq e`h e`qn}}fhhf e` `qunq apmk`}unq `q ~p` npb`lunl hn q`lqkmkhkene nhnq c`hnenq { `l aflekakfl`q e` `qanq` e` nipn hn afbw`u`lakn ~p` wp`e`l `o`}a`} afl hnq zke`qwp`e` q`} w`}opekaknh,
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Q` e`m`} `znhpn} ~p` ukwf e` apmk`}un `q hn bq naflq`onmh` n kbwhnlun} `l hn zkn( qk`lefnaflq`onmh`q hnq `qw`ak`q e` a}`akbk`luf h`luf( }`qkqu`lu`q nh wkqfu`f { nh w`qf `o`}akef wf} `h wnqfe` hnq bn~pkln}knq,
@h nmflnef z`}e` aflqkqu` `l `qunmh`a`} pln apmk`}un z`i`unh lnup}nh f klepaken ep}nlu` pl af}ufwhnf e` uk`bwf afl h jkl e` aflq`ipk} pln bnqn z`i`unh ~p` wp`en q`} klaf}wf}nen wfqu`}kf}b`lu``l `h u`}}`lf b`eknlu` hnmf}n}`q e` `luk`}}`,
J`}ukhknakl lku}fi`lnen?
J}naakfln} qp nwf}unakl n hf hn}if e`h akahf z`i`unukzf, Ep}nlu` `h w}kb`} nf e` hn whnlunakl wfe} nwf}un}q` cnqun pl bskbf e` =7 P,J,&Cn e`
L( w}`j`}`lu`b`lu` `l afm`}u`}n, @h q`iplef nf q` wfe} nwf}un} pl bskbf e` =0 P,J,&cn e` L, Ep}nlu` `h w`}kfef e` w}fepaakl( `l jplakl e`h zkif} e` hn whnlunakl { e` hn afq`acn`qw`}nen( q` `qunmh`a` pl bskbf nlpnh e` 57 P,J,&cn e` L,
J`}ukhknakl jqjf}f( wfunqkf { bnil`qkf,
Ep}nlu` `h q`iplef nf e` hn whnlunakl wfe`bfq w}`qaklek} e`h nmflnef e` jqjf}f( wfunqkf{ bnil`qkf( { qk q` }`nhkn( lf e`m`} qpw`}n} hnq >0 P,J,&cn e` W=F0( hnq 57 P,J,&cn e` D =F{ hnq >7 P,J,&cn e` BiF,
Q` `bwh`n} w}`j`}`lu`b`lu` Qphjnuf e` Wfunqn `l z` e` Ahf}p}f e` Wfunqn( `qw`aknhb`lu``l qp`hfq anhkfq f&{ afl lkz`h`q nw}`aknmh`q e` qnhklkene,
#Z`} Nl`sf K+
Fu}nq nwf}unakfl`q,
Hkbkun} hnq nwhkanakfl`q e` nmflfq jfhkn}`q { `bwh`n}hnq lkanb`lu` apnlef `qul wh`lnb`lu`opqukjkanenq w}`zkf nlhkqkq e` cfon f j}puf( an}`laknq bnlkjk`qunq f w}fmh`bnq efapb`lunefq`l nfq nlu`}kf}`q,Hfq ~p`hnufq e` ck`}}f q` wp`e`l nwhkan} wn}n aflu}fhn} hn ahf}fqkq j}}kan,
Efqkq bskbnq nebkukenq `l `h w`}kfef e` w}fepaaklW=F0,
17 P,J,&cn
=7 P,J,&cn
>7 P,J,&cn
Qp`hfq wfm}`q
Qp`hfq b`ekfq
Qp`hfq }kafq
D=F
>77 P,J,&cn
37 P,J,&cn
:7 P,J,&cn
BiF
=7 P,J,&cn
>0 P,J,&cn
>7 P,J,&cn
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]K@IFHn zkn l`a`qkun pln nhkb`lunakl ce}kan qpjkak`lu` { `~pkhkm}nen, W}`akqn e` 177 n 377 hku}f e`nipn wn}n hn jf}bnakl e` > di e` bnu`}kn q`an, Nh kipnh ~p` qpa`e` `l fu}fq aphukzfq hn jnhun e`nipn `l `h qp`hf `q plf e` hfq jnauf}`q ~p` bq hkbkunl qp e`qn}}fhhf z`i`unukzf,
Aflfa`} hn ekqwflkmkhkene e` nipn `l `h whnl`un e`m` cna`}lfq afbw}`le`} hn kbwf}unlakn ~p`uk`l` `h w}fu`i`} `h nipn ekqj}punlef e` `hhn `jkak`lu`b`lu`, Nw}fskbnenb`lu` `h 1 % e`h nipne`h whnl`un `q epha` { n qp z`( nh}`e`ef} e`h =(;;9 % `qu }`u`lken `l mhf~p`q e` ck`hf( ihnakn}`qf q` `lap`lu}n `lu`}}nen unl w}fjplenb`lu` ~p` `q kbwfqkmh` `su}n`}hn, Wf} hf unluf lkanb`lu``h 7(771 % e`h zfhpb`l ufunh e` nipn e` hn Uk`}}n `qu ekqwflkmh` wn}n q`} pukhknen,
Wfl`} hfq bufefq l`a`qn}kfq wn}n `zkun} aflunbkln} `h nipn { `bwh`n}hn e` jf}bn qfqu`lkmh` `l`h uk`bwf `q pln w}`bkqn mqkan wn}n hn qnhpe unluf e`h whnl`un afbf e` hfq cfbm}`q,
@swhfunakl e` `afqkqu`bnq napukafq
@h nipn epha` `q pl mk`l `bwh`nef wf} `h ni}kaphuf} wn}n fmu`l`} afq`acnq e` bn{f} anhkene {anlukene( `q pl }`ap}qf }`lfznmh` hf ~p` lf qkilkjkan klnifunmh`( qk q` pqn wf} `lakbn e` qpqwfqkmkhkene`q e` }`lfznakl q` nifun}, Cn{ ~p` u`l`} w}`q`lu` ~p` hn qfm}``swhfunakl e` }fq(napj`}fq qpmu`}}l`fq f `bmnhq`q wn}n }k`if( wfe} hh`in} `l pl jpup}f n nifun} `qufq qkqu`bnqafl `h i}nz` klaflz`lk`lu` unluf b`ekfnbmk`lunh afbf `aflbkaf ~p` `quf qpwfle}n,
Hn `swhfunakl e` hnq nipnq qpw`}jkaknh`q { qpmu`}}l`nq e`m` cna`}q` n pl }kubf ~p` w`}bkun qp}`wfqkakl lnup}nh, Hfi}n} pln pukhknakl qfqu`lkmh` e`h nipn `l hn ni}kaphup}n `q plfq e` hfqi}nle`q }`ufq ~p` naupnhb`lu` q` e`m` hfi}n}, Wn}n aflq`ipk} `qu` fmo`ukzf `q nmqfhpunb`lu`l`a`qn}kf aflak`lakn}q` e` ~p` `q pl mk`l `qanqf( wf} hf ~p` q` cna` kbw}`qaklekmh` ~p` `h pqf {aflqpbf e`h nipn wf} `h ni}kaphuf} q`n `jkak`lu`( fmu`lk`lef hn bn{f} w}fepaakl wfqkmh` afl hnb`lf} anlukene e` nipn aflqpbken,
Hfq aflqpbfq `sa`qkzfq e` nipn q` e`m`l lf}bnhb`lu` wf}?
" Aflun} afl klj}n`qu}paup}nq klne`apnenq f bnh aflq`}znenq" Qkqu`bnq e` i`qukl wfaf `jkak`lu`q" Jnhun e` aflu}fh e` hfq anpenh`q pukhknefq" W}`akfq bp{ mnofq e`h nipn { ualkanq e` }k`if klaf}}`aunq,
Hnq w}ekenq e` nipn ~p` q` i`l`}nl `l hfq qkqu`bnq e` aflepaakl { ekqu}kmpakl qfl apnlukfqnq,E` hfq bq e` >77,777 db e` na`~pknq e` ~p` aflqun naupnhb`lu` hn }`e e` ekqu}kmpakl( plnmp`ln wn}u` qfl anpa`q e` uk`}}n #qkl }`z`quk}+ wf} hfq ~p` q` k} w`}ek`lef `h nipn wf} jkhu}nakfl`q`l `h u`}}`lf, Nw}fskbnenb`lu` `h 17% e` hn }`e uk`l` bq e` >77 nfq e` nluki`ene { plni}nl wn}u` e`h }`quf ap`lun afl bq e` =7 nfq, @h `lz`o`akbk`luf { e`u`}kf}f e` `qunq }`e`q `qpln e` hnq anpqnq e` hnq w}ekenq e` nipn `l hfq anlnh`q { na`~pknq( ~p` q` u}nepa`l `l b`lf}`qzfhb`l`q ekqwflkmh`q wn}n hfq aphukzfq, Ufef `hhf wfl` e` }`hk`z` hnq l`a`qkene`q e` }`cnmkhkunakl{ bfe`}lknakl e` hnq }`e`q e` }`inef, Q` e`m`l wfl`} hfq b`anlkqbfq l`a`qn}kfq wn}n `zkun}`h inquf `sa`qkzf e` `qu` }`ap}qf,
@}fqkl ce}kan
@h }k`if `q qpqa`wukmh` e` w}fzfan} fu}f kbwnauf nbmk`lunh bp{ qkilkjkanukzf? hn `}fqkl e`h u`}}`lf,Wp`e` jnzf}`a`} naakfl`q `}fqkznq qk lf q` uk`l`l `l ap`lun af}}`aunb`lu` hn w`lek`lu` e`h u`}}`lf(
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`h anpenh e`h nipn `bwh`nen { `h ukwf e` qp`hf, Hfq }`inefq bnh ekq`nefq( bnh bnl`onefq {&f~p` pukhka`l nipnq e` bnhn anhkene w}fepa`l `l bn{f} f b`lf} i}nef pln }pwup}n e` hfq ni}`inefqe`h qp`hf { bfekjkanakfl`q `l hn u`sup}n( `qu}paup}n { w`}b`nmkhkene( hf ~p` jnzf}`a` hn `}fqklwf} n}}nqu}` { `lafqu}nbk`lufq afl hn aflqkipk`lu` w`}eken e` j`}ukhkene e`h qp`hf,
Hn `}fqkl ce}kan naun e` bnl`}n q`h`aukzn?
n}}nqu}nlef hnq j}naakfl`q bq jklnq e`h qp`hf #n}akhhnq { bnu`}kn f}ilkan+( hf ~p` w}fzfan hnw}eken e` lpu}k`lu`q e`u`}kf}n qp `qu}paup}n }`epa` hn w}fjplekene `j`aukzn e`h qp`hf ekqbklp{` qp anwnakene wn}n }`u`l`} nipn { lpu}k`lu`q,
Ufenq `qunq naakfl`q znl `l e`u}kb`luf e` hn w}fepaukzkene e`h qp`hf { hn qnhpe e` hnq whnlunq,
Qnhklknakl e`h u`}}`lf
Klne`apnenq `qu}nu`iknq e` }k`if { bnh bnl`of e` qp w}fi}nbnakl wp`e` w}fzfan} hn qnhklknakl{ nhanhklknakl e` hfq qp`hfq { e` hnq nipnq qpmu`}}l`nq, @qu` w}fa`qf e` qnhklknakl f napbphnakle` qnh`q `l hn qpw`}jkak` e`h qp`hf f `l qpq w}fskbkene`q w}fzfan pl i}nz` kbwnauf unluf b`ekfnbmk`lunh afbf `aflbkaf {n ~p` hfq u`}}`lfq wp`e`l bfqu}n}q` afbwh`unb`lu` kbw}fepaukzfq(hh`inlef n w`}e`} `l hfq anqfq bq i}nz`q qp anwnakene e` aphukzf,
Q` `qukbn ~p` `lu}` =7 { 17 bkhhfl`q e` c`au}`nq e` }k`if `l `h whnl`un qpj}`l i}nz`q w}fmh`bnqe` qnhklkene( { `lu}` :7 { 37 bkhhfl`q e` c`au}`nq qpj}`l w}fa`qfq e` `lacn}anbk`luf, @h f}ki`lbq afbl e` `qunq qkupnakfl`q q` jplenb`lun `l `h pqf e` nipn e` e`jkak`lu` anhkene { q` z`kla}`b`lunef apnlef `h u`}}`lf uk`l` pl e}`lno` klne`apnef,
Qk lf q` ufbnl b`ekenq e` af}}`aakl i}nl wn}u` e` `qufq qp`hfq nj`aunefq lf wfe}l `bwh`n}q`wn}n aphukzn} w}fepaufq n b`ekf whnf,
MWAUq FMHKINUF]KNQ
@h nlhkqkq e` nipn q` }`nhkn} anen nf `l hfq b`q`q e` z`}nlf,
W}`zknb`lu` nh nwf}u` e` }k`if `q kbw}`qaklekmh` aflfa`} hn anhkene { hnq an}nau`}qukanq e`h nipn~p` q` zn n e`qukln} wn}n `qun fw`}nakl( e`mkef n ~p` hn w}`q`lakn e` e`u`}bklnenq qpqunlaknq`l `h nipn wp`e` w}fepak} ufskakene wf} napbphnakl `l `h qp`hf { w}fzfan} e`q`~pkhkm}kfq `l hnnmqf}akl e` lpu}k`lu`q wf} hn whnlun, @h nlhkqkq wn}n aflfa`} hn anhkene q` }`nhkn} afl plnw`}kfekakene nlpnh( w}`j`}`lu`b`lu` `l hfq b`q`q e` z`}nlf {n ~p` `q `l ekacn `qunakl `l hn~p` wf} q`} bq `qanqf `h zfhpb`l e` nipn qp anhkene `q klj`}kf},
@q naflq`onmh` ~p` `h zkukaphuf} e`o` `l bnlfq e` pl hnmf}nuf}kf ni}n}kf `qw`aknhknef hn }`nhknakle` hfq nlhkqkq( efle` wfe}l `snbkln} { e`u`}bkln} hfq wn}b`u}fq bq qkilkjkanukzfq,
@bwh`n} ualkanq e` }k`if ~p` in}nluka`l hn bn{f} `jkak`lakn `l `h pqf e`h nipn { hn fwukbknakl
e` hfq }`ap}qfq cke}afq,
Hfq bufefq e` }k`if q` wp`e`l ahnqkjkan} `l i}nle`q i}pwfq4 }k`if e` qpw`}jkak`( wf} nqw`}qkl(wf} ifu`f { qpmu`}}l`f,
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]k`ifq e` qpw`}jkak`? @qufq qkqu`bnq apm}`l wn}u` f hn ufunhkene e`h u`}}`lf afl nipn, Hnq w}klakwnh`qz`lunonq qfl qpq mnofq afqu`q e` klqunhnakl { bnlu`lkbk`luf { `h mp`l hnznef e` qnh`q ~p` fj}`a`l,Hfq klaflz`lk`lu`q qfl e` bn{f} w`qf wp`quf ~p` ne`bq e` }`~p`}k} pln bnlf e` fm}n qkilkjkanukznqfl hfq bq e`qnaflq`onmh`q e`qe` `h wpluf e` zkqun nbmk`lunh( {n ~p` `h inquf e` nipn ~p`i`l`}nl `q lfunmh`b`lu` `h`znef `l afbwn}nakl afl fu}nq fwakfl`q, Hn `jkak`lakn e` `qu` qkqu`bn`q e`h :7 %( `q e`ak}( e` anen >,777 huq `bwh`nefq q` nw}fz`acnl :77 huq,
]k`if wf} nqw`}qkl? @qu` bufef( npl~p` `ski` `h`znenq anlukene`q e` nipn( uk`l` pl lfunmh`ncf}}f e` hn bkqbn }`qw`auf n hfq qkqu`bnq e` }k`if e` qpw`}jkak , @h }k`if wf} nqw`}qkl nh q`}`l jf}bn e` hhpzkn( cpb`e`a` `h u`}}`lf { hn wn}u` n}`n e` hn zke( hf ~p` cfbfi`l`kn hnu`bw`}nup}n e` hfq }inlfq e` hn whnlun( `hkbkln `h wfhzf { jnakhkun hn `znwfu}nlqwk}nakl e` qpqkqu`bn jfhkn}, Qkl bmn}if w}`q`lun h klaflz`lk`lu` e` ~p` jnzf}`a` hnq `lj`}b`ene`q a}kwufibkanq
wf} hn cpb`ene ~p` q` nwf}un qfm}` hnq cfonq, Q` `qukbn pln `jkak`lakn e`h 97 %,
Pl qkqu`bn }`afb`lenmh` `q `h }k`if wf} bka}fnqw`}qkl, Hn ekj`}`lakn e` `qu` qkqu`bn afl `haflz`lakflnh `q ~p` `h nipn lf `b`}i`( qklf ~p` ~p`en n lkz`h e`h qp`hf afl pln nqw`}qkl bp{w`~p`n e`h nipn,
]k`if wf} ifu`f { qpmu`}}l`f? Nwhkan ifunq e` nipn ek}`aunb`lu` n hnq }na`q e` hn whnlun, Qflhfq bq `jkak`lu`q { hfq ~p` b`of} q` nenwunl n hnq l`a`qkene`q e` hn zkukaphup}n( wp`q qfl anwna`qe` ncf}}n} i}nl anlukene e` nipn nh qkupn} ek}`aunb`lu` qfm}` hn }n `h zfhpb`l e`bnlenef wf}hn whnlun( wfqkmkhkunlef nh bkqbf uk`bwf hn afhfanakl e` j`}ukhknlu`q { jkufqnlkun}kfq( { qklnpb`lun} `h }k`qif e` `lj`}b`ene`q a}kwufibkanq, Qk`bw}` ~p` cn{n pl mp`l ekq`f e`h qkqu`bn
hn `jkak`lakn nhanln `h ;7%Q`ipk} hnq klqu}paakfl`q ~p` anen anbwnn ekau`l hfq Aflq`ofq ]`iphnef}`q f Aflq`ofq e`Aff}eklnakl e` hfq Ekquklukzfq e` Anhkene Zkukzklafhn `skqu`lu`q `l hn Afbplkene Npulfbne` Hn ]kfon,
MWAUq W]FCKMKENQ
W}fckmkef `bwh`n} }k`if wf} klplenakl,
@qu` qkqu`bn e` }k`if q` mnqn `l an}in} e` nipn hn wn}a`hn cnqun klplen} `h u`}}`lf( wf} hf ~p`l`a`qkun e`qukln} pl zfhpb`l e` nipn bp{ `h`znef( aflqpb` `lu}` 17 { ==7 huq&qi e` nipn, ^p`enw}fckmkef wf} hf unluf }`nhkn} `qu` }k`if afl `h jkl e` fwukbkn} `h aflqpbf e`h nipn( }`epak} hfqafqu`q e` `swhfunakl { npb`lun} hn `jkanakn e`h }k`if,
W}fckmkef pukhkn} nipnq }`qkepnh`q qkl hn w}`zkn e`wp}nakl,
Hnq nipnq ~p` cnl qkef aflunbklnenq `l bn{f} f b`lf} i}nef wf} `h pqf enef( nh q`} z`}ukenqnh anpa` e` pl }f w}fzfanl pln nhu`}nakl `l hfq `~pkhkm}kfq jqkafq( ~pbkafq { mkfhikafq e`hnipn, Qk q` e`quklnl nipnq }`qkepnh`q wn}n }k`if( pln w}`bkqn bskbn `q ~p` w}`zknb`lu` e`m`lqpj}k} pl u}nunbk`luf `l pln `qunakl e`wp}nef}n( afl `h fmo`ukzf e` nhanln} plfq wn}b`u}fqe` anhkene ne`apnefq unluf wn}n `h qp`hf afbf wn}n `h aphukzf, Hfq a}ku`}kfq e` anhkene e` pl nipne` }k`if z`le}l klekanefq wf} znhf}`q e` EMF? #E`bnlen mkfhikan e` fsi`lf+( QQ #Qhkefq `l
qpqw`lqkl+( wC( B`unh`q w`qnefq { Wn}b`u}fq mkfhikafq,
W}fckmkef pukhkn} nipnq an}nau`}knenq wf} wn}b`u}fq e` anhkene klufh`}nmh`q wn}n `h aphukzf,
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MWAUq ]@AFB@LENENQW}fi}nbnakfl`q e` }k`if mnqnenq `l `h mnhnla` ce}kaf afl enufq e` `u7 e` `qunakfl`qb`u`f}fhikanq w}skbnq f qkbkhn}`q n hn ahkbnufhfin e` hn wn}a`hn( da e` hn fln { e` nap`}efafl hnq aflekakfl`q e` cpb`ene { an}nau`}qukanq e`h qp`hf `l anen jnq` e`h aphukzf( klu`lunlefaflopin} `h lkz`h e` `qu}q ce}kaf { `h fmo`ukzf e` hfi}n} hn bskbn anhkene e` hfq }nakbfq,
Wn}n n{pen} n hfq ni}kaphuf}`q }kfonlfq `l `h pqf }nakflnh { `jkak`lu` e`h nipn e` }k`if nq afbf`l hn w}fu`aakl e` hfq aphukzfq( q` cn wp`quf `l bn}acn `h QKN] #Q`}zkakf e` Kljf}bnaklNi}fahkbukan e` Hn ]kfon+, @qu` Q`}zkakf hf `lihfmn pln }`e klu`i}nen e` `qunakfl`qni}fb`u`f}fhikanq npufbukanq ekqu}kmpkenq wf} ufef `h u`}}kuf}kf e` hn }`ikl, @h aflopluf e`enufq fmu`lkefq e` hnq b`ekenq }`nhknenq wf} hnq `qunakfl`q qfl e` i}nl pukhkene wn}n hfq zkukaphuf}`q
{n ~p` h`q w`}bkuk}l `lu}` fu}nq naupnakfl`q?
Aflfa`} `l uk`bwf }`nh hn qkupnakl ahkbukan n u}nzq e` hn mnq` e` enufq b`u`f}fhikan?u`bw`}nup}n #e`h nk}` { e`h qp`hf+ & cpb`ene & }neknakl qfhn} & zk`luf #z`hfakene { ek}`aakl+ &w}`akwkunakl Aflfa`} pl aflopluf e` zn}knmh`q ni}fb`u`f}fhikanq anhaphnenq e` klu`}q ni}afhn? klu`i}nhu}bkan & cf}nq j}f & `znwfu}nlqwk}nakl e` }`j`}`lakn #@UF+ Jnakhkun} hn }`nhknakl e` mnhnla`q e` nipn wn}n e`u`}bkln} apnlef { apnluf }`in}, Jnakhkun} hfq wn}b`u}fq l`a`qn}kfq wn}n hn bfe`hknakl `l `h aflu}fh e` whninq { `lj`}b`ene`qafbf `h Bkhekp `l zk`ef `l qkqu`bnq e` w}fepaakl afbwnukmh`q afl `h b`ekf nbmk`lu`,
BNLU@LKBK@LUF E@H QP@HF
Hnq ualkanq e` bnlu`lkbk`luf e`h qp`hf qfl pl aflopluf e` fw`}nakfl`q hh`znenq n hn w}aukannh fmo`uf e` `qunmh`a`} pl mp`l `~pkhkm}kf `lu}` hfq `qunefq jqkaf( ~pbkaf { mkfhikaf e`h qp`hf(aflu}fhn} hn z`i`unakl `qwflul`n( `hkbkln} f hkbkun} hn afbw`u`lakn e` hnq bnhnq ck`}mnq {jnakhkun} `h bnl`of e`h aphukzf, Bnlu`l`} pl ne`apnef `qunef jqkaf e`h qp`hf { e` hn anwn qpw`}jkaknh`q l`a`qn}kf wn}n jnakhkun} hfq klu`}anbmkfq `lu}` hn nubqj`}n { `h qp`hf { cna`} bq jakh `h aphukzfe` hn whnlunakl,
Pln }`q`n e`qunanmh` `q ~p` qk hfq qp`hfq w}`q`lunl `l qp afbwfqkakl pl zfhpb`l qkilkjkanukzfe` bnu`}kn f}ilkan `q bp{ m`l`jkakfqf wf} w}`q`lun} hnq w}fwk`ene`q qkipk`lu`q?
" ekjkaphun hn `}fqkl" kla}`b`lun hn nk}`nakl { hn anwnakene e` nhbna`lnbk`luf e` nipn" kla}`b`lun hn anwnakene e` klu`}anbmkf anuklkaf" kla}`b`lun hn b`u`f}knakl e` hnq }fanq ` kla}`b`lun `h aflu`lkef e` jqjf}f,
Kbwnauf e`h hnmf}`f `l `h qp`hf
W`q` n hn l`a`qkene e` nwhkan} hnmf}`q nh qp`hf ep}nlu` ufef `h w}fa`qf w}fepaukzf e` hn zke wf}hfq m`l`jkakfq ~p` nwf}unl( ekacnq w}aukanq unbmkl w}`q`lunl klaflz`lk`lu`q, Hnq hnmf}`q wp`e`lw}fzfan} `}fqkl( w}eken e` qp`hf { nw`hbnnbk`luf e`h u`}}`lf wf} hfq wnq`q enefq afl hn
bn~pkln}kn ni}afhn, Pl hnmf}`f `sa`qkzf afl e`qb`lpnbk`luf e`h qp`hf jnzf}`a` hn `}fqkl wf}w}fepak} hn }pwup}n e` ni}`inefq qpqa`wukmh`q e` q`} n}}nqu}nefq,
Hfq wnq`q afl bn~pkln}kn w`qnen wp`e`l fanqkfln} pln afbwnaunakl e`h qp`hf hf ~p` ekjkaphun}`h e`qn}}fhhf }nekaphn} e` hn zke `l w}fjplekene,
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@h n}nef { hnq hnmf}`q e` aphukzf i`l`}nl pl kbwnauf qfm}` hn bnu`}kn f}ilkan e`h qp`hf( {n ~p``qunq ualkanq w}fzfanl hn ekqbklpakl e}qukan e` qp aflu`lkef `l `h bkqbf, Hn }`epaakl e` hnbnu`}kn f}ilkan `l hfq anbwfq aphukznefq uk`l` afbf }`qphunef pln }`epaakl e` hn w}fepaaklz`i`unh {n ~p` hn `}fqkl npb`lun { hn anwnakene e` }`u`l`} nipn { nmflfq ekqbklp{`,
Nhu`}nakl e`h akahf e` bnu`}kn
Hn `hkbklnakl e` hn apmk`}un z`i`unh `o`}a` pl kbwnauf lfunmh` qfm}` `h akahf e` hn bnu`}kn, @qu`}`apm}kbk`luf z`i`unh `zkun ~p` hfq bnu`}knh`q q`ekb`lunmh`q e`h qp`hf q` wk`}enl wf} hnznef(wp`quf ~p` hfq bkl`}nh`q e` hn qfhpakl e`h qp`hf qfl anwunefq wf} hnq }na`q e` hnq whnlunq { qfl}`u`lkefq `l hfq u`okefq z`i`unh`q hf ~p` cna` ~p` `h hnznef e`h qp`hf q`n mnof,
Ne`bq( hn apmk`}un z`i`unh nwf}un e`u}kufq nh qp`hf { jnzf}`a` hn jf}bnakl e` cpbpq { n}akhhnq(`h`b`lufq afl anwnakene e` }`u`l`} anukfl`q, Wf} fu}n wn}u` hnq }na`q e` hnq whnlunq enl aflqkqu`laknnh qp`hf { `zkunl hn w}eken e` wn}uaphnq wf} `}fqkl ce}kan { `hkan( `zkunlef e` `qun bnl`}n hnw}eken e` bnu`}knh`q, Wf} `qufq bfukzfq ufefq hfq w}fa`qfq ~p` `hkbklnl hn apmk`}un z`i`unhnpb`lunl jp`}u`b`lu` hn w}eken e` lpu}k`lu`q e`h u`}}`lf,
MWAUq FMHKINUF]KNQ
@qunmh`a`} pln mnlen e` apmk`}un z`i`unh `l hfq mf}e`q e` hn wn}a`hn( n wn}uk} e` =(>7 b,#nlacp}n e`h nw`}f+ e` hn hukbn a`wn( wn}n `zkun} `qaf}}`lunq aflunbklnlu`q
Pl `j`auf klek}`auf lfakzf wn}n `h b`ekf nbmk`lu` ~p` `q wfqkmh` q` i`l`}` ep}nlu` hn nwhkanakle` nmflfq { jkufqnlkun}kfq `l }`nq a`}anlnq n af}}k`lu`q e` nipn( `q ~p` `qufq w}fepaufq hh`ip`ln nhanln} hnq nipnq qpw`}jkaknh`q wf} e`}kzn `l qp nwhkanakl f wf} `qaf}}`lun( hf ~p` w}fzfan}npln aflunbklnakl bq f b`lfq qkilkjkanukzn `l `qufq `afqkqu`bnq napukafq, Hn ufwfi}njn { hnz`i`unakl wp`e`l jnzf}`a`} f kbw`ek} hn `qaf}}`lun e`w`lek`lef e` qk cn{ w}`q`lakn e` unhpe`q{ w`lek`lu`q { w}`q`lakn f npq`lakn e` z`i`unakl,
Pln w}aukan ~p` hfi}n }`qphunefq m`l`jkakfqfq wn}n kbw`ek} `qaf}}`lunq aflunbklnlu`q `q`qunmh`a`} pln mnlen e` apmk`}un z`i`unh `l hfq mf}e`q e` hn wn}a`hn n wn}uk} e` =(>7 e` hn hukbna`wn #b`eken nw}fskbnukzn wf} q`} hn nlacp}n e` pl nw`}f u}nekakflnh+( wp`quf ~p` qp w}`q`laknekqbklpk} q`lqkmh`b`lu` hn `qaf}}`lun `l afbwn}nakl afl hfq qp`hfq e`qlpefq nh fmqunaphkn}`h wnqf e` nipn wf} hn qpw`}jkak` e` pl u`}}`lf,
MWAUq W]FCKMKENQ
W}fckmkef pqn} c`}mkakenq lf klekanefq `l `h nl`sf KKK,
MWAUq ]@AFB@LENENQ
Lf nwhkan} c`}mkakenq nh >77% e` hn qpw`}jkak` #lf aphukzf+,
Hn }`afb`lenakl e` lf nwhkan} c`}mkakenq nh >77 % e` hn qpw`}jkak` ~p`en opqukjkanef wf}~p`?
" Nh q`ipk} pl w}fi}nbn e` w}fepaakl }`qw`upfqf afl `h b`ekf nbmk`lu` q` uk`l` ~p` w}fbfz`}hn }`epaakl e`h pqf e` c`}mkakenq" Lf `q l`a`qn}kf }`nhkn} nwhkanakfl`q `h`znenq wn}n aflq`ipk} hfq }`qphunefq e`q`nefq" Nh nwhkan} c`}mkakenq `l `h >77% e` hn qpw`}jkak` q` }`epa` hn kljkhu}nakl e`h nipn wf} hnafbwnaunakl e`h u`}}`lf
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" E`a}`a` hn nwn}kakl e` }`qkqu`laknq e` bnhnq ck`}mnq #klz`}qkl e` hn jhf}n+"Q` `zkun e` `qun jf}bn hn napbphnakl e` c`}mkakenq `l `h qp`hf( qfm}` ufef qk q` nwhkanlc`}mkakenq }`qkepnh`q ~p` hp`if wp`e`l w}fzfan} jkufufskakene`q" Q` `zkun hn aflunbklnakl e` nipnq qpmu`}}l`nq" Q` `zkun pl `lz`o`akbk`luf w}`bnup}f e`h zk`ef
Lf `q aflz`lk`lu` bnlu`l`} `h qp`hf e`qw}fzkquf e` z`i`unakl {n ~p` q` z`l wfu`laknefq hfqj`lb`lfq `}fqkzfq { q` jnzf}`a` hn jf}bnakl e` afqu}n qpw`}jkaknh #kbwke` hn w`}b`nmkhkene e`hu`}}`lf+,
@l n~p`hhnq whnlunakfl`q ~p` ekqwflinl e` apmk`}un z`i`unh `qwflul`n ep}nlu` hfq b`q`q e`fuff ` klzk`}lf( bnlu`l`}hn ep}nlu` unh w`}kfef,
Bnlu`l`} pln mnlen z`i`unh `qwflul`n `l hn zkn nwf}un pln q`}k` e` an}nau`}qukanq m`l`jkakfqnqwn}n `h qp`hf { `h aphukzf?
N{pen e` jf}bn w}`z`lukzn n hn w}fu`aakl qnlkun}kn e` hn zke Npb`lun hn mkfekz`}qkene e` hn jnpln npskhkn} #klq`aufq { an}fq m`l`jkakfqfq wn}n hn zke+ wf}w}fwf}akfln}h`q }`jpikf { nhkb`luf, N{pen n aflu}fhn
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