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VERB TO BE SER O ESTAR

tabla 1

present simple

I AM YO SOY/ESTOY

YOU ARE - T ERES/ESTS

HE, SHE, IT IS - L, ELLA, ELLO ES/EST

WE ARE - NOSOTROS SOMOS/ESTAMOS

YOU ARE - VOSOTROS SOIS/ESTIS

THEY ARE - ELLOS SON/ESTN

past simple

I WAS - YO ERA/ESTABAYO FUI/ESTUVE

YOU WERE - T ERAS/ESTABAST FUISTE/ESTUVISTE

HE, SHE, IT WAS - L ERA/ELLA ESTABAELLO FUE/ESTUVO

WE WERE - RAMOS/ESTBAMOS

FUIMOS/ESTUVIMOS

YOU WERE - VOSOTROS ERAIS/ESTABAISFUISTEIS/ESTUVISTEIS

THEY WERE - ELLOS ERAN/ESTABANFUERON/ESTUVIERON

past participle: BEENgerund: BEING

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Examples:

I am a little girl.Yo soy una nia pequea.

Are you deaf or what?T ests sordo o qu?

She is out.Ella est fuera.

We are friends.Nosotras somos amigas.

You two are English.Vosotros dos sois ingleses.

They are selfish.Ellos son egostas.

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tabla 2

Pronombre VerboI (yo) AmYou (t) AreHe (l) IsShe (ella) IsIt (ello, esto) IsWe (nosotros) AreYou (vosotros) AreThey (ellos) Are

1)En la primera parte del ejercicio tenemos que sustituir el nombrepropio del sujeto (si lo hay) por un pronombre. Ej:

Mary is sick -> She is sickJohn is deaf -> He is deafThe cat is out -> It is outSteph and I are friends -> We are friends

Steph and you are partners -> You are partnersSteph and Mary are together -> They are together

En caso de no haber nombre propio, bastar con subrayar el pronombre:

I am a little girlYou are polite

** Si el sujeto es el nombre comn de un objeto en singular:

My ball is dirty -> It is dirty

** Pero si el sujeto es un objeto en plural:

My shoes are wet -> They are wet

** Si el sujeto es un nombre compuesto:

The policeman is angry -> He is angryThe policemen are angry -> They are angryMy woman is very kind -> She is very kindWomen are not weak -> They are not weak

Es decir, no olvidemos:

A man -> Un hombre (HE)The men -> Dos o ms hombres (THEY)A woman -> Una mujer (SHE)The women -> Dos o ms mujeres (THEY)

** El pronombre, como es sabido, es una palabra que sustituye al nombre.Por tanto, si sustituimos el nombre por el pronombre, sustituido est, yano es necesario repetirlo:The firemen are brave -> They are brave.Es un error muy comn pero imperdonable decir: The firemen they arebrave.

2) Una vez identificado el pronombre sujeto, no nos costar ningntrabajo introducir el verbo. sta es la segunda parte del ejercicio:

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The sun ____ shinyThe moon ____ pale

3)En la tercera parte, hay que pasar la forma completa de la frase a laforma contrada:

tabla 3Afirmacin Negacin

I Im Im not

You Youre Youre notYou arent

He Hes Hes notHe isnt

She Shes Shes notShe isnt

It Its Its notIt isnt

We Were Were notWe arent

You Youre Youre notYou arent

They Theyre Theyre notThey arent

Ejemplos:

Mary is my friend -> Marys my friend / Shes my friendJohn is my brother -> Johns my brother / Hes my brother.

Es preferible usar la primera forma, con el nombre y el verbo pegado aste. Sin embargo, esto slo se puede hacer con la tercera persona desingular (is), puesto que fonticamente cualquier palabra acepta una sal final:Johns out.Marys sick.My fathers a carpenter.

No ocurre lo mismo con las otras personas:Susie and Bill are in the cinema -> Theyre in the cinema(Imposible pronunciar: Susie and Billre in the cinema)

Bill and I are friends -> Were friends(Aunque se pueda pronunciar, no es correcta la forma: Bill and Irefriends)

** Si la frase va en forma negativa:

Jeff and Mike are not at home -> Jeff and Mike arent at homeTheyre not at home

4) La cuarta parte consiste en pasar la frase a pregunta. Cmo se hace

esto?

John is a very noisy boy -> Is John a very noisy boy?

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Fcil. Bastar con colocar el verbo al principio y luego copiar el restode la frase tal cual. Y digo tal cual, sin olvidarnos de ninguna letra:

Motorcycles are very dangerous for everybody -> Are motorcycles verydangerous for everybody?

The fireman is tired -> Is the fireman tired?

** Si la frase va en negativo:My cousins not here -> Isnt my cousin here?

O sea, cogemos el verbo ms la partcula negativa (not) y lo colocamos enforma contrada al principio de la frase. El resto lo copiamos tal cual:

Things are not always what they seem -> Arent things always what theyseem?

** Si la frase va en primera persona y negacin:

I am not comfortable -> Arent I comfortable?

Entindase, la contraccin am + not es imposible (o, mejor dicho,demasiado vulgar y coloquial) y, como necesitamos el verbo ms lanegacin en forma contrada para empezar la pregunta, usamos entonces elarent:

I am not fine -> Arent I fine?

5) La ltima parte es la traduccin. Para ello, evidentemente, habr queestudiarse todo el vocabulario que hemos ido viendo en clase. Tambindeberemos aprender a manejar el diccionario con soltura y no olvidar

ciertas claves:

El verbo to be significa en castellano ser o estar. As:

Im a young lady -> Yo soy una seoritaIm hungry -> Estoy hambrientaWere at home -> Estamos en casaYoure not polite at all -> No eres nada educado / No sois nada educados.

Por supuesto, dado el nivel de la clase, a la hora de corregir esteprofesor tendr cierta manga ancha con este apartado.

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Ejercicio I (en el cuaderno)

a) Identifica el pronombre sujeto.

b) Introduce la forma correcta del verbo to be.

c) Reescribe la frase con todas las contracciones posibles.

d) Psala a pregunta.

e) Traduce.

Ejemplo 1:My dog is not very healthy. (It)c) (contraction 1) My dogs not very healthy.

(contraction 2) My dog isnt very healthy.d) (question) Isnt my dog very healthy?e) (translation) Mi perro no est muy sano.

Ejemplo 2:My neighbours are nice. (They)c) (contraction 1) Theyre nice.

(contraction 2)d) (question) Are my neighbours nice?

e) (translation) Mis vecinos son agradables/majos/ simpticos.

1. My parents ____ out tonight.

2. You ____ not welcome here anymore.

3. The music ___ quite good.

4. Martha and Preston _____ good friends.

5. Lisa and I _____ not tired of playing.

6. Miracles ____ not common nowadays.

7. The skirt _____ clean.

9. The moon ____ bright and still.

8. Food and water _____ always necessary.

9. The cats ____ on the roof.

10. That elephant ____ grey.

11. I ____ not sad.

12. My uncle ____ very tall.

13. My aunt ___ thirty eight years old.

14. My cousins _____ very young.

15. You ____ not deaf.

16. Bats ____ blind.

17. This horse ____ very vigorous.

18. English people ____ Anglican.

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19. My teacher ____ very sensitive.

20. The dressmaker _____ happy and joyful.

21. The driver ____ lost.

22. Mathematicians ____ quiet and peaceful.

23. Jenny and I ____ on holidays.

Ejercicio II (en el cuaderno)

Rellena los espacios en blanco con el verbo to be y traduce.

01. The music good in here.

02. It not true. You a liar.

03. I dont want to play now. I really tired.

04. Unfortunately my birthday on Monday.

05. We sweet. We dont use that kind of language in this house.

06. The policemen usually very polite.

07. You, Paul and David, come here! You punished!

08. She waited for almost an hour. I think she in love with him.

09. Paris in Texas, USA.

10. It half past six. You late!

11. I dont feel well. I think I sick.12. He hungry. He loves chocolate.

13. It is hot and we short of water.

14. My shoes dirty because it raining outside.

15. It almost Christmas. nt you happy?

16. They sleeping. Dont make noise.

17. We brother and sister.

18. I Johns sister. So he my brother.

19. Mary Jane interested in spiders.

20. This the end.

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Ejercicio III (en el cuaderno)

Construye una oracin con estas palabras y el verbo to be y traduce.

01.(My keys / lost.)

02. (I / sorry, I / late for dinner)

03. (He / not / as smart as you think)

04. (You / my best friend)

05. (She / not / my sister)

06. (We / waiting for the summer rain)

07. ( The child / crying)

08. (Your children / so sweet)

09. (Sally / sixteen years old)

10. ( It / quarter past six)

11. (It / quarter to ten)

12. (Half past six)

13. (Twenty to eleven)

14. (Today / my birthday)

15. (Today / Wednesday, November the tenth)

16. (My mother / a waitress. My father / a carpenter. They / my parents.)

17. (January / a cold month.)

18. (I / always sad in November. It / dark blue outside.)

19. (It / not / eleven oclock. It / noon.)

20. (Stephanie / four years older than my brother. My brother / twelveyears. So Steph / sixteen.)

21. (Bill and Joe / piano players. They play in a band and they / verygood.)

22. (Tom, Joe and I / football players. We / good friends.)