VERB ENDINGS

RECOGNIZE THEMIDENTIFY THEMUSE THEM

Always memorize the endings in the same order.

1 yo 2 tú 3 él / ella / usted 4 nosotros/nosotras 5 ellos / ellas / ustedes

THE PRESENT INDICATIVE

AR VERB ENDINGS

1. o

2. as

3. a

4. amos

5. an

THE PRESENT INDICATIVE

ER VERB ENDINGS

1. o

2. es

3. e

4. emos

5. en

THE PRESENT INDICATIVE

IR VERB ENDINGS

1. o

2. es

3. e

4. imos

5. en

¡OJO! “ER” AND “IR” ENDING ARE THE SAME EXCEPT FOR THE “NOSOTROS” FORM

IR VERB ENDINGS 1. o 2. es 3. e 4. imos 5. en

ER VERB ENDINGS•1. o•2. es •3. e•4. emos•5. en

Know an example of the “Present Indicative” in English.

1. I speak Spanish. 2. You speak Spanish. 3. He speaks Spanish.

She speaks Spanish. 4. We speak Spanish. 5. They speak Spanish.

Know how to find the stem

of an infinitive verb.

To find the stem of an infinitive verb, remove the “ar”, “er’, “ir” at the end.

Remember an “infinitive verb” has not been conjugated. (changed)

Now what?

Put the appropriate ending on the “stem.” “Hablar” is an infinitive verb, an “ar” verb. Remove the “ar” and you are left with the

stem.

Hablar Habl• Add the ending you need.• o, as, a, amos, an are the endings.

So………. If you want the “yo” form, add the ending

for “yo.” Yo o

Habl + o = hablo or Yo hablo.

Many of the other tenses in Spanish work the same way.

The Preterite is one of them.

The Preterite is used for talking about something that end at a definite time in the past.

Example: I ate bacon and eggs for breakfast yesterday.

Memorize the Preterite endings

AR Verbs ER Verbs IR Verbs

1. é 1. í 1. í2. aste 2. iste 2. iste 3. ó 3. ió 3. ió4. amos 4. imos 4. imos 5. aron 5. ieron 5. ieron

Note: the “er” and “ir” endings are the same.

The “Imperfect” is another past tense that works the same way.

It is used to talk about an on going, or habitual activity in the past.

Example:

I used to eat eggs for breakfast everyday.

I always ate eggs and bacon.

I was eating eggs three times a week.

The Imperfect Endings.

Ar Er and Ir

1. aba 1. ía

2. abas 2. ías

3. aba 3. ía

4. ábamos 4. íamos

5. aban 5. ían

The Present Perfect

English example: I have eaten already. The Present perfect is constructed a different

way than the previous tenses. It is a compound verb tense. In other words, it is composed of 2 verbs.

The Present Perfect

The present tense of the verb “haber” is used. “Haber” means “to have”: it is only used in the “Perfect” tenses

1. he 2. has 3. ha 4. hemos 5. han

The “Present Perfect” also requires a “past participle.”

Form the “past participle” by dropping the “ar, er, ir” ending.

Add “ado” for “ar” verbs Add “ido” for “er and ir” verbs

Example: hablar habl +ado=hablado

“Comer” turns into “comido”

“Vivir” turns into “vivido”

The Present Perfect uses “haber” and a past participle.

Example:

Yo he hablado mucho hoy. “he” is the “yo” form of “haber.” “hablado” is the past participle of hablar.

In English, ”I have spoken a lot today or I have talked a lot today.”

The Future Tense

The “Future Tense” is used to talk about things that haven’t happened yet.

It is used to talk about future events or things that will happen.

In English, the Future Tense always has the word “will” in front of the verb.

Example: I will have a chicken ranch and we will eat the eggs!

Or, in other words, the “Infinitive” is

used as the stem. The Infinitive + future ending= the future

tense

Example: hablar + é = hablaré

The “Future Endings” are attached to the entire

“Infinitive Verb”.

The Future Endings

“Ar,” “Er,” and “Ir” verbs all use the same endings in the Future.

1. é 2. ás 3. á 4. emos 5. án

The Conditional Tense The “Conditional Tense” is used to talk about

things that haven’t happened. It is used to talk about things would happen

under certain conditions. In English, the Conditional Tense always has

the word “would” in front of the verb. Example: I would have a chicken ranch and

we would eat the eggs!