utopia and the project for the

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Q1 Scenari, a cura di Maria Chiara Tosi Q2 New Territories, a cura di Paola Viganò Q3 Comment vivre ensemble, a cura di Paola Pellegrini e Paola Viganò Q4 Storie del futuro, di Paolo Bozzuto, Andrea Costa, Lorenzo Fabian, Paola Pellegrini Q5 Landscapes of urbanism, a cura di Viviana Ferrario, Angelo Sampieri, Paola Viganò Q6 The Next Urban Question, a cura di Valentina Bandieramonte, Chiara Cavalieri, Irene Guida, Kaveh Rashidzadeh Q7 Suolo, a cura di Monica Bianchettin Del Grano Q8 Bernardo Secchi. Libri e piani, a cura di Cristina Renzoni e Maria Chiara Tosi Q9 Utopia and the Project for the City and Territory, a cura di Luca Velo e Michela Pace utopia and the project for the city and territory Luca Velo, Michela Pace eds. utopia and the project for the city and territory Q9 utopia and the project for the city and territory 40209 € 28,00 utopia and the project of the city territory Paola Viganò the urbanistic imagination Andrea Cavalletti what is inside Bernardo Secchi’s non-trivial machine? Daniele Vazquez Pizzi living urbanism. The bio-political paradigm in the research of Bernardo Secchi Giuseppe Caridi small and great utopias Marco de Michelis postmodern dystopias: populist landscapes Federico Ferrari the city as a project– the farm as a hobby Diederik de Koning those absent objects of desire: utopia in architecture Camilo Vladimir de Lima Amaral icon seeks icons. image related rhetoric for place production in London Michela Pace a new geography? utopia in the age of metacity David Graham Shane from ‘redeeming’ to ‘humanising’ the land: utopias in Italy after WWII Alessandra Casu the viennese terrassenhaus: an example of a utopian reality? Lorenzo De Chiffre Handwerk und Kleinstadt: the Heinrich Tessenow’s urban utopia Gianluca Gnisci utopias as practice. on imagination and the subjects that urbanism moves Michiel Dehaene utopia as metaphor of Colin Rowe and the analogous city of Aldo Rossi Alioscia Mozzato the site-specific manifestos Carlo Pisano utopia between collage and modification Marco Voltini multi-functional networks for territories - an utopia or a resilience strategy? Dan Narita atlas of a utopia Qinyi Zhang the new dutch horizon Iulia Cristina Sirbu the concrete and uncertain utopia Luca Velo Turgut cansever in Istanbul, identity and utopia of urban design Eliana Martinelli Beirut: the image and the mask. From the modernity utopia to the contemporaneity eu-topia as the difference spot Cristian Gori towards common imaginaries for a shared Cyprus Andrea Verni regional design for strategic planning: a vision for the metropolitan city of Florence Valeria Lingua Q9 officina edizioni oe This volume explores the multifaceted aspects of Utopia, considered as an “extreme effort in imagination”. This approach implies a survey of the most powerful criticisms of the exiting as a possible alternative to approach urbanism. An effort able to conceptualize the city, the territory and the society against new backgrounds in order to understand the future. The reflection on Utopia investigates the need to find a stronger and more flexible language, adequate to describe the complexity of the different elements of the contemporary. The urban project should reaffirm its role as critical tool amongst actors and places, being a ground for representation and confrontation to finally contribute the exploration of reality. After today’s growing crisis and uncertainties in democracy, economy and society new challenges are established. They need to be understood through investigation and construction of innovative and original devices. Utopia, as for Bernardo Secchi, is a specific mode developed by the Western culture to imagine the future, with the elaboration of the city and its design at its centre. Urbanism reflects on the best of possible worlds, not in an abstract way but, in Bernardo Secchi’s words, through the immersion of a wide number of practices and the conscious modification of the city and territory. Referring to the 500th anniversary of the publication of Utopia by Thomas More, this book is a collection of essays, scientifically peer reviewed by a network of scholars and academics in urbanism. They were originally presented in the first Bernardo Secchi’s Study Day in November 2016, and sponsored by the Doctorate School of Architecture, City and Design. The event took place at the Iuav University of Venice, the same school he taught for many years becoming a reference for several student generations. On cover: detail from Bernardo Secchi’s preparatory notes for a cycle of lessons about the role of Utopia in Urbanism (November-December 1991). Courtesy of Annacarla, Maralessandra and Piercesare Secchi, p. 117.

Transcript of utopia and the project for the

Q1 Scenari, a cura di Maria Chiara TosiQ2 New Territories, a cura di Paola ViganòQ3 Comment vivre ensemble, a cura di Paola

Pellegrini e Paola ViganòQ4 Storie del futuro, di Paolo Bozzuto, Andrea

Costa, Lorenzo Fabian, Paola PellegriniQ5 Landscapes of urbanism, a cura di Viviana

Ferrario, Angelo Sampieri, Paola ViganòQ6 The Next Urban Question, a cura di

Valentina Bandieramonte, Chiara Cavalieri, Irene Guida, Kaveh Rashidzadeh

Q7 Suolo, a cura di Monica Bianchettin Del GranoQ8 Bernardo Secchi. Libri e piani, a cura di

Cristina Renzoni e Maria Chiara TosiQ9 Utopia and the Project for the City and

Territory, a cura di Luca Velo e Michela Pace

utopia and the project for the city and territoryLuca Velo, Michela Pace eds.

utopia and th

e project for the city an

d territory

Q9 utopia an

d th

e project for the city an

d territory

40209€ 28,00

utopia and the project of the city territory Paola Viganò • the urbanistic imagination Andrea  Cavalletti • what is inside Bernardo Secchi’s non-trivial machine? Daniele  Vazquez  Pizzi • living urbanism. The bio-political paradigm in the research of Bernardo Secchi Giuseppe  Caridi • small and great utopias Marco  de  Michelis • postmodern dystopias: populist landscapes Federico Ferrari • the city as a project–the farm as a hobby Diederik de Koning • those absent objects of desire: utopia in architecture Camilo  Vladimir  de  Lima  Amaral • icon seeks icons. image related rhetoric for place production in London Michela Pace • a new geography? utopia in the age of metacity David Graham Shane • from ‘redeeming’ to ‘humanising’ the land: utopias in Italy after WWII Alessandra Casu • the viennese terrassenhaus: an example of a utopian reality? Lorenzo  De  Chiffre • Handwerk und Kleinstadt: the Heinrich Tessenow’s urban utopia Gianluca Gnisci • utopias as practice. on imagination and the subjects that urbanism moves Michiel Dehaene • utopia as metaphor of Colin Rowe and the analogous city of Aldo Rossi Alioscia Mozzato • the site-specific manifestos Carlo Pisano • utopia between collage and modification Marco Voltini • multi-functional networks for territories - an utopia or a resilience strategy? Dan Narita • atlas of a utopia Qinyi Zhang • the new dutch horizon Iulia Cristina Sirbu • the concrete and uncertain utopia Luca Velo • Turgut cansever in Istanbul, identity and utopia of urban design Eliana Martinelli • Beirut: the image and the mask. From the modernity utopia to the contemporaneity eu-topia as the difference spot Cristian Gori • towards common imaginaries for a shared Cyprus Andrea Verni • regional design for strategic planning: a vision for the metropolitan city of Florence Valeria Lingua

Q9officina edizionioe

This volume explores the multifaceted aspects of Utopia, considered as an “extreme effort in imagination”. This approach implies a survey of the most powerful criticisms of the exiting as a possible alternative to approach urbanism. An effort able to conceptualize the city, the territory and the society against new backgrounds in order to understand the future. The reflection on Utopia investigates the need to find a stronger and more flexible language, adequate to describe the complexity of the different elements of the contemporary. The urban project should reaffirm its role as critical tool amongst actors and places, being a ground for representation and confrontation to finally contribute the exploration of reality. After today’s growing crisis and uncertainties in democracy, economy and society new challenges are established. They need to be understood through investigation and construction of innovative and original devices. Utopia, as for Bernardo Secchi, is a specific mode developed by the Western culture to imagine the future, with the elaboration of the city and its design at its centre. Urbanism reflects on the best of possible worlds, not in an abstract way but, in Bernardo Secchi’s words, through the immersion of a wide number of practices and the conscious modification of the city and territory. Referring to the 500th anniversary of the publication of  Utopia  by Thomas More, this book is a collection of essays, scientifically peer reviewed by a network of scholars and academics in urbanism. They were originally presented in the first Bernardo Secchi’s Study Day in November 2016, and sponsored by the Doctorate School of Architecture, City and Design. The event took place at the Iuav University of Venice, the same school he taught for many years becoming a reference for several student generations.

On cover: detail from Bernardo Secchi’s preparatory notes for a cycle of lessons about the role of Utopia in Urbanism (November-December 1991). Courtesy of Annacarla, Maralessandra and Piercesare Secchi, p. 117.

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CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

UtopiaandTheProjectofTheCityTerritoryPaola Viganò

ExploringUtopia:aShortIntroductionLuca Velo

AN EXTREME EFFORT OF IMAGINATION

19 TheUrbanisticImaginationAndrea Cavalletti

25 WhatisInsideBernardoSecchi’sNon-TrivialMachine?Daniel Vazquez Pizzi

30 LivingUrbanism.TheBio-PoliticalParadigmintheResearchofBernardoSecchiGiuseppe Caridi

IMAGINARIES, IDEALS AND UTOPIAS

37 SmallandGreatUtopiasMarco de Michelis

42 PostmodernDystopias:PopulistLandscapesFederico Ferrari

49 TheCityasaProject–TheFarmasaHobbyDiederik de Koning

54 ThoseAbsentObjectsofDesire:UtopiainArchitectureCamilo Vladimir de Lima Amaral

60 IconSeeksIcons.ImageRelatedRhetoricforPlaceProductioninLondonMichela Pace

UTOPIAS OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

69 ANewGeography?UtopiaintheAgeofMetacityDavid Graham Shane

78 From‘Redeeming’to‘Humanising’theLand:UtopiasinItalyAfterWWIIAlessandra Casu

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83 TheVienneseTerrassenhaus:AnExampleofaUtopianReality?Lorenzo De Chiffre

88 HandwerkundKleinstadt:theHeinrichTessenow’sUrbanUtopiaGianluca Gnisci

UTOPIAS AS VISIONS

95 UtopiasasPractice Onimaginationandthesubjectsthaturbanismmoves

Michiel Dehaene

101 UtopiaasMetaphorofColinRoweandtheAnalogousCityofAldoRossiAlioscia Mozzato

107 TheSite-SpecificManifestos:aPreciseFormofUtopiaCarlo Pisano

112 UtopiaBetweenCollageandModificationMarco Voltini

117 Multi-functionalNetworksforTerritories-AnUtopiaoraResilienceStrategy?Dan Narita

124 AtlasofaUtopiaQinyi Zhang

130 TheNewDutchHorizonIulia Cristina Sirbu

UTOPIAS, CITIES, VISIONS AND POLITICS

137 TheConcreteandUncertainUtopiaLuca Velo

142 TurgutCanseverinIstanbul,IdentityandUtopiaofUrbanDesignEliana Martinelli

147 Beirut:theImageandtheMask Fromthemodernityutopiatothecontemporaneityeu-topiaasthedifferencespot

Cristian Gori

152 TowardsCommonImaginariesforaShared1CyprusAndrea Verni

158 RegionalDesignforStrategicPlanning:AVisionfortheMetropolitanCityofFlorenceValeria Lingua

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Turgut Cansever in Istanbul, Identity and Utopia of Urban Design

Eliana Martinelli

THE POLYCENTRIC URBAN MODELSince1957TurgutCanseverstartsworkingontheIstanbulMasterPlanwithLuigiPiccinato,criticizingthepreviousProstplanforthecity(1936-1951).Thefirstproject,withwhombeginafruitfulcollaborationbetweentheItalianurbanplannerandtheTurkishadministrations,isthatforthesatellitecityofAtaköy(1956-59),whichprovidesacomplexsystemofaccommodatingandbathing facilities, separated fromthe residentialareabyacoastal road(Malusardi1993).TogetherwithPiccinato,Canseverplansthedevelopmentofseveralsatellitecitiestoenablethedistributionofservicesandpopulationontheterritory,preservingthehistoricpeninsulafromtheconstructionofimposingtrafficroutes,whichwereinsteadproposed,andpartlyimplemented,bytheProstplan.AccordingtoCansever,thereferenceforthefuturelayoutofthecity,inanticipationofpopulationgrowth,liesinthepast,preciselyintheOttomancities.Untilthelatenineteenthcentury,whattodayisasinglecityconsistedofthreeindependentcentralities,Istanbul,GalataandPera;itwas‘triune’,asLeCorbusierwrotein1911(LeCorbusier1974).Inadditiontothese,thereweretheholycityofEyüpandthevillagesontheBosphorus,inahierarchyofindependentcentralities,neverthelessactingasauniquecity.Insteadofacentralizedsystem,whichwouldlead,asithappened,to thedestructionofarchitecturalheritage, to thepollutionand to theproperty speculationwithin thehistoricpeninsula,Canseversuggestedamultipolarsystem,infullrespectofIstanbultopography,historyandespeciallyinregardtothepeoplepsychologicalnecessities.IntheMasterPlanproposedbyPiccinato,Istanbulisrepresentedintheformofthreedistinctcoredistricts,Stanbul,BeyoğluandÜsküdar,separatedfromeachotherbytheGoldenHornandtheBosphorus.Thesatellitecitiesareconnectedto these,andtheir traffic routes lead into the Istanbul–Edirne–Londonhighway, themainaxisofthe national highway system (Malusardi 1993). According to the two urban planners, thanks to such a trafficplanningstrategy,itispossiblenottounderminethehistoricalcitycentrewithfurtherdemolitions,developingatthesametimeanopenurbanmodel,abletoextenditselfthroughamultiplicationofcentralities,inanticipationofademographicincrease.The advantage of this solution is demonstrated by some Cansever’s sketches, describing different possibledevelopmentsofthecityofIstanbul.ForCansever,however,thepolycentricmodelismuchmorethananoperationalchoice:itrepresentsthepossibilityofreconstitutingtheurbanidentityofIstanbul,builtmodeloftheOttomancity,rediscoveringinthemeantimeaculturalandsocialidentity,deeplyincrisisinTurkeyatthattime.Thearchitecttalksabouta‘relationalpattern’(Cansever2010)betweenthevariousurbanareas.Between1965and1966,CansevercarriesoutacarefulhistoricalanalysisofthetransitionperiodatthetimeoftheTanzimat1(1839-1876),duringwhichIstanbulmodernizedanddemographicallygrew,havingsimultaneouslytotackletheproblemoftransportationsandconnectionsbetweenvariousdistricts.Sincethen,Beyoğlubecamethenewculturalcentreofthecity,whiletheGoldenHornswitchedfromrecreationalcentretostorageareaforgoodsderivingfromshipping.Startingfromthisanalysis,thearchitecttriestoanswertotheneedsimposedbythecontingentincreaseofpopulation,thataccordingtohispredictions,provedtoberealistic,couldhavereachedthenumberofaboutsixmillioninhabitantsby1985(ibidem)andthengrownagain.InthereportCanseverhighlights

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the opportunity to build, on the opposite sides of the Bosphorus, two different but functionally autonomoussettlementsthatminimizetheneedtocrosstheseastraight,inordertoavoidtheconstructionofotherbridges,andconsequentlyofotherroadsandrailways.InpointingoutthepotentialofIstanbul,Canseveralsodrawsattentiontothevariousseasthatborderthecity,eachwithitsownclimaticandnaturalconditions,whichcangiverisetodifferenttypesofrecreationalactivities,necessarytomakethesettlementseconomicallyself-sufficient.Thearchitectidentifiessomestrategiesforthecorrectplanningoftheterritory,suchastheseparationofresidentialareas, located into thenatural landscapeanddrivenby socio-cultural activities, from thedistrictshostingothercollectivefunctions.Inthecontemporarycitythisisreflectedinaseparationbetweenresidentialneighbourhoods,supportedbyrecreationalactivities,andbusinessandproductivedistricts,inlinewithPiccinato’sideaforthefuturelayoutofthecity.

DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS FOR THE CITYThecollaborationwithLuigiPiccinatocontinuesduringthe‘70s,whenCansever,astheheadoftheGreaterIstanbulPlanningAuthority,promotedtheGeneralPlanningandUrbanDevelopmentStudy(1974-75).InthesameyearstheTurkishgovernmententrustedPiccinatowiththetaskofadvisorforthestudiesoftheIstanbulMetropolitanAreaPlan,tobecarriedoutincoordinationwiththeMinistryoftheRegionalPlanningofMarmara(Malusardi1993).Probablythankstothislongperiodofcollaboration,thetwodesignersmaturedarelationshipofmutualestimationandfriendship.

Comparison between the different developments for Istanbul (Cansever, 1981, p.79). Courtesy Cansever family.

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During theperiodofdirectionof thePlanningAuthorityCanseverworks, as Piccinatohadalreadydone, on thesatellitecityofAtaköy,planningabusinesscentrenexttotheYeşilköyInternationalAirport,withinaparkofaboutthreehundredhectares,inordertomovetheeconomicengineofthecityoutsideoftheancienttown(Cansever1981).Amongtheotherurbanprojects,themostremarkablearethoseforthesettlementsalongtheMarmaraSeacoast(1976-78).IntheprivatearchiveoftheCanseverfamilywerefoundinparticulartwo:oneforthestretchbetweenHaydarpaşaandBostancıontheAsianside,theotherfortheYeşilköy-BakırköydistrictontheEuropeanside.Theplanningprogramsalsoincludeaseriesofpedestrianizationprojects(1976-78),stronglysupportedbyCansever,that assume importance if assessed in the overall rehabilitation of the Istanbul’s open spaces. In this sense,Cansever’sprojectforBeyazıtSquare(1958-61),thefirstpedestrianizationprojectinTurkey,anticipatedanintent,whichlaterrevealedanorganiccharacter.Fromthearchiveresearch,twootherpedestrianizationprojectsresulted,inadditiontothatfortheBeyazıtarea:oneforthesquareoverlookingtheNewMosque(Yeni Cami),theotherforanareainterposedbetweentheMosqueofMihrimahandthatofKariye,neartheEdirnegate.Fromtheseplans,itisreadabletheintentiontopromote,throughtheoustingofvehicles,thepreservationofcertainareasofthecity,whichhaveagreathistoricalsignificanceandatthesameastrategicimportancefortheirposition.ThefirstindeedislocatedinfrontoftheGalatabridge,theoldestbridgeontheGoldenHorn;thesecondisnearthemostimportantgateoftheancientcity.Consideringthethreepedestrianprojectsasawhole,wecouldsaythatCanseverworksexactlyatthemainpointsofaccesstothehistoricalPeninsula,forthosecomingfromEastorWest.Thetwodirections,whilenoteasilydetectableforthedensestratificationofIstanbul,convergeonapivotrepresentedbyBeyazıtSquare,centrallylocatedinthe

Position of the pedestrianization project areas within the historical peninsula. Image elaborated by the author.

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ancientcity.Eventoday,thesethreeareasareunsolvedplacesofthecity,whichhavelosttheirrepresentativeandidentityaspect,especiallybecauseofthenumerousdemolitionsincurredovertime.

CONSERVATION AND DESIGNInthesamecontext,thegentrificationproposalsforthehistoricalsettlementsofSüleymaniye,Zeyrek,EyüpandAyasofyaarerelevant,especiallyfortheideathat‘design’and‘conservation’,‘construction’and‘reconstruction’areactuallyinseparableconcepts.ForCanseverindeed,thethemeof‘conservation’includesnotonlythepreservationofremainsofarchitecturalheritage,butalsotherebuildingofsocialandculturalrelationalpatternsthathavebeenlost,throughthereconstructionofthecity’sarchitecture2.ManyoftheseproposalsaredevelopedtogetherwiththearchitectandprofessorNezihEldem(1921-2005).CanseverandNezihEldem’sarchitecturestudentstakepartintheseprojects,whicharerealfieldresearches,withadvicefromtheUNESCOrepresentatives.Amongothers,themostremarkableistherehabilitationprojectfortheareabetweenSultanahmetandHagiaSophia,inwhichseveralmorphologicalandfunctionalunits,constitutingsub-areaswithinthewholeneighbourhood,areidentified.Foreachoneisproposedadifferenttypeofintervention,whichtakesintoaccountthespecificformalandfunctionalcharacteristics.Inparticular,accordingtotheConservationandDevelopmentPlanpromotedbytheDepartmentofMonumentsandSites,thewoodenhousesofSoğukçeşmeStreetareconsideredmonumentsofgreathistoricalinterest,astheyrepresentsomeofthefewremainingexamplesofancienthousingarchitectureinIstanbul.Theparticularpositionofthesebuildings,leaningagainstthewallofPalazzoTopkapıandfacingthewallofthekitchensofHagiaSophia,makesthemuniqueexamples,givingtheidea,evenperceptual,ofthenineteenthcenturyIstanbulandofaparticulardialectic,amongstonemonumentsandwoodenhouses.Theresearchteamcomposedbythesearchitectswillnotunfortunatelybeabletocarryouttheproject,whichwillbeinsteadimplementedontheinitiativeofÇelikGülersoyin1985-86,onbehalfoftheTouringClubOtomobil.TodaythisroadisaUNESCOWorldHeritageSite,butinitsownway,itremainsaplaceexcludedfromthecity,mostlyexperiencedbywealthytourists,whostayhere.TherealizationandthelatestrestorationdidnotdeservethegreatresearchworkcarriedoutbyTurkisharchitectsduringthe1970s,studyingapossiblerehabilitationofthisareainaperspectiveofoverallreuseoftheneighbourhood.TheresearchteamattheIstanbulTechnicalUniversity,ledbyNezihEldem,proposedtohostsomeartexhibitionsandexhibitionspacesthatrepresentedthecomplexityofcultureswithinthesameneighbourhood,usingthecomplexofbuildingsaroundthemadrasaasahostel.Theapproachwasorientedtothereorganizationofthearea,inordertoavoidthebuildingspeculation(Eldem,Kamil,Yücel1980).Evenfromanarchitecturalpointofview,thecurrentpastelcoloursandthechoiceoffinishespartiallyrefertothetraditionalTurkishhouse,butatthesametimearereproducedwithafetishistattitude.Conservationandreconstruction,forCanseverasforEldem,wasnotintendedtoreturnapostcardimage,buttorebuildanurbanandsocialpatternthatwouldgiverisetopersistentinteractionsovertime.

CONCLUSIONSWritingaboutCansever’surbanplanningprojectsforIstanbulisanopportunitytocontextualizehisoverallthought,whichrangefromarchitecturetourbanism,andremainsstrictlyconsistentwiththerealityoftheurbanfacts,whilebeingattributabletoanutopianandpartiallyidealisticconceptionofthepast.If,ontheonehand,theprojectproducesknowledgeanditisthereforedifficulttoseparateitfromthesocialsciences(Viganò2010),ontheotherhanditcanbealsoaproducerofconsciousness.Intheproposalsinquestion,whichfacetheidentitycrisisofacitybecomingametropolis,theissueofbuildingawarenessofthearchitecturalheritageiscentral.AccordingtoCansever,thestrategiesfortheurbanprojectinIstanbulshouldnotlosesightoftwoneeds:the

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first,tore-qualifythemonumentsandthesmallurbanfabric,sothatthecitizensthemselveswillbeawareofit;thesecondoneistotransmittothefuturegenerationstheresponsibilityofaconsciousproject,lookingatarchitecturalandurbansolutionsthatmakebuildingsofdifferentagesabletoco-existinharmony.TheplanningprogramsdirectedbyCanseverwerenever implemented, for theircomplexitybutalso forpoliticaldisagreements.However,theurbanprojects inquestion,whicharenotwell-knowninaTurkeywheredemolitionismorecommonthenconservation,tellusofanaspectofutopianinnovationderivingfromthecollectiveculturalpremises.Inthissense,itisevocativewhatBernardoSecchiwroteintheafterwordofthevolumeFare Utopia:

Necessitiamodiprogettiradicali,cheesprimanoicambiamentiradicalidellasocietà,dell’economia,delviverequotidiano,come dello ‘stare insieme’ alle diverse scale. Abbiamo bisogno forse anche di utopia, di esplorare i futuri possibiliabbandonandoiluoghicomuni.Abbiamobisognodisollecitaregliimmaginaricollettivi,senzaabbandonarelamemoriadelpassato,marileggendoloallalucedelcambiamento(Bilotta,et.al2012,163).

Notes:1.“Literally‘reorganization’,itisaperiodofreformationoftheOttomanstate,whichbeginsandendsinthenineteenthcentury.Thisperiodwascharacterizedbyanattempttomodernizethestate.”(Cansever2005)Translationbytheauthor.2.ObservationstakenfromanunpublishedwritingbyT.Cansever,titledLegislation, Effects and Roles in Conservation,foundintheprivatearchiveoftheCanseverfamilyinIstanbul.Beirut:theimageandthemask.

REFERENCESBilottaE.,BanaiutoM.,2012,Fare utopia,Prospettive,Roma.CanseverT.,1981,Thoughts and architecture,TürkTarihKurumuBasımevi,Istanbul.CanseverT.,2005,Mimar Sinan, AlbarakaTürk,Istanbul.CanseverT.,2010,“IstanbulanditsProblem”,inBaşarF.,Yılmaz,Ş.(eds.),Capital of Cultures Istanbul,TürkKültürüneHizmetVakfı,Istanbul,pp.538-547.EldemN.,KamilM.,YücelA.,1980,“APlanforIstanbul’sSultanahmet-Ayasofyaarea”,inHolodR.(ed.),Conservation as cultural survival,AgaKhanAwardforArchitecture,Philadelphia,pp.53-56.LeCorbusier,1974,Viaggio in Oriente / Le voyage d’Oriente,FaenzaEditrice,Milano.MalusardiF.,1993,Luigi Piccinato e l’urbanistica moderna,OfficinaEdizioni,Roma.ViganòP.,2010,I territori dell’urbanistica. Il progetto come produttore di conoscenza,OfficinaEdizioni,Roma.YücelA.,1982,“Risanamentodell’areaSultanahmet.S.SofiaaIstanbul”,inBiennale di Venezia, Architettura nei paesi islamici: seconda mostra internazionale di architettura,Electa,Milano.

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