Use of seagrass fibres in adobe bricks - BAMB · 2019. 2. 27. · • Seagrass bricks are better...

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© 2019 GREiA, University of Lleida Use of seagrass fibres in adobe bricks “Buildings As Material Banks – A Pathway For A Circular Future” (SBE19 Brussels – BAMB-CIRCPATH ) 5-7 February 2019, Brussels, Belgium Elena Olacia Dr. Anna Laura Pisello Dr. Vitaliano Chiodo Dr. Susanna Maisano Dr. Andrea Frazzica Prof. Dr. Luisa F. Cabeza

Transcript of Use of seagrass fibres in adobe bricks - BAMB · 2019. 2. 27. · • Seagrass bricks are better...

Page 1: Use of seagrass fibres in adobe bricks - BAMB · 2019. 2. 27. · • Seagrass bricks are better than straw. Generally, adobes with seagrass cut at 3 cm ... • The fact of including

© 2019 GREiA, University of Lleida

Use of seagrass fibres in adobe bricks

“Buildings As Material Banks – A Pathway For A Circular Future”

(SBE19 Brussels – BAMB-CIRCPATH )

5-7 February 2019, Brussels, BelgiumElena Olacia

Dr. Anna Laura Pisello

Dr. Vitaliano Chiodo

Dr. Susanna Maisano

Dr. Andrea Frazzica

Prof. Dr. Luisa F. Cabeza

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BAMB conference – Prof. Luisa F. Cabeza

• Introduction

• Experimentation

• Results

• Conclusions

Contents

2

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BAMB conference – Prof. Luisa F. Cabeza

• Introduction

• Experimentation

• Results

• Conclusions

3

Contents

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BAMB conference – Prof. Luisa F. Cabeza

Building envelopesLow environmental building materials

66%14%

3%

3% 5%9%

4

Building final energy consumption, EU

(Residential – Services)

Introduction

buildingstransition to sustainable

Waste by-products Locally availableImproved embodied energyRecyclable

39%

13%6%

8%

34%

Source: International Energy Agency. Transition to sustainablebuildings. Strategies and Opportunities to 2050, 2013.

C02C02

C02

C02

C02

C02

C02

C02

C02

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Introduction

Locally available traditional building construction material

Construction techniques known for over 9000 years

Improves indoor climate (heat storage, balances air humidity)

Earth

Mosque in Mali, built 1935

Rammed earth house in Germany, built 1828

+ Biomass ?

Rammed earth art museum in China, built 2017

Europe 2020 target

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Introduction

seagrass

Posidonia Oceanica• Biomass by-product fibre• Distributed along Mediterranean coast• Economic, hygienic problem

• Different soil particles distribution

OBJECTIVES

Earth

• Generate a sustainable and value-added building product: Adobe bricks

• Analyse Posidonia Ocenaica algae as an adobe reinforcement – Mechanical behaviour of the bricks

• Straw fibres as reference

Renewablelow cost material

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BAMB conference – Prof. Luisa F. Cabeza

• Introduction

• Experimentation

• Results

• Conclusions

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Contents

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Experimentation

Materials and sample preparation

• Biomass fibres (seagrass or straw)

• Different soil particle sizes (clay and sand)

• Water

• 40x40x160 mm prismatic samples

• Samples left to dry in laboratory conditions (21-23°C, 50%RH.)

• 3 repetitions per composition

• Fibre content: 0 – 0.5 – 1.5 – 3%• Fibres cut at 3 cm length for both seagrass and straw• Seagrass fibres also in their natural length (up to 19 cm)

• Constant mixture of 60% fine clay, 40% sand and 20% water

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Experimentation

Test methods

• Density• Tensile strength• Water absorption capability

Biomass fibres

Zwick Roell Smart pro testingmachine for testing tensilestrength of seagrass and strawfibres. Maximum capacity load of200 N. Displacement of 5 mm/min

𝑤 =𝑚2 −𝑚1

𝑚1· 100

Water absorption fibrescapability, according to DIN ENISO 62. The fibres wereimmersed in water during 18days and weighted in 24 h.intervals.w: percentage of waterabsorptionm1, m2: mass of the fibrebefore and after immersion inwater

An analytical balance fromMettler Toledo to weightthe biomass fibres withprecision

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Experimentation

Test methods

• Flexural strength• Compressive strength

Adobe bricksNon fibrous and fibrous reinforced

PROETISA Uniaxial testing machine equipment.For flexural strength, a load range of 2000 kg wasapplied with a velocity of 5 kg/s.For compressive strength, the load cell was 20000kg with a velocity of 2.40 mm/min.Resistances calculated from EN 196-1:2005.

40 x 40 mm40 x 40 x 160 mm

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• Introduction

• Experimentation

• Results

• Conclusions

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Contents

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Results

Fibres

Physical characteristics

Type of fibre Density(g/m3)

Water absorption(%)

Break load(N)

Tensile strength(N/mm2)

Straw 0.312 365 88.18 128.19

Seagrass 0.721 293 23.59 56.01

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Results

Adobe bricksCompressive strength• Fibre content: 0 – 0.5 – 1.5 – 3%• Algae/seagrass fibres: 3 cm length and long natural length• Straw fibres: 3 cm length

1.400

1.600

1.800

2.000

2.200

2.400

2.600

2.800

3.000

0% 0.50% 1.50% 3%Com

pre

ssiv

e s

trength

(N

/mm

2)

Straw 3 cm Seagrass 3 cm Seagrass long

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Results

Adobe bricks

0.300

0.350

0.400

0.450

0.500

0.550

0.600

0.650

0.700

0% 0.50% 1.50% 3%

Fle

xura

l st

rength

(N

/mm

2)

Straw 3 cm Seagrass 3 cm Seagrass long

Flexural strength• Fibre content: 0 – 0.5 – 1.5 – 3%• Algae/seagrass fibres: 3 cm length and long natural length• Straw fibres: 3 cm length

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Results

• Seagrass bricks are better than straw. Generally, adobes with seagrass cut at 3 cmor even with their natural long length present better results when higher percentageof fibres is added.• Seagrass has more density and presents curved and flexible aspect Less

quantity of fibres and less fibre interactions with soil Better resistance of the

brick sections• Straw fibres have higher ratio of water absorption voids around the biomass

fibres Decreasing of mechanical behaviour

Fibres & Adobe bricks

Comparison: seagrass vs. straw

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BAMB conference – Prof. Luisa F. Cabeza

• Introduction

• Experimentation

• Results

• Conclusions

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Contents

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Conclusions

• According to the analysed physical properties of the fibres, strawand Posidonia Oceanica fibres present great differences, wheredensity and water absorption are determinant in the mechanicalbehaviour of the bricks.

• Taking into consideration a fibre reinforcement by weight,seagrass additives on the bricks seem to be more suitable frommechanical point of view.

• Both flexural and compressive strength are generally improved withhigher fibre ratios when seagrass is included in the bricks.Specially, when the leafs are disposed with their natural length.

Main purpose of the experiment

Evaluating Posidona Ocenaica seagrass as fibre reinforcement in adobe bricks, considering straw fibres as a reference. Three different lengths and percentages of fibres are included.

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Conclusions

• Compared with non-fibrous samples, an improvement up to 50%in mechanical strength is reached when Posidonia Oceanica isincluded in 1.50 or 3% content.

• The fact of including seagrass fibres with their natural length withoutany cutting action, makes that the manufacturing process of thesustainable adobe brick be much easier and cheaper.

Main purpose of the experiment

Evaluating Posidona Ocenaica seagrass as fibre reinforcement in adobe bricks, considering straw fibres as a reference. Three different lengths and percentages of fibres are included.

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BAMB conference – Prof. Luisa F. Cabeza

This work was partially funded by the Ministerio de Economía yCompetitividad de España ENE2015-64117-C5-1-R (MINECO/FEDER).The authors would like to thank the Catalan Government for the qualityaccreditation given to their research group (2017 SGR 1537). GREiA iscertified agent TECNIO in the category of technology developers fromthe Government of Catalonia.

Acknowledgements

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BAMB conference – Prof. Luisa F. Cabeza

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