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ukjh dh lkekftd fLFkfr

MkW0 lkgc flag

ukjh dh lkekftd fLFkfrukjh dh lkekftd fLFkfrukjh dh lkekftd fLFkfrukjh dh lkekftd fLFkfrukjh dh lkekftd fLFkfr

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lkjk a” klkjk a ” klkjk a ” klkjk a ” klkjk a ” k

vke rkSj ij lHkh ns”kksa de o cs”k vkSjr dh gSfl;r ,dtSlh FkhA dqN txg blij l[r ikcfUn;ka ykxw Fkh vkSj pan txgde FkhaA vkSjrksa dh lekth vgfe;r fofHkUu tekuksa esa oä] gkykrvkSj ekgkSy ds lkFk ifjofrZr gksrh jghA

“kks/k i= dk laf{kIr

fooj.k fuEu izdkj gS%

MkW0 lkgc flagMkW0 lkgc flagMkW0 lkgc flagMkW0 lkgc flagMkW0 lkgc flag,

“ukjh dh lkekftdfLFkfr’’

”kks/k eaFku]

flrEcj 2017]

ist la0 114&139http://anubooks.com/

?page_id=581

Artcile No.18 (SM 456)

115

“kks/k eaFku] 2017 ISSN: (P): 0976-5255, (e) : 2454-339X, Impact Factor 3.8942 (ICRJIFR)

UGC Aproved Journal No. 40908

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chloha lnh us vkSjrksa dks xqykeh] tgkur vkSj va/kdkj ls eqfä fnyk;hblesa ‘kd ugha fd vkt vkSjr dks djhc djhc lkjh nqfu;k esa enZ ds cjkcj vf/kdkj gkflygSaA vxj bfrgkl ij ut+j Mkyh tk;s vkSj izkphu laLÑfr ,oa lH;rk vkSj bYeh ,oa vnchfdrkcksa dk v/;;u fd;k tk;s rks bl ckr dk vanktk gksrk gS fd bl izdkj ds vf/kdkjgkfly djus dh tnkstgn izkphu le; ls tkjh gS vkSj fofHkUu nkSjksa vkSj fofHkUu ns”kksa esa budsdqN igyqvksa ij dke;kch ls vEy fd;k tk pqdk gSA vQykrwu dh fj;klr* bl ckr dkcgqr cM+k lcwr gSA mlus ml oä vkSjrksa ds vf/kdkj dks ekuk tcfd nqfu;k ds dnhe ns”kvf/kdkj ds lgh vFkZ ls Hkh ifjfpr ugha FksA

;wuku dh laLÑfr ,oa lH;rk nqfu;k dh lcls izkphu lH;rk dgh tkldrh gSA ftl oä nqfu;k esa QyLQk bYe o vnc ds uke ls ¼fgUnqLrku dks NksM+dj½ dksbZokfdQ ugha FkkA ;wuku esa ;g phtsa vius esjkt&,&deky dks igq¡p pqdh FkhaA ;wuku dhdnhe fdrkcksa esa vQykrwu dh ^^fj;klr** nqfu;k ds bYe o vnc ,oa lH;rk o evk”kjr]ren~nqu vkSj fl;kl;kr esa cgqr vgfe;r j[krh gSA bl fdrkc ls gesa ;wuku dh lkekftd]vkfFkZd] lH;rk ,oa ,drk vkSj fodkl dk vuqeku gksrk gSA ;|fi vQykrwu dk ;qx ;wukudk og tekuk Fkk tc mldh mUufr dk lwjt Mwc jgk FkkA

izkphu le; esa ‘kk;n v¶ykrwu igyk O;fä Fkk ftlus vkSjrksa dks ,d lhekrd iq:’kksa ds cjkcj vf/kdkj fn;s gSaA viuh fj;klr esa mlus ,d txg fy[kk fd%&

^^enksZa dh og gSfl;r gksuh pkfg, tks xYys esa egkfQt+ o fuxjka dqÙkksa dhgksrh gSA**1

igys izR;sd enZ dks vkSjrksa ij Qksdh;r nh x;h gS vkSj mudh vkSjrksa dkegkfQt fuxjka cuk;k x;k gSA tSls mldh ^fj;klr** vkyk vkSj vnyk nks oxksZa esa foHkkftrgSA og vkyk ;k QyLQh rcds dks reke ejkvkr vkSj elko;kuk gdwd nsus dks rS;kj gSAysfdu blds eqdkcys esa vnuk ntsZ ds lkFk dksbZ fj;k;r ugha djrkA mldh fuxkg flQZQyLQh rcds ij jgrh gSA og viuh fj;klr esa vkyk rcds dh vkSjrksa esa vPNh rkyhe vkSjenksZa ds cjkcj vktknh nsrk gSA blds [;ky esa og lHkh ;ksX;rk,a ;k egRo tks /keZ esa gksrhgSaA dqnjr dh rjQ ls vkSjr dks Hkh feyrh gSA blh lwjr esa tkfuc nkjkuk crkZo dks Bhdugha le>rk vkSj dgrk gS%&

^^vxj vkSjrksa vkSj enksZa ds QjkbZt ,d ls gSa rks mudh rkyhe vkSj ijofj”kHkh ,d lh gksuh pkfg,A**2fj;klr esa vkSjrksa dh leL;kvksa ij fopkj&foe”kZ djrs gq, vQykrwu usfy[kk gS fd%&^^dksbZ ,slh dkfcyh;r ugha tks vkSjrksa esa cgSfl;r vkSjr gksus ds vkSj enZcgSfl;r enZ ds ekStwn gskrh gSA dqnjr dh nsu nksuksa esa ;dlka curh gSA**3

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vQykrwu dk [;ky Fkk fd balku choh cPpksa vkSj [kkunkuh >xM+ksa esa Q¡ldj vius dkSeh vkSj eqYdh QjkbZt dks Hkwy tkrk gSA blfy;s ml fuf”pr fd;k Fkk fdeqgkfQt vkSj “kkldksa dh vyx vyx chfo;k¡ ugha gqvk djsaxh esgurdlh ,d ds lkFk ughacV ldsxh vkSj og fdlh ,d cPps dks viuk cPpk ugha dg ldsxhA blfy, lHkh cPpsmudh eqgCcr vkSj lQd~r tks iwjs eqYd ij equgflj gksxk vQykrwu us fy[kk gSA

^^gekjs eqgkQthu dh chfo;k¡ eq’rdZ gksa okfynSu vius cPpksa dks u igpkusau cPps okfynSu dks ----------------------- gekjs “kgj esa vkSjrksa vkSj cPpksa dk eq”krdZ gksuk fj;klrds fy, lcls cM+h [kwch dk ckvl gksxkA**4

vQykrwu ,d rjQ rks enksZa ds cjkcj vkSjrksa dks rkyhe gkfly djus vkSjtax esa “kjhd gksus dk vf/kdkj nsrk gS rks nwljh rjQ mudh ?kjsyw ftUnxh dh lHkh yrkQrsavkSj gqLu] muds cPpksa dk I;kj Nhu ysrk gSA bl rjg vkSjr dks tks nwljh gSfl;r gSA^^fj;klr** esa vQykrwu us is”k dh gSA og vkSjr ds fy, fdlh Hkh izdkj ls csgrj ugha dghtk ldrh vkSj “kk;n mldh fj;klr dh vlQyrk dh lcls cM+h otg cuh bldk vEyesa vkuk vlaHko gSA

;wuku ds “kgj LikVkZ esa lcls T;knk vktknh gkfly vkSjrksa dks FkhA LikVkZds e”kgwj eq¶rh ykbZdjfxl us dkuwuh :i esa vkSjrksa dks dkQh egRo fn;k gSA blds eqdkcys,sFksal esa vkSjrksa ij l[r ikcafn;ka ykxw Fkha tks ;wuku fdlh lwcs esa ugha Fkh vkSj lHkh jkT;ksads eqdkcys esa LikVkZ dh vkSjrksa dh lekth gkyr csgrj FkhA ;gk¡ yM+fd;k¡ csinkZ jgrh FkhaAcM+s t+kSd o “kkSd ls laxhr dh f”k{kk izkIr djrh FkhaA ysfdu ;gk¡ Hkh vkSj jkT;ksa dh rjgQyLQk eafrd vkSj nwljs vywe ds njokts vkSjrksa ij can FksA

dnhe ;wuku esa vkSjrksa dh lekth gkyr cgqr fxjh gqbZ FkhA “kgj iwjs rkSjij viuh choh ij Qksfd;r j[krk Fkk ;w¡ dfg;s mldh eyfd;r FkhaA cfYd crkSj rksgQkviuh chfo;ksa dks vius fe=ksa vkSj I;kjksa dks is”k dj ldrk Fkk vkSj mldh Qjekcjnkjh vkSjrij oSls gh ykxw Fkh tSls fd vius “kkSgj dhA vkSjr dks rykd ysus dk Hkh vf/kdkj ugha FkkA,d vjls ckn ;wukuh vkSjrksa us rykd ysus dk vf/kdkj izkIr fd;k vkSj blh ds lkFk esgjdk izpyu Hkh “kq: gqvkA rykd dh lwjr esa enZ ds fy, ;g t:jh Fkk fd og vkSjr dk esgjbtkQs ds lkFk vnk djsA

izkphu felz esa Hkh LikVkZ dh rjg vkSjrksa dh lekt esa Å¡pk LFkku FkkA ogk¡fojklr dk flyflyk yM+ds dh rjQ earfdy gksus dh ctk;s lcls cM+h yM+dh dh rjQeqarfdy gksrk FkkA ;gh otg gS fd felz dh rgjhjksa esa fdlh u fdlh lwjr esa eka dh iz”kalkdh x;h gSA

felz ds vk[kjh nkSj esa vkSjrksa ds og vf/kdkj tks lekth :i esa mUgsa gkfly

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FksA de gksuk “kq: gks x;sA vFkkZr vkSjrksa esa vius vf/kdkjksa dh lqj{kk dh fpUrk vkjEHk gqbZrks mUgksaus “kknh ds fy;s fofHkUu ‘krsZa j[khaA ;g dguk cstk u gksxk fd fudkgukek dh “kq:vkrlcls igys izkphu felz esa gqbZA

ghjksMsfol ds vuqlkj izkphu felz esa lHkh vkSjrksa dks lHkh Åywe izkIr FksAlHkh dk;ksZa esa vkSjrsa enksZa ds lkFk&lkFk ut+j vkrha Fkha [ksrh dh ‘kq:vkr vkSjr us dhA lQjukesesa nf{k.k vfÝdk esa ,d txg fy[kk gS%&

^^vkSjr us ;gh ugha fd lgjkbZ iSnkokj ls fxtk dk dke fy;k gks cfYdmlus rq[e jsth Hkh dh vkSj bl rjg vOoyhu tjkvr dh cqfu;kn MkyhA**5

dnhe ns”kksa ds laLÑfr ,oa lH;rk ds dsUæksa ds vykok nwljs fofHkUu ns”kksaesa vkSjr dk n”kk djhc ,d tSlh FkhA lhejiksa dh laLÑfr ,oa lH;rk dkQh lH; FkhA blds;gk¡ ,d gh “kknh dk fjokt FkkA duhtsa j[kuk lk/kkj.k ckr Fkh vkSj nksuksa ds vf/kdkjksa esaQdZ FkkA ukcy vkSj v”kwj;k ds lekt esa enksZa dks ;g gd gkfly Fkk fd og ftl oä pkgsrykd viuh chfo;ksa dks ns nsa ysfdu vkSjrsa bl vf/kdkj ls oafpr FkhaA enZ dks ifjokj ijiwjk vf[r;kjkr izkIr FksA og choh vkSj csVh] csVs fdlh dks Hkh fdlh ekynkj vkneh ds vkSjcki dks ;g gkfly FkkA cfYd pan ,sfrgkfld gokys ds vuqlkj ifr vkSj cki dks ;g vf/kdkj izkIr Fkk fd vkSjrksa dh dqckZuh Hkh ns ldrs FksA vkSjr dh futkr flQZ ‘kkSgj dh rkcsnkjhesa FkhA ‘kkSgj pkgs ftruh l[rh djs ysfdu vkSjr dks lgu djuh iM+rh FkhA

izkphu phu esa Hkh vkSjr dh lekth gSfl;r ckcqy vkSj v’kwj;k tSlh gh FkhdQw;wf”kl us fy[kk fd%&

^^enZ gkfde gSA mldk dke gqd+~ejkuh vkSj bldk QtZ brkvr gSA -------vkSjr “kknh ls igys vius cki HkkbZ dh Qjekacjnkj gSA “kknh ds ckn “kkSgj dh vkSj “kkSgjds ckn cM+s csVs dh brkvr QtZA**6

pan gkykr esa enksZa dks ,d lkS rhl ¼130½ vkSjrsa rd djus vf/kdkj ;k ,slsgkykr esa T;knk “kkfn;ka djus dks euk fd;k x;k FkkA ysfdu ykSafM;k j[kuk tk;t FkkAyksafM;ksa dh lekth gSfl;r chfo;ksa ls der~j FkhA exj mldh vkSykn gkfly choh dhvkSykn ds cjkcj gd izkIr FksA

cuh bljkbZy esa yM+dksa dh iSnkbZ”k ij [kqf”k;ka euk;h tkrh FkhaA exjyM+fd;ksa dh iSnkbZ”k ij [kq”kh ugha euk;h tkrh FkhA D;ksafd lekt esa vkSjrksa dks gdhj vkSjiLr le>h tkrh FkhA

izkphu nkSj esa Hkh vkSjrksa dh lkekftd gSfl;r vPNh ugha FkhA ;gk¡ HkhvkSjrksa ij enksZa dks iz/kkurk gkfly FkhA gj ekeys esa enksZa dk ncnck dk;e FkkA yM+fd;k¡cki dh eyfd;r Fkha vkSj ogh mudh “kknh C;kg dh leL;k dks fuf”pr djrk Fkk vkSj bu

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ekeyksa esa vkSjr dk dksbZ vf/kdkj izkIr ugha FkkA

izkphu vjc esa Hkh bLyke izdV gksus ls iwoZ vkSjr dh lekth gkyr cgqr[kjkc FkhA yM+dh iSnkbZ’k dks gh cqjk le>rs vkSj iSnk gksrs gh ekj Mkyus vkSj fQj ftUnknQu dj nsrs Fks D;ksafd ,d dchyk fdlh nwljs dchys dks viuh yM+dh nsdj og dchykges”kk cspkjk gks tkrk D;ksafd mudh yM+dh ogk¡ gSA bl ckr ls gh mudh rqanfetkth vkSjl[r xhjh lkfcr djus ds fy;s dkQh gSA og yM+dh dks iSnk gksrs gh nQu dj nsuk ilandjrs Fks ysfdu >qduk vkSj badlkjh muds fy;s ukdkfcys cnkZ”r dh ckr FkhA dqN phtksa ls;g Hkh irk pyrk gS fd [kkunku ds vUnj vkSjrksa dh bTtr dh tkrh Fkh vkSj mudhvgfe;r Hkh FkhA vius [kkunkuh ekeykr esa e”kfojs nsrh Fkha ;gk¡ rd fd dchyksa dh taxksaesa mudh jk; e’kojs fy;s tkrs Fks vkSj taxksa ds vUnj dh ftUnxh esa gkfdekuk gSfl;r j[krhFkhaA dqN vkSjrsa Hkh tks [kkuk cnks”kh dh ftUnxh xqtkjrh FkhaA vius [kkunkuh ekeykr esavgfe;r j[krh Fkha vkSj fofHkUu dkeksa esa enksZa dk gkFk cVkrh FkhaA fu;kt Qrsgiwjh us fy[kkgS fd%&

^^lgjk;s vjc ds cnq tc jsfxLrku esa pjkxkg ;k p”es dh rSyk”k dh xtZ ls viuktk;s d;ke cnyuk t:jh le>rs Fks rks mudk dke flQZ ;g gksrk Fkk fd og ;w¡ gh [kkyhgkFk vius m¡Vksa dks ysdj py nsaA fQj vc ;g vkSjr dk dke gksrk gS fd oks [ksek dks m[kkM+s]lkjk lkeku m[kkM+s] lkeku bdëk djds vkSj Å¡Vksa ij ykndj ys tk;sA vkSjrsa bl dke dksbl mnj ljvr ds lkFk vatke nsrh gSa fd enksZa dk dkfQyk nwj ugha igq¡prk fd ;s Hkh lkjkvlckc ysdj muls fey tkrh gSaA**7

vjc esa lekth gSfl;r u gksrs gq, Hkh ;gk¡ vkSjrsa enksZa dk gkFk cVkrh FkhaAbuds dke dkt esa fgLlk ysrh Fkha vkSj pan vkSdkr bl taxksa esa budks e”kojs Hkh nsrh FkhaA

vke rkSj ij lHkh ns”kksa de o cs”k vkSjr dh gSfl;r ,d tSlhvke rkSj ij lHkh ns”kksa de o cs”k vkSjr dh gSfl;r ,d tSlhvke rkSj ij lHkh ns”kksa de o cs”k vkSjr dh gSfl;r ,d tSlhvke rkSj ij lHkh ns”kksa de o cs”k vkSjr dh gSfl;r ,d tSlhvke rkSj ij lHkh ns”kksa de o cs”k vkSjr dh gSfl;r ,d tSlhFkhA dqN txg blij l[r ikcfUn;ka ykxw Fkh vkSj pan txg de FkhaA vkSjrksaFkhA dqN txg blij l[r ikcfUn;ka ykxw Fkh vkSj pan txg de FkhaA vkSjrksaFkhA dqN txg blij l[r ikcfUn;ka ykxw Fkh vkSj pan txg de FkhaA vkSjrksaFkhA dqN txg blij l[r ikcfUn;ka ykxw Fkh vkSj pan txg de FkhaA vkSjrksaFkhA dqN txg blij l[r ikcfUn;ka ykxw Fkh vkSj pan txg de FkhaA vkSjrksadh lekth vgfe;r fofHkUu tekuksa esa oä] gkykr vkSj ekgkSy ds lkFk ifjofrZrdh lekth vgfe;r fofHkUu tekuksa esa oä] gkykr vkSj ekgkSy ds lkFk ifjofrZrdh lekth vgfe;r fofHkUu tekuksa esa oä] gkykr vkSj ekgkSy ds lkFk ifjofrZrdh lekth vgfe;r fofHkUu tekuksa esa oä] gkykr vkSj ekgkSy ds lkFk ifjofrZrdh lekth vgfe;r fofHkUu tekuksa esa oä] gkykr vkSj ekgkSy ds lkFk ifjofrZrgksrh jghAgksrh jghAgksrh jghAgksrh jghAgksrh jghA

izkphu ns”kksa ds v/;;u ds i”pkr fgUnqLrku dh izkphu bfrgkl dh jks”kuhesa vkSjr dk tkbZtk ysrs gSaA

¼v½ izkphu fgUnqLrku esa L=h¼v½ izkphu fgUnqLrku esa L=h¼v½ izkphu fgUnqLrku esa L=h¼v½ izkphu fgUnqLrku esa L=h¼v½ izkphu fgUnqLrku esa L=h

fgUnqLrku dh lH;rk Hkh ;wuku dh rjg izkphu vkSj egku gSA fgUnqLrku esabZYe o vnc] rgthc o ren~nqu] QyLQk] utwe o gh;r] viuh pje lhek ij FkhA ;gk¡ ,dlekth vkSj evk”kh] O;oLFkk Fkh vkSj mlds vuqlkj lekt esa dke ds fygkt ls fofHkUu oxksZaesa foHkkftr FksA ftlesa enZ vkSj vkSjr dk vyx vyx lekth egRo FkkA

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izkphu fgUnqLrku dh lH;rk esa osnksa ds }kjk ;g ekywe gksrk gS fd ;gk¡vkSjrksa dh cgqr vgfe;r FkhA oSfnd nkSj esa vkSjr dk lekth eku o lEeku dkQh Å¡pk FkkAgkyk¡fd etgch vkSj lekth rjfDd;ksa ds chp esa dqN nq”okfj;k¡ Hkh Fkha ysfdu blds ckotwnHkh vkSjrksa us f”k{kk izkIr dh vkSj oäu Qksäu viuh bZYeh ;ksX;rk vkSj vius Quwu dk izn”kZufd;k gS vkSj bl tekus esa vkSjrsa rkyheh ,srckj ls enksZa ds cjkcj gh ugha cfYd _Xosn esa,sls Hktu Hkh fy[ks gSa tks vkSjrksa ls ealwc gSA ftUgsa fjf’kdk vkSj czã osnuh dgk tkrk gSAjk/kk dey eqdjth us fy[kk gS fd%&

^^czã osnuh czãp;kZ dh rkfyc bZYe gqvk djrs FksA vkSjrksa dks Hkh bl bZYedks gkfly djus dh btktr FkhA fjKqosn (V.7.0) esa bldk gokyk feyrk gS fd ukStokuyM+fd;k¡ viuh rkyhe czãp;kZ dh gSfl;r ls eqdfey djrh Fkha vkSj rkyhe dh rdehy dsckn ftl izdkj unh leqæ esa fey tkrh gSA og vius “kksgjksa ls fey tkrh FkhaA**8

gtkjksa lky igys vkSjr dks “kkSgj ds cjkcj rkyhe gkfly djus vkSjet+gch R;ksgkjksa jLeksa fjokt esa “kjhd gksus dh vktknh FkhA _Xosn esa cgqr lh txgksa ijvkSjr ds ckjs esa bftgkj fd;k x;k gSA etgch ekeykr esa vkSjr dks djhc djhc enZ ds cjkcjvf/kdkj izkIr Fks blls lgtrkiwoZd vuqeku yxk;k tk ldrk gS fd ml oä lekt esavkSjrksa dk LFkku loZJs’B FkkA _Xosn ea= (V-6) esa dgk x;k gS fd%&

^^cgqr lh vkSjrsa u enksZa ds eqdkcys esa cnjts csgrj vkSj eqLdyh fetktgSaA**9

izkphu Hkkjr ds oSfnd ds tekus esa QyLQ;ksa dh ,d ifjppkZ gqbZ FkhA ;gifjppkZ vius rjhds dh igyh dkaÝSl FkhA tks os/kk ds jkt_f’k tax ds ;gk¡ gqbZ FkhaA ftlesafofHkUu jkt_f’k QyLQ;kuk fopkjksa ,oa utfj;ksa ds j[kus okys vkSj fofHkUu /keksZa ds fopkjksa,oa ererkUrjksa ds yksxksa us cktkCrk rgjhjh “kDy nh vkSj fHkUu fHkUu jk; fopkjksa ls vlgerhdks nwj djus dh dksf”k”k dh x;hA

^^bl dkaÝSal dh lcls cM+h vgfe;r ;g Fkh fd blesa ,d QyLQh vkSjrczã osnuh xkxhZ o “kkdqUoh** (VDNI VA CHAKANAVI)

10 flQZ “kjhd gh ugha gqbZ Fkha cfYdmUgksaus fopkj foe”kZ esa Hkkx fy;k vkSj cM+h fnysjh vkSj cgknqjh ls O;k[;ku dh FkhaA blls;g lkQ rkSj ij irk pyrk gS fd ml oä vkSjrksa dh vktknh dkfcys fj”d FkhaA

eSMe tsM- ,s jkxksMu us fy[kk gS fd dqN fo”ks’k voljksa ij vkSjrksa dhmifLFkfr ml tekus esa t:jh le>h tkrh FkhA tc fdlh “ko dh vk[kjh jlwe dh tkrhFkhA ,sls volj ij lcls iwoZ yk”k ij ?kh vkSj rsy Mkyus ds fy;s lqgkfxu vkSjrksa dks cqyk;ktkrk FkkA og ml eqRcjZd eqdke ij tgk¡ dh yk”k j[kh tkrh Fkha vkSj vk[kjh jlwe vnk djusds fy;s ml ij ?kh vkSj rsy vkSj [kq”kcw;sa Mkyrh FkhaA iqtkjh ,sls ekSds ij ea= i<+rs FksA

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MkW0 lkgc flag

^^;g vkSjrsa tks fd csok ugha gSa cfYd ekSftt “kgfj;ksa dh chfo;ka gSa mUgsa igys rsyvkSj ?kh ysdj vkus nks muds ;s vkalwvksa vkSj cs xeokfy;ksa dks tks fyckl Qk[k, ls eqTt;ugSaA ekSr ds eldu esa tkus nksA**11

lekt esa vkSjrksa dh vgfe;r o Qksdh;r FkhA bl ckr ls uqek;k¡ rkSj ijtkfgj gksrh gSA blesa dksbZ “kd ugha fd “kq:vkrh nkSj esa vkSjrksa dks cnrjhu izk.kh le>k tkrkFkk exj ifo= fdrkcsa bl ckr dk izek.k nsrh gSa fd lkewfgd :i esa izkphu Hkkjr esa vkSjrksadk ntkZ enksZa ds cjkcj FkkA vkSjrksa us bl tekus ds Quwus yrhQk QyLQk vkSj “ksjksvnc dseSnku esa dkQh rjDdh dh Fkh vkSj laxhr esa mUgsa vke rkSj ij deky o n{krk gkfly FkhA

_Xosn esa fofHkUu LFkkuksa ij bldk ftØ feyrk gS fd vkSjrsa /kkfeZd tylksaesa xk;k djrh Fkha vkSj xkus ds lkFk&lkFk fofHkUu izdkj ds lktksa dk Hkh c[kqch iz;ksx djrhFkhA okd (Vac) oSfnd ;qx dh izfl) dfo=h Fkh ftldh Ñfr;ka osn vkSj iqjk.k esa “kkfeygSaA blds vykok vikyk] ?kks’kk] baæk.kh fo”oknjko bR;kfn us cgqr ls Hktu fy[ks tks osnksaesa “kkfey gSaA mifu’knksa ls irk pyrk gSA eS=h (Maitry) vkSj mldh lgsfy;ksa dk ftØ gSAlaxhr vkSj u`R; esa izoh.krk izkIr FkhaA

izkphu vkSjrksa dk lekth egRo vkSj /kkfeZd Js’Brk ds ckjs esa fu;ktQrsgiqjh us fy[kk gS%&

^^;g vej gS fd tekuk dnhe esa vkSjr dk otwn rd equge ckfy”kku otwn FkkAvkSj og dk;ukr esa enZ ds nks’k cnks’k dke djus dh vgy FkhA eq[krfyQ tjk; ls lkfcrgksrk gSA lcls igys tks pht blds lcwr esa is”k dh tk ldrh gSA og bdnke vkye dkbYeqYyluke gSA dksbZ dkSe ,slh ugha ftlds bYeqyluke esa nks pkj nsogksa dk uke u ik;ktkrk gks vkSj ;wuku cjek ds bYeqYyluke esa rks valj xkfyc nsfo;ksa dk gh gSA nkSyr ‘kksgjr]gqLu ‘ksvj] ekSlhdh] ftLe] :g] tjkvr bR;kfn lc nsfo;ksa gh gSA ls ealwc gSA ftlls ekywegksrk gS fd ;g lkjh ckrsa flQZ vkSjrksa dh otg ls dk;e gqbZ ;gk¡ rd fd mudks nsoh djkjns fn;k -------------------

fgUnqvksa ds bykeqYylukQ esa y{eh nsoh ls dkSu okfdQ ugha gSA vxj bldh ;grkfcy dh tk;s fd vkSjr dks tekuk dnhe esa ,d cscgk nkSyr ;k nkSyr dks vkSjr dh esgurdk urhtk le>k tkrk Fkk rks f[kykQs egy u gksxkA**12

oSfnd dk tekuk dnhe esa enZ vkSj vkSjr dks cjkcj ds vf/kdkj gkflyFksA mudh cjkcjh dk ;g vkye Fkk fd vkSjrsa fdlh dh xqyke ugha Fkha muij ‘kkSgj ds vykokmuds HkkbZ eka cki dh brkvr Hkh QtZ ugha FkhA fdlh Hkh fj”rs esa yM+dh dh eatwjh ;k jtkeanhizkIr dj yh tkrh FkhA dksbZ ,slh lwjrs gky gksrh fd ,d yM+dh ds dbZ [okLrxkj gq;s rksyM+dh muesa ls fdlh dks pqu ysrh FkhA ;g jLe czã.kh ;qx rd dk;e jgha pquko dh bl

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jLe dks Lo;aoj dgk tkrk FkkA yM+fd;ksa ds lkFk muds cki ds ?kj esa Hkh eqgCcr vkSj O;fäRodk crkZo fd;k tkrk Fkk vkSj HkkbZ;ksa dks cguksa dk j{kd le>k tkrk FkkA

izksŒ bafnjk us fy[kk fd vkSjr /khjs /khjs lekth ftUnxh esa viuk odkj [kksjgh Fkh vkSj og enZ dh bZPNkvksa dks iwjk djus dk flQZ ,d lk/ku ek= cudj jg x;h FkhAog vktkfn;ka rks fdlh oä vkSjrksa dks izkIr Fkha og egnwn gksus yxha Fkha ftlds gokys oSfndvkSj mlls igys ds vnc esa feyrs gSaA ,d “kkSgj dk C;ku gS fd [kqnk us mldh choh dksmldh f[kn~er vkSj rLdhu ds fy;s fn;k gSA og vkxs dgrk gS fd og ml ds v/khu gS%&

^^mifu’knksa esa Hkh vkSjr flQZ ,d fnypLih dk t+fj;k gh FkhA bu ifo= fdrkcksa dsvuqlkj nqfu;k dh “kq:vkr esa enZ fcYdqy rUgk Fkk vkSj mlds fny cgykus dh dksbZ phtmldh ftUnxh esa ugha FkhA mlds fy, ,d lkFkh dh t:jr Fkh ftls mlus choh dh “kDyesa ik fy;k vkSj ftlus mldh lHkh [okfg”ksa iwjh dha vkSj mlds fy;s reke [kqf”k;ka eqgS;kdhaA**13

vkSjrksa ds fy, Quwu&tj&yrhQk] “ksjksa vnc] etgc vkSj QyLQs ds lHkhnjokts [kqys gq;s FksA ysfdu ckn esa u flQZ ;g fd vkSjrksa dk lekth Lrj ?kV x;k cfYdmuds lHkh vf/kdkj Hkh Nhu fy;s x;sA vkSjrksa dks osn i<+us ls jksd fn;k x;k dSyk”k ukFk“kekZ us fy[kk gS%&

^^Le`fr;ksa ds jpukdkjksa us vkSjrksa dks ukle> vkSj b[kykd o fdjnkj dk detksjcrk;k gSA**14

fy[kk gS fd vkSjr cxSj enZ ds lgkjs ds ftUnxh ugha xqtkj ldrh FkhAmldk rUgk otwn viuh fgQktr ugha dj ldrk vFkkZr cpiu vkSj tokuh esa mudh lqj{kkcki ij gksrh gS vkSj tokuh esa ‘kkSgj dh ns[kHkky esa gksrh gS vkSj cq<+kis esa mldk yM+dk dklgkjk curk gSA

^^de mez esa “kknh rks “kq: ls gh vPNh le>h tkrh Fkh ysfdu mifu’knksa ds tekusesa bldks dqN vkSj T;knk blfy, fjokt fn;k x;k fd bl izdkj yM+fd;ksa dh f”k{kk dhleL;k lekIr gks tkrh FkhA dqN fnuksa ekewyh lh f”k{kk dk flyflyk tkjh jgk ysfdu /khjs&/khjs og Hkh [kRe gks x;kA f”k{kk dk flyflyk [kRe gksus ckn et+gch jlwe dks vnk djusls oafpr dj fn;k x;kA uhp tkr dh vkSjrksa dks ;w¡ Hkh laLdkj djus dh vkKk ugha Fkh ysfdubl nkSj esa reke gh vkSjrksa dks “kwæ le> fy;k x;k FkkA**15

egkHkkjr esa Hkh nks fofHkUu fopkj vkSjrksa ds fy;s feyrs gSa ,d vkSjr dkegRo vkSj lEeku vkSj nwljk fcYdqy mlds foijhr gSA egkHkkjr esa ,d txg fy[kk gS fd%&

^^vkSjrsa u flQZ [kkuxh ft+Unxh dk edZt+ gSa cfYd og iwjh lekth rgt+hc dh

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MkW0 lkgc flag

cqfu;kn gSaA ftl ij eqYd ds eqLrdfcy dk bafglkj gSA**16

mijksä C;ku ls ;g lkfcr gksrk gS fd vkSjr ml le; lekt esa cgqr ghT;knk egRo j[krh FkhA vkSjrksa ds cxSj lekth <kaps dks iwjk ugha le>k tkrk Fkk cfYdlekth rgthc dh “kq:vkr dk lkjk nkjksenkj vkSjr ij gh FkkA gj nwljh txg egkHkkjresa gh vkSjrksa ds ckjs esa muds fopkj foijhr FksA

^^nqfu;k esa vkSjr ls T;knk xqukgxkj dksbZ pht ugha gSA reke [kjkfc;ksa vkSj cqjkbZ;ksadh tM+ gSA**17

Lefr;ksa mifu’knksa vkSj egkHkkjr esa vd~lj buds [;kykr dk Vdjko gksrkgSA ftlesa u flQZ vkSjr dks cqjk dgk x;k gS cfYd cnrjhu e[kywd vkSj cqjkbZ;ksa dk HkaMkjcrk;k gSA vius tekus ds ,d tcjnLr vkfye euq Fks vkSj ftlds “kCn dkuwu FksA euq viusn”kZu”kkL= vkSj l;klh xq.kksa dh otg fgUnqLrku ds bfrgkl esa cgqr gh egRoiw.kZ O;fäRodk ekfyd Fkk ysfdu vkSjrksa ds lEcU/k esa mlds [;kykr ftl >qdko dh xqekth djrs gSamuij lkekftd vkSj lekt ij jks’kuh iM+rh gSA euq us dgk%&

^^vkSjr nqfu;k esa enZ dks ojxykrh gSA mudk [;ky gS fd vkSjr dks vius ?kj]tsojkr] [okfg”kkr] csekuh] dehukiu vkSj cqjh vknrksa dh eqgCcr gksrh gSA vkSjrksa dks /kkfeZdfdrkcsa i<+us btktr ugha gSA**18

oSfnd lkfgR; ds vuqlkj fofHkUu tkrksa esa “kknh djus ds fjokt dk fojks/k euq us l[rh ls fd;k vkSj uhph tkr esa “kknh djus ds ?kksj fojks/kh FksA

vycs:uh ds vuqlkj czkã.k vius ls uhps ifjokj esa ‘kknh dks cqjk le>rsm¡ph tkr us vius lekth egRo dks cjdjkj j[kus ds fy;s bl ij l[rh ls ikcUnh yxk nhe/;dkyhu ;qx esa dbZ chfo;k¡ j[kuk lekth cqjkbZ dh fu”kkuh FkhA bl fy, bldk fjoktT;knk c<+ x;k ysfdu fupys oxZ ds yksx vkfFkZd ijs”kkfu;ksa ls ugha djrs FksA oSfnd vkSjegkdkO; vnc ls bldk lcwr feyrk gS fd ml tekus esa de mezh esa “kkfn;ka gks tk;k djrhFkha ysfdu bl leL;k esa FkksM+k fojks/kkHkkl Hkh gS fd Le`fr;ksa ds ckjs esa ^frxyadk** dk y¶tfeyrk gSA ftlls dqN “kkjghu de mezh eqjkn ysrs gSaA dqN T;knk mez esa “kknh djus dkeryc fudkyrs gSaA ysfdu ;g ckr lgh gS fd dqN fnuksa ds ckn bl tekus esa de mezh dh“kknh dk fjokt cgqr T;knk gks x;k FkkA czã iqjku esa rks ;gka rd fy[kk gS fd pkj lkydh mez esa gh yM+dh dh “kknh dh tk ldrh gSA vkjEHk esa bl ij flQZ czkã.kksa ds ;gk¡ vEygksrk FkkA ysfdu ckn esa ;g phtsa reke tkrksa esa izpyu esa vk x;hA19

izkphu Hkkjr esa vkSjrksa dks ,d le; esa dbZ ifr j[kus dk vf/kdkj FkkAd Syk” k ukF k“kekZ us fy[kk gSA Hkkjr esa æksinh ds vykok vkSj nwljh felkysa Hkh feyrh gSaA fofHkUu tekus

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esa Hkh gkykr ds lkFk lekth dnjsa Hkh ifjofrZr gksrh jgh gSaA blfy, oSfnd vkSj egkHkkjrds tekus esa yks/k lekt dk cgqr cqyan ntkZ utj vkrk gSA cq) etgc dh uhao gkykafd czã.k/keZ ds fojks/k esa Fkh fQj Hkh mUgksaus vius ;gk¡ vkSjrksa dks Å¡pk eqdke fn;k vkSj lkFk gh vkSjrksadks vkyk rkyhe dh btktr nhA cks/k ds tekus esa vkSjrksa dks Quwus yrhQk vkSj nwljh phtksaesa fgLlk fy;k ^/keZ ikyk rgjh xkFkk** “Dharampala theri Gatha” ls irk pyrk gS fd bltekus esa cgqr lh cks/k fHk{kqvksa us dfork Hktu dgs gSaA fHk{kuh ftudks rgjh dgk tkrk Fkkmuds xkus vkSj Hktu xkFkk dgykrs gSa tks cq) /keZ esa “kkfey dj fy;s x;s gSaA

^^cks/k /keZ us tks bLykgh rgjhd pyk;h ml rgjhd esa jguqek dh gSfl;r ls cgqrlh vkSjrsa “kkfey FkhaA xkFkkvksa esa ,slh vkSjrksa dk o.kZu ckj&ckj feyrk gSA lksek] vuqiek]lqtkrk] f[ktk] pkik] lqUnjh vkSj cgqr lh vkSjrksa ds uke ckj&ckj xhrksa esa utj vkrs gSaA ;gvkSjrsa izpkj dk dke Hkh djrh FkhaA blls Li’V gksrk gS fd cks/k tekus esa lgh ek;uksa esa vkSjrdk ntkZ enksZa ds cjkcj FkkA**20

Qu ekSldh esa vkSjrksa us cgqr o`f) dhA jkuh yksd egknsoh us eqlhdhdkjksavkSj jdk”kkvksa dh flQZ ljijLrh gh ugha dh cfYd jD”k o ekslhdh f”k{kk ds fy;s ,d Ldwydk;e fd;kA tgk¡ laxhr ls izse j[kus okyksa dks bldh QUuh izf”k{k.k fn;k tkrk FkkA lEchuegknso dks Hkh laxhr ls cM+k yxko FkkA mUgksaus eafnjksa esa Hktu vkSj ifo= fdrkcksa dks lqjls xkus fgek;r dhA

bl tekus esa vkSjrksa us ;gh dke ugha fd;s ?kj ds dke ds vykok /kkfeZdizpkj o izlkj ls ysdj Qu rkehj rd esa og enksZa ds lkFk cjkcj fgLlk ysrh FkhA nf{k.k esarhu jkfu;ksa us nwljh lgh dkQ ehl esa nfj;k;s Ñ’.kk ds fdukjs dnhe Lrwi nksckjk rkehjdjk;s jkuh yksd egknsoh us lkroha lnh esa dkaph dk dSyk”k efUnj dk fuekZ.k djk;k tks mlnkSj dh Qus rkehj dk ,d csgrjhu uewuk gSA jkuh vkSj yksgjk ds jktk dh yM+dh nknk uscgqr ls eafnjksa dk fuekZ.k djk;kA jkuh yksd egknsoh us chtkiqj esa yksds”oj dk eafnjcuok;kA fnO;k dk ftØ jkt rjuxuh esa gS fd mlus lkjh mez eafnjksa ds cuokus esa dj nhAdqUnoh us f”kok ds fo’.kq ds eafnjksa dks rkehj djk;kA fot; y{eh iafMr us ,d txg oSfndvkSj cks/k tekus dh vkSjrksa dh gSfl;r ij fVIi.kh djrs gq;s fy[kk gS fd%&

^^oä vkSj tekus dh rCnhfy;ksa ds lkFk vkSjr dh gSfl;r esa Hkh rc~nhfy;ka gqbZa gSaAoSfnd tekus esa tcfd rgthc cgqr eknh FkhA ftUnxh dh cqfu;kn [ksrhckM+h Fkh vkSj nkSyrdk rlOoj xYyk vkSj dqÙkksa ls fd;k tkrk FkkA vkSjr fuLcru vktkn Fkh vkSj dchys esamldh txg dk rkbZu mldh vgfy;r ls fd;k tkrk FkkA og txg dchys ds dkeksa esafgLlk cukdj ik;k djrh FkhA^^cks/k ds tekus esa vkSjr cgqr T;knk tguh rjDdh dh] mUgksaus rgthch dkeksa esa vgetxg gkfly dha vkSj blfy;s laLÑr vnc vkSj ml tekus ds Mªkeksa esa rkyhe ;kQrk

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MkW0 lkgc flag

yks/k vkSjrksa dk cM+k vPNk ntkZ gSA**21

tSu nkSj esa vkSjrksa dh lHkh vktkfn;k¡ yksx lH;rk dh lh gh FkhaA tSlhvkSjrsa Quwu&,&yrhQk ¼gkL; dyk½ dfork] Qu rkehj ¼fuekZ.k dyk½ esa c<+&p<+ dj fgLlkysrh FkhA ,s tSuh lkfgck tks duM~Mh tqcku dh izfl) dfo gq;ha dqN vkSjrksa us duMMh tqckuesa izfl) fdrkcsa Hkh fy[kh gSaA

tSuh ;qx esa Hkh Qu elOojh ¼fp=dkjh½ esa fgLlk fy;kA ,d fo’kky HkO;efUnj cuok;kA ;g fuekZ.k dk;Z vius tekus ds csgrjhu uewus gSaA bl tekus esa lk/kkj.k :iesa gkL; dyk esa vkSjrsa T;knk fnypLih fy;k djrh Fkha ftlls muds tkSd o “kkSd esa dksbZ:dkoV ugha iM+hA

izkphu dky esa vkSjrksa dk fgUnqLrkuh lekt esa D;k D;k egRo ,oa lkFkZdrkFkhaA vc rd bl tk;ts ls Li”V :i esa izdV gksrh gS fd fgUnq /keZ tSu vkSj cks/k /keZ dsvuqlkj fdruh LorU=rk vkSj ikcfUn;ka FkhaA

¼vk½ vkSjrksa dh irurk ds dkj.k¼vk½ vkSjrksa dh irurk ds dkj.k¼vk½ vkSjrksa dh irurk ds dkj.k¼vk½ vkSjrksa dh irurk ds dkj.k¼vk½ vkSjrksa dh irurk ds dkj.k

lkekftd ,oa jktuSfrdlkekftd ,oa jktuSfrdlkekftd ,oa jktuSfrdlkekftd ,oa jktuSfrdlkekftd ,oa jktuSfrd

L=h lnSo dfoRo dk fo”k; jgh gSA ftl fdlh us Hkh L=h ij dye mBk;kmlus vkSjr ls T;knk vius fo”ks’k fopkj vkSj vius gn rd [kkl vuqHkoksa dks vk/kkj cukdjizLrqr fd;k gS ftlesa mldh futh lQyrk;sa vlQyrk;sa vkSj nwljs ntsZ dh vuqierk vf/kd fn[kkbZ nsrh gSaA mudh otg ;g Hkh gks ldrh gS fd T;knk rj ys[kd iq:’k gSaA blfy,os budh leL;kvksa dks xaHkhjrk ls ugha ns[k ldrs vkSj }S’k us muds mís”; dks my>kdj j[kfn;kA bldh lcls vPNh felky (LUDDLL, WL. GEORGE OTTO WEININGER) dh iqLrdksaesa feyrh gSaA budh fdrkcksa esa vkSjr dh mUufr;ksa vkSj lQyrkvksa ds ctk;s futh uqDrs utjij T;knk gSA bu fdrkcksa ds lEcU/k esa ^^tku ysaxMu M;wfyl us fy[kk gS%&

^^fd ;g fdrkcsa lgh bZYe ds ctk;s mijh tkudkjh vkSj dkj.kksa ds ctk;svfHkeku vkSj ?ke.M ij vk/kkfjr gSaA**22

vkSjr dh iLrh o toky ds dkj.kksa esa bu ys[kdksa vkSj bl fdLe dhfdrkcksa dks cM+k egRo izkIr gSA blfy;s fd bUgksaus ,d vke fetkt vkSj fopkj/kkjk cukusesa enn dh gSA vkSjr ftLekuh :i esa detksj gksrh gS vkSj nwljs tguh :i esa Hkh enksZa lsdetksj gSaA nwljs tguh rkSj ls enksZa ls derj gksrh gSaA rhljs fetkt ds :i esa ,srckj lscgqr tYn ifjofrZr gks tkus okyh gksrh gSaA dqN yksxksa dk rks ;gk¡ rd [;ky gS fd vkSjr,d igsyh gSA bldks u rks dksbZ le> ldrk vkSj u T;knk fnuksa rd [kq”k j[k ldrk vkSjpw¡fd og enZ dh lcls cM+h [okfg”k gksrh gS blfy, mlh ds fy;s lcls cM+k [krjk Hkh gSAbldk otwn flQZ cPpksa dh ijofj”k vkSj ?kj ds dkeksa ds fy;s gqvk blds vykok fQrjh rkSj

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ij og fdlh dke ds fy, ;ksX; ughaA bu if”peh lkfgR;dkjksa ds lkFk fgUnqLrkuhlkfgR;dkjksa us Hkh dbZ txgksa ij muds [;ky dk leFkZu fd;kA ,sls [;kykr lk/kkj.kr;%“kk;jkuk vkSj HkknjkbZ rlOojkrh gSa mudh fuxkgsa vkSjr ds bl “kk;jkuk fetkt] ukStokuyM+ds ekpZ csd~l ls T;knk ughaA tks tsEcl eksj ekjy ls flQZ bl ckr ij yM+ tkrk gS fdMaMk ds gkFk I;kt dkVs] tksuksa ij ekfyl djus vkSj ySEi esa rsy Hkjus ds fy;s ugha gSA ogekodZ ds lkFk [kqn vius dks Hkh usMMk dk vgy ugha irkA cfYd dgrk gS fd ge nksuksa dksexfjc vkSj e”kfjd dh rjQ dusMMk ds fy;s ,d equkflc “kkSgj ryk”k djus ds fy;s fudytkuk pkfg;sA blfy;s fd ekjy dusMmk [ksjs dke ysuk Fkk vkSj ekpZ csd~l dk [;ky Fkkfd og dke djus ds fy;s ugha cukbZ xbZ gSA blh rjg gekjs cgqr ls ys[kdksa dk [;ky gSfd vkSjr esa dke djus dh lykfg;r gh ugha gksrh ;g ckr muds tTckrh yxko vkSj ‘kk;jkukfetkt dh fu”kkunsgh djrh gSA fcYdqy blh rjg fu;kt Qrsgiqjh us fy[kk gS%&

^^vkSjr ds ftLe o fnekx dh lk[r gh flQZ blfy;s uktqd cuk;h x;h gS fd ognqfu;k ds bu gaxkeksa esa fgLlk u ys lds ftldk eqdkcyk djus ds fy;s flQZ enZ olhv fd;kx;k gSA bldk dke mu f[knekr dh ijofj”k djuk gS ftldk rkYyqd ml ldwu ls gS ufd “kksj gaxkes ls gSA vxj vkSjr enZ ds nks”k cnks”k reke enkZuk e”kkfxy esa fgLlk ysus dsfy;s vkeknk gks tk;s rks ge ugha dg ldrs fd mudks iwjk ugha dj ldrh ysfdu ;g t:jgS fd og fQrjr ds f[kykQ pyus okyh dgykbZ tk;saxh vkSj dk;ukr dk futke ftlesauktqd o dj[kr ueZ o b”d nksuksa igyw cjkcj j[ks x;s gSaA nje o cjge gks tk;saxsA**23

vkSjr dh iLrh dk fl;klh lcc lcls T;knk vge gSA blfy, fd blus lkewfgd :i esa vkSjr dh ftUnxh dks izHkkfor gS vkSj ;g dkj.k tax gSA vkSjr dh [kqf”k;ksadks fdlh fopkj us bruk T;knk rckg ugha fd;k ftruk enZ dh thrus dh bZPNk us D;ksafdenZ rks taxksa esa dke vk tkrs gSa vkSj thrus okyh QkStsa vkSjrksa ij dCtk dj ysrh gSaA bl izdkjvkSjr dh ftUnxh ges”kk ds fy;s [kqf”k;ksa ls oafpr gks tkrh gSA vxj ge fdlh ns”k dhfl;klh bfrgkl mBkdj ns[ksa rks bldk vanktk gksxk fd fdl rjg taxksa dk izfrfØ;k ds:i esa vkSjrksa dk lekth egRo [kRe gks tkrk gSA Lo;a fgUnqLrku dh rkjh[k taxksa ds ftØls Hkjh iM+h gSA bu taxksa esa enksZa ds dRy gks tkus ds ckn vkSjrksa dks vlH; ftUnxh xqtkjuhiM+rh FkhA vxj og thrus okys ds vf/kdkj esa vk tk;sa rks og muds lkFk ftl rjg dk HkhO;ogkj djsa mUgsa lgu djuk iM+rk Fkk ftl izdkj dh ftUnxh xqtkjus ds fy;s muls dgktkrk og mlds fy, etcwj FkhaA nwljh lwjr esa vxj og thrus okys ds dCts esa vkus ls cptk;sa rks [kqn mudk lekt mUgsa mudks iwoZ dk egRo nsus dks rS;kj ugha gksrk FkkA bl fy,gj tax ds ckn vke rkSj ij ijkftr ns”k esa enksZa deh gks tkrh gSA ,slh lwjr esa tax esa dkevk tkus okyksa dh fo/kokvksa dh “kknh ugha gks ikrh FkhA de gh vkSjrsa ,slh gksrh Fkha ftudk

126


MkW0 lkgc flag

[kkunku muds cks> dks cnkZ”r dj ysrk gksA bl lwjr esa Hkh vxj og vius [kkunku esa jgx;ha rks mUgsa [kjkc ftUnxh xqtkjuh iM+rh FkhA ckdh vkSjrksa ds fy, vkfFkZd n”kk ij dkcwikuk eqf”dy gks tkrk Fkk vkSj ,slh lwjr esa ftUnk jgs vkSj ftUnxh dh nwljh t:j;kr dksiwjk djus ds fy;s mUgsa tk;t uktk;t dke djus iM+rs FksA og fdlh os’;ky; esa cndkjhdh ftUnxh xqtkjsa ;k fdlh dh j[kSy dh gSfl;r ls jgsaA mudk lekth ntkZ ogh jgrk FkkAtku yhaxMu Msfol us bl leL;k ij fd ^tax vkSjr dks fdl rjg rckg djrh gSA jkS”kuhMkyrs gq;s fy[kk gS fd tax pkj rjhdksa ls vkSjr dks cckZn djrh gSA

¼1½ vius enksZa ds fcuk cnfdLerh ls og Hkw[kksa ejrh gSa ;k ekj Mkyh tkrh gSaA

¼2½ mldh fQrjh tgkur [kRe gks tkrh gSA

¼3½ enksZa dh deh dh otg ls mls tgk¡ reke dkeksa esa fgLlk ysuk iM+rk gSA

¼4½ ogha mls [kjkc ftUnxh xqtkjus ij etcwj gksuk iM+rk gSA24

vke rkSj ij rgthch vkSj b[kykdh dnjsa fc[kj lh tkrh gSaA QkSth l[resgur djus dh otg ls vD[kM gksrs gSaA mudks b[kykdh vkSj rgthch dnjksa dh dksbZvgfe;r ugha gksrhA blfy, “kgjksa ij pan jkstk gqDejkuh esa viuh iwjh cjch;r vkSj og”khiudk lcwr nsrs gSaA lkFk gh vkSjrsa “kk;n cktkjh dh ftUnxh xqtkjus ij etcwj gksrh gSa tksmudh lHkh [kqf”k;ksa vkSj ftUnxh ds reke gqLu [kRe dj nsrh gSaA

tkxhjnkuk vgn esa pw¡fd cxkorsa vkSj txsa T;knk gqbZa blfy, bl nkSj esavkSjrksa dh dnjks eaftyr de utj vkrh gSA L=h dk egRo ,d :i esa t:jh Fkk fd ogmudh rQjhgks egfQyksa dk gqLu vkSj ,s”k&o&b”kjr dk tfj;k FkhaA ysfdu blds vykokmldk dksbZ lekth egRo ugha FkkA vxj vkSjr oSokfgr choh gSA ?kj dh pkgjnhokjh ds vanj?kqV ?kqV dj ej tkuk gh mldk eqdíj gksrk FkkA vxj og oS’;k gS rks mldh t:jr,s’k&o&b’kjr dh lHkkvksa rd lhfer FkhA vkSjr ds iru ds dkj.kksa esa ;g ,d cM+h otg gSAdyhe mYygk us fy[kk gS%&

^^vgn ,s tgk¡xhjnkjh esa choh dk QtZ mlh rjg Fkk fd og [kkuknkjh ds vewj dksvatke ns vkSj lsfodkvksa vkSj yksfM;ksa ij fuxjkuh djsA mu yksfM;ksa ls enZ pkgrs rks ftUlhrkYyqdkr Hkh j[k ldrs Fks ysfdu mudh chfo;ka gLr{ksi ugha dj ldrh FkhaA fgUnqLrku esatgkaxhj ;qx us lekt esa vehj] tgkaxhjnkj vkSj lHkh m¡ph tkrh ds lekt esa T;knkrj ;gh“kDy utj vkrh gSaA oS”;k ml ;qx dh lkslk;Vh dk fo”ks’k fgLlk FkhA tc rd ?kj esa dbZoS”;k u gksrh rc rd ?kj dh ‘kku u jgrhA enksZa dk vf/kdrj le; mUgha ds ikl clj gksrklkjs ,s”k o b”kjr vkSj fnypfLi;ksa dk dsUæ fcUnw ;gh jgrkA mudh “kkbZLrxh vkSj vkVZlfVdetkd dk “ksgjk jgrk vkSj enZ ftUnxh dh gj izdkj dh [kq”kh muls izkIr djrs vkSj viuhlkjh nkSyr muds dneksa esa fuNkoj djrs vkSj ;gh tc vius ?kj esa gksrs rks fcYdqy ckt:jr

127



gkfde cu tkrs choh Mjh lgeh mudk [kSjedne djrha vkSj ml djeQjekbZ ij eeuwu vkSje”kdwj gksrhA**25

lekt esa tgk¡ ?kj dh vkSjrksa dk dksbZ egRo ugha Fkk vkSj enZ oS”;kvksa lsfny cgykrs FksA lekt esa cgqr lh [kjkfc;k¡ iSnk dhaA ;g [kjkfc;ka ,slh Fkha ;g vuqHko rqjUrugha fd;k tk ldrk FkkA ysfdu blus /khjs /khjs gekjh lH;rk vkSj O;ogkfjd pfj= ds vk/kkj dks detksj dj fn;kA tc enZ ds tgu esa vkSjr dkfcys eqgCcr ;k df”k”k dk dkj.kmlh oä gks tcfd og rokbZQ gks tk;s rks ,sls lekt dh b[kykdh gSfl;r D;k gksxhA ogvkSjrsa tks ,sls vehjksa vkSj jkslkbZ dh gosfy;ksa vkSj egy ljkvksa esa dSn jgrh FkhaA mUgsa etcwjucsjkg joh dh ftUnxh vf[r;kj djuh iM+rh FkhA budh T;knkrj Ñik ?kj ds ckgj jgk djrhFkh tks ljkvksa esa dSn FkhA blfy;s mudk ykteh urhtk jísvey ds rkSj ij gksrk Fkk fd ?kjdh vkSjrsa ,slh ckrksa dk f’kdkj gks tkrh Fkh ftudh evk”kjs esa vkSjr dh dnjks eaftyr vkSjHkh fxj x;hA

vkSjrksa ds iru ds dkj.kksa esa fl;klh eg:fe;ksa ds lkFk lekth vkSj /kkfeZdcU/kuksa dk Hkh cgqr cM+k gkFk jgk gSA tkxhjnkuk oxksZa esa vkSjrksa vkSj enksZa ds njfe;ku ftUlhrkLlqc T;knk Li’V :i esa fn[kk;h nsrs gSaA nkSyrean ?kjkuksa dh vkSjrsa ftudh fuxkg esaftUnxh dk vly mís”; ,s”k o b”kjr gS vkSj ftudks ml oä ds lekth uqekbZUns dgk tkldrk gSA LokHkkfod :i esa [kq’kkeanh esa tkrh FkhaA viuk T;knkrj oä ,slh rjhdks vkSj muphtksa ds iz;ksx ij [kpZ djrh FkhA ftuls og vius “kkSgjksa dks [kq”k j[k ldsaA blfy;s fd“kkSgj T;knkrj nwljh vkSjrksa ls fny cgyk;k djrs FksA b/kj ?kj dh vkSjr ds tguksa esa cpiuls ;g ckr clk nh tkrh Fkh mudh ftUnxh dk edln ifr dh iwtk gSA bl bUrgkilUn“kkSgj ijLrh tTcs us vkSjr dh [kqíkjh] odkj vkSj fdjnkj dks iru dk dkj.k cuk fn;k vkSjbuesa vius vuqie gksus dk Hkko] viuh leL;kvksa vkSj vf/kdkjksa ds ckjs esa lkspus dh ;ksX;rkgh ugha jghA vkSjrksa dh rjDdh esa mudh vkfFkZd detksfj;ka lcls cM+h :dkoVsa gSaA ;gvkfFkZd detksfj;ka Hkh budh iru dk cgqr cM+k dkj.k gSA pw¡fd vkfFkZd izfr”Bk mudhftUnxh dk rekerj nkjksenkj iq:’kksa ij gksrk FkkA blfy, og lekt esa ,d lqLr vax cudjjg x;hA nwljs ifjokj dk ekfyd enZ gksrk FkkA bl lksp us Hkh vkSjrksa dh lekth voLFkkdks cgqr T;knk gkfu igq¡pkbZA pw¡fd vkSjrksa dh t:j;krs ftUnxh flQZ enksZa ij fuHkZj FkhAblfy;s mudh lsok djuk muds fy, vko’;d FkhA

lkewfgd ifjokj ds fjokt us Hkh vkSjrksa dh lkekftd gSfl;r dks uqdlkucgqr igq¡pk;k blfy;s fd lkewfgd ifjokj esa flQZ enZ dk egRo gksrk Fkk vkSj enksZa esa Hkhog [kkunku esa lcls cM+k gksA ,sls [kkunkuksa esa vkSjr dh bUQjkfn;r vkSj vgfe;r ugha FkhA,sls esa flQZ enZ dh f[kn~er djuk vkSj enksZa dh T;knfr;ksa dks cnkZ”r djuk FkkA cPpksa dh

128


MkW0 lkgc flag

“kknh ;k [kkunku dh fo”ks’k ckrksa esa Hkh mldh dksbZ lgefr ugha FkhA ekewyh ekewyh ckrksaij [kkunkuh >xM+s gksrs vkSj lkjk Øks/k vkSjr ij cjlrk FkkA vke rkSj ij oSokfgd thoudh FkksM+h lh [kq”kh Hkh mlds fgLls esa ugha vkrh FkhA

vkSjr ds toky ds dkj.kksa esa pUn ckrksa dks cgqr egRo izkIr gSA buesa lclsigys cpiu dh “kknh dk izpyu gSA bl fjokt ls cgqr ls lekth vkSj evk”kjrh uqdlkugq;s vFkkZr vkSjr cpiu dh “kknh dh otg ls bZYe tSls user ls oafpr jghA ,d le; esacki cgqr NksVh NksVh yM+fd;ksa ds fj”rs djk fn;k djrs Fks bldh otg ls vOoy rks og f”k{kkugha gkfly dj ikrh Fkh nwljs de mez esa gh cPps iSnk gks tkrs FksA ftlls bldk vlj mldsLokLF; ij iM+rk Fkk vkSj lkFk gh muds cPps ftlekuh vkSj fnekxh :i ls vius iwoZtksa lsde ntsZ ds gksrs FksA ftlls ns”k dh j¶rkj esa vM+pu iSnk gksrh FkhA MkŒ tkQjh glu us fy[kkgS fd%&

^^cpiu dh “kknh dh vkSykn lsgr ds ,srckj ls bruh ?kfV;k ugha ftruh fdtkunkjh ds ,srckj ls gksrh gSA vFkkZr blesa og dqOor o rkdr ugha gqbZ fd viuh fnekxhvkSj ftLekuh dkcfy;r ls iwjk ykHk mBk;s og gksf”k;kj vkSj t+ghu gksrs gq;s fudEeh gksrhgSA og viuh bZ”ojh; iznku xq.kksa dks dksf”k”k vkSj LFkkbZ fetkth ds ckotwn mtkxj ughadjrh vkSj viuh lhjr dh [kwfc;ksa dh izoku ugha p<+k ldrhA**26

cpiu dh “kkfn;ksa ls ;g Hkh uqdlku gksrk Fkk fd cgqr T;knk la[;k esaNksVh NksVh yM+fdf;ka fo/kok gks tkrh Fkha vkSj pw¡fd fgUnq lekt esa fo/kokvksa dh “kknh dkdksbZ pyu ugha FkkA vFkkZr bu yM+fd;ksa dks viuh ftUnxh xqtkjuh eqf”dy gskrh FkhA blcpiu dh fo/kokiu vkSj bu fo/kokvksa dh “kknh u gksus ds fjokt ugha gksus ds fjoktus vkSjr dh rekerj vuqierk] vuks[kkiu ,oa fo”ks’krk dks feêh esa feyk fn;kA ;g vHkkfxuvkSj xjhc fo/kok;sa lekt esa vPNh fuxkg ugha ns[kh tkrh Fkha vkSj ifjokj ds yksx Hkh budslkFk vPNk O;ogkj ugha djrs FksA vFkkZr ;g viuh jgus dh txg os”;ky;ksa vkSj cndkjhds vM~Mksa dks cuk ysrh FkhaA ogk¡ igq¡pdj og vkfFkZd fpUrkvksa ls NqVdkjk ik ysrh Fkha vkSjnwljh rjQ mudks oäh rkSj ls FkksM+h lh rLdhu fey tkrh FkhA ,d izkphu Hkkjrh; fo”oklds vuqlkj fo/kok;sa vius ifr dh e`R;q dh Hkkxhnkj gSaA ;g vk’p;Z tud o vthcksa xjhcfo”okl ds fjokt ls vFkkZr mlds ifr dks mlds fiNys tUe ds xqukgksa dh ltk esa okfilys fy;k x;kA blfy, mldks nwljh “kknh djus dh btktr ugha nh x;h Fkh vkSj ?kj esa mldslkFk cgqr cqjk O;ogkj fd;k tkrk FkkA ;gh dkj.k gS fd T;knkrj fo/kok;sa fo”ks’kdjukStoku fo/kok;sa oS”;ky;ksa esa pyh tkrh FkhA tgk¡ de ls de nq[k nnZ Hkjh ckrksa ls lqjf{krjgrh FkhaA ,d teZu vUos’kd ekgjs ftal;kr (Hurs chfeld) g’kZ ¶ysM dydÙkk cukjl vkSjcEcbZ esa vius fgUnqLrkuh nksLrksa ds lkFk oS”;ky; ns[kus x;s ogk¡ mUgksaus yM+fd;ksa ls okrkZyki

129



dh vkSj muds ckjs esa fy[kk gS fd%&

^^buesa ls T;knkrj us crk;k fd og bl is”ks esa csok gksus ds ckn vkbZ ml oä Hkhesjs lkeus ,d cgqr [kwclwjr iqLrk dn yM+dh xksn esa vius cPps dks fy;s vius dejs dh Nrij Vgy jgh gSA esjs fgUnqLrkuh lkfFk;ksa us tc mlls iwNk fd og ;gk¡ ij fdl rjg igq¡phrks mlus cM+s bRehuku ls tokc fn;k fd og iaæg lky dh mez esa csok gks xbZ Fkh vkSj cgjgkymls fdlh u fdlh lwjr ls mls vius cPps dk isV ikyuk FkkA**27

bu ckrksa ls ;g ckr fl) gks tkrh gSA fd cpiu dh ‘kknh vkSj fo/kokvksadh “kknh u gksuk vkSjr ds iru dk dkj.k gSA bu nksuksa ckrksa us vkSjr dh lekth gSfl;rdks fcYdqy [kRe dj fn;kA lekt esa bldk dksbZ egRo ugha jgk og fcYdqy ykpkj oet~ywe vkSj etcwj gksdj jg x;hA

^^vkSjr dks lekt esa cgqr lhek rd mu [kkfe;ksa ds lkFk dqpy fn;k x;kFkk fgUnqvksa dk dguk fd inkZ eqlyekuksa dk yk;k gqvk gS vkSj eqlyekuksa ds Mj ls mUgksausviuh vkSjrksa dks inkZ djkuk “kq: fd;kA**28

bfrgkl ds v/;;u ls irk pyrk gSA osnksa ds tekus esa ;kfu rdjhcu 400d-e- esa insZ dk fjokt FkkA blds vykok euw us fgUnqLrku ds izkphu nLrwj dh igyh fdrkcesa pkSFkh lnh iwoZ elhg esa fy[kh x;h gSA fy[kk gS fd%&

^^vkSjr dk fnu o jkr [kkunku ds enksZa dh ns[kHkky esa ?kj ds vUnj jguk pkfg,cpiu mlds cki dks mldh fuxjkuh djuh pkfg,A tokuh esa mlds “kkSgj dks cq<+kis esa mldsyM+ds dksA**29

inkZ oSfnd tekus ls ‘kq: gqvk Fkk eqlyeku yk;s ysfdu blus ftl izdkj;g pyu vke gqvk ml “kd ugha gS fd vkSjr dh ratyh ¼iru½ dk lcc cuhA insZ dh l[rikcanh us vxj ,d rjQ mldh lsgr ij vlj rks nwljh rjQ u rks eqYd dh rkehj ds dkeksads yk;d ugha insZ esa can jgus dh otg ls mldh vkfFkZd n”kk Hkh [kjkc gksrh x;hA blfy;sfd og dksbZ dke ugha dj ldrh FkhA ftlds fy;s mls inkZ NksM+uk iM+sA vkSjr dh leL;kfofHkUu oxksZa esa fHkUu&fHkUu /keksZa esa vusd izdkj dh gSaA

fofHkUu oxksZa vkSj fofHkUu /keksZa esa vkSjrksa dh leL;k;sa vyx jgh gSaA lk/kkj.kr;k tks lcls fo”ks’k leL;k e/;e vkSj NksVs oxksZa esa fn[kk;h iM+rh gSA og f”k{kk dhleL;k e/;e vkSj fupys oxZ esa f”k{kk dk vHkko gksuk cgqr cM+k dkj.k gSA buesa igyk dkj.kvkfFkZd dkj.k nwljk dkj.k de mez esa “kknh gSA vf”k{kk ds dkj.k ls bu oxksZa ds yksxksa rdtkx`fr dh ygj ugha igq¡p ldh ;gh otg gS fd enksZa esa /kkfeZd va/kfo”okl dk vU/kkiulekth jLeksa fjokt ds cU/ku dk n[ky c<+ x;k Fkk vkSj nwljh rjQ f”k{kk u feyus ds dkj.kvkSjrksa esa tguh csnkjh u iSnk gks ldh lk/kkj.kr;k vkSjrksa dks vaxzsth f”k{kk fnykuk cqjkbZ

130


MkW0 lkgc flag

le>h tkrh FkhA dqN m¡ps oxZ ds ifjokjksa dks NksM+dj ftUgksaus if”peh izpyu dks Lohdkjdj fy;k FkkA vU; nwljksa ?kjksa esa vaxzsth f”k{kk izkIr djuk HkVdus ds cjkcj le>k tkrk FkkA,d “kk;j dk dyke mlds nkSj dh rkjh[k gksrh gSA blfy;s bl flyflys esa Hkh gesa dqN“kks;jk ds ;gk¡ ,sls b”kkjs fey tkrs gSa tks ikcUnh dh rjQ b”kkjk djrs gSaA tSls vdcjbykgkcknh us yM+fd;ksa dh vaxzsth gkfly djus ij dgk gSA

yM+fd;k¡ i<+ jgh gSa vaxzsth

<w¡<+ yh dkSe us Qykg dh jkg

nwljh fo”ks’k leL;k cstksM+ “kknh tks vf/kdrj gj oxZ esa izpfyr gSA yM+dksadks fdlh gn rd viuh ilUn vkSj ukilUn dk vf/kdkj gS ysfdu yM+fd;ksa ds fy;s tqcku[kksyus dh dksbZ xqatkbZ”k ugha eka cki tgk¡ Hkh pkgsa “kknh dj nsaA pkgsa mu nksuksa esa tguh bYehvkSj fetkth le:irk gks ;k u gksA bu cstksM+ “kkfn;ksa dk izHkko iw.kZ lekt ij iM+rk gSAoSokfgd thou vke rkSj ij [kjkc gh jgrk gSA dyheqYyk us fy[kk gS%&

^^”kknh ds oä ij ;g ugha ns[kk tkrk enZ vkSjr ds lufolky gqLu o izfrHkkokudbZ phtsa lkewfgd gSaA mudh ilUn dk dksbZ loky dkfcys xkSj ugha gksrk Fkk flQZ ;g ns[kktkrk Fkk fd ,d nwljs dh nkSyr o ljor vkSj eq[kdkarh esa fdruh o`f) gSA**30

dHkh dHkh bu vleku “kkfn;ksa dk izHkko oSokfgd la[;kvksa dh lwjr esatkfgj djrk FkkA oSls rks ;g phtsa tkxhjnkjkuk nkSj dh nsu Fkh vkSj dbZ chfo;ka j[kukizpyu ;k QS”ku cu x;k Fkk ysfdu vDlj cstksM+ “kkfn;ksa ds dkj.k ;g lwjrsgky iSnk gksrhFkhaA vkSjrksa ds fy;s ;g Hkh cM+h leL;k FkhA blfy;s vkSjrksa ds gksus dh lwjr esa mudk og[kkunkuh egRo ;k lekth gSfl;r og ugha jg tkrh tks gksuh pkfg;s Fkh cM+s rcdksa esa dbZ‘kkfn;ka djus ;k fofHkUu vkSjrksa ls lEcU/k j[kus dh felkysa T;knk feyrh gSaA vxj dqN gkykresa /kkfeZd ;k dkuwuh rkSj ij dbZ “kkfn;k¡ djus dh btktr u gks rks muds fy;s ^ckyk [kkuksa**ds njokts [kqys gq, FksA dqN txg bl oS”;k dh “kDy fcYdqy nwljh gS tks fd cgqr T;knkb[kykd ‘kkst gSA**1

esxuhl g”kZ QsYM (Megnis Hurchfeld) us fgUnqLrkuh ukjh dh leL;k ijokrkZyki djrs gq;s fy[kk gSA

^^;gk¡ vkt Hkh cgqr ls ekrk firk viuh yM+fd;ksa dh iSnkbZ”k ls igys vkSjiSnkbZ’k ds ckn nsfo;k¡ le>rs gSaA ekrk;sa mudks cpiu gh esa efUnjksa esa ys tkdj iqftfj;ksa dslqiqnZ dj nsrh gSa vkSj iqtkfjusa mudks ^nsoh** cuus dh f”k{kk nsrh gSaA og mUgsa ukp fl[kkrhgSaA xkuk vkSj iwtk ikB dh f”k{kk nsrh gSaA

;g ukStoku yM+fd;k¡ iqtkfj;ksa dh choh dh gSfl;r ls jgrh Fkha vkSj ,slkHkh gksrk Fkk fd og efUnj dh nkSyr vkSj rksgQs ds :i esa nwljs ;kf=;ksa dh rQjhg ds fy,

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Hkh is”k dh tkrh FkhaA ml tekus esa bl cqjkbZ ds fojks/k esa cgqr T;knk vkokt mBk;h x;hvkSj og ;g ^^eqdn~n”k rokbZQ** nduh fgUnq dk ml oä lcls vge loky FkkA**31

vkSjr ds fy, ;g leL;k ftruh fo”ks’k gS mldk lek/kku mruk gh nq”okj]bl fy;s bl lEcU/k esa /keZ ls vkSj /kkfeZd ekeyksa dh bLykg djuk bruk vklku ughaA

ukjh dh leL;kvksa esa cgq la[;d fookg ds i”pkr rykd dk gd vkrkgSA lHkh oxksZa esa dh ukfj;ksa dh ftUnxh dh ,d fo”ks’k leL;k gSA mlds fy, rykd dk vf/kdkj u gksus ds dkj.k ls mUgsa gj izdkj ds ifr ds lkFk xqtkjk djuk iM+rk gSA pkgs ogfdruh gh [kjkc chekjh esa f?kjk gksA pkgs og vius LoHkko ,oa vknr ls fdruk gh [kjkc D;ksau gksA

blh ds lkFk ukfj;ksa dh leL;k esa ngst dh Hkh leL;k gSA ;g leL;k m¡poxZ ds fy;s rks dksbZ fo”ks’k egRo ugha j[krh ysfdu e/;e oxZ ds fy;s vkSj NksVs oxZ ds yksxksads oxZ ds fy, cgqr cM+h leL;k gSA vDlj flQZ ngst dh jde u gksus dh otg lsekrk&firk yM+fd;ksa dh “kknh ugha dj ikrs gSa vkSj mUgsa dkQh mez rd cSBs jguk iM+rk gSAmez T;knk gksus dh otg ls ‘kknh djus okyksa dh ekax esa btkQk gks tkrk gSA ftlds dkj.kls dqN oä “kkfn;k¡ ugha gks ikrha ;k vxj gqbZa rks csesy “kkfn;ka gqbZ blfy, etcwju ekrkfirk ukStoku yM+fd;ksa dh “kkfn;k¡ cw<+ksa ls djus ij flQZ blfy;s rS;kj gks tkrs gSa fd mudsikl ngst esa :i;s nsus dh gSfl;r ugha gSA bl leL;k us lekt esa fofHkUu [kjkfc;ka iSnkdhaA

ukjh ds fy;s ,d leL;k ;g Hkh Fkh fd mls ifr dh tk;nkn esa dksbZ vf/kdkj ugha feyrk Fkk ftldh otg ls ifr dh e`R;q ds ckn mldh ftUnxh cPpksa ds jgeksadje ij gksrh Fkh ;k fQj mldks xqykekuk <ax ls thuh iM+rh FkhA

ukjh dh LorU=rk dh d”ked”k vkSj vktknh ds vkUnksyu esa ukjh dhukjh dh LorU=rk dh d”ked”k vkSj vktknh ds vkUnksyu esa ukjh dhukjh dh LorU=rk dh d”ked”k vkSj vktknh ds vkUnksyu esa ukjh dhukjh dh LorU=rk dh d”ked”k vkSj vktknh ds vkUnksyu esa ukjh dhukjh dh LorU=rk dh d”ked”k vkSj vktknh ds vkUnksyu esa ukjh dhHkkxhnkjh%&Hkkxhnkjh%&Hkkxhnkjh%&Hkkxhnkjh%&Hkkxhnkjh%&

;w¡ rks ges”kk ls ukfj;k¡ fofHkUu bYeh vnch vkSj lekth e”kkfxy esafnypLih ysrh jgh gSa vkSj cgqr izfl) vkSjrsa flQZ ;gh ugha fd vius ;qx dh e”kgwj jgh gSacfYd budh izfl)h bfrgkl dk fgLlk cu x;h gSa ftUgksaus Åywe o Quwu esa fnypLih Hkhyh cfYd dqN tekus esa ns”k dh fl;klr Hkh muds gkFk esa jgh gSA

e/;orhZ ;qx vkSj eqxyh;k nkSj esa vkSjrksa dks viuh ;ksX;rkvksa dks tkfgjdjus ds dkQh volj feys ;g og tekuk Fkk tcfd fuekZ.k dyk] laxhr fp=dkjh bR;kfnls yksxksa dks vke rkSj ls fnypLih Fkh ftldh rkjh[kh ;knxkjsa vkt Hkh dsfUær gSaA bl tekusesa cgqr lh vkSjrsa ,slh Fkha ftUgksaus Åywe Quwu esa egkjr gkfly dha xokfy;kj ds jktk ekuflag dh choh exZuS;uk ¼1686&1515½ laxhr esa cgqr ekfgj FkhaA iUægoha lnh esa mlds ckn

132


MkW0 lkgc flag

ehjk ckbZ ds xkuksa dks cgqr “kksgjr feyhA ehjk ckbZ ds Hktu vkt Hkh mlh J)k vkSj I;kjls lqus tkrs gSaA

eqxyksa ds tekus esa eqlyly geyksa us vkSjrksa dh lekth gSfl;r dks dkQheqrkflj fd;kA vkSjrksa ij tax ds vljkr fdl rjg iM+rs gSaA bldk o.kZu dj pqds gSa ysfduyM+kbZ >xM+ksa ls tks vke uqdlkukr gksrs gSaA mlds vykok tks eqxyksa ds tekus dh yM+kbZ;ksaesa ,d uqdlku ;g Hkh gqvk fd vkSjrksa dh gSfl;r xSj egQwt gks x;hA pw¡fd vkerkSj ijywVekj ds okD;kr gksrs jgrs FksA vFkkZr cq) ds tekus ls vkSjrksa dk ,d rcyhxh flyflykpyk vk jgk FkkA og [kRe gks x;kA ;g cq/kfHkd{khuh ?kqe ?kqe dj cq) /keZ dh rcyhx djrhFkh tks fd eqlyly geyksa us jkLrksa dks vlqjf{kr cuk fn;k FkkA blfy, og fgekdrsa Hkh [kRegks x;haA nf{k.k Hkkjr esa ukfj;ksa dh n”kk dqN T;knk vPNh FkhA f”k{kk dk pyu Hkh vkSjrksaesa FkkA vkSj LFkkuh; Hkk’kk ds vykok vkSjrsa laLÑr Hkh i<+rh FkhaA ikusdj us fy[kk gS fd ^bltekus esa cgqr lh vkSjrsa “kk;jh djrh FkhA ftlesa pkSnoh lnh bloh esa xaxk nsoh uke dh ,dvkSjr us ^e/;okfots;e** uke dh ,d jtfe;ka uTe fy[kh gSA blds vykok fr: vkfy;cknsoh vkSj othth Hkh nf{k.k Hkkjr dh izfl) dfo=h gSaA**32

eqxfy;k nkSj dh izkjfEHkd yM+kbZ Hkh o.kZu djus ;ksX; gSA mlus gek;q¡ ukekfy[kk Fkk ftlesa ml tekus ds gkykr vkSj ckn’kkg dh ftUnxh dk o.kZu gSA uwjtgk¡ vkSj“kkgtgk¡ dh yM+dh tgk¡ vkjk Hkh dkQh egRo j[krh FkhA vkSjaxtsc dh yM+dh tscqYyfulkds uke ls ifjfpr gSaA og Qkjlh dh csgrjhu “kk;jk FkhA og lHkh mywe o Quwu ls fnypLihj[krh FkhA bUgha cqf)erk vkSj rckvkrh ds dkj.k ls ml tekus esa mlus gtkjksa fnyksa ijgdwer dhA iz”kklfud :i esa Hkh vkSjrksa us cM+s vge dkjukesa vatke fn;s gSa jksnk vEck] jft;klqYrkuk] pkan chch] rkjk HkkbZ] vfgY;k okbZ bR;kfn mu [okrhu esa gSa tks viuh ;ksX;rk dscyij vkSjrksa dh rkjh[k esa ,d laxsehy dh gSfl;r j[krh gSaA eqxfy;k ;qx esa ukfj;ksa us gkL;dyk vkSj nwljh dyk ,oa bZYe esa dkQh fnypLih yhA blds ckotwn dgk tkrk gS fdfgUnqLrku dh rjDdh esa vkSjrksa dh Hkkxhnkjh cgqr de gSA ;g nks’k lgh t:j gS ysfdu bldhftEesnkjh vkSjrksa ij ugha Fkksih tk ldrhA vkSjrksa ls T;knk fgUnqLrkuh lekt bldk T;knkftEesnkj gSaA Lo;a oSfnd ;qx esa ftlds fy;s dgk tkrk gS fd enksZa vkSj vkSjrksa ds e/; dksbZHksnHkko ugha Fkk ysfdu vEyh gSfl;r ls bl tekus esa Hkh vkSjrksa ij cU/ku utj vkrs gSaA ,slhikcfUn;ka ftUgsa lekth jLeksa vkSj /kkfeZd vfuok;Zrk dk :i ns fn;k x;k FkkA jLesa vkSjcU/ku lnSo ukjh dh izxfr esa :dkoV cuk jgkA nwljk dkj.k vkSjrksa dh vktknh ds ijkØeesa ihNs jg tk;sa ;k lekt ds fuekZ.k esa iwjh rjg Hkkxhnkjh u gks lds ;g Fkh vkSjrksa dh lHkhrjg ls foo”k djus okyh n”kk ftlesa vkSjrksa dh jkgsa lhfer gks x;h FkhaA ;g nq”kokjh fiNysdbZ lkS lky ls tkjh jgh gSaA cpiu dh “kknh] f”k{kk dh leL;k] l;klh vf/kdkjksa ls oafpr]

133



vkfFkZd :i esa vkSjrsa enksZa ij fuHkZj vkSj fo/kokvksa dh “kknh bR;kfn phtsa Fkha ftUgksaus vkSjrksadks ,slh dM+h ikcfUn;ksa esa dSn dj fn;k Fkk ftldk VqVuk vklku ugha FkkA lSdM+ksa lky dhteh gqbZ xnZ dks Qwaddj lkQ ugha fd;k tk ldrkA blh izdkj vkSjrksa dks Hkh bu lSadM+ksalky iqjkuh ikcfUn;ksa vkSj fjok;rksa dks nwj djus esa dkQh le; yxkA f”k{kk dh izxfrlq/kkj dk vkUnksyu vkSj m|ksfxd ifjorZu us turk esa csnkjh iSnk dh vkSj bUgha vkSjrksa dhvktknh vkSj muds vf/kdkj dk vglkl gSA nwljh rjQ vkSjrksa us Hkh ,df=r ,oa O;ofLFkr:i esa viuh dksf”k”ksa “kq: dhaA nsodkyhu esa vkSjrksa dh lekth vkSj lH; ftUnxh vkSj mudsgkykr dh rcnhyh vkSj mlds dkj.kksa ij jks”kuh Mkyrs gq, fy[kk gS fd%&

^^igyh lcls vge otg og lekth ,oa rgthch rCnhfy;ka gSaA luvrh badykcds flyflys otwn esa vk;sa mUgksaus [kkuxh ftUnxh esa vkSjr dh gSfl;r dks cny fn;kA nwljsmUuhloha lnh esa lkbZUl us ,slh rjfDd;ka dha fd ftlus u flQZ ;g fd balku ds eSnkus vEydks cM+h gn rd vkxs c<+k;k cfYd mlus vke utj;kr dks olvr Hkh nhA ,d ,slh [okfg”kiSnk dh ftlls reke elkbZy dk lkbZUlh vankt esa rtft;k fd;k tkus yxkA**33

m|ksxhdj.k ifjorZu vkSj mUuhloha lnh dh lkbZUlh izxfr;ksa cM+h gn ,dtUlh ftn dks de dj fn;k tks enksZa esa vkSjrksa ds fy;s ik;s tkrs FksA oSls vBkjgoha lnh dsvkf[kj rd dqN ,slh ?kVuk;sa bu ns”kksa esa utj vkrs gSa tks lH;rk ,oa ,drk ds dsUæksa esa fxustkrs gSaA ftlls vkSjr dh lekth n”kk vkSj ikfjokfjd egRo ij jks”kuh iM+rh gS fd mUgsa buizxfr”khy ns”kksa esa Hkh vknj o lEeku dh utj ls ugha ns[kk tkrkA vBkjgoha lnh ds vkf[kjrd vkSjrksa dks cspus dk fjokt vke FkkA vkt ge dnhe ns’kksa dh lH;rk ,oa n’kk ij vkifÙkdjrs gSa fd tekus esa vkSjr dh dksbZ gSfl;r ugha FkhA mUgsa ekj Mkyuk mudk vf/kdkj gksrkFkk vkSj og reke yksx ,srjktkr dk gnQ ys jgs gSa ysfdu ;g rkjh[kh izek.k bl ckr dkslkfcr djrs gSa fd dnhe vkSjr ;dhuu ,d gn rd vBkjgoha lnh vkSj mUuhloha lnh dhvkSjr ls csgrj FkhA blfy;s fd HksM+ cdfj;ksa dh rjg mudk dkjksckj ugha gksrk FkkA

Mary Wall Stone Craft - baxySUM dh igyh vkSjr ftlus lcls igys vkSjrds ckjs esa fy[kk vkSj mudh gennhZ esa vkokt mBkbZ mlus viuh vge fdrkc “Vindication

of Right of Women 1792 bZŒ esa fy[kk gSA blus yM+fd;ksa dh f”k{kk dks leL;k ij 1786 bZŒesa ,d fdrkc fy[kh bl rjg bl iwoZ dk vanktk gksrk gSA gkykr vkSjrksa ds fy;s lktxkjugha Fks vkSj mudh dksbZ rathe Hkh ugha FkhA ysfdu bu gdwd vkSj mudh vktknh dhtíkstgn ds flyflys esa fy[kk tkus yxk FkkA

fgUnqLrku esa Hkh nwljs ns’kksa ds izHkko ds vuqlkj ;g vkUnksyu “kq: gqbZ vkSj/khjs /khjs lekth jLeks&fjokt ,oa /kkfeZd cU/kuksa ds fojks/k vkSjrksa esa ,d d”ked”k tkfgj gqbZif”pe ds eqdkcys esa fgUnqLrkuh vkSjrksa dk lEcU/k /keZ ls gSA blfy, buesa u;s :tgkukr

134


MkW0 lkgc flag

dk iSnk gksuk ;k muds fy;s u;h ckrksa dk QkSjh rkSj ij dcwy djuk vklku dke ugha FkkAdSyk”k ukFk “kekZ us fy[kk gS fd%&

^^1854 bZŒ esa lj pkYlZ oqMl us vius e”kgwj [kr esa vkSjrksa dh rkyhe ij tksj fn;kgS ckn esa vk;Z lekt] czã lekt us rkyhe fuLok¡ dh vgfe;r ij tksj fn;k gSA 1866 bZŒesa vkSj 1886 bZŒ ds chp bZlkbZ fe’kufj;ksa us Hkh blesa enn nh bu vatqeuksa us vkSjrksa dh rjDdhvkSj vkfFkZd vktknh dh cqfu;kn MkyhA dqN fgUnqLrkuh vkSjrksa us Hkh vkSjrksa dh rjDdh esacgqr dke fd;sA buesa jkeckbZ] :dek okbZ] jekokbZ] jkukMs ds uke dkfcys ftØ gSaA

bZ”oj pan fo|k lkxj vkSj iwuk ds izksQslj dkjoS;s us fo/kok vkJe [kksys ikjfl;ksaus fofHkUu fdLe dh f”k{kk nsus esa lcls igys dne mBk;kA bafM;u us”kuy lks”ky dkaÝsalus vkSjrksa dh mUufr ds fy;s fofHkUu izdkj ds dke fd;sA**34

lj l;~;n us 1870 bZŒ ls rgthcqYb[kykd fudkyuk “kq: fd;k rkfd blds }kjkvke eqlyeku vkSjrksa vkSj enksZa rd f”k{kk dk egRo ,oa lH;rk dh dnjksa dks igpkuk tk ldsmUgksaus blds igys “kqekjs esa fy[kk gS%&

^^fgUnqLrkuh eqlyekuksa dks dkfey njts dh floykbZts”ku ;kfu rgthc vf[r;kjdjus ij jkfxc fd;k tk;s rkfd ftl gdkjr ls floykbZtM ;kfu etgc dkSesabu dks ns[krhgSaA og jQhg gks vkSj og nqfu;k esa ekStt vkSj eksgTtc dkSe dgyk;saA**35

lj l;~;n us rgthcqyb[ykd esa vkSjrksa dh rkyhe dljr vtnokt] jQkgs vkSjrbR;kfn fo’k;ksa ij dbZ ys[k fy[ks ljl;~;n rgjhd ds vlj ds rgr cgqr tYn ,d ekdwyvkSj jks”ku [;ky eqlyeku gYdk iSnk gks x;k ftlus vke rqlyekuksa dh rkyhe dslkFk&lkFk vkSjrksa dh rkyhe o bLykg ij Hkh [klwl;kr ds lkFk tksj fn;kA vyh xngh esa1904 bZŒ igyh vkSjrksa dh vk;ksftr gqbZ ftlds ckuh vCnqYyk lkgc FksA ftlesa vkSjrksa dhvktknh vkSj f”k{kk ds flyflys esa cgqr ls QSlys fd;s x;sA ml oä fgUnqLrku esa vfr;k]QSth] vkc: csxe] vkykch] feflt jft+;k vYykg] lbZn vgen csxe vkSj lqyrku csxe[kk;s Hkksiky tSlh rjDdh;k¶r [okrhu ekStwn FkhaA

1904 bZŒ esa vkSjrksa dh rkyhe dks rgjhd dks vkxs c<+kus ds fy;s [kkrwu ds uke ls,d fjlkyk tkjh fd;k x;k dqN le; ckn vyhx<+ esa vkSjrksa dh rkyhe ds fy, vCnqYyklkfgc us ckdk;nk Ldwy dk;e fd;k tks oSeal dh ‘kDy esa vkt Hkh ekStwn gS ftlds cknj¶rk j¶rk lkjs eqYd esa vkSjrksa dh rkyhe vke gksus yxhA

fgUnqLrku dh vktknh esa xks;k fd vkSjrsa “kjhd Fkha ysfdu vke rkSj ij og rekevkanksyuksa esa fgLlk ugha ys ldrh Fkha blfy;s fd ml oä rd ,slh txg mUgsa Hkstus esa,sgr;kr dh tkrh Fkh fd tgk¡ ij Hkstus ls fdlh rdyhQ dk vUns”kk gksA deyk nsoh usfy[kk gS fd%&

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^^igys xka/kh th us dqN lkspdj vkSjrksa dks vke rgjhd esa Hkkx ysus ds fy;s vkKkugha nh FkhA ysfdu tc ;g rgjhd cgqr foLrkj esa vk x;h rks mUgksaus igyh ckj dqN pqfuUnkvkSjrksa dks ued lR;kxzg esa Hkkx ysus dh vkKk ns nh ftlls fgUnqLrkuh ifjorZu dh “kq:vkrgqbZA ;g lR;kxzg 6 vizSy 1930 bZŒ dh lqcg dks “kq: gqbZ vkSj mlh fnu lwjt ds fNius dsoDr rd vke turk dk vkUnksyu cudj lkjs ns”k esa QSy x;hA**36

Hkkjrh; ukjh tks ges”kk ls pkjnhokjh ds vUnj dSn Fkh vkSj ftldh nqfu;k mlds?kj ds dejs ds vUnj lhfer Fkh mlus fgUnqLrku dh taxs vktknh dh d”ked”k esa fgLlk ysusds fy;s vpkud viuh bl lfn;ksa iqjkus insZ dks mrkj Qsadk egkRek xka/kh us fy[kk gS fd%&

^^taxs vktknh esa fgUnqLrkuh vkSjrksa us tks dke fd;k gSA og lqugjs “kCnksa esa fy[kktk;sxkA**37

bu reke vkSjrksa dks bl ckr dk ;dhu gks x;k Fkk fd mudh ftUnxh mudhvktknh vkSj mudh mUufr ,oa fodkl gdqer ds [kkRes esa gSA Hkkjrh; ukfj;ka bl d”ked”kesa enksZa ds lkFk dU/ks ls dU/kk feykdj u gksrha rks ;g vkUnksyu dks lQyrk laHko ugha FkhAvkSjrksa ds lsok ny dSai buds l;klh dkeksa dh Vªsfuax ds fy;s lkjs ns”k esa [kksys x;sA 1931bZŒ ds “kq: esa tc bafM;u us”kuy dkaxzsl dk tylk djkph esa gqvk rks mlesa vkSjrksa dks cgqrcscqfu;knh vkSj nLrqjh gdwd nsus dk ,syku fd;k x;kA bafM;u dkaxzsl ds ,syku ls fgUnqLrkuhvkSjrksa dh ftUnxh dk ,d u;k ckc “kq: gksrk gS vkSj [klwlh;r bldh ;g gS fd dqN vkSjvkSjrksa dh vktknh ds flyflys esa cgqr T;knk egRo j[krk gSA bafM;u us”kuy dkaxzsl ds,syku ukes esa dgk x;k Fkk fd%&

^^ftUl ds b[krykQ ij dksbZ r[klhl ugha cjrh tk;sxhA**

fgUnqLrkuh fopkjdksa us lcls iwoZ lekth ifjHkk”kkvksa ij fopkj fd;k vkSj mufopkjdksa vkSj lq/kkjokfn;ksa esa }kfjdk ukFk] jfoUæ ukFk VSxksj vkSj jktk jke eksgu jk; bR;kfncgqr T;knk egRo j[krs gSaA bu yksxksa us lrh dh balkfu;r lkst jLe dks rksM+us dh gj izdkjls dksf”k”k dh mUgksaus viuh rgjhjksa vkSj rdjhjksa ds }kjk yksxksa dks ;g le>k;k fd lrh dhjLe /kkfeZd detksjh gS ;g fjokt vke rkSj ij /kuh oxZ esa izpfyr FkkA

vkSjrksa dh lekth lq/kkjoknh ds flyflys esa bZ”ojpUn fo|klkxj vkSj muds nwljslkfFk;ksa us Hkh cgqr dksf”k”k dhA bu yksxksa us ljdkj dks bl ckr ij etcwj fd;k fd ogfo/kokvksa dh “kknh djus dk dkuwu cuk;s bu lq/kkjksa ls vkSjrksa esa tkx`fr iSnk gksxhA

Hkkjrh; LorU=rk vkUnksyu egkRek xk¡/kh dh vxqokbZ “kq: gqvk FkkA mlus /khjs&/khjs vkSjrksa dks izpfyr ikcfUn;ksa ls fudkyk vkSj iq:’kksa ds dU/ks ls dU/kk feykus ds fy, [kM+kfd;k bu ukfj;ksa esa izkjEHk esa dsoy ogh vkSjrsa Fkha tks mu cM+s usrkvksa ds ifjokjksa lslEcU/k j[krh FkhaA ysfdu mudk bl izdkj dh fØ;kdykiksa esa Hkkx ysuk gh cM+h ckr FkhA

136


MkW0 lkgc flag

ftls ns[kdj lHkh ukfj;ksa esa bl tíks tgn esa Hkkx ysus dh bZPNk mRiUu gqbZ vkSj og Hkh/khjs&/khjs blesa “kkfey gks x;ha MkŒ tQj glu us fy[kk gS%&

^^egkRek xka/kh dh d;knr esa 1920 bZ- tks vkUnksyu “kq: gqbZ FkhA mlesa lHkh izeq[kusrkvksa dh fj”rsnkjfu;k¡ Hkh “kkfey gqbZ FkhaA dLrqjck xk¡/kh] eksrh yky usg: dh iRuh vkSjmudh csfV;ka [kkldj fot; y{eh iafMr felt uk;Mw vkSj deyk nsoh vkSj muds vykokgtkjksa cgusa yk[kksa vkSjrsa vkSj yM+fd;ksa us ns”k ds fofHkUu fgLlksa ls jk’Vªh; vkUnksyu esa fgLlkfy;k] eqlhcrsa lgh] vkjke dqckZu fd;k ykfB;ka [kk;h Hkw[kh jgha tsy dh ltk Hkksxh vkSjgtkjksa us [kkeks”kh ds lkFk Hkkjr ekrk dh vktknh ds fy, dqckZuh nsus ij etcwj gq;haA**38

blls ;g izekf.kr gksrk gS fd fdlh izdkj nklrk dh tathjksa ds ca/ku esa ca/ks vkSj/kkfeZd izfrcU/kksa ds ckotwn ukfj;ksa us vius vf/kdkjksa ,oa vius ns”k dh vktknh ds fy, mulHkh izfrcU/kksa ls eqä gksdj lHkh izdkj :dkoVksa dks u’V djds vkxs ls vkxs c<+rh x;haA

Hkkjrh; ukjh dh bl cgknqjh vkSj cfynku dh Hkkouk ls izHkkfor gksdj egkRekxka/kh us 1932 bZ- esa isfjl ,oa LohtjyS.M esa ;g ckr dgh Fkh fd%&

^^eSa ;wjksi dh vkSjrksa dks ;g iSxke ns jgk gw¡ fd mUgsa fgUnqLrkuh vkSjrksa dh iSjoh djuhpkfg, tks iwoZ o’kZ esa tu vkUnksyu ds fy, mB [kM+h gq;ha vkSj eq>s iw.kZ fo”okl gS fd vxj;wjksi dh vkSjrsa vfgalk ls lcd ysa rks mUgsa ldwu vkSj “kkfUr izkIr gks ldrh gSA**39

xka/kh th us Hkkjrh; ukfj;ksa ds Lora=rk ,oa fodkl ds fy, cgqr vPNs dke fd;sAtkfgj gS fd u;s fgUnqLrku dk Hkfo’; fuekZ.k djus okys ogh Fks og bl ckr dks vPNh rjgle>rs FksA u;k fgUnqLrku ml oä rd dke;kc ,oa [kq”kgky ugha gks ldrk tc rd vkSjrksadh vktknh vkSj mlds vf/kdkjksa dks mUgsa ns fn;s tk,¡A mUgsa ,d ennxkj vkSj lkFkh dht:jr gS tks mudks ml va/ksjs dq,a ls fudky lds ftlesa mUgsa vc rd j[kk x;k gSA NksVhNksVh ckrksa ds ifj.kke cgqr vk”p;Ztud izkIr gq;s gSaA ^tSls 1931&32 ds lR;kxzg esa ukfj;ksaus fo”ks’kdj Hkkx fy;k vkSj mlds i’pkr Hkh og cM+h [kwch ds lkFk viuk dk;Z djrh jghagSaA vxjps muds chp esa fodkl dk dk;Z lgh :i esa ugha gqvkA blfy;s mudh ,d vPNhlaLFkk vkSj muesa laxfBr vkUnksyu dh vko’;drk gSA**40

Hkkjr esa 1935 bZŒ esa lekth vkSj fl;klh ifjHkk’kk;sa gqbZa ftuds vuqlkj ukjh dsvf/kdkjksa esa dqN vkSj o`f) gqbZaA 1925 bZŒ esa vkSjrksa dks oksV nsus dk vf/kdkj rks izkIr gks x;kFkkA 1936 bZŒ esa cgqr lh vkSjrsa vlSEcyh dh esEcj dh gSfl;r ls pquh x;ha vkSj muesa lsdqN ot+hj vkSj fMIVh bUlisDVj dh txg Hkh izkIr dha vc vkSjrksa dk lq/kkjoknh vkUnksyuT;knk rsth ds lkFk c<+rk tk jgk FkkA ,d rjQ bl ckr dk Hkh fo”okl gks x;k Fkk fdvc fgUnqLrku esa Hkh T;knk fnuksa rd fonsf”k;ksa dh lÙkk ugha py ldrhA vr% ,o 1935 bZ-ds u;s nLrwj us fgUnqLrkuh vkSjrksa dks vkSj Hkh T;knk vf/kdkj fn;s tks bl le; esa vkSjrksa

137



us enksZa ds cjkcj vf/kdkj ikus dh ekax Hkh dh FkhA ,d [kkl ,DV ikfjr gqvk ftls Hindu

Women’s Right to Property Act dgk tkrk gSA bl ,DV ds vuqlkj vkSjrsa dqN vkfFkZdvf/kdkj Hkh fey x;s vkSj vkSjr dks ifr dh tk;nkn esa fgLls esa bldk fgLlk t:jh djkjfn;k x;kA

egkRek xka/kh us viuh O;k[;kuksa vkSj ys[kksa ds tfj;s fgUnqLrku ds iq#’kksa ls bl ckrdh izkFkZuk dh fd og ukjh xqyke le>us ds ctk;s nksLr lkFkh vkSj gennZ le>sa vkSj mlsleku vf/kdkj nsa rkfd mudh tguh vkSj fnekxh dqOorsa lkeus yk;sa vkSj ns”k dh mUufr dhjkg esa iq:’kksa ds lkFk lkFk gksaA

gekjs dfo;ksa vkSj larksa] lfQ;ksa us ges”kk vkSjrksa dh rkjhQ dh gSA tSlk fd ,d txgLokeh foosdkuan th us dgk gS fd%&

^^oks eqYd vkSj oks dkSe dHkh cqjkbZ vkSj vPNkbZ dh esjkt dks ugha ik ldrh tksvkSjrksa dh bTtr ugha djrhA vkSjrksa dks rks Hkwr esa lEeku feyk vkSj ;g Hkfo”; esa feysxkAvkt&dy rqEgkjh uLyksa ds iru gksus dk dkj.k lcls cM+h otg gS fd rqe esa ^^bu ftUnkdqOorksa** (Living Images of Shakti) ds fy;s bTtr ugha jg x;h gSA**41

fL=;ksa dh bl vk/kqfud ;qx esa d”ked”k ds vuqlkj Hkkjrh; ukfj;ksa esa vuqieifjorZu gqbZaA ukfj;ksa us “kSf{kd vkUnksyu esa Hkkx fy;kA Lo;a mPp f”k{kk izkIr djus ds cknvnch {ks=ksa esa “kksgjr iSnk dh vkSj vius Qu ikjksa ls vnc esa vueksy o`f) dh gSA f”k{kk dk;g vkUnksyu pw¡fd caxky ls “kq: gqvk FkkA bl caxkyh lkfgR; esa vkSjrksa dh Hkkxhnkjhfn[kk;h nsrh gSA jfoUæ ukFk VSxksj dh cgq lksj.k dqekjh nsoh caxky dh igyh ukfoyfuxkj[kkrwu gSaA laf{kIr dgkfu;ksa] vQlkuksa vkSj ukfoy fuxkjh esa vk”kk yrk] vk”kkiwjh nsoh vkSjySyk etqenkj bR;kfn dks Hkh caxkyh vnc esa dkQh egRo izkIr gqvk gSA fgUnh Hkk’kk ls Hkhcgqr lh ukfj;ka vnhcksa vkSj “kk;jksa dks mRiUu fd;k fgUnh esa vkseorh nsoh] Å’kk nsoh] Ñ’.kklkgk] lrorh efyd vkSj egknsoh oekZ ds uke dkQh egRoiw.kZ gSaA fgUnqLrkuh Hkk’kkvksa esa mnZwdk dkQh egRo jgk gS vkSj mnZw us fgUnqLrku dh taxs vktknh dh tnks tgn ls Hkjk nkSj FkkAmnZw ds csgrjhu vnhcksa] “kk;jkr esa cgqr lh vkSjrksa ds uke fn[kk;h nsrs gSaA ftUgksaus fofHkUux| o i| fo/kkvksa esa dke;kc jpuk;sa is”k dh gSaA mnZw ukfoy fuxkjh vkSj vQlkuk fuxkjhds flyflys esa uthj gSnj] fgtkc bfEr;kt vyh] MkŒ j”khn tgk¡] bLer pqxrkbZ] dqrZqYy,sugSnj] lkYgk vkfcn gqlSu] jft;k lTtkn tghj] eqerkt “khjha] gktjk el:j] [knhtk eLrwjbR;kfn ds uke gekjh vnch rkjh[k dk egRoiw.kZ Hkkx gSaA mnZw “kk;jksa dh lkj.kh esa cgqr lhvkSjrksa ds uke fn[kk;h nsrs gSaA ;g bfÙkQkd gS fd dksbZ bruh izfl)h izkIr ugha dj ik;ktks iq:’kksa dks izkIr gq;haA ysfdu blds ckotwn mudh vnch tTckr ls badkj ugha fd;k tkldrkA “kk;n bldk dkj.k inkZ jgk gksxk ;k vkSjr gksus dh etcwjh gks ;k gqLu dh otg

138


MkW0 lkgc flag

ls u rks og vke enZ ‘kkS;jk ls ?kqy fey ldrh Fkha vkSj u gh eq”kk;jksa esa “kjhd gks ldrhFkhaA ysfdu blds ckotwn budh lkfgfR;d lsok ls badkj ugha fd;k tk ldrkA nfdu pw¡fdmnZw ‘kk;jh dk igyk dsUæ jgk blfy;s ;gk¡ dnhe tekus ls vkSjrsa dfo;ksa dh vPNh [kklhla[;k gSA MkŒ ulh#íhu gk”keh us fy[kk gS fd ^^mnZw dh igyh lkfgcs nhoku [kkrwu ‘kk;jyqRQqYywfulk bfEr;kt FkhaA budh ijofj’k ‘kkgh [kkunku esa gqbZ budk r[yql ekfycu yqRQFkkA ckn esa bfEr;kt gqvkA 36 lky dh mez esa 1212 bZ- esa budk nhoku izdkf”kr gqvkA**42

bl izdkj /khjs&/khjs vkSjrsa ftUnxh ds gj {ks= esa fn[kk;h nsus yxha vkSj cgqr cM+hlhek rd fyax fojks/k dk cVokjs dk rjhdk [kRe gks x;kA vktdy if”peh ns”kksa dh rjggekjs ns”k esa Hkh dksbZ Hkh {ks= vkSj dksbZ Hkh is”kk ,slk ugha feysxk ftlesa flQZ ftUlfojks/kh vk/kkj ij vkSjrksa dks ysus ls euk dj fn;k tk;sA if”peh ns”kksa esa vkSjrsa m|ksx/kU/ks] n¶rjksa vkSj gj izdkj ds dkeksa ij Nk;h gqbZ gSaA gekjs ns’k esa dqN nq”okfj;ka Fkha f”k{kkdh lgqyrsa de gksus ds dkj.k vHkh Hkh dqN [kkeh gSa ysfdu fQj Hkh gj {ks= esa viuh ;ksX;rkvksadks izekf.kr dj jgh gSaA vktknh ds ckn vkSj rsth ls o`f) gks jgh gS vkSj gj dk;Z dks cM+hdq”kyrkiwoZd djds] fo”ks’k izHkko izLrqr djrh gSaA

lanHkZ xzaFk&lanHkZ xzaFk&lanHkZ xzaFk&lanHkZ xzaFk&lanHkZ xzaFk&1 fj;klr & vQykrwu vuqoknd MkŒ gqlSu glu 276 i`Œ izFke ,Mhlu

2 fj;klr & vQykrwu & vuqoknd MkŒ glSu glu & igyk ,Mhlu i`Œ 277

3 fj;klr & vQykrwu & vuqoknd MkŒ glSu glu & igyk ,Mhlu i`Œ 289

4 ^^fj;klr** vQykrwu vuqoknd MkŒ gqlSu i`Œ 289

5 VªkbZyl bu lkÅFk vÝhdk & cgokyk fu;kt Qrsgiqjh xgokjk ren~nqu & i`Œ 44

6 gennZ lsgr vkSjr uEcj 1937 bZŒ i`Œ 176

7 xgokjk ren~nqu & fu;kt Qrsgiqjh & nwljk ,Mhlu i`Œ 1018 R.K. Phukarja : Women of India “ Page - 1

9 Prof. Indra – The Status of Women in Ancients India Page 3

10 R.K. Mukarji “Women of India” Page 2-3

11 Hkkjrh; lekt vkSj laLÑr & ys[kd & dSyk”k ukFk “kekZ “kkL=h i`Œ 204

12 is”k y¶t xgokjk ren~nqu & fu;kt Qrsgiwjh & i`Œ 27

13 Prof – Indra “States of Women in Ancient India Page 13

14 Hkkjrh; laLÑfr ,oa lekt & dSyk”k ukFk “kekZ & i`Œ 204

15 Hkkjrh; lekt ,oa laLÑfr & dSyk”k ukFk “kekZ “kkL=h & i`Œ 20516 Prof Indra The status of women in Ancient India – Pg - 7

17 Prof Indra The status of women in Ancient India – Pg - 15

18 Prof Indra The status of women in Ancient India – Pg - 15

139



19 Hkkjrh; lekt vkSj laLÑfr & dSyk”k ukFk “kekZ & i`Œ 15920 R.K. Mukharji, Women of India – Pg 8

21 Vijay Lakshmi Pandit, “Introduction, The status of women ancient of India pg

23

22 J.L. Davies, A Short History of Women Pg – 15.

23 xgokjk renqu & fu;kt Qrsgiwjh & i`Œ 245

24 J.L. Davies, A Short History of Women Pg 20

25 dk brZdk & dyheqYyk i`Œ 121&122

26 fgUnqLrkuh lekft;kr & MkŒ tkQj gqlSu & i‘Œ 6327 M. Kurshfeld, “Women East And West Pg - 167

28 M. Kurshfeld, “Women East And West Pg - 160

29 M. Kurshfeld, “Women East And West Pg - 161

30 lekt dk brZdk & dyheqYyk & i`Œ 12631 M. Hursh feld, “Woman East And West Pg 150-151

32 M. Hurrti feld, “Women of India” Page 10

33 Vislakiwin “The Faminer Character Pg 6

34 Hkkjrh; lekt vkSj laLÑr & dSyk”k ukFk “kekZ & i`Œ 211

35 Hkkjrh; lekt vkSj laLÑr& dSyk”k ukFk “kekZ & i`Œ 211

36 deyk nsoh pVksmik/;k; oqeSu vkWQ bafM;k & }kjk rkjk vyh osx & i`Œ 18

37 oqeSu vkQ bafM;k & i`Œ 19

38 fgUnqLrkuh lekt;kr & MkŒ tkQj glu] i`Œ 14739 Amnikaur Preface women & Social Injustice by M K Gandhi

40 Amnikaur Preface women & Social Injustice by M K Gandhi

41 M. K. Gandhi : Women and

42 M. K. Gandhi and Social Injustice Pg 11-12

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