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INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO NACIONAL

ESCUELA SUPERIOR DE INGENIERÍAQUÍMICA E INDUSTRIAS EXTRACTIVAS

LABORATORIO DE INSTRUMENTACIÓN Y CONTROL

Practica no ! " #

$TRANSMISORES " RECEPTORES%

PROFESORA: CONCEPCIÓN SOBERANES

ALUMNOS:

KARINA

GARCIA VALLES EZEQUIEL DAVID

 MORALES MARTÍNEZ DAVID ALFREDO

OCAMPO SALAS MAURICIO

PACHECO RUIZ DAVID

PALOMARES MEDINA LUIS FERNANDO

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GRUPO: 5IV56

FECHA DE ENTREGA: -ene!-"#$5

¿QUÉ ES UN TRANSMISOR?

Un %&n'()'! e' *& )n%e+&,e en%e e* !,e'! . e* ')'%e(& /e ,!n%!*0 E*%&1&2! e' ,!n3e%) 4n& 'e&* /e en%&/& ()*) 3!*%)!'7 (!3)()en%! (e,8n),!7e')9n /)+een,)&*7 en%e !%!' en 4n& 'e&* /e ,!n%!*0

E* %&n'()'! %)ene ,!(! +4n,)9n ,!/);,& 'e&*e' !%)(&'7 (e,8n),&' !e*<,%),&'7 &(*);,&*&' . e()%)*&' ,!(! !n/&' e*e,%!(&=n<%),&' & %&3<'/e 4n& &n%en& ! ! (e/)!' /e ,!n/4,,)9n7 ! e2e(*!7 e(&*(e' /e ,&1*e'& 4n& '&*& /e ,!n%!*0

E>)'%en /)3e'!' %)!' /e %&n'()'!e'7 en%e e**!' 'e /e'%&,&n *!' %&n'()'!e'ne4(8%),!'7 e*e,%9n),!' . /)=)%&*e'0

TIPOS DE TRANSMISORES

Tran&'i&or n()'*tico: E'%8 en,&=&/! /e %&n'()%) *!' ,&(1)!' /e *&'3&)&1*e' en e* !,e'!7 4%)*)?&n/! ,!(! (e/)! /e ,!(4n),&,)9n e* &)e,!()()/!0 S4' ,!(!nen%e' 18'),!' '!n: e*e(en%! /e (e/),)9n7 1&& /e=&(& &n=!7 ')'%e(& %!1e& !1%4&/!7 e3e*&/! 38*34*& )*!%! e*e(en%!/e e%!&*)(en%&,)9n0

Tran&'i&or (+(ctr,nico: De%e,%& *!' ,&(1)!' en *& 3&)&1*e . en3@& 4n& 'e&*e*<,%),& -"# (A 9 $#-5# (A !!,)!n&* & *!' ,&(1)!' /e *& 3&)&1*e & 4n

)n'%4(en%! e,e%!0 '%e & /)+een,)& /e* %&n'()'! ne4(8%),!7 %)ene 4n&%&2e%& e*e,%9n),& &,)en/! 4e '4 !,e'! /e ,&*)1&,)9n 'e& (en!'en=!!'!7 &/e(8' 'e 4e/e e&*)?& en e* 8e& /e !e&,)9n0 L!'%&n'()'!e' e*e,%9n),!' =ene&n 3&)!' %)!' /e 'e&*e' e*<,%),&' /e,!)en%e ,!n%)n4& . 'e&*e' /)=)%&*e'0 En%e *&' )(e&'7 *&' (8' e(*e&/&''!n -"# (A . #-"# (A . en &ne* $ & 5 V0 L& 'e&* e*e,%9n),& /e & "# (A%)ene 4n n)3e* '4;,)en%e . /e ,!(!()'! en%e *& /)'%&n,)& /e %&n'()')9n . *&!14'%e? /e* e4)!0 A* 'e ,!n%)n4& . n! &*%en&7 e*)()n& *& !')1)*)/&/ /e,&%& e%41&,)!ne'7 e'%8 *)1e /e ,!)en%e' &8')%&'7 e(*e& '9*! /!' )*!'4e n! e,)'&n 1*)n/&2e . e()%e &,%4& /)e,%&(en%e '!1e

()*)&(e@(e%!'7 !%en,)9(e%!'7 ,&*,4*&/!e' &n&*9=),!'7 e%,0 ')n ne,e')/&//e 4%)*)?& e,%);,&/!e' n) (!/);,& *& 'e&*0 E* ,e! 3)3! ,!n e* 4e e()e?&*& 'e&* (A !+e,e *&' 3en%&2&' /e !/e /e%e,%& 4n& &3e@& ! ,!%e /e4n )*! *& 'e&* 'e &n4*& . /e e()%) e* /)+een,)& %!/&3@& (8' e* 4)/! /e*& %&n'()')9n ,4&n/! *& 3&)&1*e e'%8 en '4 n)3e* (8' 1&2!0

L!' %&n'()'!e' e*e,%9n),!' 'e 4e/en ,&%&*!=& en &n&*9=),!' . /)=)%&*e'0L!' )(e!' 1&'&/!' en e* 4'! /e &(*);,&/!e' !e&,)!n&*e' OPAMP . *!'

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'e=4n/!' en (),!!,e'&/!e'0 L!' %&n'()'!e' &n&*9=),!' e'%8n !.8,%),&(en%e en /e'4'! . /e1)/! & '4 ,!n'%)%4,)9n (e,8n),&7 e'en%&n 4n&24'%e /e* ,e! . /e* &*,&n,e '&n ,!(*),&/! . 4n& &*%& 'en')1)*)/&/ &3)1&,)!ne'0

Tran&'i&or -i.r*)+ico: In'%4(en%! 4e ,&%& e* ,!(!%&()en%! /e 4n4)/! . *! %&'()%e0 E'%!' %&n'()'!e' 'e 4%)*)?&n !,&')!n&*(en%e ,4&n/! 'ee4)ee /e =&n !%en,)&0

Tran&'i&or .i/ita+: E' 4n )n'%4(en%! 4e /)'!ne /e 4n (),!!,e'&/!&& &,!n/),)!n& *& 'e&* /e '&*)/& /e* 'en'! . %&n'()%)*& /e +!(& /)=)%&*0

FUNCIONAMIENTO

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TRANSMISOR NEUM0TICO DE DI1ERENCIAL DE PRESIÓN2 L& ,8'4*& /e/)&+&=(& =e(e*! e' e* 'en'! ,!n 4e 'e /e%e,%& *& /)+een,)& /e e')9nen%e e* *&/! /e &*%& . e* *&/! /e 1&2& e')9n0 E* /)&+&=(& 'e 4ne & 4n& 1&&/e +4e?& (e/)&n%e 4n& ,!ne>)9n e>)1*e *& 1&& /e +4e?& 'e ,!ne,%& &*,4e! /e* %&n'()'! (e/)&n%e 4n /)&+&=(& /e &,e! )n!>)/&1*e7 e* ,4&* ')3e,!(! 'e**! /e *& ,&3)/&/ /e (e/),)9n . %&(1)<n ,!(! 4n &!.! ;(e && *&1&& /e +4e?&0 L& &%e '4e)! /e *& 1&& /e +4e?& 'e ,!ne,%& & *& 1&& /e

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&n=! (e/)&n%e 4n& %)& /e e>)9n *& 1&& /e &n=! 'e &!.& en *& !/&2& /e&n=!0 En *& &%e )n+e)! /e *& 1&& /e &n=! 'e en,4en%& 4n /)&+&=(& /ee%!&*)(en%&,)9n . 4n &24'%e & ,e!0 A)1& /e *& 1&& /e &n=! 'e en,4en%&4n &e=*! /e (&)!'&-1!4)**& . 4n e*e3&/! ne4(8%),! .7 ,!(! 'e !1'e3&7*& (&)!'& 'e ,!ne,%& & *& ,!(1)n&,)9n /e 1&& /e +4e?& . 1&& /e &n=!0

C4&n/! en *& ,8'4*& /e* /)&+&=(& 'e /e%e,%& 4n& /)+een,)& /e e')9n7 'e,e& 4n& %en')9n ! +4e?& en *& &%e )n+e)! /e *& 1&& /e +4e?& (8'e'e,@;,&(en%e7 'e 4e/e '4!ne 4e *& e')9n en *& &%e '4e)! 'e)n,e(en%&7 ,!n *! 4e 'e ,e& 4n& +4e?& 4e %)& /e *& 1&& /e +4e?&7 /e *!,4&* e'4*%& 4n (!3)()en%! en e* e>%e(! e>%en! /e *& 1&&7 ,!n *! 4e *&(&)!'& 'e &,e,& & *& 1!4)**&7 en ,4.! ,&'! 'e )n,e(en%& *& '&*)/& /e*e*e3&/! . ,!n e**! 'e )n,e(en%& *& +4e?& 4e 'e e2e,e '!1e *& 1&& /e&n=! (e/)&n%e e* /)&+&=(& /e e%!&*)(en%&,)9n0 C!n e'%& +4e?& 'e1&*&n,e& *& +4e?& /e* /)+een,)&* /e e')9n e'en%e en *& ,8'4*& /e/)&+&=(& /e* 1&*&n,e /e e'%&' +4e?&' e'4*%& *& 'e&* /e '&*)/& /e*%&n'()'!7 *& ,4&* e' !!,)!n&* & *& /)+een,)& /e e')9n0 E* '4()n)'%! /ee')9n 4e 'e e,!()en/& && *& (&.!@& /e *!' )n'%4(en%!' ne4(8%),!' e'en%e "# . "5 ')=7 .& 4e ,!n <'%e 'e &'e=4& e* +4n,)!n&()en%! &/e,4&/!,!n 4n n)3e* /e '&*)/& /e $5 ')=0 P&& ,&*)1& e'%!' )n'%4(en%!' 'e e4)ee&24'%& e* ,e! . *& e',&*& ! &n=! en e* )n'%4(en%! /e *& ;=4& C-"5 e'%! 'e&,e (e/)&n%e 4n %!n)**! e>%en! /e &24'%e & ,e! . ,!n *& !/&2& /e &n=!0

TRANSMISOR ELECTRÓNICO2 En *& ;=4& C-"6 'e (4e'%& e* /)&=&(&')(*);,&/! /e 4n %&n'()'! e*e,%9n),! /e /)+een,)&* /e e')6n# /e* %)!(!3)()en%!-1&*&n,e . 'e 4%)*)?&& && )*4'%& *!' )n,))!'  /e %&1&2! /e *&)n'%4(en%&,)9n e*e,%9n),& %@),&0  C!n 4n )n,e(en%! en e* /)+een,)&* /e

e')9n 'e &,,)!n&n *!' /)&+&=(&' /e* e*e(en%! /e (e/),)9n . 'e /e'&!**&4n& +4e?& ,!n *& 4e 'e (4e3e *& &%e )n+e)! /e *& 1&& /e +4e?& &,)& *&)?4)e/&0 E'%e (!3)()en%! 'e %&n';ee & *& 4n)/&/ /e (e/),)9n /e  *& +4e?&/e /e+!(&,)9n & %&3<' /e 4n &*&(1e /e ,!ne>)9n en *& 4n)/&/ /e  (e/),)9n/e *& +4e?& /e /e+!(&,)9n 'e %)enen ,4&%! (e/)/!e' /e +4e?& 4e 'e,!ne,%&n en ,!n;=4&,)9n 4en%e ,!n e* (!3)()en%! /e *& 1&& /e +4e?& 'e,&4'& 4n ,&(1)! /e e')'%en,)& en *!' (e/)/!e' /e +4e?&7 (e/)&n%e e* ,4&*'e !/4,e 4n& 'e&* /)+een,)&*  !!,)!n&* &* /)+een,)&* /e e')9n 4een%&7 ()'(& 4e 'e &*),& & *&' en%&/&' /e* &(*);,&/! /e en%&/& 4n *&/!/e *& 'e&* 'e &*),& /)e,%&(en%e & *& en%&/& /e* &(*);,&/! ,!n )n3e')9n7. e* !%! & *& en%&/& ')n )n3e')9n7 & %&3<' /e 4n& e/ /e  ,e!7 ,!n *& ,4&* 'e

!1%)ene e* &24'%e & ,e! /e* %&n'()'!0

C!n *& 'e&* 4e '&*e /e* &(*);,&/! /e en%&/& 'e (&ne2& &* e=4*&/! /e,!)en%e /e '&*)/&7 ! (e/)! /e* ,4&* 'e ,!n%!*& *& ,!)en%e /e '&*)/& /e*%&n'()'! & %&3<' /e *& e/ /e e',&*& . e* ,),4)%! 'en'! /e ,!)en%e /e'&*)/&0 C!n *& e/ /e e',&*& 'e !1%)ene e* &24'%e /e e',&*& /e* %&n'()'! *&'e&* /e e'%& e/ 'e e%!&*)(en%& &* ,),4)%! /e en%&/& (e/)&n%e 4n&(*);,&/! ,!n &*(&,en&()en%! 14e . 'e 4%)*)?& && ,!n%!*& *&

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=&n&n,)& /e* ,),4)%! /e en%&/&0 S) *& ,!)en%e /e '&*)/& /e* %&n'()'! 'e)n,e(en%& (8' &**8 /e "# (A C0D07 e* 3!*%&2e 4e &'& & %&3<' /e *&e')'%en,)& /e /e%e,,)9n /e ,!)en%e &,%)3& e* *)()%&/! /e ,!)en%e /e '&*)/&7,!n e* ,4&* 'e *)()%& *& '&*)/&0

 APLICACIONES EN LA INDUSTRIA.

E>)'%en 3&)&' &*),&,)!ne' %@),&' /e )n'%4(en%!' en *!' !,e'!' )n/4'%)&*e'0A*=4n&' /e *&' !e&,)!ne' /e !,e'! 4e &.4/& & ,!n%!*& 4n %&n'()'!,!n (&.! +e,4en,)& '!n:

Ca+.(ra .( 3a4or: Se ,&&,%e)?& ! 4n& ,&&,)/&/ n!()n&* /e !/4,,)9n/e 3&! en %!ne*&/&'J!& & 4n& e')9n e'e,);,&/& . ,!n 4n& ,&&,)/&/&/),)!n&* /e ,&4/&* en 4n%&' /e ,!n'4(! /e *& +81),&0

S(ca.or(& " (3a4ora.or(&: T)enen ! !12e%! !1%ene e* !/4,%! '9*)/! ,!n!,& 4(e/&/ . ,!n,en%& e* !/4,%! en +!(& *@4)/& &* e3&!& e* &=4&e'e,%)3&(en%e0

5orno t6n(+: Se e&*)?&n !,e'!' /e ,!,,)9n 1&'&/! en e* (&n%en)()en%! /e4n& ,43& /e ,!,,)9n 4e e'%&1*e,e 4n !=&(& e,)'! /e %e(e&%4&/)'%)14)/& /e &,4e/! ,!n *&' %e' ?!n&' %@),&' /e* !n! e,&*en%&()en%!7,!,,)9n . en+)&()en%! . e* %&n'!%e /e *& ,&=& & 4n& 3e*!,)/&//e%e()n&/&0

Co+)'na& .( .(&ti+aci,n: C!n')'%e en 'e&& en +!(& ,!n%)n4& 4n& (e?,*&! /)+een,)& /e ,!(!'),)9n en%e 4n *@4)/! . '4 3&!0

Int(rca'7ia.or(& .( ca+or: U%)*)?&/! en *& =&n (&.!@& /e *!' !,e'!')n/4'%)&*e' %&*e' ,!(! e,&*en%&()en%!7 &'%e4)?&,)9n7 e'%e)*)?&,)9n .e+)=e&,)9n en%e !%&'0

 TIPO DE TRANSMISOR FUNCION FIGURATran&'i&or(& .(

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Tran&'i&or(& .( 9):o'*&ico 4ara /a&(&

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TIPOS DE ERRORES EN LOS TRANSMISORES.

Error .( a:)&t( c(ro2 L&' *e,%4&' e'%8n /e'*&?&/&' &,)& 4n ()'(! 3&*!,!n e*&,)9n & *& e,%& ee'en%&%)3& /e* )n'%4(en%! e* /e'*&?&()en%! 4e/e'e ne=&%)3! ! !')%)3!0 E* 4n%! /e &%)/& ! /e 1&'e /e *& e,%& ee'en%&%)3&,&(1)& ')n 4e 3&ee *& )n,*)n&,)9n ! *& +!(& /e *& ,43&0

Error .( an/)+ari.a.2 L& ,43& e&* ,!n *!' 4n%!' # . $## /e *& e,%&ee'en%&%)3&7 e! 'e &&%& /e *&' ()'(&' en *!' e'%&n%e'0 E* (8>)(! /e *&

/e'3)&,)9n '4e*e e'%& & *& ()%&/ /e *& e',&*&0 L!' )n'%4(en%!' 4e/en&24'%&'e && ,!e=) e'%!' %)!' /e e!e'7 &*=4n!' ! '4' )n'%4(en%!' !'4 %)! /e ,!n'%4,,)9n7 n! 4e/en %ene e! /e &n=4*&)/&/0

Error .( ')+ti4+icaci,n2  T!/&' *&' *e,%4&' &4(en%&n ! /)'()n4.en!=e')3&(en%e ,!n *& e*&,)9n & *& e,%& ee'en%&%)3&7 e* 4n%! 1&'e n!,&(1)& . *& /e'3)&,)9n !=e')3& 4e/e 'e !')%)3& ! ne=&%)3&0

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CÓMO CALIBRAR UN TRANSMISOR

<= C-(>)(o " A:)&t(& Pr(+i'inar(&2 O1'e3& e* e'%&/!  +@'),! /e* e4)!7/e'=&'%e /e )e?&'7 *)()e?& . e'4e'%& /e* e4)!0 De%e()ne *!' e!e' /e

)n/),&,)9n /e* e4)! ,!(&&/! ,!n 4n &%9n &/e,4&/! 'e=n e* &n=! . *&e,)')9n0  L*e3& &24'%e' /e ,e!7 (4*%)*),&,)9n7 &n=4*&)/&/ . !%!'&/),)!n&*e' & *!' (8=ene' e,!(en/&/!' && e* !,e'! ! 4e e()%& '4&24'%e en &(1&' /)e,,)!ne' n! en e>%e(!'0

 != A:)&t( .( c(ro2 C!*!,& *& 3&)&1*e en 4n 3&*! 1&2! /e ,e! & $# /e*&n=! ! en *& )(e& /)3)')9n ee'en%&%)3& & e>,e,)9n /e *!' e4)!' 4e%)enen '4e')9n /e ,e! ! ,e! 3)3!7 && e**! 'e /e1e ')(4*& *& 3&)&1*e ,!n4n (e,&n)'(! &/e,4&/!7 'e=n &n=! . e,)')9n *! ()'(! 4e 4n &%9n&/e,4&/!0  S) e* )n'%4(en%! 4e 'e e'%8 ,&*)1&n/! n! )n/),& e* 3&*! ;2&/!&n%e)!(en%e7 'e /e1e &24'%& /e* (e,&n)'(! /e ,e! 4n 4n%e!7 4n e'!%e7e9'%&%!7 %!n)**! (),!(<%),!7 e%,00 S) e* e4)! %)ene &24'%e' &/),)!n&*e' ,!n,e! 3&)&1*e7 ,!n e*e3&,)!ne' ! '4e')!ne' 'e /e1e &,e /e'4<' /e* 4n%!&n%e)! /e &24'%e /e ,e!0

#= A:)&t( .( ')+ti4+icaci,n2 C!*!,& *& 3&)&1*e en 4n 3&*! &*%! /e* # &*$##0 S) e* )n'%4(en%! n! )n/),& e* 3&*! ;2&/!7 'e /e1e &24'%& e* (e,&n)'(!/e (4*%)*),&,)9n ! '&n 4n 1&?!7 &*&n,&7 e9'%&%! ! =&n&n,)&0

?= R(4(tir +o& .o& 6+ti'o& 4a&o& -a&ta o7t(n(r +a ca+i7raci,n corr(cta4ara +o& 3a+or(& a+to " 7a:o

@= A:)&t( .( an/)+ari.a.2 C!*!,& *& 3&)&1*e &* 5# /e* '&n0  S) e*)n,e(en%! n! )n/),& e* 3&*! /e* 5# &24'%& e* (e,&n)'(! /e &n=4*&)/&/'e=n e* e4)!0

= R(4(tir +o& .o& 6+ti'o& 4a&o& ? " @ -a&ta o7t(n(r +a ca+i7raci,ncorr(cta8 (n +o& tr(& 4)nto&

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 TABLAS DE DATOS EPERIMENTALES

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  TABLAS DE RESULTADOS

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