Teknik Presentation Sec B(Guru1)

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    Daripada:- ikgu ZanizaH

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    Kesilapan umum calon

    UPSR :-

    1.Tak guna maklumatyang diberi.

    2.Tak boleh bezakan istilahKPS .

    3.Jawapan umum , kabur dantidak berkaitan fakta atau

    prinsip sains.

    4.Tak jawab ikut kehendak utamasoalan .

    5.Kesilapan ejaan atau tulisan

    yang sukar dibaca .

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    SKILL THAT WILBE TESTED

    OBSERVATION

    INFERENSCONSLUSION

    RELATIONSHIP

    AIM/PURPOSE

    CONSTANT

    VARIABLE

    (CV)

    HYPOTESIS

    PREDICT

    TREND

    MANIPULATEDVARIABLE

    (MV)

    RESPONSIBLE

    VARIABLE

    (RV)

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    OBSERVATION

    What can you see , touch ,

    smell, taste and feel

    ANDDont state your reason

    KeyWordLook the result , state,

    compare

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    Observation

    State one observation based on the table above

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    Percentage of housing area is ..

    The diagram below shows the percentage of housing area and forest area

    in a certain district

    increase

    Compared with forest area

    State one observation based on the table below.

    Year

    Percentage of area (%)

    Housing

    Forest

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    observation

    State one observation from figure 1

    [ l ist the dif ferent @ What to observed @

    respond ing var iable ]

    observation

    Figure 1A

    B

    The number of leaves in plant A is morethan plant BObservation = what to observe

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    Other Observation/

    Another Logical Answer

    1) Diameter of stem A is bigger than plant B.

    2) Size of plant A is bigger than plant B.

    3. The size of leaf of plant A is bigger than

    plant B

    A

    BA

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    observation

    State one observationfor figure B

    [ what is going on? @ Respond ing var iable ]

    observation

    The lizard cut of its tail

    Figure B

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    Make an observation

    State one observationafter one week

    [ What is the changes @ Respond ing var iable ]

    [ What is the changes @ Respond ing var iables ]

    i. Plant A : live

    ii. Plant B : wilted and will die

    Uncoated

    leaves Coated withgrease

    observation

    Observation is Responding variablePlant A stay alive, plant B wilt and willdie

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    Make an observation

    Write one observationfor figure 2

    [ What is the changes @ Respond ing var iable]

    observation

    Rubber tree abort its leaves in dry season

    Figure 2

    January Mac

    ( dry season)

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    OBSERVATION

    State one observation for figure 3

    [ What is the changes @ Respond ing var iable ]

    observation

    The level of water is getting

    higher

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    Inference

    Explanation based on your OBSERVATION

    Give your reason

    WHY( based on the result)

    KeyWordState the result,WHYand

    com are

    What to changed + TREND

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    Cara tulis jawapan Inferens

    Cara 1 :- BECAUSEbecause

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    Cara tulis jawapan Inferens :-

    Cara 2 :-

    OBSERVATIONBECAUSE

    The lizard cut off itstail because its .

    ..

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    Observation :A Bi) Boy A is fat than boy Bii) Boy B is thin than boy A

    Inference :

    ii) Because boy A get more food than

    boy B

    i) Because boy B did not get enough foodthan boys A

    iii) Because boy A has followed his

    fathers genetic than boy B

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    A B

    OBSERVATION INFERENCE

    TREE B IS HIGHER

    COMPARED WITH TREE A

    Tree B gets enough fertilizercompared to tree A.

    Tree B gets enough watercompared to tree A.

    Tree B gets enough sunlightcompared to tree A.

    Tree B has been planted earlierthan tree A.

    Tree Bs genetic is better than treeAs enetic.

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    OTHER OBSERVATION

    Pemerhatian untuk menyokong setiap inferensyang dinyatakan. Ianya merupakan pemerhatian

    yang boleh dibuat oleh semua jenis deria TETAPI

    pemerhatian ini tidak boleh sama seperti

    pemerhatian ASAL

    B

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    A

    B

    OBSERVATION

    INFERENCES 2Plant B is higher thanPlant A

    Plant B gets enough

    sunlight compared plant A

    INFERENCES 1

    Plant B gets more fertilizer

    compared to Plant A

    Other Observationfor Inferences 1

    Other Observation

    for Inferences 2

    The size of leaf of plant B is

    bigger than size of leaf plant A

    The leaf of plant B is more

    green than the leaf of plant A

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    PAK ABUS COW

    FATTER/ 500 kg

    PAK BUSUS COW

    FAT/ 400 kg

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    OBSERVATION

    INFERENCES 2

    Pak Abus cow is fatterthan Pak Busus cow

    Pak Abus cow is goodgenetic than Pak Busus

    cow

    INFERENCES 1

    Because Pak Abus cowgets enough food than Pak

    Busus cow

    Other

    observations

    Other

    observation

    The faeces of PakAbus cow is more

    than Pak Busus

    cow.

    Pak Abus cow

    produced more milkthan Pak Busus cow

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    The distance travelled by vehicle X is shorter than vehicle Y

    Because vehicle Y is modern than vehicle X

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    3. Table 2 shows the result of a fair test about time taken for

    water to dry in beaker S and beaker T.

    i) The time taken for water to dry in beaker S is 2 hour

    because the temperature surrounding is higher.

    ii) The time taken for water to dry in beaker Q is 4

    hour because the surface area of beaker Q is small.

    i) The volume of water left in beaker S decreased

    faster than the volume of water left in beaker T.

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    There is no water left in the beaker after 5 hours.

    Because all the water was absorved by process of

    evaporation

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    To make observation and inference

    Write one and for figure7

    inference

    Because .

    Why that phenemenon was happen ? ]

    [ observat ion @ Respon ding v ariab le @ What is go ing on?]

    Figure 7

    observation

    spring

    Glass rod Iron rod

    magnet

    Spring with iron rod is elongated than glass rod

    Iron rod is the magnetic material compared to glass rod

    Observation : Spring with iron rod become longer than glass rod

    Inference : Iron is magnetic material compared to glass rod

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    Infering

    State one inference for this investigation .

    [ Find the changes @ responding var iable ]

    [ f ind the changes @ respond ing var iable]

    i. Seeds in beaker A : geminate

    ii. Seeds ib beaker B : not geminate

    In thescience

    lab

    In the

    refrigator

    seeds Wet cotton

    Because : .The temperature is suitable

    i) Seeds in beaker B : ..

    ii) Because : ..

    Not geminate

    The temperature is not suitable / too cold

    The temperature for seedling A is suitable comparedwith the temperature of seedling B

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    Comparing observation and inference

    Write one observation and inferens from thefigure above

    inference

    Because .

    [ Why that phenomenon was happen? ]

    Cotton can absorb water more than synthetic cloth

    [ observat ion @ What do you can see ? @ Responding v ar iables]

    Figure 4

    The volume of water in beaker A isthe lowestcompared to beaker C

    observation

    cotton paper

    Synthetic cloth

    A B C

    Water

    The aim of the investigation is to know the abilitydifferent materials to absorb water

    Observation : The volume of water in beaker A is the lower compared to

    beaker B and C.

    Inferences : The ability to absorb water is different /

    Cotton can absorb water more than paper andsynthetic cloth

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    1. Things that are kept the same / constant variable (cv)

    2. Things that are changed / manipulated variable (mv)

    3. Things that are measured/ observed / responding variable (cv)

    IDENTIFIED VARIABLES

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    VARIABLES

    IN THE TABLES(2 COLUMN)

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    1 A fair test was done to study the relationship between the number ofsponges used and the amount of water absorbed.

    Number of

    sponge

    Volume of water

    absorbed (ml)

    1 30

    2 63

    96

    4 129

    MANIPULATED VARIABLES/change THE NUMBER OF SPONGE

    RESPONDING VARIABLES/

    Measured/ observedTHE VOLUME/AMOUNT OF WATER ABSORBED

    THE SIZE OF SPONGECONSTANT VARIABLES

    mv/change rv/measured/

    observed

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    Type of object Ability to see the book

    Glass plate Clear

    Tracing paper Blurred/ not clearCardboard Cannot be seen

    MANIPULATED VARIABLES

    RESPONDING VARIABLES

    CONSTANT VARIABLES

    THE TYPE OF OBJECT

    THE ABILITY TO SEE THE BOOK

    THE TYPE OF BOOK

    2

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    3

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    The figure below shows four containers of the same size.

    Each container is filled with hot water with a temperature of 92C.After 20 minutes, the temperature of all the containers is taken and

    recorded as follows:

    TemperatureContainer Temperature

    J 83

    K 88

    L 75

    M 61

    MANIPULATED VARIABLES

    RESPONDING VARIABLES

    CONSTANT VARIABLES

    Size of container

    temperature

    The material to cover each container

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    4. Table below shows the lists the distance of Mercury, Mars, Saturnand Neptune from the Sun.

    Planet Distance from the Sun(km)

    Mercury 58 000 000

    Mars 228 000 000

    Saturn 1 435 000 000Neptune 4 500 000 000

    MEASURED

    KEPT THE SAME

    CHANGE

    THE GALAXY

    THE DISTANCE FROM THE SUN

    THE PLANET

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    1. Four similar pieces of wet handkerchief, Q, R, S and T

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    p , , ,

    are hung under fans of different speedsrespectively.

    Each handkerchief has a mass of 100g. After one hour

    the mass of each handkerchief is recorded as shownin Table 3.

    Handkechief Speed of fan Mass after 1 hourQ (0) : None 95

    R (1) : Low 90

    S (2) : Medium 80

    T (3) : High 65

    mv rv

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    Handkechief Speed of fan Mass after 1 hour

    Q (0) : None 95

    R (1) : Low 90

    S (2) : Medium 80

    T (3) : High 65

    OBSERVED

    KEPT THE SAME

    The mass after 1 hour

    The speed of fanCHANGE

    The mass of handkerchief

    mv rv

    1. Four similar pieces of wet handkerchief, Q, R, S and T

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    p

    are hung underfans ofdifferent speedsrespectively.

    Each handkerchief has a mass of 100g.After one hour

    the mass of each handkerchiefis recorded as shownin Table 3.

    OBSERVED

    KEPT THE SAME

    The mass after 1 hour

    The speed of fanCHANGE

    The mass of each

    handkerchief before

    experiment

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    State what :

    What to change : The name

    The time takenWhat to observed :

    The aged of studentWhat to kept the same :

    2 A group of pupils carries out an activity using

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    2. A group of pupils carries out an activity using

    model cars. The bar chart below shows the

    information they have obtained. (upsr 2004)

    State :

    What to change : The number of batteries

    The speedWhat to observed :

    What to kept the same : The size of model cars

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    VARIABLES

    IN THE DIAGRAM /FIGURE/ PICTURE

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    A B

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    a) Kept the same : i) The number / size / type of mice

    ii) The amount / presence of biscuit

    iii) The size of container

    b) change : i) The presence of air

    c) observed : i) The condition of the mice after two days

    iv) The duration of the experiment

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    VARIABLES

    IN THE STATEMENT

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    2) The number of dry cellcan affect the

    brightness of the bulbQuestion : Answer

    a) Change : The number of dry cell

    Measured : The brightness of the bulb

    1) The rate of e aporation is controlled b

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    1) The rate of evaporationis controlled by

    the surface area of the water exposedto

    the heat of the sun

    Manipulated variable :

    Responding variable :

    The surface area of

    the water exposed to

    the heat of the sun

    The rate of evaporation

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    The food needed by an animal per day is

    affected by its surrounding temperature

    and its activity level

    MV : Surrounding temperature

    Activity levelRV : The food needed by an animal per

    day

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    The distance of a planet from the Sun will

    affect the time taken by a planet to make

    a complete revolution around the Sun

    MV :

    RV :

    The distance of a planet from the

    sun

    The time taken by a planet to make

    a complete revolution around theSun

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    The position of the earthworm from the soil

    surface is influenced by the temperature of

    the soil surface

    MV :

    RV :

    The temperature of the soil surface

    The position of the earthworm from

    the soil

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    The time taken for the water to boil is related

    the volume of water that is used

    MV :

    RV :

    The volume of water that is used

    The time taken for the water to boil

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    The number of trees left can affect the

    temperature of surrounding

    MV :

    RV :

    The temperature of surrounding

    The number of trees left

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    INTERPRET DATA

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    INTERPRET DATA

    What is the trend in the number of pendulum swings asthe length increases?

    Responding variable ]

    [ trend / the changes of data ]

    1. Thenumberofpendulumswings

    2. decrease

    The number of pendulum swings in

    30 seconds

    Length of the pendulum string (cm)

    INTERPRET DATA

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    INTERPRET DATA

    State the trend of volume of water left when thewide of cotton cloth increase.

    [ Responding variable ]

    [ trend of the changes ]

    1.Volume of water left

    2. decrease

    Wide of cotton

    cloth ( cm )

    Volume of water

    left ( ml)

    24 44

    30 40

    36 36

    42 32

    INTERPRET DATA

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    INTERPRET DATA

    What is the trend of flower when the mass of fertilizerincreases?

    Responding variables]

    [ trend / pattern of the changes ]

    1. Quantity if flowers

    2. Increase

    VASE Mass of fertilizer (g) Quantity of flowers

    P 0 10

    Q 30 25

    R 60 50

    INTREPRET THE INFORMATION

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    State the trend of green turtle which lays egg atRantau Abang whithin five years.

    [ Responding variable ]

    [ trend / the changes of data ]

    1. Quantity of green turtle

    2. Decrease,

    Quantity of green turtle

    1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 year2003

    horizontal

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    Number of sponge Volume of water

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    p g

    absorbed (ml)

    4 129

    96

    2 63

    1 30

    Answer : Decrease

    Planet Distance from the Sun (km)

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    Planet Distance from the Sun (km)

    Mercury 58 000 000

    Mars 228 000 000

    Saturn 1 435 000 000

    Neptune 4 500 000 000

    Answer : Increase

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    Answer : Decrease, Increase, Decrease

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    Answer : Increase

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    Time (minutes) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30

    Temperature (C) 100 85 70 55 40 27 27

    Answer : Decrease, Horizontal

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    To investigate the relationship between__________ with_________

    To study the effect of _______ with / and

    __________

    Dont change the position of wtc and wto

    We can change the position of wtc and wto

    Si f d( ) h b f bl k

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    Size of Bread(cm) The number of black spot onthe bread

    25 5

    36 17

    49 29

    1. Identified :

    a) MV/Change : The size of Bread

    b) RV/Observed : The number of black spot on

    the bread

    Aim

    To investigate the relationship between

    the size of bread with the number of black

    spot on the bread.

    1) The rate of evaporation is controlled by the

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    ) p y

    surface area of the water exposedto the heat of

    the sun

    Manipulated variable :

    Responding variable :

    The surface area of the

    water exposed to the

    heat of the sunThe rate of evaporationAim/PurposeTo investigate the relationshop between

    the surface area of the water exposed

    with the rate of evaporation

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    To investigate the relationship between ________________

    with ____________

    Number of seedling

    The height of seedling

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    To investigate the relationship between ________________

    with ____________ exe

    State the aim of this investigation

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    What is to change

    What is to observed

    Quantity of newspaper recycled

    Percentage of energy saved

    To investigate the relationship between the quantity of

    Recycled paper with the percentage of energy saved

    State the aim of this investigation

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    What is to change

    What is to observed

    Quantity of salt used

    Time taken for eggs to

    become expired

    To investigate the relationship between the quantity of salt used

    with the time taken for eggs to become expired

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    To investigate the relationship between the type of surface

    With the distance travelled by toy car

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    MV/ h t d/ tt

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    2) When MV/change trend/pattern

    RV/Observed/Measured trend/pattern

    e

    1) If MV/change trend/pattern

    RV/Observed/Measured trend/pattern

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    LANGKAH 1

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    LANGKAH 1

    KENALPASTI VARIABLES :

    a) Manipulated variables

    b) Responding variables

    c) trend/pattern setiap variables diatas

    HYPOTHESIS

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    a) Hypothesis based on the investigations

    The group of pupils do their investigations .The result

    from investigations are recorded in the table above.

    (a) Write the hypothesis based on the

    investigations above.

    5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

    10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

    Time of the seeds

    immersed ( minute )

    Weight of seeds ( grams

    )

    If time of the seeds immersed is increase, so

    the weight of seeds become increase

    The more the time of the seeds immersed the

    more the weight of seeds

    Size of Bread(cm) The number of black spot onthe bread

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    the bread

    25 5

    36 17

    49 29

    1. Identified :

    a) MV/Change :

    b) RV/Observed : The number of black spot on

    the bread

    The size of Bread

    b) Trend : Increase

    Increase

    Hyphotesis1) If the size of bread increase, the number ofblack spot on the bread increase too

    2) The more the size of bread, the more the

    number of black spot on the bread.

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    b) Hypothesis based on the statement

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    b) Hypothesis based on the statement.

    The user of the insect poisonous without follow

    the instructions can cause the damage for theplant for along period times

    (a)State the hypothesis based on the statementabove

    If the user of the insect poisonous without

    follow the instructions, socan cause the

    damage for the plant for along period times

    1.The food needed by an animal per day is

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    The food needed by an animal per day is

    affected by its surrounding temperature and

    its activity level

    Identified:

    MV : i) Surrounding temperature

    ii) Activity level

    RV : i) The food needed by an animalper day

    Hipotesis :

    If the surrounding temperature increasethe food needed by an animal per day

    decrease.

    If the surrounding temperature decrease

    the food needed by an animal per dayincrease.If the activity level increasethe food needed by an animal per day

    Increase.

    c) Hypothesis based on inference.

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    (a)Give an inference for each observation are

    made by Agriculture Officer in their report.

    Observation : Plantation A produce their product

    more faster than Plantation B

    Inference : The fertilizer using by Plantations Amore quality compare plantation B .

    (b) State hypothesis can be made based on the

    inference that you make. (a).

    If the fertilizer that use is more quality,so the

    plant can produce the product become faster

    Hypothesis/relationships/conclusion can be made by

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    Hypothesis/relationships/conclusion can be made byusing the words more/more, more/less , less/less,

    less/more or if/then.

    Time Temperature

    5 10

    10 5

    15 0

    The more the time, the less the temperature.

    If the time increases then the temperature decreases.

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    Number of pupils in

    the room

    1 5 10 15

    Condition in the room Too

    cold

    Cold Too

    hot

    hot

    Hyphotesis

    If the number of pupils in the room increased

    the temperature in the room increased too

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    Answer

    d) If the number of folded of cloth increased

    the duration to cloth become dry is increased

    the volume of water left is decreased

    e) If the cotton material were used

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    Diucapkan terima kasihdi t k j d

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    di atas kerjasama anda .

    Semoga cemerlang 2009dalamP PSAINSandaIkhlas :-Cikgu Zanizah

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