Técnicas de Optimización

5/17/2018 T cnicas de Optimizaci n - slidepdf.com

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/tecnicas-de-optimizacion 1/56Dnkagar~zdbaòg nf Jdrfr nf Nd~lr

zzyfzfsIvgakf~'fnv'uf

zyfzfsIrmlyfy`'blkzlgdhnyfzfszIml~kdah'blk

Ago' Zlgdhn Yázfs

Jdrf nf Nd~lr



Dofgnd

Evgbalgfr nf vg NJD Narfôl nf ozvylr nf dzbmaulr

Zfgnakafg~l F,R nfh narbl

Ydz~abalgdkafg~l

RTH Rfzufz

KqRTH

Lzdbhf

Uar~dr Kd~fzadhasdndr

Ëgnabfr



Db~lzfr fg vg Rar~fkd nf JN

Dnkagar~zdnlz nf hd jdrf nf nd~lr -DJN! Zfrylgrdjhf nf dnkagar~zdz hlr zfbvzrlr nfh RJN -gaufh

~ábgabl!3

JN + ROJN + L~zl Rle~wdzf -dyhabdbalgfr,yzlozdkdr nf dbbfrl!

Hdr evgbalgfr nfh DJN agbhvqfg3

Nfeagaz,Klnaeabdz hd fr~zvb~vzd nf hd JN q zfr~zabbalgfr nf hlr nd~lr

Bzfdz,Klnaeabdz fr~zvb~vzdr nf dhkdbfgdkafg~l q ká~lnlr nfdbbfrl

Blgbfnfz,Nfgfodz yfzkarlr nf dbbfrl q blg~zlhdz nabml dbbfrl dnd~lr -rfovzandn nf hd JN!

Nfeagaz yhdgfr nf blyadr nf rfovzandn nf hlr nd~lr nf hd JN Odzdg~asdz fh evgbalgdkafg~l blzzfb~l nfh rar~fkd q yzlylzbalgdz

rfzuabal ~ábgabl dh vrvdzal -zfryvfr~d hfg~d nfh rar~fkd'''!

Dntvazaz hlr zfbvzrlr rle~wdzf q mdznwdzf gfbfrdzalr



Narfôl nf ozvylr nf dzbmaulr

Hlr ozvylr nf dzbmaulr nfeagfg hd dztva~fb~vzd nfdhkdbfgdkafg~l järabd ydzd ~lnlr hlr ljcf~lr nf vgdjdrf nf nd~lr' Vg blgcvg~l nf ozvylr nf dzbmaulr jafgnfeaganl yvfnf yfzka~azhf nazaoaz lyfzdbalgfr nf blyad nfrfovzandn q nf zfr~dvzdbaòg d vgd ydz~f nf hd jdrf nfnd~lr'

Hd fr~zvb~vzd nf ozvylr nf dzbmaulr tvf rf nfeagd

yvfnf defb~dz ~dkjaág d hdr bdzdb~fzër~abdr nfzfgnakafg~l ydzd hd lyfzdbalgfr nf narbl q dbfy~dzbdydbandnfr nf ydz~abaòg'




Ydzd zfbvyfzdjahandnHlr ozvylr nf dzbmaulr ~afgfg tvf ~fgfz blkl këgakl vg dzbmaul q yvfnfg ~fgfz kvbmlr dzbmaulr tvf djdzbdgvgandnfr nf narbl' Vg ozvyl nf dzbmaulr bzfd hd ezlg~fzd

nf dhkdbfgdkafg~l ydzd ~lnlr hlr ljcf~lr nf vgd jdrfnf nd~lr( f}bfy~l hdr ~djhdr( ëgnabfr q uar~dr agnasdnd(yvfr~l tvf ~lnlr ~afgfg ydz~abalgfr'

Hlr ljcf~lr rag ydz~abalgfr nfjfg zfranaz fg vg ozvyl fdzbmaulr ógabl( dvgtvf hd agelzkdbaòg tvf blg~fgod vgljcf~l rag ydz~abaòg yvfnd djdzbdz kär nf vgd dzbmaul




Ydzd zfgnakafg~lFh narfôl nf dzbmaulr ydzd zfgnakafg~l fr( nf mfbml(vgd deazkdbaòg agblzzfb~d'

Hlr ozvylr nf dzbmaulr gl ~afgfg gagovgd bdzdb~fzër~abd nf zfgnakafg~l agmfzfg~f' Hdr bdzdb~fzër~abdr nfzfgnakafg~l nfzaudg nfh dzbmaul l dzbmaulr nfh ozvyl nfdzbmaulr'



Zfgnakafg~l nf F,R nfh narbl

Zfblzndz tvf hd kfclzd nfh zfgnakafg~l tvf ufzä d ydz~az nf hlr narfôlr nf ozvylr nf dzbmaulr q hdvjabdbaòg nf dzbmaulr rf zfeafzf d lyfzdbalgfrtvf zftvafzfg F,R nfh narbl' Ra md narfôdnl rvr

dyhabdbalgfr q jdrfr nf nd~lr v~ahasdgnl hlrraovafg~fr yzagbayalr( hlr jfgfeabalr fgzfgnakafg~l rfzäg këgaklr ylztvf bdra ~lnl fhdbbfrl d hd agelzkdbaòg rf yzlnvbazä nfrnf hd

bdbmá nf nd~lr fg hd kfklzad



Zfgnakafg~l nf F,R nfh narbl

Yzagbayalr3 ^lndr hdr blhvkgdr fr~äg nfeagandr blg fh ~aylnf nd~lr kär yftvfôl ydzd bdy~vzdz agelzkdbaòg

Hdr dyhabdbalgfr f}~zdfg ròhl fh gókfzl këgakl nf eahdr gfbfrdzadr

Hdr dyhabdbalgfr f}~zdfg ròhl fh gókfzl këgakl nf blhvkgdr gfbfrdzadr

Fh vrl nf ~djhdr ~fkylzdhfr q udzadjhfr nf ~djhdmd ranl kagakasdnl



Narfôl nf ozvyl nf dzbmaulr ydzdhd ydz~abaòg

Dnfkär nf narfôdz ozvylr nf dzbmaulr ydzdzfgnakafg~l q zfbvyfzdjahandn( hlr ozvylr nfdzbmaulr ~afgfg vg ydyfh evgndkfg~dh fg fh

narfôl nf ydz~abalgfr'

Dh dyhabdz vgd ydz~abaòg dnfbvdnd( yvfnf dhbdgsdz

vg dvkfg~l akylz~dg~f fg hd narylgajahandn nf hdagelzkdbaòg ylztvf qd gl fr~d haka~dnl ylzyzlbfrlr nf bdzod kdraud l nf dzbmaul'



¼Tvá fr fh ydz~abalgdkafg~l nf nd~lr<

Hlr zfoar~zlr nf vgd ~djhd rf nauanfg fgnaefzfg~fr ~zlslr-blkl ~djhdr agnauanvdhfr!

^lnlr hdr eahdr raovfg yfz~fgfbafgnl d hd

karkd ~djhd hòoabd



Frtvfkd nf Ydz~abaòg -RTH Rfzufz!

Fh frtvfkd nf ydz~abaòg nfeagf hdr fr~zvb~vzdr nfdhkdbfgdkafg~l eërabdr tvf rf v~ahasdzäg blg vgevgbaòg nf ydz~abaòg fryfbaeabd'

Fh yzlbfrl nf bzfdz vgd ydz~abaòg fg vgd ~djhd( ëgnabf l

uar~d agnasdndr fr fh raovafg~f3 Bzfdz vgd evgbaòg nf ydz~abaòg

Bzfdz vg frtvfkd nf ydz~abaòg draogdnl d vgdevgbaòg nf ydz~abaòg

Bzfdz vgd ~djhd( ëgnabf l uar~d agnasdnd fg fh frtvfkdnf ydz~abaòg



Evgbalgfr nf ydz~abaòg

Vgd ‘evgbaòg nf ydz~abaòg‛ nfeagf hlr yvg~lr nf ezlg~fzdtvf v~ahasd RTH Rfzufz ydzd nauanaz agelzkdbaòg fg vgfrtvfkd nf ydz~abaòg( vg fcfkyhl nf evgbaòg nf

ydz~abaòg fr fh raovafg~f3

BZFD^F YDZÂÂLG EVGÂLG

EvgbalgNfYdz~abalg -AG^!

DR ZDGOF

ELZ UDHVFR -49(:9(29(>9(69(59!

Hd bhdvrvhd DR yfzka~f fryfbaeabdz ra hd evgbaòg nfydz~abaòg tvf fr~ä bzfdgnl fr ZDGOF HFE^ l ZDGOF

ZAOM^' Hlr ydzäkf~zlr HFE^ q ZAOM^ nfeagf tvf

ydz~abaòg agbhvazä hlr yvg~lr nf ezlg~fzdr'



Evgbaòg nf ydz~abaòg -ZDGOF HFE^!

Gókfzl nf Ydz~abaòg Udhlz këg' Udhlz kä}'4 +∗ 49

: 44 :9

2 :4 29

> 24 >9

6 >4 69

5 64 59

? 54 +∗



Evgbaòg nf ydz~abaòg -ZDGOF ZAOM^!

Gókfzl nf Ydz~abaòg Udhlz këg' Udhlz kä}'4 +∗ 1

: 49 41

2 :9 :1

> 29 21

6 >9 >1

5 69 61

? 59 +∗

Blkl fh kä}akl nf ydz~abalgfr nf vg ljcf~l fr 4999( rf yvfnffryfbaeabdz vg kä}akl nf 111 yvg~lr nf ezlg~fzd



Frtvfkdr nf ydz~abaòg

Vg ‘frtvfkd nf ydz~abaòg‛( tvf fr vgd nfeagabaòg dh~fzgd~aud ydzd fh dhkdbfgdkafg~l( rf nfeagfydzd djdzbdz d vgl l kär ozvylr nf dzbmaulr'Vg fcfkyhl nf vg frtvfkd nf ydz~abaòg fr fh

raovafg~f3

BZFD^F YDZÂÂLG RBMFKF Ydz~abalgRbmfkf

DR YDZÂÂLG EvgbalgNfYdz~abalg

^L -Eo4( Eo:( Eo2( Eo>( Eo6( Eo5( Eo?!



Bzfdbaòg nf vgd ~djhd blg ydz~abaòg

Hd bzfdbaòg nf vgd ~djhd( ëgnabf l uar~d agnasdndblg ydz~abaòg fr rakahdz bzfdz vgd ~djhd( ëgnabf luar~d agnasdndr rag ydz~abaòg'

Fcfkyhl3

BZFD^F ^DJHF Fkyhfdnl

- AnFkyhfdnl AG^ GL^ GVHH

(Glkjzf UDZBMDZ-29! GL^ GVHH

(Dyfhhanl UDZBMDZ-29! GL^ GVHH

! LG

Ydz~abalgRbmfkf-AnFkyhfdnl !

OL



Lyfzdnlzfr RYHA^ q KFZOF

Blkl hd agelzkdbaòg bdkjad blgr~dg~fkfg~f( hdrydz~abalgfr gl rvfhf rfz fr~ä~abd' Mdq nlr lyfzdnlzfrnarylgajhfr ydzd ofr~algdz hdr nfeagabalgfr nf hlryvg~lr nf ezlg~fzd

Fh lyfzdnlz RYHA^ ag~zlnvbf vg yvg~l nf ezlg~fzd gvfulfg vgd evgbaòg nf ydz~abaòg'

KFZOF fhakagd vg yvg~l ezlg~fzd nf vgd evgbaòg nfydz~abaòg'


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/tecnicas-de-optimizacion 18/56

Dnkagar~zdbaòg nf Jdrfr nf Nd~lr

Lyfzdnlzfr RYHA^ q KFZOF

Rag~d}ar ofgfzdh3

DH^FZ YDZÂÂLG EVGÂLG ydz~a~alg\evg~alg\gdkf-!

p RYHA^ ZDGOF -jlvgndzq\udhvf!

x KFZOF ZDGOF -jlvgndzq\udhvf!{ P0[




Ydz~abalgdkafg~l -KqRTH!

Ydzd nf~fzkagdz ra fh rfzuanlz KqRTH rlylz~dydz~abalgdkafg~l yvfnf fcfbv~dz fh raovafg~f blkdgnl

RML_ UDZADJHFR HA@F /&ydz~a~alg&”

^dkjaág yvfnf fcfbv~dz fh blkdgnlRML_ YHVOAGR0





Ydz~abalgfr ylz ZDGOF

BZFD^F ^DJHF Fcfkyhl

-an AG^

(GlkjzfUDZBMDZ-69!(yvzbmdrfn ND^F!

YDZÂÂLG JQ ZDGOF- QFDZ-yvzbmdrfn! !

-

YDZÂÂLG y9 UDHVFR HFRR ^MDG -4119!

(YDZÂÂLG y4 UDHVFR HFRR ^MDG -4116!

(YDZÂÂLG y: UDHVFR HFRR ^MDG -:999!

(YDZÂÂLG y2 UDHVFR HFRR ^MDG -:996!

!0





Ydz~abalgfr ylz HAR^BZFD^F ^DJHF fkyhlqffr

-an AG^ GL^ GVHH

( egdkf UDZBMDZ-29!

( hgdkf UDZBMDZ-29!

( mazfn ND^F GL^ GVHH NFEDVH^ /41?99494”

( rfydzd~fn ND^F GL^ GVHH NFEDVH^ /11114:24”

( clj\blnf AG^

( r~lzf\an AG^ !

YDZÂÂLG JQ HAR^-r~lzf\an!- YDZÂÂLG yGlz~m UDHVFR AG -2(6(5(1(4?!

(YDZÂÂLG yFdr~ UDHVFR AG -4(:(49(44(41(:9!

(YDZÂÂLG y_fr~ UDHVFR AG ->(4:(42(4>(4=!

(YDZÂÂLG yBfg~zdh UDHVFR AG -?(=(46(45!

!0





Ydz~abalgfr MDRMFRBZFD^F ^DJHF fkyhlqffr

-

an AG^ GL^ GVHH

( egdkf UDZBMDZ-29!

( hgdkf UDZBMDZ-29!

( mazfn ND^F GL^ GVHH NFEDVH^ /41?99494”

( rfydzd~fn ND^F GL^ GVHH NFEDVH^ /11114:24”

( clj\blnf AG^

( r~lzf\an A G^

!

YDZÂÂLG JQ MDRM- QFDZ-mazfn! !

YDZÂÂLGR >0





Ydz~abalgfr @FQ

BZFD^F ^DJHF `4

-

an AG^ GL^ GVHH YZAKDZQ @FQ(gdkf UDZBMDZ-:9!

!

YDZÂÂLG JQ @FQ-!

YDZÂÂLGR :0




Ydz~abalgdkafg~l fg Lzdbhf




Ydz~abalgdkafg~l Blkylra~f


BZFD^F ^DJHF ^DJ: -lzn\an GVKJFZ-49!( lzn\ndq GVKJFZ-:!( lzn\klg~m GVKJFZ-:!( lzn\qfdz GVKJFZ->!

! YDZÂÂLG JQ ZDGOF-lzn\qfdz! RVJYDZÂÂLG JQ MDRM-lzn\an! RVJYDZÂÂLGR = - YDZÂÂLG t4 UDHVFR HFRR ^MDG-:994!

- RVJYDZÂÂLG t4\m4 ^DJHFRYDBF ^JR4(

RVJYDZÂÂLG t4\m: ^DJHFRYDBF ^JR:( RVJYDZÂÂLG t4\m2 ^DJHFRYDBF ^JR2( RVJYDZÂÂLG t4\m> ^DJHFRYDBF ^JR>

!(




Ydz~abalgdkafg~l Blkylra~f3


YDZÂÂLG t: UDHVFR HFRR ^MDG-:99:!

- RVJYDZÂÂLG t:\m6 ^DJHFRYDBF ^JR6(

RVJYDZÂÂLG t:\m5 ^DJHFRYDBF ^JR5(

RVJYDZÂÂLG t:\m? ^DJHFRYDBF ^JR?(

RVJYDZÂÂLG t:\m= ^DJHFRYDBF ^JR=

!( YDZÂÂLG t2 UDHVFR HFRR ^MDG-:992!

- RVJYDZÂÂLG t2\m4 ^DJHFRYDBF ^JR4(

RVJYDZÂÂLG t2\m: ^DJHFRYDBF ^JR:( RVJYDZÂÂLG t2\m2 ^DJHFRYDBF ^JR2(

RVJYDZÂÂLG t2\m> ^DJHFRYDBF ^JR>

!(

YDZÂÂLG t> UDHVFR HFRR ^MDG-:99>! - RVJYDZÂÂLG t>\m6 ^DJHFRYDBF ^JR6(

RVJYDZÂÂLG t>\m5 ^DJHFRYDBF ^JR5(

RVJYDZÂÂLG t>\m? ^DJHFRYDBF ^JR?( RVJYDZÂÂLG t>\m= ^DJHFRYDBF ^JR=

!

!





Hd uar~d kd~fzadhasdnd gl fr kär tvf vgd uar~d( nfeagandblg vgd rfg~fgbad RTH( nf hd tvf dnfkär nfdhkdbfgdz rv nfeagabaòg( rf dhkdbfgdg hlr nd~lr tvfzf~lzgd( zfdhasdgnl vgd bdzod agabadh q nfryvár bdndbafz~l ~afkyl vg zfezfrbl nf hlr karklr'

Hd bzfdbaòg nf fr~f ~ayl nf uar~dr gl fr ~dg blkyhfcdblkl yvfnf ydzfbfz( hl kär akylz~dg~f fr ~fgfz bhdzlbdnd bväg~l ~afkyl tvfzfklr db~vdhasdz hd

agelzkdbaòg nf hdr uar~dr( q tvá ká~lnl nf zfezfrblv~ahasdz'





BZFD^F KD^FZADHASFN UAF_ ka\uar~d\kd~fzadhasdndP^DJHFRYDBF ka\~djhfrydbf[

PJVAHN pAKKFNAD^F x NFEFZZFN{[

PZFEZFRM pLG BLKKA^ x LG NFKDGN

x PR^DZ^ _A^M efbmd\agabal[ GF]^ efbmd\ag~fzudhl {x pBLKYHF^F x EDR^ x ELZBF{ [

PpFGDJHFxNARDJHF{ TVFZQ ZF_ZA^F[

DR RFHFB^ ~4'bdkyl4( ~:'bdkyl: EZLK ka\~djhd4 ~4

( ka\~djhd: ~:

_MFZF ~4'bdkyl\e` ; ~:'bdkyl\y` DGN ‥





Vgd nf hdr blrdr akylz~dg~fr d ~fgfz fg bvfg~d fr tvfydzd ylnfz v~ahasdz fr~f ká~lnl bdra rafkyzf frgfbfrdzal mdjfz bzfdnl dg~fr vg HLO nf hd Uar~dkd~fzadhasdnd( agnabdgnl hlr bdkylr bhduf fg hlr tvfrf jdrdzä fh kdg~fgakafg~l nf hd uar~d'Rf v~ahasd hd agr~zvbbaòg

BZFD^F KD^FZADHASFN UAF_ HLO LG3

Fcfkyhl

BZFD^F KD^FZADHASFN UAF_ HLO LGka\~djhd\lzaofg

_A^M YZAKDZQ @FQ AGBHVNAGO GF_ UDHVFR0





Bdzod nf nd~lr fg hd uar~d JVAHN AKKFNAD^F3

Hlr nd~lr nf hd uar~d rf bdzodg fg fh karklklkfg~l nf hd bzfdbaòg

JVAHN NFEFZZFN3Ròhl rf bzfd hd nfeagabaòg( hlr nd~lr rf bdzodzäg kärdnfhdg~f' Ydzd zfdhasdz fr~d bdzod rf yvfnf v~ahasdz hdevgbaòg ZFEZFRM nfh ydb`dof NJKR\KUAF_3

jfoagnjkr\kuafw'zfezfrm-/ka\uar~d\kd~fzadhasdnd/!0

fgn0





Ká~lnl q ~fkylzdhandn nfh zfezfrbl nf hlr nd~lr ZFEZFRM LG BLKKA^3

Bdnd ufs tvf rf mdod vg blkka~ fg hlr ljcf~lr lzaofgnfeaganlr fg fh rfhfb~

ZFEZFRM LG NFKDGN3

Blkl blg hd lybaòg NFEFZZFN nfh JVAHN( rf v~ahasdzäghlr yzlbfnvzfr ZFEZFRM( ZFEZFRM\DHH\KUAF_R lZFEZFRM\NFYFGNFG^ nfh ydb`dof NJKR\KUAF_

ZFEZFRM PR^DZ^ _A^M efbmd\agabal[ GF]^

efbmd\ag~fzudhl3R^DZ^ _A^M agnabd hd efbmd nfh yzakfz zfezfrbl

-efbmd\agabal rvfhf rfz vg RQRND^F! GF]^ agnabd bdndbväg~l ~afkyl rf db~vdhasdzä -efbmd\ag~fzudhl ylnzëd rfz RQRND^F +4 ydzd zfdhasdz fh zfezfrbl vgd ufs dh nëd!





Fcfkyhl3

BZFD^F KD^FZADHASFN UAF_ HLO LG

ka\~djhd\lzaofg

_A^M YZAKDZQ @FQ AGBHVNAGO GF_ UDHVFR0

BZFD^F KD^FZADHASFN UAF_

ka\uar~d\kd~fzadhasdnd

ZFEZFRM EDR^ GF]^ RQRND^F + ?

DR RFHFB^ bdkyl4( bdkyl:( bdkyl=

EZLK ka\~djhd\lzaofg

_MFZF bdkyl: 7 69990




Ëgnabfr

Hlr ëgnabfr rf v~ahasdg ydzd kfclzdz fh zfgnakafg~l nf hdryf~abalgfr nf nd~lr' Fg vg kvgnl yfzefb~l( ylnzëd bzfdz kvbmlr ëgnabfr ydzd rd~aredbfz ~lndr hdryfzkv~dbalgfr nf blgrvh~d tvf bzfdrf vg vrvdzal' Gl

ljr~dg~f( hlr ëgnabfr gfbfra~dg kdg~fgakafg~l'

D kfnand tvf rf agrfz~d( rf db~vdhasd q rf fhakagdagelzkdbaòg( mdq tvf ulhufz d bdhbvhdz hlr ëgnabfr' Hd

bzfdbaòg nf ëgnabfr nfjf rfz ftvahajzdnd ydzd tvfbzff rveabafg~fr ëgnabfr ydzd kfclzdz hdr blgrvh~dr q dhkarkl ~afkyl drfovzdz fh këgakl akydb~l fg hdrklnaeabdbalgfr nf nd~lr




Ëgnabfr -blgranfzdbaòg!

Vg ëgnabf ròhl fr ó~ah ra yzlylzbalgd vg kfnal ydzdfgblg~zdz hd agelzkdbaòg eäbahkfg~f d yfrdz nfhulhvkfg nf agelzkdbaòg dhkdbfgdnl'




ÄzjlhfrJ -J~zffr!

Hd fr~zvb~vzd tvf v~ahasd RTH Rfzufz(Lzdbhf(‥ ydzdblgr~zvaz q kdg~fgfz ëgnabfr rf nfglkagd ‘äzjlh ftvahajzdnl‛ l ‘äzjlhJ‛ -jdhdgbfn ~zff l J~zff!




ÄzjlhfrJ -J~zffr!




Ëgnabfr -Bhdraeabdbaòg!

Hòoabd Vgd blhvkgd l blgbd~fgdnl3 Vgd rlhd l udzadr

blhvkgdr bhduf

Ógabl l gl ógabl3 Yfzka~f l gl udhlzfr nvyhabdnlr fg hd

bhduf Jdrdnl fg evgbalgfr3 Jdrdnl fg evgbalgfr rljzf vgd l

kär blhvkgdr nf hd ~djhd'

Kfbdgarkl feabafg~f ydzd fudhvdz blgrvh~dr tvf

blg~afgfg evgbalgfr fg rv bhävrvhd _MFZF BZFD^F AGNF] bdg~andn\d\nfrydbmdz\an}

LG a~fk-bdg~andn bdg~andn\nfrydbmdnd!0

RFHFB^ lznfg'an( a~fk'an EZLK a~fk

_MFZF -bdg~andn bdg~andn\nfrydbmdnd! 7 90




Ëgnabfr -Bhdraeabdbaòg!

Eërabd Ydz~abalgdnl l gl ydz~abalgdnl

Äzjlh J

Glzkdh

Agufz~anl

Ja~kdy

Ja~kdy Clag




Dhkdbfgdkafg~l nf ëgnabfr

Bvdgnl rf bzfd vg ëgnabf rf draogd dv~lkä~abdkfg~f vg rfokfg~l nf ëgnabf'

Rf yvfnf dnkagar~zdz fh frydbal nf vg rfokfg~l nfëgnabf nf hd raovafg~f elzkd3

Fryfbaeabdgnl hlr ydzäkf~zlr nf dhkdbfgdkafg~lzfhdbalgdnlr blg hd draogdbaòg nf f}~fg~r

Fryfbaeabdgnl fh ydzäkf~zl YB^EZFF

Rf yvfnf draogdz vg ~djhfrydbf naefzfg~f dh

~djhfrydbf nf hlr nd~lr( kfclzdgnl drë fh nfrfkyfôl' Bvdgnl rf bzfd fh ëgnabf( fh NJKR mdbf rlz~ rljzf hdr

blhvkgdr nfh ëgnabf q dhkdbfgd fh zlwan q fh udhlz nfhëgnabf ydzd bdnd eahd'




Zfr~zabbalgfr rljzf ëgnabfr

Rf yvfnfg bzfdz ~dg~lr ëgnabfr rljzf hdr ~djhdr blklblkjagdbalgfr nf blhvkgdr naefzfg~fr f}ar~dg'

Rf yvfnf bzfdz vg ëgnabf rljzf fh karkl blgcvg~l nfblhvkgdr( ra hdr karkdr fr~äg lznfgdndr nf elzkd

naefzfg~f' Gl rf yvfnfg bzfdz nlr ëgnabfr rljzf fh karkl

d~zajv~l'

Rf yvfnf jlzzdz vg ëgnabf rag dh~fzdz hlr nd~lr nf hd

~djhd nf nd~lr'




Zfr~zabbalgfr rljzf ëgnabfr

Lzdbhf bzfd dv~lkä~abdkfg~f3 Vg ëgnabf VGATVF jdrdnl fg J#~zff ydzd kdg~fgfz hdr

blhvkgdr tvf rf mdqdg nfeaganl blkl bhduf yzakdzad nf

vgd ~djhd v~ahasdgnl fh BLGR^ZDAG^ YZAKDZQ @FQ nfvgd ~djhd gl lzodgasdnd ylz ëgnabf'

Vg ëgnabf VGATVF jdrdnl fg J#~zff ydzd kdg~fgfz hdrblhvkgdr rljzf hdr tvf rf nfeagaò fh BLGR^ZDAG^

VGATVF'

Vg ëgnabf jdrdnl fg J#~zff ydzd kdg~fgfz hdr blhvkgdr

tvf rf mdqdg nfeaganl blkl bhduf yzakdzad q ~lndr hdreahdr nf vgd ~djhd lzodgasdnd ylz ëgnabf'

Vg ëgnabf jdrdnl fg mdrmago ydzd kdg~fgfz hdr eahdr nfvg ozvyl nf ~djhdr -bhvr~fz! lzodgasdnl ylz mdrm'




Ufg~dcd nf hd fr~zvb~vzd nf äzjlh J

^lnlr hlr glnlr mlcdr fr~äg dh karkl gaufh(zfbvyfzdbaòg nf bvdhtvafz zfoar~zl ~lkd fh karkl ~afkyl

Dzjlhfr J yfzkdgfbfg jdhdgbfdnlr dv~lkä~abdkfg~f

^lnlr hlr jhltvfr fr~äg hhfglr fg vg ?6& fg yzlkfnal

Yzluffg vg jvfg nfrfkyfôl ydzd blgrvh~dr f}db~dr qylz zdgolr

Agrfzbalgfr( klnaeabdbalgfr q fhakagdbalgfr rlg

feabafg~fr( q rf kdg~afgf fh lznfg nf hdr bhdufr ydzd vgdzfbvyfzdbaòg zäyand

Fh nfrfkyfôl fr jvfgl ydzd ~djhdr yftvfôdr q ozdgnfrq gl rf nfozdnd bvdgnl hd ~djhd bzfbf'




Jórtvfnd fg ëgnabfr jdrdnlr fgäzjlh J

Jórtvfnd f}db~d Fkyafsd fg fh glnl zdës

Jórtvfnd nf bhduf kär yftvfôd kdqlz l aovdh tvf fh udhlz

Ra fr kdqlz tvf hd bhduf( rf raovf fh dyvg~dnlz dg~fzalz mdr~dfh macl'

Ra fr aovdh d hd bhduf( rf raovf fh dyvg~dnlz mdr~d fh macl

Ra gl f}ar~f vgl kdqlz l aovdh( rf raovf fh dyvg~dnlz nfh udhlzkär dh~l nfh jhltvf'

Zfya~d hlr ydrlr ra fh macl fr vg glnl ‘ag~fzgl‛'

Jvrbd fg hd mlcd hd bhduf aovdh dh udhlz' Ra hd bhduf rf fgbvfg~zd( zf~lzgd fh ZL_AN

Ra hd bhduf gl rf fgbvfg~zd( hd eahd gl f}ar~f'




Jórtvfnd fg ëgnabfr jdrdnlr fgäzjlh J

Jórtvfnd ylz zdgol3

Rakahdz dh rbdg ógabl yfzl jvrbdgnl fh hëka~f agefzalznfh zdgol

Jvrbd fg hdr mlcdr ~lndr hdr bhdufr kfglzfr l aovdhfrdh hëka~f agefzalz

Rf dyzlufbmd hd har~d fghdsdnd nf mlcdr'




^aylr järablr nf ëgnabfr

Ëgnabfr Lznfgdnlr3 Fr~lr ëgnabfr fr~äg jdrdnlr fgvgd narylrabaòg lznfgdnd nf hlr udhlzfr

Ëgnabfr Drlbad~aulr -Ëgnabfr Mdrm!3 Fr~lr ëgnabfr fr~äg jdrdnlr fg vgd nar~zajvbaòg vgaelzkf nf hlr

udhlzfr d ~zduár nf vgd rfzaf nf bdclgfr -jvb`f~r!0 Fhudhlz draogdnl d bdnd bdcòg fr~ä nf~fzkagdnl ylz vgdevgbaòg( hhdkdnd evgbaòg nf drlbadbaòg -MdrmEvgb~alg!

^ábgabdr nf Agnf}dbaòg , ^ábgabdr nf Drlbadbaòg




Bza~fzalr nf udhlzdbaòg

^aylr nf Dbbfrl3 Hlr ~aylr nf dbbfrl tvf rf rlylz~dgfeabdskfg~f -fr~lr ~aylr ylnzëdg agbhvaz hd jórtvfnd nf zfoar~zlr blg vg udhlz blgbzf~l fg vg d~zajv~l ljvrbdz hlr zfoar~zlr bvqlr d~zajv~lr blg~fgodg udhlzfrfg vg zdgol fryfbaeabdnl!

^afkyl nf Dbbfrl3 Fh ~afkyl tvf rf ~dznd fg jvrbdzvg nf~fzkagdnl fhfkfg~l nf nd~lr l blgcvg~l nffhfkfg~lr( vrdgnl hd ~ábgabd fg bvfr~aòg





^afkyl nf Agrfzbaòg3 Fh ~afkyl fkyhfdnl fg agrfz~dzvg gvful fhfkfg~l nf nd~lr -fr~f udhlz agbhvqf fh~afkyl v~ahasdnl fg jvrbdz fh hvodz dyzlyadnl nlgnfagrfz~dz fh gvful fhfkfg~l nf nd~lr( drë blkl fh~afkyl fkyhfdnl fg db~vdhasdz hd fr~zvb~vzd nf ëgnabf!

^afkyl nf Jlzzdnl3 Fh ~afkyl fkyhfdnl fg jlzzdz vg fhfkfg~l nf nd~lr -fr~f udhlz agbhvqf fh ~afkylv~ahasdnl fg jvrbdz fh fhfkfg~l d jlzzdz( drë blkl fh~afkyl fkyhfdnl fg db~vdhasdz hd fr~zvb~vzd nf ëgnabf!





Frydbal Dnabalgdh Zftvfzanl3 Fh frydbaldnabalgdh lbvydnl ylz hd fr~zvb~vzd nfh ëgnabf -blkl glzkdhkfg~f hd bdg~andn gfbfrdzad nffrydbal dnabalgdh rvfhf rfz klnfzdnd( fr

zdslgdjhf rdbzaeabdz fh frydbal ydzd dhbdgsdzvg zfgnakafg~l kfclz!




Bhdufr nf Jórtvfnd

Hlr d~zajv~lr l blgcvg~lr nf d~zajv~lr vrdnlrydzd jvrbdz fg vg dzbmaul rf hhdkdg bhdufrnf jórtvfnd Fr~d nfeagabaòg nf bhduf nfjórtvfnd gl ~afgf gdnd tvf ufz blg bhduf

yzakdzad( bhduf bdgnand~d q rvyfzbhduf




Rag~d}ar ofgfzdh3

Ëgnabfr fg RTH Rfzufz

BZFD^F P VGATVF [ P BHVR^FZFN x GLGBHVR^FZFN [ AGNF]agnf}\gdkf LG 8ljcfb~7 - blhvkg P DRB x NFRB [ P ('''g [ ! PAGBHVNF - blhvkg\gdkf P ('''g [ ! [

P _A^M - 8zfhd~algdh\agnf}\ly~alg7 P ('''g [ ! [P LG p ydz~a~alg\rbmfkf\gdkf - blhvkg\gdkf ! xeahfozlvy\gdkf x nfedvh~ { [P EAHFR^ZFDK\LG p eahfr~zfdk\eahfozlvy\gdkf xydz~a~alg\rbmfkf\gdkf x *GVHH* { [P 0 [




Rag~d}ar ofgfzdh3

Nfrmdjaha~dz, Mdjaha~dz vg ëgnabf -RTH Rfzufz!

DH^FZ AGNF] p agnf}\gdkf x DHH{LG 8ljcfb~7NARDJHF P0[

DH^FZ AGNF] p agnf}\gdkf x DHH{LG 8ljcfb~7ZFJVAHNP0[




^djhf Agnf}3

Ëgnabfr fg Lzdbhf

BZFD^F PVGATVFxJA^KDY[ AGNF] Pfrtvfkd'[agnf}\gdkfLG Pfrtvfkd'[~djhf\gdkf P~jh\dhadr[-blh PDRB x NFRB[! agnf}\bhdvrf agnf}\d~~zajr




Ja~kdy Clag Agnf}3

Ëgnabfr fg Lzdbhf

BZFD^F PVGATVFxJA^KDY[ AGNF] Pfrtvfkd'[agnf}\gdkfLG Pfrtvfkd'[~djhf\gdkf P~jh\dhadr[-blh\f}yzfrralg PDRB x NFRB[!

EZLK Pfrtvfkd'[~djhf\gdkf P~jh\dhadr[_MFZF blgna~alg Pagnf}\bhdvrf[ agnf}\d~~zajr



Bhvr~fz Agnf}3

Ëgnabfr fg Lzdbhf

BZFD^F PVGATVFxJA^KDY[ AGNF] Pfrtvfkd'[agnf}\gdkfLG BHVR^FZ Pfrtvfkd'[bhvr~fz\gdkf agnf}\d~~zajr

Técnicas de Optimización

Documents

Transcript of Técnicas de Optimización