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1. Investiga los siguientes conceptos:

1

Kernel: The kernel is the essential center of a computeroperating system, the core that provides

basic services for all other parts of the operating system. A synonym is nucleus. A kernel can be

contrasted with a shell, the outermost part of an operating system that interacts with user

commands.

2Microkernel: Its the model of the kernel in the OS that distribute portions of code in simple

modular operations required to build a virtual machine on the hardware of a computer system

3

Risc: (reduced instruction set computer) is a microprocessor that is designed to perform asmaller number of types of computer instructions so that it can operate at a higher speed

meaning that can perform more millions of instructions per second, or MIPS. Since each

instruction type that a computer must perform requires additional transistors and circuitry, a

larger list or set of computer instructions tends to make the microprocessor more complicatedand slower in operation.

4Cuanto:(Quantum) The period of time for which a process is allowed to run in a preemptive

multitasking system

5

Multiprogramacin: Multiprogramming is a rudimentary form of parallel processing in whichseveral programs are run at the same time on a uniprocessor. Since there is only one processor ,

there can be no true simultaneous execution of different programs. Instead, the operating system

executes part of one program, then part of another, and so on. To the user it appears that all

programs are executing at the same time.

6

Exokernel: Exokernel is an operating system developed at the Massachusetts Institute of

Technology that seeks to provide application-level management of hardware resources. Theexokernel architecture is designed to separate resource protection from management to facilitate

application-specific customization.

7 Interrupcin: An interrupt is a signal from a device attached to a computer or from a programwithin the computer that causes the main program that operates the computer OS to stop and

figure out what to do next.

8

Buffer: A buffer is a data area shared by hardware devices or program processes that operate at

different speeds or with different sets of priorities. The buffer allows each device or process to

operate without being held up by the other. In order for a buffer to be effective, the size of thebuffer and the algorithms for moving data into and out of the buffer need to be considered by the

buffer designer. Like a cache, a buffer is a "midpoint holding place" but exists not so much to

accelerate the speed of an activity as to support the coordination of separate activities.

9Despachador: A job scheduler is a program that enables an enterprise to schedule and, in some

cases, monitor computer "batch" jobs

10 operacin en lnea : Using peripherals that are connected to the processor.

11vector de interrupciones: is the memory location of an interrupt handler, which prioritizes

interrupts and saves them in a queue if more than one interrupt is waiting to be handled.

12

Polling: is the continuous checking of other programs or devices by one program or device to

see what state they are in, usually to see whether they are still connected or want to

communicate.

http://searchcio-midmarket.techtarget.com/definition/operating-systemhttp://searchenterpriselinux.techtarget.com/definition/shellhttp://searchenterpriselinux.techtarget.com/definition/shellhttp://searchcio-midmarket.techtarget.com/definition/operating-system

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13

Spool: To spool (which stands for "simultaneous peripheral operations online") a computerdocument or task list is to read it in and store it, usually on a hard disk or larger storage medium

so that it can be printed or otherwise processed at a more convenient time. One can envision

spooling as reeling a document or task list onto a spool of thread so that it can be unreeled at amore convenient time.

14cdigo transitorio : These are programs that are not loaded into memory, but are stored in thedisk drive or hard disk, for later use, they can be executed at any time from the command

prompt, as long as you keep in mind where located,

15

cdigo residente:These are programs that are transferred from the operating system to reside inmemory (RAM) and are located in the Command.com, which can be executed at any time from

the command prompt

16

cdigo re-entrante: Basically, write code so that it can be interrupted during a task to be

executed (reentered) again to perform another task, and then continue with your original task.

This normally includes the state information saved in local variables, instead of using static

variables or global variables.

17 cdigo relocalizable: Its the object code that run correctly regardless of the position where load.

18Proceso: is an instance of a program running in a computer. It is close in meaning to task, a termused in some operating systems.

18 Cache: is a place to store something temporarily.

20Hilo: a thread is placeholder information associated with a single use of a program that can

handle multiple concurrent users.

All information was obtained from:

Rouse, M. (2012, September 10). Computer dictionary. Retrieved fromhttp://whatis.techtarget.com/