Tablas y Diagramas de Tecnología Frigoríﬁca -...

Tablas y Diagramas de Tecnología FrigoríficaVersión 4.3 (mayo de 2015)

Juan Francisco Coronel Toro ([email protected])

Tablas y diagramas de tecnología frigorífica

Autor: Juan Francisco Coronel ToroProfesor Titular de UniversidadDpto. de Ingeniería Energética (Grupo Termotecnia)Universidad de Sevilla

Este documento está basado en versiones anteriores desarrolladas por:

□ D. Ramón Velázquez Vila□ D. José Guerra Macho□ D. Servando Álvarez Domínguez□ D. José Luis Molina Félix□ D. David Velázquez Alonso□ D. Luis Pérez-Lombard□ D. Juan F. Coronel Toro

Todos ellos pertenecientes al Grupo de Termotecnia.

Parte de la información ha sido tomada de las siguientes referencias:

! ASHRAE Handbook, Fundamentals 1997 SI Edition, Ed. ASHRAE (1997).

! COOLPACK, A collection of simulations tools for refrigeration, Versión 1.46, Department ofMechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, (2000).

! KLEIN, S.A. y ALVARADO, F.L., Engineering Equation Solver Software (EES), AcademiaVersión 6.271 (20-07-2001).

! RAMIREZ J.A. Refrigeración. Ediciones CEAC (1994)

! STOECKER, W.F. Industrial Refrigeration Handbook. 1st ed. McGraw Hill (1998)

! PINAZO OJER, J.M. Cálculos en Instalaciones Frigoríficas. 1ª ed. Servicio de Publicaciones dela Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (1995)

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Índice

1. Propiedades de los principales refrigerantes_____________________________________________3Tabla 1.1: Propiedades del R-717, líquido y vapor saturado_________________________________________3Tabla 1.2: Propiedades R-22, líquido y vapor saturado_____________________________________________4Tabla 1.3: Propiedades R-134a, líquido y vapor saturado___________________________________________5Tabla 1.4: Entalpía R-717, líquido y vapor no saturado_____________________________________________6Tabla 1.5: Entropía R-717, líquido y el vapor no saturado__________________________________________7Tabla 1.6: Volumen específico R-717, líquido y vapor no saturado___________________________________8Tabla 1.7: Entalpía R-22, líquido y vapor no saturado______________________________________________9Tabla 1.8: Entropía R-22, líquido y el vapor no saturado__________________________________________10Tabla 1.9: Volumen específico R-22, líquido y vapor no saturado____________________________________11Tabla 1.10: Entalpía R-134a, líquido y el vapor no saturado________________________________________12Tabla 1.11: Entropía R-134a, líquido y el vapor no saturado________________________________________13Tabla 1.12: Volumen esp. R-134a, líquido y el vapor no saturado____________________________________14

2. Tuberías y accesorios para refrigerantes_______________________________________________15Tabla 2.1: Dimensiones normalizadas en tuberías comerciales de cobre para refrigerantes________________15Tabla 2.2: Dimensiones normalizadas en tuberías comerciales de acero para refrigerantes________________15Gráfica 2.1: Ábaco de Moody_______________________________________________________________16Tabla 2.3: Coeficiente K de pérdida de presión en válvulas y accesorios______________________________17Tabla 2.4: Longitudes equivalentes (m) de pérdida de presión en válvulas y accesorios__________________18

3. Diagramas sicrométricos___________________________________________________________19Gráfica 3.1: Diagrama sicrométrico ASHRAE__________________________________________________19Gráfica 3.2: Diagrama sicrométrico ASHRAE para bajas temp._____________________________________20

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1. Propiedades de los principales refrigerantesTabla 1.1: Propiedades del R-717, líquido y vapor saturadoR-717, NH3, Amoniaco

T P ρl vg hl hg sl sg(°C) (kPa) (kg/ m³) (m³/kg) (kJ/kg) (kJ/kg) (kJ/kg·K) (kJ/kg·K)

-50 40.8 702.1 2.6289 -24.7 1391.2 0.094 6.440-48 45.9 699.7 2.3565 -16.0 1394.6 0.133 6.399-46 51.5 697.4 2.1169 -7.2 1397.9 0.172 6.358-44 57.6 695.0 1.9057 1.5 1401.3 0.211 6.319-42 64.3 692.6 1.7191 10.3 1404.5 0.249 6.281-40 71.7 690.2 1.5539 19.2 1407.8 0.287 6.243-38 79.7 687.7 1.4073 28.0 1411.0 0.324 6.206-36 88.4 685.3 1.2769 36.9 1414.1 0.362 6.170-34 97.9 682.8 1.1607 45.8 1417.2 0.399 6.134-32 108.2 680.3 1.0570 54.7 1420.3 0.436 6.099-30 119.4 677.8 0.9642 63.6 1423.3 0.473 6.065-28 131.5 675.3 0.8810 72.6 1426.3 0.510 6.032-26 144.6 672.8 0.8062 81.5 1429.2 0.546 5.999-24 158.6 670.3 0.7390 90.5 1432.1 0.582 5.967-22 173.8 667.7 0.6784 99.5 1434.9 0.618 5.935-20 190.1 665.1 0.6237 108.6 1437.7 0.654 5.904-18 207.6 662.6 0.5742 117.6 1440.4 0.689 5.874-16 226.3 660.0 0.5294 126.7 1443.1 0.725 5.844-14 246.4 657.3 0.4888 135.8 1445.7 0.760 5.814-12 267.9 654.7 0.4518 144.9 1448.2 0.795 5.785-10 290.8 652.1 0.4182 154.0 1450.7 0.829 5.757-8 315.2 649.4 0.3875 163.2 1453.1 0.864 5.729-6 341.2 646.7 0.3596 172.3 1455.5 0.898 5.701-4 368.9 644.0 0.3340 181.5 1457.8 0.932 5.674-2 398.3 641.3 0.3106 190.8 1460.1 0.966 5.6470 429.6 638.6 0.2892 200.0 1462.2 1.000 5.6212 462.6 635.8 0.2695 209.3 1464.3 1.034 5.5954 497.7 633.1 0.2514 218.6 1466.4 1.067 5.5696 534.8 630.3 0.2348 227.9 1468.4 1.100 5.5448 573.9 627.5 0.2195 237.2 1470.3 1.133 5.519

10 615.3 624.6 0.2053 246.6 1472.1 1.166 5.49412 658.9 621.8 0.1923 256.0 1473.9 1.199 5.47014 704.9 618.9 0.1802 265.4 1475.5 1.232 5.44616 753.3 616.0 0.1691 274.8 1477.2 1.264 5.42218 804.2 613.1 0.1587 284.3 1478.7 1.297 5.39920 857.8 610.2 0.1491 293.8 1480.1 1.329 5.37622 914.0 607.2 0.1402 303.3 1481.5 1.361 5.35324 972.9 604.3 0.1320 312.9 1482.8 1.393 5.33026 1034.8 601.3 0.1243 322.5 1484.0 1.425 5.30728 1099.5 598.2 0.1171 332.1 1485.1 1.456 5.28530 1167.4 595.2 0.1104 341.8 1486.2 1.488 5.26332 1238.3 592.1 0.1042 351.5 1487.1 1.520 5.24134 1312.5 589.0 0.0984 361.2 1488.0 1.551 5.21936 1390.0 585.8 0.0930 371.0 1488.7 1.582 5.19838 1470.9 582.6 0.0879 380.8 1489.4 1.613 5.17640 1555.3 579.4 0.0831 390.6 1489.9 1.645 5.15542 1643.3 576.2 0.0786 400.5 1490.4 1.676 5.13444 1735.1 572.9 0.0745 410.5 1490.7 1.707 5.11346 1830.6 569.6 0.0705 420.5 1491.0 1.737 5.09248 1930.0 566.3 0.0668 430.5 1491.1 1.768 5.07150 2033.5 562.9 0.0634 440.6 1491.1 1.799 5.05052 2141.0 559.4 0.0601 450.8 1491.0 1.830 5.02954 2252.8 556.0 0.0570 461.0 1490.8 1.860 5.00856 2368.9 552.4 0.0541 471.2 1490.5 1.891 4.98858 2489.4 548.9 0.0514 481.6 1490.0 1.922 4.96760 2614.5 545.2 0.0488 492.0 1489.4 1.952 4.94662 2744.2 541.6 0.0464 502.4 1488.6 1.983 4.92664 2878.7 537.8 0.0441 513.0 1487.7 2.014 4.90566 3018.1 534.1 0.0419 523.6 1486.6 2.044 4.88468 3162.5 530.2 0.0398 534.3 1485.4 2.075 4.86370 3312.0 526.3 0.0379 545.0 1484.1 2.105 4.842

Fuente: Tillner-Roth, Harms-Watzenberg, and Baehr, Eine neue Fundamentalgleichung fur Ammoniak, DKV-Tagungsbericht 20:167-181,1993.

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Tabla 1.2: Propiedades R-22, líquido y vapor saturadoR-22, CHClF2, Clorodifluormetano


-50 64.5 1435.4 0.3236 143.6 383.2 0.773 1.847-48 71.4 1429.7 0.2943 145.8 384.1 0.783 1.842-46 78.9 1423.9 0.2682 147.9 385.1 0.793 1.837-44 87.0 1418.2 0.2448 150.1 386.0 0.802 1.832-42 95.8 1412.4 0.2239 152.3 387.0 0.812 1.827-40 105.2 1406.5 0.2051 154.5 387.9 0.821 1.822-38 115.4 1400.7 0.1882 156.7 388.9 0.831 1.818-36 126.3 1394.8 0.1729 159.0 389.8 0.840 1.813-34 138.0 1388.9 0.1592 161.2 390.7 0.849 1.809-32 150.5 1382.9 0.1467 163.4 391.6 0.859 1.805-30 163.9 1376.9 0.1354 165.6 392.5 0.868 1.801-28 178.2 1370.9 0.1252 167.9 393.4 0.877 1.797-26 193.5 1364.8 0.1159 170.1 394.3 0.886 1.793-24 209.7 1358.7 0.1074 172.4 395.2 0.895 1.789-22 227.0 1352.6 0.0997 174.6 396.1 0.904 1.786-20 245.4 1346.4 0.0926 176.9 396.9 0.913 1.782-18 264.8 1340.1 0.0862 179.2 397.8 0.922 1.779-16 285.5 1333.8 0.0802 181.4 398.6 0.931 1.775-14 307.4 1327.5 0.0748 183.7 399.5 0.939 1.772-12 330.5 1321.1 0.0698 186.0 400.3 0.948 1.769-10 354.9 1314.7 0.0652 188.3 401.1 0.957 1.765-8 380.6 1308.2 0.0610 190.6 401.9 0.966 1.762-6 407.8 1301.6 0.0571 193.0 402.7 0.974 1.759-4 436.4 1295.0 0.0535 195.3 403.5 0.983 1.756-2 466.5 1288.3 0.0502 197.6 404.2 0.991 1.7530 498.1 1281.6 0.0471 200.0 405.0 1.000 1.7502 531.4 1274.8 0.0442 202.4 405.7 1.009 1.7484 566.2 1268.0 0.0416 204.7 406.4 1.017 1.7456 602.8 1261.0 0.0391 207.1 407.2 1.025 1.7428 641.1 1254.0 0.0368 209.5 407.8 1.034 1.739

10 681.2 1247.0 0.0347 211.9 408.5 1.042 1.73712 723.1 1239.8 0.0327 214.3 409.2 1.051 1.73414 766.9 1232.6 0.0308 216.8 409.8 1.059 1.73116 812.7 1225.2 0.0291 219.2 410.5 1.067 1.72918 860.5 1217.8 0.0275 221.7 411.1 1.076 1.72620 910.3 1210.3 0.0260 224.2 411.7 1.084 1.72422 962.3 1202.7 0.0246 226.6 412.2 1.092 1.72124 1016.4 1195.0 0.0232 229.1 412.8 1.101 1.71926 1072.7 1187.2 0.0220 231.7 413.3 1.109 1.71628 1131.3 1179.3 0.0208 234.2 413.8 1.117 1.71430 1192.3 1171.2 0.0197 236.8 414.3 1.126 1.71132 1255.6 1163.1 0.0187 239.3 414.7 1.134 1.70934 1321.4 1154.8 0.0177 241.9 415.2 1.142 1.70636 1389.8 1146.3 0.0168 244.5 415.6 1.150 1.70438 1460.6 1137.8 0.0159 247.2 415.9 1.159 1.70140 1534.1 1129.0 0.0151 249.8 416.3 1.167 1.69942 1610.3 1120.2 0.0143 252.5 416.6 1.175 1.69644 1689.3 1111.1 0.0136 255.2 416.9 1.184 1.69346 1771.1 1101.8 0.0129 257.9 417.1 1.192 1.69148 1855.7 1092.4 0.0122 260.6 417.3 1.200 1.68850 1943.3 1082.7 0.0116 263.4 417.5 1.209 1.68552 2034.0 1072.9 0.0110 266.2 417.6 1.217 1.68354 2127.7 1062.7 0.0105 269.1 417.7 1.225 1.68056 2224.6 1052.3 0.0099 271.9 417.7 1.234 1.67758 2324.7 1041.7 0.0094 274.8 417.7 1.242 1.67460 2428.1 1030.7 0.0090 277.8 417.6 1.251 1.67162 2534.9 1019.3 0.0085 280.8 417.5 1.260 1.66764 2645.2 1007.6 0.0081 283.8 417.3 1.268 1.66466 2759.0 995.5 0.0076 286.9 417.0 1.277 1.66168 2876.4 982.9 0.0072 290.0 416.6 1.286 1.65770 2997.7 969.8 0.0068 293.2 416.1 1.295 1.653

Fuente: Wagner W., Marx V. y Prob A. , A New Equation of State for Chlorodifluoromethane covering the entire fluid region from 116 K to550 K at pressures up to 200 MPa, Int. J. Refrig, 16:373, 1993.

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Tabla 1.3: Propiedades R-134a, líquido y vapor saturadoR-134a, CH2F-CF3, 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoretano


-50 29.5 1446.3 0.6056 135.7 367.6 0.741 1.780-48 33.1 1440.6 0.5436 138.2 368.9 0.752 1.777-46 37.0 1434.9 0.4891 140.6 370.2 0.763 1.774-44 41.4 1429.2 0.4410 143.1 371.5 0.774 1.770-42 46.1 1423.5 0.3985 145.6 372.7 0.785 1.767-40 51.2 1417.7 0.3608 148.1 374.0 0.796 1.764-38 56.9 1411.9 0.3273 150.7 375.3 0.806 1.761-36 62.9 1406.1 0.2975 153.2 376.5 0.817 1.759-34 69.6 1400.2 0.2709 155.7 377.8 0.828 1.756-32 76.7 1394.3 0.2471 158.2 379.1 0.838 1.754-30 84.4 1388.4 0.2258 160.8 380.3 0.849 1.751-28 92.8 1382.4 0.2067 163.3 381.6 0.859 1.749-26 101.7 1376.5 0.1895 165.9 382.8 0.869 1.747-24 111.4 1370.4 0.1739 168.5 384.1 0.880 1.745-22 121.7 1364.4 0.1600 171.1 385.3 0.890 1.743-20 132.8 1358.3 0.1473 173.6 386.5 0.900 1.741-18 144.7 1352.1 0.1358 176.2 387.8 0.910 1.740-16 157.4 1345.9 0.1254 178.8 389.0 0.921 1.738-14 170.9 1339.7 0.1160 181.4 390.2 0.931 1.736-12 185.4 1333.4 0.1074 184.1 391.4 0.941 1.735-10 200.7 1327.1 0.0995 186.7 392.7 0.951 1.733-8 217.1 1320.8 0.0924 189.3 393.9 0.961 1.732-6 234.4 1314.3 0.0858 192.0 395.1 0.971 1.731-4 252.9 1307.9 0.0798 194.6 396.2 0.980 1.729-2 272.4 1301.4 0.0743 197.3 397.4 0.990 1.7280 293.0 1294.8 0.0693 200.0 398.6 1.000 1.7272 314.8 1288.1 0.0646 202.7 399.8 1.010 1.7264 337.9 1281.4 0.0603 205.4 400.9 1.019 1.7256 362.2 1274.7 0.0564 208.1 402.1 1.029 1.7248 387.9 1267.9 0.0528 210.8 403.2 1.039 1.723

10 414.9 1261.0 0.0494 213.6 404.3 1.048 1.72212 443.3 1254.0 0.0463 216.3 405.4 1.058 1.72114 473.2 1246.9 0.0434 219.1 406.5 1.068 1.72016 504.6 1239.8 0.0407 221.9 407.6 1.077 1.72018 537.5 1232.6 0.0383 224.7 408.7 1.087 1.71920 572.1 1225.3 0.0360 227.5 409.7 1.096 1.71822 608.3 1218.0 0.0338 230.3 410.8 1.106 1.71724 646.2 1210.5 0.0318 233.1 411.8 1.115 1.71626 685.8 1202.9 0.0300 236.0 412.8 1.125 1.71628 727.3 1195.2 0.0282 238.8 413.8 1.134 1.71530 770.6 1187.5 0.0266 241.7 414.8 1.143 1.71432 815.9 1179.6 0.0251 244.6 415.8 1.153 1.71434 863.1 1171.6 0.0237 247.5 416.7 1.162 1.71336 912.4 1163.4 0.0224 250.5 417.6 1.172 1.71238 963.7 1155.2 0.0211 253.4 418.5 1.181 1.71240 1017.1 1146.7 0.0200 256.4 419.4 1.190 1.71142 1072.8 1138.2 0.0189 259.4 420.3 1.200 1.71044 1130.7 1129.5 0.0178 262.4 421.1 1.209 1.71046 1190.9 1120.6 0.0169 265.5 421.9 1.219 1.70948 1253.6 1111.5 0.0159 268.5 422.7 1.228 1.70850 1318.6 1102.3 0.0151 271.6 423.4 1.237 1.70752 1386.2 1092.9 0.0143 274.7 424.1 1.247 1.70654 1456.3 1083.2 0.0135 277.9 424.8 1.256 1.70556 1529.0 1073.4 0.0128 281.1 425.4 1.266 1.70458 1604.5 1063.2 0.0121 284.3 426.0 1.275 1.70360 1682.8 1052.9 0.0114 287.5 426.6 1.285 1.70262 1763.8 1042.2 0.0108 290.8 427.1 1.294 1.70164 1847.9 1031.3 0.0102 294.1 427.6 1.304 1.70066 1934.9 1020.0 0.0097 297.4 428.0 1.314 1.69968 2025.0 1008.3 0.0091 300.8 428.3 1.323 1.69770 2118.2 996.3 0.0086 304.3 428.6 1.333 1.695

Fuente: R. Tillner-Roth and H.D. Baehr, An International Standard Formulation for the Thermodynamic Properties of 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) for Temperatures from 170 K to 455 K and Pressures up to 70 MPa , J. Phys. Chem, Ref. Data, Vol. 23, No. 5,1994.

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Tabla 1.4: Entalpía R-717, líquido y vapor no saturado h (kJ/kg), R-717, NH3, Amoniaco

6


Tabla 1.5: Entropía R-717, líquido y el vapor no saturados (kJ/kg·K), R-717, NH3, Amoniaco

7


Tabla 1.6: Volumen específico R-717, líquido y vapor no saturadov (m³/kg), R-717, NH3, Amoniaco

8


Tabla 1.7: Entalpía R-22, líquido y vapor no saturado h (kJ/kg), R-22, CHClF2, Clorodifluormetano

9


Tabla 1.8: Entropía R-22, líquido y el vapor no saturados (kJ/kg·K), R-22, CHClF2, Clorodifluormetano

10


Tabla 1.9: Volumen específico R-22, líquido y vapor no saturadov (m³/kg), R-22, CHClF2, Clorodifluormetano

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Tabla 1.10: Entalpía R-134a, líquido y el vapor no saturadoh (kJ/kg), R-134a, CH2F-CF3, 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoretano

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Tabla 1.11: Entropía R-134a, líquido y el vapor no saturados (kJ/kg·K), R-134a, CH2F-CF3, 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoretano

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Tabla 1.12: Volumen esp. R-134a, líquido y el vapor no saturadov (m³/kg), R-134a, CH2F-CF3, 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoretano

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2. Tuberías y accesorios para refrigerantesTabla 2.1: Dimensiones normalizadas en tuberías comerciales de cobre para refrigerantes

Rollo de tubo Barra de tuboDiámetronominal

Dext Dext esp esp Dint Dint esp esp Dint Dint

(pulgada) (mm) (pulgada) (mm) (pulgada) (mm) (pulgada) (mm) (pulgada) (mm)3/16" 0.1875 4.763 0.030 0.762 0.1275 3.239 1/4" 0.2500 6.350 0.030 0.762 0.1900 4.826 5/16" 0.3125 7.938 0.030 0.762 0.2525 6.414 3/8" 0.3750 9.525 0.030 0.762 0.3150 8.001 0.030 0.762 0.315 8.0011/2" 0.5000 12.700 0.030 0.762 0.4400 11.176 0.030 0.762 0.440 11.1765/8" 0.6250 15.875 0.032 0.813 0.5610 14.249 0.030 0.762 0.565 14.3513/4" 0.7500 19.050 0.035 0.889 0.6800 17.272 0.032 0.813 0.686 17.4247/8" 0.8750 22.225 0.035 0.889 0.8050 20.447 0.032 0.813 0.811 20.5991" 1.0000 25.400 0.035 0.889 0.930 23.6221-1/8" 1.1250 28.575 0.040 1.016 1.045 26.5431-3/8" 1.3750 34.925 0.042 1.067 1.291 32.7911-5/8" 1.6250 41.275 0.050 1.270 1.525 38.7352-1/8" 2.1250 53.975 0.060 1.524 2.005 50.9272-5/8" 2.6250 66.675 0.071 1.803 2.483 63.0683-1/8" 3.1250 79.375 0.071 1.803 2.983 75.7683-5/8" 3.6250 92.075 0.080 2.032 3.465 88.011Fuente: Tarifas Salvador Escoda S.A., Mayo 2001

Tabla 2.2: Dimensiones normalizadas en tuberías comerciales de acero para refrigerantes

Diámetronominal

Dext esp Dint (mm) (mm) (mm)

1/8" 10.2 2.00 6.21/4" 13.5 2.35 8.83/8" 17.2 2.35 12.51/2" 21.3 2.65 16.03/4" 26.9 2.65 21.61" 33.7 3.25 27.21-1/4" 42.4 3.25 35.91-1/2" 48.3 3.25 41.82" 60.3 3.65 53.02-1/2" 76.1 3.65 68.83" 88.9 4.05 80.83-1/2" 101.6 4.05 93.54" 114.3 4.50 105.35" 139.7 4.85 130.06" 165.1 4.85 155.4Fuente: Acero norma DIN 2440

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Gráfica 2.1: Ábaco de Moody

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Tabla 2.3: Coeficiente K de pérdida de presión en válvulas y accesorios

Tuberías roscadasDiámetro Codo Curva Codo Codo doble T rama T rama Válvula Válvula Válvula Válvula nóninal (mm) 90° 90° 45° 180° alineada derivada esférica compuerta ángulo retención10 2.50 - 0.38 2.50 0.90 2.70 20.00 0.40 - 8.0015 2.10 - 0.37 2.10 0.90 2.40 14.00 0.33 - 5.5020 1.70 0.92 0.35 1.70 0.90 2.10 10.00 0.28 6.10 3.7025 1.50 0.78 0.34 1.50 0.90 1.80 9.00 0.24 4.60 3.0032 1.30 0.65 0.33 1.30 0.90 1.70 8.50 0.22 3.60 2.7040 1.20 0.54 0.32 1.20 0.90 1.60 8.00 0.19 2.90 2.5050 1.00 0.42 0.31 1.00 0.90 1.40 7.00 0.17 2.10 2.3065 0.85 0.35 0.30 0.85 0.90 1.30 6.50 0.16 1.60 2.2080 0.80 0.31 0.29 0.80 0.90 1.20 6.00 0.14 1.30 2.10100 0.70 0.24 0.28 0.70 0.90 1.10 5.70 0.12 1.00 2.00

Tuberías soldadasDiámetro Codo Curva Curva Codo doble T rama T rama Válvula Válvula Válvula Válvula nóninal (mm) 90° 90° 45° 180° alineada derivada esférica compuerta ángulo retención25 0.43 0.41 0.22 0.43 0.26 1.00 13.00 - 4.80 2.0032 0.41 0.37 0.22 0.41 0.25 0.95 12.00 - 3.70 2.0040 0.40 0.35 0.21 0.40 0.23 0.90 10.00 - 3.00 2.0050 0.38 0.30 0.20 0.38 0.20 0.84 9.00 0.34 2.50 2.0065 0.35 0.28 0.19 0.35 0.18 0.79 8.00 0.27 2.30 2.0080 0.34 0.25 0.18 0.34 0.17 0.76 7.00 0.22 2.20 2.00100 0.31 0.22 0.18 0.31 0.15 0.70 6.50 0.16 2.10 2.00150 0.29 0.18 0.17 0.29 0.12 0.62 6.00 0.10 2.10 2.00200 0.27 0.16 0.17 0.27 0.10 0.58 5.70 0.08 2.10 2.00250 0.25 0.14 0.16 0.25 0.09 0.53 5.70 0.06 2.10 2.00300 0.24 0.13 0.16 0.24 0.08 0.50 5.70 0.05 2.10 2.00

Fuente: Fundamentals ASHRAE - 1997, Capítulo 33.

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Tabla 2.4: Longitudes equivalentes (m) de pérdida de presión en válvulas y accesorios

Tuberías de acero comercialDiámetro Codo Curva Curva Codo doble T rama T rama Válvula Válvula Válvula Válvula nóninal 90° 90° 45° 180° alineada derivada esférica compuerta ángulo retención1/2" 0.48 0.24 0.25 0.80 0.33 0.98 5.44 0.13 2.40 1.603/4" 0.65 0.32 0.35 1.08 0.44 1.33 7.34 0.17 3.24 2.151" 0.82 0.41 0.43 1.36 0.55 1.64 9.25 0.22 4.08 2.721-1/4" 1.01 0.54 0.57 1.80 0.74 2.22 12.21 0.29 5.39 3.591-1/2" 1.25 0.63 0.67 2.09 0.86 2.57 14.21 0.33 6.27 4.182" 1.59 0.79 0.85 2.65 1.04 3.12 18.02 0.42 7.95 5.302-1/2" 2.06 1.03 1.10 3.44 1.36 4.08 23.39 0.55 10.32 6.873" 2.42 1.21 1.29 4.04 1.66 4.98 27.47 0.65 12.12 8.074" 3.16 1.58 1.68 5.27 2.17 6.51 35.80 0.84 15.80 10.525" 3.90 1.95 2.08 6.50 2.64 7.92 44.20 1.04 19.50 13.006" 4.66 2.33 2.49 7.70 3.07 9.22 52.84 1.24 23.31 15.54

Tuberías de cobreDiámetro Codo Curva Curva Codo doble T rama T rama Válvula Válvula Válvula Válvula nóninal 90° 90° 45° 180° alineada derivada esférica compuerta ángulo retención1/2" 0.33 0.17 0.10 0.56 0.22 0.67 3.79 0.09 1.67 1.125/8" 0.43 0.22 0.13 0.72 0.29 0.87 4.92 0.12 2.17 1.457/8" 0.62 0.31 0.19 1.04 0.42 1.25 7.07 0.17 3.12 2.081-1/8" 0.83 0.41 0.26 1.38 0.55 1.66 3.39 0.22 4.14 2.761-3/8" 1.01 0.51 0.31 1.69 0.68 2.03 11.49 0.27 5.07 3.381-5/8" 1.21 0.60 0.37 2.02 0.81 2.42 13.72 0.32 6.05 4.032-1/8" 1.61 0.80 0.49 2.68 1.07 3.21 18.21 0.43 8.03 5.352-5/8" 2.01 1.00 0.62 3.35 1.34 4.02 22.78 0.54 10.05 6.70

Fuente: "Cálculos en Instalaciones Frigoríficas", J.M. Pinazo Ojer, Universidad Politecnica de Valencia

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3. Diagramas sicrométricosGráfica 3.1: Diagrama sicrométrico ASHRAE

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R R

ASHRAE PSYCHROMETRIC CHART NO.1NORMAL TEMPERATURE

BAROMETRIC PRESSURE: 101.325 kPaCopyright 1992

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGINEERS, INC.

SEA LEVEL

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R R

ASHRAE PSYCHROMETRIC CHART NO.1NORMAL TEMPERATURE

BAROMETRIC PRESSURE: 101.325 kPaCopyright 1992

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGINEERS, INC.

SEA LEVEL


Gráfica 3.2: Diagrama sicrométrico ASHRAE para bajas temp.

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