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STOP WATER, STOP CORROSION = STOPAQ

The Dutch know water

Amorphous Stopaq material, Material in which there is no long-range order of

the positions of the atoms, it forms no crystalline

regions.

Amorphous Stopaq material, Generates no stress due to crystallization or

physical aging.

Amorphous Stopaq material, Fluid like behavior due to Glass Transition

Temperature lower than –50C

Stopaq is a fully Amorphous Visco Elastic Coating

• n = 180 – 650

• Covalent bonds only

• No sensitive chemical groups

• Just Carbon and Hydrogen

• No possibility to crosslink

the polymer chain

Intrinsic properties of polyisobutene

Stopaq consists of a pure polymer

called Polyisobutene

Properties of polyisobutene based Wrappingband

Physical property Intrinsic target effect

Polymer consists only of Carbon and

Hydrogen

Chemically very resistant, not bio-

available, non-toxic, inert, amorphous

No double bonds or other chemical

functions for crosslinking reactions

Remains visco-elastic forever,

cold flow (self-healing) effect, no ageing

effect

Adhesion strength to metal and metal

oxides

High, sticks to nearly every material

Cohesion strength to itself Weaker than adhesion strength

Tacky without solvent Physical bonding mechanism (van-der-

Waals forces)

Extremely low permeability for moisture

and oxygene & air

Safe protection against corrosion,

no penetration or undercreep of

moisture and oxygene possible

Fe Reagent ° water

° Salt

° Any conductive material

O2

or

Bacteria

STOPAQ acts as an absolute barrier

Corrosion elements

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Coating defects (1)

Loss of adhesion at

overlap of tape

Poor application of heat shrinkable

sleeve

Damage caused by

soil loading Stone damage

Stress cracking

Mechanical damage

Pictures taken from:

Macaw’s Pipeline Defects, ISBN 0-9544295-0-8

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Coating defects (2)

Cathodic disbondment Mechanical damage

“Leopard spot” (salt residues, osmosis)

Inclusions

Pinholes

Foaming

Blisters

Pictures taken from:

Macaw’s Pipeline Defects, ISBN 0-9544295-0-8

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Stopaq coating systems – Brief introduction

Consists of at least 2 materials with different functions:

• Corrosion prevention: Stopaq Wrappingband CZH

• Mechanical protection: Stopaq Outer Mechanical Protection options

Girth

weld

Linepipe

Coating

Coating

cutback

Stopaq Wrappingband

CZH Stopaq Mechanical

Outer Protection

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Stopaq coating systems – Brief introduction

Stopaq Wrappingband CZH:

Compound based on pure polyisobutylene, which has a number of advantageous

properties:

• Liquid with high viscosity:

→ cold flow properties, advantageous for 100% coverage

• Very low permeability for water and oxygen:

→ advantageous for corrosion prevention

• No reactive chemical groups:

→ chemical resistance, resistance to ageing and weathering

• Adhesion by vanderWaals forces:

→ Surface preparation not critical for proper adhesion

→ Excellent adhesion to various subtrates like steel, PE, PP, FBE, etc at

molecular level thereby preventing undercreep and disbondment.

What is important in a system?

System must be highly impermeable, (gas, water and oxygen tight)

System must have excellent adhesion & cohesion, to any

substrate.

System should not disbond.

System should not create internal stress,

System must have excellent UV and weathering characteristics

System must conform to any shape

System must have resistance to mechanical impact and ideally

when damaged self-heal

System must be safe to work with – easy to apply

System should not be critical to surface preparation

System must be environmentally friendly

System must be Chemically resistant

System must withstand the test of time

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Testing of resistance to cathodic disbondment – STOPAQ

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

“Conventional”

coatings

Stopaq

coating

systems

> 20 mm

0 mm (-3 mm)

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Coating ageing tests – Stopaq coating systems SHELL GLOBAL SOLUTIONS

Coating system:

• Stopaq Wrappingband CZH

• Stopaq Outerwrap PVC

HWI 100 days @90°C

• Adhesion test: 100%

• Self healing: 100% within 24 hrs.

Conclusion:

Even after severe ageing, Stopaq

coating systems will not show

cathodic disbondment.

Values compared to non-aged samples

• Self healing

• Cold Flow

• Permanently flexible

• Non curing

• Non ageing

Green composition

Protected by

Tape,Sleeve,

PU-infill,

Concrete,

GRE, paint

PE etc

Self-healing systems

Flanges, Valves,

Joints, T-joints

Jetty piles, Oil wells

Casings,Tanks,

Manholes, Risers,

CP anodes, etc

Pipeline objects

WHY – HOW – WHAT: STOPAQ

• Pure PIB based

• No double bonds

• Excellent balance in adhesion and cohesion by itself

• TG of -67c (visco-elastic behaviour)

Properties Features Benefits

• Non-cross-linkable

• Immediate and permanent

stick to steel, PE,PP, FBE

PU, Bitugard etc

• Chemically inert

• High dielectric strength

• Impermeable

• Good insulation properties

• Flexible

• Cold applied

• HT resistance 95c

• Non-toxic

• Safe & harmless

• Simple to apply; no primer

• No blasting required

• Immediate backfill

• No cathodic disbondment

• No osmosis

• No mic

• Self-healing systems

INTRINSIC COATING TECHNOLOGY DRIVEN

Approvals....some

Shell BV - Holland

Saudi Aramco - KSA

Exxon/Mobil - USA

Petro Energy - Sudan

Esso – Germany

Oman Gas Company

GNPOC – Sudan

TOTAL

Gasunie - Holland

Conoco Philips – USA

PDO Shell - Oman

Wingas - Germany

SNGPL - Pakistan

Permex - Mexico

Gasco / Adnoc - U.A.E.

Wintershall BV – Holland / Libya

BP – Azerbaijan

SHELL Global Solutions

tested and approved

KIWA-Certified

TUV certified

NSF Drinking Water certified

OVGW Austria certified

PSCG, University Groningen

ISO approval and inclusion

Extensively tested

Some examples:

Stopaq System applications

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11

10

12 7

3 4 12

6 5

8

1

2

Jetty piles

Repairs

Tank application

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Specials

Field Joints

Pipe rehab

Linepipe

Splashzone and Subsea

Storage Tanks

LATEST TECHNOLOGY

Factory applied

Linepipe Coatings

GRE Outer mechanical

high chemical resistance

2LPE High density

polyethylene outer

mechanical protection

SA Projects