Sistema Inmune Del Camaron

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UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA DE MACHALA DIRECCIÓN DE NIVELACIÓN Y ADMISIÓN SISTEMA NACIONAL DE NIVELACIÓN Y ADMISIÓN PROYECTO INTEGRADOR DE SABERES CARRERA DE INGENIERIA ACUICOLA TITULO: PROYECTO DE AULA TEMA: FORTALECIMIENTO DEL SISTEMA INMUNOLOGICO DEL CAMARÓN AUTORES Borrero Ramírez Nixon Ariel Noroña Gómez Ricardo Andrés Prieto Sarango Jefferson David Sánchez Cordovilla Luis Fernando Tello Espinoza Darwin Alexander DOCENTE EDISON AGUILAR MACHALA

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Transcript of Sistema Inmune Del Camaron

UNIVERSIDAD TCNICA DE MACHALADIRECCIN DE NIVELACIN Y ADMISINSISTEMA NACIONAL DE NIVELACIN Y ADMISINPROYECTO INTEGRADOR DE SABERESCARRERA DE INGENIERIA ACUICOLATITULO: PROYECTO DE AULATEMA: FORTALECIMIENTO DEL SISTEMA INMUNOLOGICO DEL CAMARNAUTORESBorrero Ramrez Nio! Arie"Noro#a G$mez Ri%ar&o A!&r'(Prie)o Sara!*o +e,,er(o! Da-i&S.!%/ez Cor&o-i""a L0i( Fer!a!&o Te""o E(1i!oza Dar2i! A"ea!&er DOCENTEEDISON AGUILARMACHALA2015NDICEINTRODUCCIN.............................................................................................. - 6 -3434 ANTECEDENTES DE LA PROBLEM5TICA...................................................- 6 -343434 Co!)e)0a"iza%i$! &e "a 1ro6"em.)i%a e! ,0!%i$! &e (0 /i()oria...........................- 6 -343474 Im1or)a!%ia (o%ia" (o6re "a 1ro6"em.)i%a......................................................- 7 -343484 Re,ere!)e( 0!i-er(a"e( (o6re "a 1ro6"em.)i%a.................................................- 7 -343494 Re,ere!)e !a%io!a" (o6re "a 1ro6"em.)i%a : (0 re"a%i$! %o! e" 1"a! &e" 60e! -i-ir....- 8 -1.2. PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA............................................................- 8 -1.3. OBJETIVOS................................................................................................ - 8 -348434 O6;e)i-o *e!era"....................................................................................... - 8 -348474 O6;e)i-o( e(1e%,i%o(................................................................................. - 9 -2. DESARROLLO.............................................................................................. - 9 -7434 Si()ema %o!%e1)0a"...................................................................................... - 9 -7474 DESCRIPCIN DEL LUGAR......................................................................- 14 -2.3. DETERMINACION DE LA VARIABLE.........................................................- 16 -748434 -aria6"e i!&e1e!&ie!)e4............................................................................. - 16 -749474 -aria6"e &e1e!&ie!)e................................................................................ - 16 -7494 Me)o&o"o*a &e "a i!-e()i*a%i$!....................................................................- 16 -749434 Se"e%%i$! )'%!i%a &e re%o"e%%i$! &e &a)o(......................................................- 16 -749474 U!i-er(o : m0e()ra.................................................................................. - 17 -740ia................................................................................... - 26 -849484 Dire%%i$!.............................................................................................. - 26 -849494 I!()i)0%i$!............................................................................................. - 26 -3.5. B!"#$#%'(.............................................................................................. - 26 -840e e()e 10e&a 6e!e,i%iar &e 0!a ma!era *e!era" a "a (o%ie&a&A %omo )am6i'! a "a e%o!oma &e" 1a( a:0&a!&o &e %ier)a ,orma "o( i!*re(o( &e" mi(mo41.1.3. R"&!-( /!#9&(%0( ('5& 0% 4&'5067-#$% Ta!)o e! E%0a&or %omo e! o)ro( 1a(e( &e" %o!)i!e!)e e()a 1ro6"em.)i%a re1er%0)e &e i*0a" o 1eor ma!era4E(1e%,i%ame!)e e! e" 1a( &e M'i%o&o!&e E" &o%)or H'%)or Ca()i""o +0.rezA 1ro,e(orHi!-e()i*a&or &e" De1ar)ame!)o &e Pro&0%%i$! A*r%o"a : A!ima" &e "a U!i-er(i&a& A0)$!oma Me)ro1o"i)a!a IUAMJA ;0!)o %o! o)ro( e(1e%ia"i()a(A rea"iza e()0&io( &e me;oramie!)o *e!')i%o &e "ar-a( &e %amar$!4 Me&ia!)e 0! a%0er&o %o! Mari%0")0ra &e" Pa%,i%o S4A4 &e C4V4 Ke" 1ri!%i1a" "a6ora)orio 1ro&0%)or &e "ar-a( &e e()e )i1o &e %r0().%eo( e! M'i%oKA (e ""e-a a %a6o e" 1ro:e%)o &e i!-e()i*a%i$! Se"e%%i$! *e!')i%a &e" %amar$! 6"a!%o &e" Pa%,i%o ILi)o1e!ae0( -a!!ameiJ e! M'i%o4Se 60(%a me;orar "a "ar-a &e" %amar$! me&ia!)e "a *e!')i%a : a( (e ,or)a"ez%a e" (i()ema i!m0!o"$*i%o4O)ro 1ro6"ema (imi"ar o%0rre e! Co()a Ri%a &o!&e (e rea"iza! i!-e()i*a%io!e( e! "a 0!i-er(i&a& &e Co()a Ri%a 1or 1ar)e &e Ne"(o! Pe#a Na-arro 1ara &emo()rar >0e (e 10e&e me;orar e" (i()ema i!m0!o"$*i%o 1or me&io &e 1ro&0%)o( !a)0ra"e(41.1.4. R"&!- !%$#'!%0 : 0'$%0 ('5& 0% 4&'5067-#$% : (/ &0%$#2! $'! 0 40%! 30 5/! 9#9#& E" %amar$! e( 0! 1ro&0%)o %o! 0!a &ema!&a m0: *ra!&e a !i-e" !a%io!a" "o >0e (e 60(%ae( "o*rar ma:orizar (0 re(i()e!%ia ,re!)e a %0a">0ier e!,erme&a& -ira"4 Gra%ia( a "a )ra!(,ere!%ia &e %o!o%imie!)o( &e"o( &o%e!)e( &e "a i!()i)0%i$! &e e&0%a%i$! (01erior UTMACH : "a i!-e()i*a%i$! 6i6"io*r.,i%a a )ra-'( &e &i,ere!)e( me&io(A /emo( 1o&i&o a&>0irir i!,orma%i$! !e%e(aria 1ara ""e-ar a %a6o e()e *ra! 71ro:e%)o i!!o-a&or4 De e()a ,orma (e /a 1ro:e%)a&o e" %0m1"imie!)o &e "a mi(i$! &e e()a i!()i)0%i$!4Co! e()e 1ro:e%)o (e i!%reme!)ar. "a ma)riz 1ro&0%)i-a &e" 1ro1ie)ario : e" (e%)or %amaro!eroA me;orar. "a %a"i&a& &e -i&aA e im1"eme!)ar. m.( ,0e!)e( &e )ra6a;o4 Co!)ri60:e!&o a" 60e! -i-ir &e )o&a( : )o&o( "o( e%0a)oria!o(4 1.2. PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA LC$mo 1o&ramo( ,or)a"e%er e" (i()ema i!m0!o"$*i%o &e "a "ar-a &e %amar$! 1ara "o*rar>0e (ea m.( re(i()e!)e a &i-er(a( e!,erme&a&e(M1.3. OBJETIVOS1.3.1. O5;-#9' 0e !o( 1ermi)a i&e!)i,i%ar e" me;or m')o&o >0e ,or)a"ez%a (0 (i()ema i!m0!e4 1.3.2. O5;-#9'( (4$="#$'( E()0&iar e" (i()ema &e" %amar$! : (e 1ro%e&er. a im1"eme!)ar "o( m')o&o( >0eei()e! 1ara 1o&er ,or)a"e%er"o : %o! e""o %rear 0! (i()ema i!m0!e m0%/o m.( re(i()e!)e ma!e;a!&o 0! 1ro%e(o %orre%)ame!)e4Com1rar )o&o( "o( re%0r(o( !e%e(ario( 1ara ma!)e!er a "a "ar-a &e %amar$! &e!)ro &e (0 am6ie!)e a&e%0a&o42. DESARROLLO 2.1. S#(-6% $'!$4-/%0 E" (i()ema i!m0!o"$*i%o &e" %amar$! e( 0! )ema (i! &0&a a"*0!a m0: %om1"e;o >0e re>0iere &e m0%/a i!-e()i*a%i$! : ""e-ar"o a "a 1r.%)i%a4 La a%0a%0")0ra &e %r0().%eo( 1e!aei&o( %o!()i)0:e 0!a a%)i-i&a& e%o!$mi%ame!)e im1or)a!)e >0e *e!era e"e-a&o( 8i!*re(o( (i (e *ara!)iza 0!a 1ro&0%%i$! $1)ima &e" mi(mo4 E()a a%)i-i&a& e(). "imi)a&a e! &i,ere!)e( 1ar)e( &e" m0!&o 1or e!,erme&a&e( i!,e%%io(a( 1ro-o%a&a( e!)re o)ro(A 1or 6a%)eria(A -ir0(A /o!*o(A 1ar.(i)o( : 1or e" 0(o re*0"ar &e a!)i6i$)i%o( >0e /a! &iri*i&o 1ro*re(i-ame!)e a "a( 1o6"a%io!e( &e %0")i-o a 0!a (i)0a%i$! %r)i%a &e re(i()e!%ia4 E" e()0&io &e" (i()ema i!m0!e e! %r0().%eo( %omie!za a (er 0!a /erramie!)a m0: G)i" 1ara e" &i(e#o &e e()ra)e*ia( >0e 1ermi)a! &e)ermi!ar : me;orar "a re(10e()a &e" (i()ema &e &e,e!(a&e" /o(1e&ero /a%ia "o( 1a)$*e!o( 1o)e!%ia"e(4 Para e""oA e( re>0eri&o >0e "a( i!-e()i*a%io!e( 6.(i%a( e()'! &iri*i&a( a "a %ara%)eriza%i$! &e e,e%)ore( &e &e,e!(a( /0mora"e( : %e"0"are( e! %amar$!4 Lo( ra&i%a"e( "i6re( &eri-a&o( &e e(1e%ie( rea%)i-a( &e" o*e!o : &e" !i)r$*e!o (o! *e!era&o( %o!()a!)eme!)e 1or "o( or*a!i(mo( aer$6i%o( %omo 1ro&0%)o &e "o( 1ar.(i)o(4 E" (i()ema &e &e,e!(a &e" %amar$! 1or e!&e e( 6a;o o &'6i"A (e 60(%a &ar "a (o"0%i$! a e()e ma"e()ar : o,re%emo( 7 1ro10e()a( 6a(a&a( e! e()e )ema "a( %0a"e( (o!NH Me;orar e" (i()ema i!m0!e &e" %amar$! 1ara >0e )e!*a m.( &e,e!(a( a!)e "o( -ir0( o e!,erme&a&e(H Crear 0! )i1o &e "ar-a m.( re(i()e!)e ,re!)e a "o( -ir0( o e!,erme&a&e( A!)e e()a( &o( 1ro10e()a( )e!emo( a"*0!o( )ema( "o( %0a"e( 1o&ra! (er &e *ra! a:0&a 1ara &ar "a (o"0%i$! (i! &e;ar &e "a&o >0e am6a( 1ro10e()a( e().! e!"aza&a( o re"a%io!a( %o! "a (imi"i)0& &e >0e am6a( 60(%a! me;orar e" (i()ema i!m0!eA %o! "a &i,ere!%ia &e >0e am6a( (er.! &e(arro""a&a( 1or 1"a!)eamie!)o( &i,ere!)e(4 Fre!)e a "a 1rimera 1ro10e()a 1"a!)ea&a a!)erior me!)e )e!emo( a"*0!o( )ema( o i&ea( 1ara 1o&er re,0)ar (o6re "a 1ro10e()a &i%/a4 La 1rimera e( M;'&%& 0 (#(-6% #!6/! 30 9$%6%&2! 4%&% >/ -!0e" >0e !o 10e&e (er (i!)e)iza&o a 0! !i-e" re>0eri&oA 1ara 0! !orma" %re%imie!)o : ma!)e!imie!)o4 A 1e(ar >0e "a 1ro)e!a e( re>0eri&a 1ara e" %re%imie!)oA !o /a: 1ro)e!a( e(e!%ia"e(A (i!o ami!o.%i&o( e(e!%ia"e( I"a( 1ro)e!a( e().! %om10e()o( 1or ami!o.%i&o(J4 A 1e(ar &e >0e "o( %ar6o/i&ra)o( Ie;4 /ari!a &e )ri*oJ (o! ,0e!)e( &e e!er*aA !o (o! %ar6o/i&ra)o( e(e!%ia"e(A 1or>0e 10e&e! (er &eri-a&o( &e -ario( i!*re&ie!)e(A a"ma%e!a&o( : "i6era&o( a )ra-'( &e -ario( 1ro%e(o( me)a6$"i%o(O a&em.( "o( "1i&o( &e "a &ie)a (o! o)ra ,0e!)e &e 10e!er*a4 Fi!a"me!)eA e().! "o( .%i&o( *ra(o( e(e!%ia"e( I%om1o!e!)e( &e "1i&o(JA -i)ami!a( : mi!era"e(4 ?< N0)ri%i$! : ma!e;o &e" a"ime!)o NUTRICION Y MANE+O DEL ALIMENTO Dr4 +oe FoA Tea( APM U!i-er(i):A Cor10( C/ri()iA Tea( USA Gra!-i" D4 Tree%eA Tea( APM U!i-er(i):A Co""e*e S)a)io!A Tea( USA Da*o6er)o S.!%/ezA ALCON N0)ri%i$! *e!era" &e" %amar$! E(e!%ia !0)ri%io!a" Lo( !0)rie!)e( e(e!%ia"e( 10e&e! (er m0: 6ie! &i,ere!%ia&o( e! )'rmi!o( %0a!)i)a)i-o(4 La( 1ro)e!a(A "1i&o( : %ar6o/i&ra)o( (o! re,eri&o( ,re%0e!)eme!)e %omo ma%ro!0)rie!)e(4 S0 1re(e!%ia e! e" a"ime!)o %om1re!&e 0!a 1or%i$! (06()a!%ia" &e" e(1a%io &i(1o!i6"e o 1e(o &e "a &ie)a4 Lo( mi%ro!0)rie!)e( Ie;4 mi!era"e( : -i)ami!a(J (o! re>0eri&o(A re"a)i-ame!)e e! 1o%a %a!)i&a& 1or e" %amar$!4 E" )'rmi!o Qmi%roQA (i! em6ar*oA !o &e6e (er i!)er1re)a&o %omo im1"i%a!&o >0e %ier)o( !0)rie!)e( (o! me!o( im1or)a!)e(4 A"*0!a( -i)ami!a( (o! re>0eri&a(e! m0: 1o%a( %o!%e!)ra%io!e( 1ara "a 1ro&0%%i$! %omer%ia" &e a"ime!)o( Ie;4 .%i&o a(%$r6i%oA a"re&e&or &e 3EE m*=B*4 &e ma)eria (e%aJA (i! em6ar*oA (0 i!%"0(i$! e( a6(o"0)ame!)e re>0eri&a 1ara 0! a&e%0a&o ma!)e!imie!)o : %re%imie!)o4 E! o)ra( 1a"a6ra(A"a re&0%%i$! &e" re>0erimie!)o &e %0a">0ier !0)rie!)e e(e!%ia" &e" a"ime!)oA 10e&e re(0")ar !o (o"o e! %re%imie!)o "e!)oA (i!o e! 0!a mor)a"i&a& (06()a!%ia"4 Para e-a"0ar (i 0! !0)rie!)e e(e!%ia" /a (i&o i!%"0i&o e! !i-e"e( a&e%0a&o( e! e" a"ime!)oA e( im1or)a!)e i&e!)i,i%ar )o&a( "a( ,0e!)e( &e 1ro)e!a !0)ri)i-a : (0 &i(1o!i6i"i&a& a(o%ia)i-a4 E" )'rmi!oA Q!i-e" &e !0)rie!)e re>0eri&oQ e( ,re%0e!)eme!)e %o!,0!&i&o %o! !i-e" &e !0)rie!)e e! e" a"ime!)o4 No e( i*0a" &e%ir >0e e" %amar$! re>0iere 8F &e "a &ie)a &e 0! !0)rie!)e e(e!%ia" QQ 6a;o %o!&i%io!e( %o!)ro"a&a(A >0e i!%"0ir e" 8F e! e" a"ime!)o4 Pro-eer 0! re>0erimie!)o e( a -e%e( &i,%i" e! e" a"ime!)o &e6i&o a "a 1'r&i&a a(o%ia&a e! e" 1ro%e(o &e1ro&0%%i$! Ie;4 a")a )em1era)0raJ o a -aria%io!e( e! "a &i*e()i6i"i&a& a(o%ia&a %o! &i,ere!)e(i!*re&ie!)e(4 E! o)ra( 1a"a6ra(A "o >0e (e ,orm0"a !o e( "o >0e e()ar. e! e" a"ime!)o 111ro%e(a&o4 La( &ie)a( &e i!-e()i*a%i$! 1ara e()imar "o( re>0erimie!)o( &e !0)rie!)e( (o! ,re%0e!)eme!)e 1re1ara&a( %o! i!*re&ie!)e( &e a")o !i-e" &e &i*e()i6i"i&a&A a0!>0e e" re!&imie!)o &e e(o( a"ime!)o( (e*0rame!)e (er. 60e!oA e" %o()o 1ara 0(o !orma" (era 1ro/i6i)i-o4 B? E( %omG! or e" )'rmi!o Q%ar!-oroQ : R/er6-oroS 0(a&o 1ara re,erir(e a e(1e%ie( &e %amar$!4 E()o( )'rmi!o( (o! ,re%0e!)eme!)e ma" a1"i%a&o(4 U! %ar!-oro e( a>0e" %0:a &ie)a 1ro)ei%a %o!(i()e 1rimariame!)e e! 1ro)e!a a!ima"4 U! /er6-oroA e! %am6ioA )1i%ame!)e %o!(0me 1ro)e!a &e "a( 1"a!)a( Ie;4 1ro&0%)ore( 1rimario( )a"e( %omo &ia)omea( 6'!)i%a(J4 Si! em6ar*oA 1ara a"*0!o( *ra!;ero(A 0! %amar$! e( %ar!-oro 1or>0e re>0iere &e 0! !i-e" re"a)i-ame!)e a")o &e 1ro)e!a e! 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(o!N Far,a!)e1e!ae0( az)e%0(A 78H83FA Far,a!)e1e!ae0( %a"i,or!ie!(i(A 80e 10&iera! i!%reme!)ar "a( mor)a"i&a&e( a,e%)a!&o e" re!&imie!)o ,i!a" &e "a( %o(e%/a(4 E" &re!a&oA (e%a&oA "im1iezaA &e(i!,e%%i$! : e!%a"a&oA (o! a%)i-i&a&e( >0e )am6i'! %o!)ri60:e! a &i(mi!0ir "o( rie(*o( &e &i(emi!a%i$! &e e!,erme&a&e( a o)ra( *ra!;a( -e%i!a( : a" am6ie!)e %o()ero4 La "im1ieza *e!era" &e "o( e()a!>0e( : (0( a"re&e&ore( )am6i'! a:0&a a e"imi!ar 1o(i6"e( ,0e!)e( &e %o!)ami!a%i$! &e "a %o(e%/a a(e*0ra!&o "a i!o%0i&a& &e" 1ro&0%)o ,i!a"4 Dre!a&o )o)a" E" e()a!>0e &e6e (er &re!a&o )o)a"me!)e 0!a -ez ,i!a"iza&a "a %o(e%/a4 L0e*o (e &e6e rea"izar "a "im1ieza : &e(i!,e%%i$! &e %om10er)a( &e e!)ra&a : (a"i&aA )06era(A )a6"a( : 6a()i&ore(4 La( .rea( >0e !o 10e&a! (er &re!a&a( )o)a"me!)e &e6e! (er &e(i!,e%)a&a( %o! /i1o%"ori)o &e (o&io 0 oi&o &e %a"%io I%a" -i-aJ4 U!a -ez ,i!a"iza&o e" &re!a;eA "a( %om10er)a( &e e!)ra&a : (a"i&a &e a*0a &e "o( e()a!>0e( &e6e! (e""ar(e %om1"e)ame!)e 1ara e-i)ar "a e!)ra&a &e a*0a &0ra!)e "a( marea( a")a(4 E! (e*0i&aA "o( (0e"o( &e "o( e()a!>0e( &e6er.! &e;ar(e (e%ar 6a;o e" (o" 1or &iez a >0i!%e &a( o /a()a >0e 1re(e!)e! *rie)a( &e 3E %m4 &e 1ro,0!&i&a&4 La (i*0ie!)e 1ro10e()a %o!()a e! C&%& /! -#4' 3 0%&9% 67( &(#(-!- "&!- % 0'( 9#&/( ' !"&63%3(. Se*G! "a e!)re-i()a a" (r 1ro1ie)ario &e "a %amaro!era %aza&ero( IYa e/ )ra)a&o &e 1o!er e()a 1ro10e()a e! mar%/a "a %0a" e( 0!a m0: 60e!(ima i&ea :a >0e a( "a "ar-i)a e( re(i()e!)e 1ero e( a"*o m0: %om1"e;o :a >0e e()o 1ro1iame!)e -a e!"aza&o a %0a!&o "a 13ma&re %amar$! e(). e! *e()a%i$! 1or a( &e%ir"o !o (e "e 10e&e &ar m0%/o( >0mi%o( 1ero me&ia!)e 0!a 60e!a !0)ri%i$! (i /a: re(0")a&o( : ( >0e (o! 60e!oJ '" >0era 1o!er e()o e! mar%/a 1ara !o %om1rar "ar-a( 1ero &i%e re(0")ar"e m.( ,a%)i6"e %om1rar"a(4Co!(i()e e! "a mi(ma a"ime!)a%i$! 1ero (i! !i!*G! )i1o &e e()r'( : (i! e%e(o &e 1ro)e!a( : 0!a 60e!a oi*e!a%i$! e! e(o (e 6a(a2.2. DESCRIPCIN DEL LUGAR@ 0/0e !o (o! 6e!',i%a(A : e()o -e!&ra a e>0i"i6rar (0 (i()ema &e &e,e!(a4?J LV0' "e 1are%e "a 1ro10e()a 1ara !0e()ro 1ro:e%)oMGrafco 5Muy bueno BuenoMaloA!70#(#(E" C< F &i;ero! >0e !0e()ra 1ro10e()a e( m0: 60e!a 1or>0e e(o 1o&ra /a%er >0e "a 1ro&0%%i$! %amaro!era a0me!)eA : e-i)ar "a mor)a"i&a& )em1ra!a &e %amaro!e(42.*. R$/&('( : 4&(/4/(-'( E!)re 30e e" %amar$! (e &e(e!-0e"-e m.( e! "a( a")a( )em1era)0ra(4 233. APORTACIONES DE LA INVESTIGACION3.1. N'65& 3 0% 4&'4/(-%Me;oramie!)o &e" (i()ema i!m0!e &e" %amar$!3.2. J/(-#"#$%$#2!Li)era"me!)e !0e()ra 1ro10e()a %o!()a e! /a%er >0e "a "ar-a &e" %amar$! (e /a*a m.( re(i()e!)e a "a( e!,erme&a&e( -ira"e( %omo 1or e;em1"o "a ma!%/a 6"a!%aA >0e /a (i&o 0!o &e "o( 1ro6"ema( m.( &i,%i"e( &e (o"0%io!ar 1or 1ar)e &e "o( (e#ore( %amaro!ero(4Si e()o (e ""e*a a rea"izar e()aremo( o6)e!ie!&o "ar-a( &e ma:or %a"i&a& : %o! e()o "o*raremo( i!%reme!)ar "a 1ro&0%%i$! %amaro!era : e-i)ar "o m.( 1o(i6"e "a( m0er)e( )em1ra!a( e!"o( %amaro!e(A 1ara ""e-ar a %a6o )o&o e()e "ar*o 1ro%e(o (e /a /e%/o 0!a (erie &e i!-e()i*a%io!e( 0! 1o%o %om1"e;a( 1ero %o! m0: 60e!o( re(0")a&o( 6e!e,i%io(o( 1ara "o( (e#ore( %amaro!ero(4Lo( m')o&o( >0e 0(aremo( (o! "o( &e 0!a 60e!a a"ime!)a%i$!A m')o&o( !a)0ra"e(A "a( i!()a"a%io!e( a&e%0a&a( %omoN- B0e!a (a"i!i&a& &e" a*0a- La %a!)i&a& &e oi*e!o !e%e(aria e! "a( 1i(%i!a(- Ma!)e!er"o e! 0! "0*ar &o!&e e" )erre!o &e "a 1i(%i!a (ea ,'r)i"- E-i)ar "o m.( 1o(i6"e e" e()r'( e! e" %amar$!La 60e!a a"ime!)a%i$! e( m0: im1or)a!)e 1or>0e i!,"0:e &ema(ia&o e! e" %amar$!A :a >0e 0! %amar$! m0: 6ie! a"ime!)a&o %o! 0! 60e! 1or%e!)a;e &e 1ro)e!a( !a)0ra"e( -a a ,or)a"e%er aG! m0%/o m.( (0 (i()ema i!m0!o"$*i%o %om1ar.!&o"o %o! 0!o >0e !o e()' 6ie!a"ime!)a&o : %o! "a( %o!&i%io!e( am6ie!)a"e( >0e !o (o! a&e%0a&a( 1ara e()e a!ima"424E" ma!)e!imie!)o &e 0!a %a"i&a& &e" a*0a ,a-ora6"e e( 0! a(1e%)o e(e!%ia" &e "a a%0a%0")0ra &e" %amar$!4 Lo( %amaro!e( (o! 1ar)i%0"arme!)e (e!(i6"e( a "a %o!%e!)ra%i$! &e o*e!o &i(0e")o e! e" a*0a3.3. OBJETIVOS3.3.1. O5;-#9' G!&%0 De)ermi!ar : a!a"izar "a( &i,ere!)e( me)o&o"o*a( 1ara e" 1ro%e(o &e ,or)a"e%imie!)o &e" (i()ema i!m0!o"$*i%o &e "a "ar-a &e %amar$!43.3.2. O5;-#9'( (4$="#$'( For)a"e%er e" (i()ema i!m0!o"$*i%o &e "a "ar-a &e %amar$! %o! )'%!i%a( !a)0ra"e( Re&0%ir "a mor)a"i&a& &e "o( %amaro!e( : "o*rar ma:ore( *a!a!%ia( &e 1e(o3.4. UBICACIN3.4.1. P&'9#!$#%E()e 1re()i*io(o 1ro:e%)o /a (i&o ""e-a&o a %a6o e! "a 1ro-i!%ia &e" ORO43.4.2. C%!-2! C 4%&&'>/#%E! e" %a!)$! MACHALA3.4.3. D#&$$#2!E! e" (i)io Po!*a"A e! e" e()ero "a e!,ermera 3.4.4. I!(-#-/$#2!E! "a %amaro!era RCaza&ero(S3.5. B!"#$#%'( 3.5.1. D#&$-'(Como 6e!e,i%iario &ire%)o : 1ri!%i1a" )e!emo( a" &0e#o &e "a %amaro!era3.5.2. I!3#&$-'(Como 6e!e,i%iario( i!&ire%)o( )e!emo(N25 Tra6a;a&ore( &e "a %amaro!era Em1re(a( %om1ra&ore( &e %amar$! Em1re(a( e1or)a&ora( e im1or)a&ora( &e %amar$!3.*. R$/&('( : 4&(/4/(-'D($$#2! 3 &$/&(' C%!-#3%3 T'-%0G%('0#!% 20 FB%0%!$%3' 4%&% 0%&9% 3 $%6%&2!10 0#5&%( 15 FA#&%3'& 4%&% 4$&% 2 10 F $C/V#-6#$ C 1 20 F P$&% 2 35 F $C/TOTAL 145 F3.D. C&'!'0ier a&-er(i&a&427 Por "o )a!)oA )o&a( "a( "ar-a( &e %amar$! )ie!e! 0! (i()ema i!m0!o"$*i%o >0e 10e&e (er )ra)a&o : me;ora&o &e 0!a ma!era %orre%)a (i! 1ro-o%ar &a#o( a e()a e(1e%ie45. BIBLIOGRA)IA /))1N==%ie!%ia(4;or!a&a4%om4m=!o)i%ia(=me;oramie!)oH*e!e)i%oH&e"H%amaro!/))1N==2224re-i()aa>0a)i%4%om=a>0a)i%=1&,=8DX?41&,/))1N==2224(m664%om4m=%o!*re(o(F7E(m66=a%a10"%oEC=TRABA+OS=(im1o(io(=(im1o(ioXmari!a=FRANCISCOXVARGASXALBORES41&,/))1N==2224,ao4or*=8=%o!)e!)(=?EE