Ricardo Melgar INTA Exp. ST. Pergamino Argentina...Ricardo Melgar. INTA Exp. ST. Pergamino....

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Ricardo Melgar INTA Exp. ST. Pergamino Argentina FLUID FERTILIZER FORUM Scottsdale, Feb 15-16, 2010

Transcript of Ricardo Melgar INTA Exp. ST. Pergamino Argentina...Ricardo Melgar. INTA Exp. ST. Pergamino....

Page 1: Ricardo Melgar INTA Exp. ST. Pergamino Argentina...Ricardo Melgar. INTA Exp. ST. Pergamino. Argentina. ... 4 +) Nitamin & Nitamin NFusion ... Pergamino Precip ETP 0 200 400 600 800

Ricardo MelgarINTA Exp. ST. PergaminoArgentina

FLUID FERTILIZER FORUM Scottsdale, Feb 15-16, 2010

Page 2: Ricardo Melgar INTA Exp. ST. Pergamino Argentina...Ricardo Melgar. INTA Exp. ST. Pergamino. Argentina. ... 4 +) Nitamin & Nitamin NFusion ... Pergamino Precip ETP 0 200 400 600 800

N soil - NO3-

N atmosphere N – NBF

Soybean - Bradyrhizobium

2N2 + 3H2Nitrogenase 2NH3

NH3 + R-COOH Proteins

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Soybean - N uptake

0

100

200

300

400

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Días después de la siembra

Re

qu

eri

mie

nto

de

N (

kg

/ha

)

Nodulada (5431 kg/ha)

Sin nodular (4400 kg/ha)

R3 - R6 maximum N assimilation. High supply by BNF

Critical stage of seting

nodules from the inoculant

Up to R1 minimum N requirements, soil supply

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228194

35 3411

-183

10

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

N Total NBF Soil Residue

- Top

Residue

-Roots

Exported N

Balance

N B

ala

nce in s

oybean c

rop

kg.h

a-1

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Controversial Facts

Compete with BNF

Inhibits nodule formation & infestation

Inefficient – very low NUE

Grain yield is directly related to N total in plant

NBF Provides near 52 % of total N uptake

The proportion of fixed N decreased with increasing fertilizer-N additions

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Controlled release fertilizers

Delays transformation of N of urea-compounds into soluble forms (NH4

+) Nitamin & Nitamin NFusion

(Georgia-Pacific)

Inhibitors of urease

Delays transformation of urea into NH4

+

Agrotain

Synchronization of N in soil with plant needs maximum uptake

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∆ Yield with 30 kg N ha-1: 197 kgha-1

Six site-year experiments 2000-03 South Santa Fe-North Buenos Aires

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

Check N 200 -

Sowing

Inoculated Inoc.&Co+Mo N 30 - R3 N 30 - V4

Soybean g

rain

yie

ld M

g /

ha DLS 5%: 269 kg/ha

N fertilization in soybean in Pergamino

Previous works

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To evaluate the effect of increasing late N availability by improving placement/product combinations of fluid N sources on soybean grain yields and N uptake

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Four sites in 2008-091. Mercedes (Corrientes)

2. Crespo(Entre Rios)

3. Ocampo (N Buenos Aires)

4. Acevedo (N Buenos Aires)

Repeated in 2009-10

Product Placement

No N Fertilizer --

Ammonium Nitrate

Broadcast

Nitamin®

Knifed or Dribbled

Nitamin NFusion

Urea solution

Idem + 0.5% Agrotain

Nine 40 kg N ha-1treatments& Check (No N)

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Total aboveground biomass at R5. Splitting leaves, stems and pods

N concentrations in leaves stems & pods

N uptake in aboveground biomass at R5

Grain yields

Total aboveground biomass at harvest

Grain protein

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The country’s worst drought in 50 years has cut agriculture output almost 20%.

Disastrous consequences for the farmers, for the rural towns, the agribusiness chain and the whole country’s economy

Satellite imagery of vegetation of December 2008 relative to same month of 1996-2007 series

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Site CheckMean All N

∆Yield

Kg ha -1

Mercedes 1825 2252 427

Crespo 1953 2270 317

Ocampo 1963 2069 106

Acevedo 1471 1219 -252

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

244

254

264

274

284

294

304

314

324

334

344

354

364 8

18

28

38

48

58

68

78

88

Acc

um

ula

ted

mm

Julian day

Pergamino

Precip ETP

0

200

400

600

800

1000

244

254

264

274

284

294

304

314

324

334

344

354

364 9

19

29

39

49

59

69

79

89

Acc

um

ula

ted

mm

Julian day

Crespo

Precip ETP

We were unable to find site factors that explain N response differences

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1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2,000

2,200

2,400

2,600

2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000

Gra

in y

ield

kg/ha

Total aboveground biomass kg/ha

Grain vs. TDM yields

r= 0.74 **

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1750

1800

1850

1900

1950

2000

2050

115 120 125 130 135

Soybean g

rain

yie

ld k

g/ha

Grain N uptake kg/ha

Treatment means overall

sites

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Treatments Protein

Check 37.0 %

Control 37.8 %

All N Knifed 37.3 %

All N Dribbled 37.0 %

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

40 60 80 100 120 140

Gra

in Y

ield

kg/ha

N uptake in biomass at R5 (kg/ha)

Grain vs. N uptake at R5

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3000

3500

4000

4500

1,500

1,625

1,750

1,875

2,000

2,125

2,250

Tota

l D

ry M

att

er

yie

ld k

g/ha

Soyb

ean g

rain

yie

ld k

g/ha

Grain TDM

LSD 5% Grain: 497 kg/ha - TDM: 919 kg/ha

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Grains yield correlated to N uptake

We could not find site factors associated to N response differences

There were not differences among treatments

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Final Considerations

The severe lack of rains during the critical periods of filling grains prevented the attain of a high yield that could stress the N symbiotic capacity to supply N to crops.

N was of ample abundance for the limited grain and biomass yields obtained.

We expect that a next season, with a different weather pattern, especially under a higher precipitation scenario, the treatment differences would allow reaching a more conclusive effect

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We Acknowledge The Fluid Fertilizer Foundation for their support in this research

We thanks very much to our collaborators. Gabriel, Enrique and Francisco