Revista Temporalidades - 4

8/13/2019 Revista Temporalidades - 4

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Uac 0 - O- 20- Mja/Hdz - 02=2www.em eklf.uegj.`r /tdgparm ckhmhds


2/119

Xdgparmckhmhds Yrdlursa dcdtroklaW /Hdpmrtmgdota hd Fkstrkm,

X066 Rrajrmgm hd Rs-Jrmhuma dg Fkstrkm. --v.0, o. 0 (mja./hdz. 02=2) -- @dca Farkzaotd > Hdpmrtmgdota hd FkstrkmFkstrkm, EMEKLF/TEGJ, 02=2.

\dgdstrmc

K\\O> =;68-5=42Gaha hd mldssa> fttp>//www.emeklf.uegj.`r/tdgparmckhmhds/

=. Fkstrkm - Rdrkhklas 0. Fkstarkajrmekm - Rdrkhklas K. Tokvdrskhmhd Edhdrmc hdGkoms Jdrmks. Emluchmhd hd Ekcasaekm d Lkolkms Fugmoms. Hdpmrtmgdota hdFkstrkm.

LHH ;2=

Eklfm Lmtmcajreklm

Dohdrda>Xdgparmckhmhds rdvkstm hksldotd ha Rrajrmgm hd Rs-Jrmhuma dg Fkstrkm hm TEGJ

Mv. Motaoka Lmrcas, 550: Lmgpus RmgpucfmEmluchmhd hd Ekcasaekm d Lkolkms Fugmoms (EMEKLF), 8 mohmr. tdgparmckhmhdsBjgmkc.lag / tdgparmckhmhdsBemeklf.uegj.`rfagd pmjd> fttp>//emeklf.uegj.`r/tdgparmckhmhds

Eklfm Lmtmcajreklm

Xdgparmckhmhds - Pdvkstm Hksldotd ha Rrajrmgm hd Rs-jrmhuma dg Fkstrkm hm TEGJ, vac. 0, o. 0, Mjasta/Hdzdg`ra hd 02=2 - K\\O>=;68-5=42 - www.emeklf.uegj.`r/tdgparmckhmhds


3/119

Laosdcfa LaosuctkvaMhrkmom Pagdkra (TEGJ)

Mhrkmom Ukhattd (TEGJ)@dmtrkz Jmccattk Gmgkjaokmo (TE\L)Lmrcas Mcvmrdz Gmkm (TDPN)Dckmom Pdjkom hd Erdktms Hutrm (TEGJ)Fmc Cmojeur (Tokvdrskty ae @ueemca)Fdorkqud Dstrmhm Pahrkjuds (TEGJ)

Naa Rkota Eurtmha (TEGJ)Naoms Gmrmc hd ]udkraz (TEU)Nas Motoka Hm`hm` Xrmùcsk (TEGJ)Nas Lmrcas Pdks (TEGJ)

Nokm Edrrdkrm Eurtmha (TEGJ)Itkm Jdrm` @mjjka (TEGJ)Grlkm \udck Mgmotkoa (Tokvdrsa)Gmrla Gardc (TDPN)Gmrkm Nuckmom Jmgàjk Xdkxdkrm (TEGJ)Gmura Clka Cdkta Laoh (TEGJ)Rmtrlkm Gmrkm Gdca \mgpmka (TEMG)Rmuca Rkofdkra Gmlfmha (TE\L)Rdhra Motoka hd Mcgdkhm Lmrhkg (TOC)Pdjkom Fdcdom Mcvds hm \kcvm (TEGJ)

Pdomta Rkota Udoolka (TEAR)Pahrkja Rmtta \ Gattm (TEGJ)\mgmotfm Ukz ]umhrmt (TEE)\rjka Pklmrha hm Gmtm (TEAR)Xfms Udccasa Lauja Rkgdotdc (TEGJ)

Ukrjkokm Gmrkm Xrkohmhd Umcmhmrds (RTLGJ)

Tokvdrskhmhd Edhdrmc hd Gkoms JdrmksPdktar> Lccka Lmgpackom Hkokz

Ukld-rdktarm> Palismod hd Lmrvmcfa Oartao

Emluchmhd hd Ekcasaekm d Lkolkms FugmomsHkrdtar> Narjd Mcdxmohrd @mràsm Odvds

Ukld-hkrdtar> Gmura Clka Cdkta Laoh

Hdpmrtmgdota hd Fkstrkm

Lfded> Cukz Lmrcas UkccmctmUkld-lfded> Mhmcjksm Mrmotds Lmgpas\dlrdtrkm> Idccy L. Lmodssa Mjastkok d UmctdkrJaomcvds Pk`dkra

Lacdjkmha hd JrmhumaLaarhdomharm> Mhrkmom Pagdkra

Ukld-laarhdomhar> Cukz Humrtd Fmdcd Mromut\dlrdtrkas> Gmrkofa Odpaguldoa, Rmuca MeaosaGmkm d \aokm Gmrm Rmlfdla

Lacdjkmha hd Rs-JrmhumaLaarhdomharm> Itkm Jdrm` @mjjka

Ukld-laarhdomhar> Nas Odwtao Ladcfa Gdodsds\dlrdtrkm> Dhkcdod Ackvdkrm

HkmjrmgmaLmrackom Gmrattm LmpmodgmPmojdc Ldrldmu Odtta

Laotmta>XdgparmckhmhdsPdvkstm Hksldotd ha Rrajrmgm hd Rs-Jrmhuma dgFkstrkm hm TEGJ

Mv. Motaoka Lmrcas, 550: Lmgpus RmgpucfmEmluchmhd hd Ekcasaekm d Lkolkms Fugmoms(EMEKLF),8 mohmr.tdgparmckhmhdsBjgmkc.lag / tdgparmck-hmhdsBemeklf.uegj.`r

fagd pmjd> fttp>//emeklf.uegj.`r/tdgparmckhmhds

Dhktar Lfded>Rrae. Hr. Gmjoa Garmds Gdcca

Laosdcfa DhktarkmcMohr Gmslmrdofms RdrdkrmLmrackom Gmrattm LmpmodgmGrlka ha \motas PahrkjudsRmucm Dcksd Edrrdkrm \amrdsPmojdc Ldrldmu Odtta

Dxpdhkdotd



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Mjrmhdlkgdotas mas pmrdldrkstms mh fal................................................................................224

Dhktarkmc ..................................................................................................................................225

Dotrdvkstm................................................................................................................................22;@atklrkas d emrgmlutklas> hkvdrjolkms d laoecktas oms mrtds hd lurmr om rdjka hms Gkoms

Jdrmks om sdjuohm gdtmhd has aktaldotas. ...........................................................................2=0

Tgm qudsta hd rdvksa laoldktas> Pagmokzma - Tctrmgaotmoksga - Pdeargm ................208

M hkslussa ha Oavug Gkcktkmd Jdous d as pra`cdgms lacalmhas s eaotds rdcmtkvms mas

Xdgpcrkas> a p`ckla, m euoa d m vdrhmhd ha halugdota .................................................2 \a Naa hdc Pdk, ug dstuha hd lmsa.......28 ug supdr-fdrk `rmskcdkra dotrd hksputms hd gdrlmha d hd khdotkhmhd (=;54-=;55)

................................................................................................................................................24;

Hmoha vaz mas moolkas> as dslrmvas oas rdjkstras hd naromks lmpkxm`ms (=68;-=666) ........25:

Lcvks Gaurm d a ckvra rd`dckds hm sdozmcm. Tg `rdvd pmoarmgm sa`rd a hd`mtd hm rdsksto-

lkm dslrmvm ..............................................................................................................................2:5

]udg sagas os d qudg sa dcds1 As ekcfas hm tdrrm d sums rdcmds lacaokmks oa suc hd

Gamg`kqud...........................................................................................................................262

Tgm cdkturm ha latkhkmoa hms gucfdrds oa Mlrd (=;2:-=;=:) ..............................................266

Mo`mc Gmttas> eagdotmhar hms mrtds pcstklms om @dca Farkzaotd ha kolka ha sluca VV ..2;6

Pdsdofm

RHTM, Nas Mujusta hd (arj.). Hdsdovacvkgdota, nustkm d gdka mg`kdotd. @dca Farkzaotd>

Dhktarm TEGJ9 \a Rmuca> Rdkrpacks, 022; ..........................................................................=25

Pdsdofm

GMJOACK, Hdgtrka. Tgm Jatm hd \mojud> Fkstrkm ha pdosmgdota rmlkmc. \a Rmuca>

Laotdxta, 022; ......................................................................................................................=26

Xrmoslrka halugdotmc

M`sacvkhm pdcm caulurm> M gucmtm Pktm d a eurta has `rkolas hd ugm kgmjdg smjrmhm (Ukcm Pklm,=:52) ......................................................................................................................................==2

\ugrka

Xdgparmckhmhds - Pdvkstm Hksldotd ha Rrajrmgm hd Rs-jrmhuma dg Fkstrkm hm TEGJ, vac. 0, o. 0, Mjasta/Hdzdg`ra hd 02=2 - K\\O>=;68-5=42 - www.emeklf.uegj. r/tdgparmckhmhds


5/119

M rdvkstm Xdgparmckhmhds mjrmhdld mas pdsquksmhards qud lacalmrmg sum dxpdrkolkm d laofdlkgdo-

ta m sdrv ka hm mvmc kma d mprkgarmgdota has tdxtas mlmhgklas su`gdt khas ma oassa Laosdcfa

Dhktarkmc. Dssd trm`mcfa vacuotrka eak euohmgdotmc pmrm ùrkcmrgas ms laotrkùkds qud rdld`d-gas. Hurmotd mcjuos gdsds a`sdrvmgas ugm pmrldrkm dotrd mutards, laosdcfa laosuctkva, dhktards

d mvmckmhards. Ma mldktmrdg oassas laovktds d hkmcajmrdg lag as hkvdrsas mrtkjas su`gdtkhas ma

oassa pdrkhkla, as pmrdldrkstms oas praparlkaomrmg ugm rdmvmckma hd oassas praldhkgdotas hd

dhktarma d ug mprdohkzmha laostmotd. Hdvatmgas oassas skoldras mjrmhdlkgdotas mas laosuc-

tards mh fal, paks ms sums lacmàrmds earmg hdtdrgkomotds pmrm m qumc khmhd has mrtkjas mquk

vdklucmhas.

Mhdgkr Cukz hm \kcvm (TDJ/TOKEMO)Mhrkmom Gmrkm hd \auzm ^kdrdr (TDGM)Mom Lrkstkom Pk`dkra Gmrquds Paqud (Kostktuta hdKovdstkjma Lkdoteklm Xrapklmc Rartujmc)

Mom Rmucm Uasod Gmrtkos (TERP)Mohr Ekjudkrdha Pahrkjuds (TENE)Mohrm Ckscy Jaomcvds (TEAR)

Motoka Xarrds Gaotdodjra (TERD)@dtzmkhm Gmtm Gmlfmha Xmvmrds (ERC)Lcuhkm hd Ndsus Gmkm (TOKGAOXD\)Lrkstkom \lfdk`d Zacee (TE\L)Hmokdc @mràsm has \motas (LAARDO)Jdarjd Edckx Lm`rmc hd \ausm (TERD)Dckmod Lrkstkom Hdligmoo Ecdli (TOK\KOA\)Dcksjmrhokm hd Ackvdkrm Lfmvds (TEL)

Ksm`dc Mpmrdlkhm @kcfa (TDC)Kvmo Ckgm Jagds (LACTOK-TEE)

Naoms \amrds Cmom (RTL-Pka)Naoks Erdkrd (TOKUDP\A)Nas Cukz hd Mohrmhd Ermola (TO@)Nas Nas`drta Gaotdodjra \ausm (TET)Nokm Hkokz Ealms (TEGJ)Nuokm \auzm Ckgm (LDEDX-GJ)Cdmohra Imromc (TOKLMGR)Cdkcm Gmrkm Jaomcvds Cdktd Fdromohdz (T\R)

Ckmod Gmrkm @drtullk (TERP)Cukz Edckpd Emcla (THD\L)Gmrkm hm Laoldka Ermolkslm Rkrds (TEU)Gmrkm hd Etkgm Mrmofm hd ]udkraz d Gdca (TE\N)Gmrkm hd Etkgm Oavmds Rkrds (TE@M)Gmrkm has Monas Capds Ukdccm (TOALFMRDL)Gmrkm Gmrtfm hd Cuom Erdkrd (TEE)

Gmrka Lcd`dr Gmrtkos Cmoom Nokar (RTL Gkoms)Gkrkmg Fdrgdta hd \ Gattm (MRL@F EGL/TEGJ)Goklm Dustmquka Eaosdlm (RTL Gkoms)Acjm Gmrkm Capds \drra Kjcskms Odvds (TokvdrskhmhdCuseaom hd Fugmokhmhds d Xdloacajkms TCFX)Rdtroka Nas Hagkojuds (TE\)Pa`drtm Jkmoou`kca \tugpe (LFMG/TOC)Pahrkja Lmstra Pdzdohd (TEE)

Pahrkja Asrka Rdrdkrm (TEGJ)\mgkrm Rdrulfk Gardtta (TE\L)\vka ]udkraz Ckgm (TL\MC)\kcvmom Ukcahrd Jadccodr (TEPJ\)\cvkm Fuoach Cmrm (TOKLMGR)\kcvkm Gmrkm Emvdra Mrdoh (THD\L)

Umohm Mrmotds ha Umcd (TENE)Umodssm Cmom (TENE/EKALPT^)Zmchagkra hd Lmstra \motas Udrjudkra (T\R)

Mjrmhdlkgdota mas pmrdldrkstms mh fal

4Xdgparmckhmhds - Pdvkstm Hksldotd ha Rrajrmgm hd Rs-jrmhuma dg Fkstrkm hm TEGJ, vac. 0, o. 0, Mjasta/Hdzdg`ra hd 02=2 - K\\O>=;68-5=42 - www.emeklf.uegj.`r/tdgparmckhmhds


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M Pdvkstm Xdgparmckhmhds cmom sum qumrtm dhka lugprkoha sum prapastm prkgarhkmc hd rduokrtrm`mcfas arkjkomks rdcdvmotds pmrm m Fkstrkm d rdms mekos, prkvkcdjkmoha m prahua hksldotd, prkolk-pmcgdotd has prajrmgms hd ps-jrmhuma hd taha a @rmskc d ha dxtdrkar. Dstm dhka lmrmltdrkzm-sdpdcm hkvdrskhmhd tdgtklm d tdgparmc, qud vdg laostktukoha-sd laga ugm gmrlm hm rdvkstm. \a mprd-sdotmhas mrtkjas qud trmtmg hd pdrahas d eaotds `mstmotds hkstkotms - has lmrtucrkas hm Khmhd Ghkms fkstrkms dg qumhrkofas ha sluca VV - `dg laga hd tdgms lcssklas d trmhklkaomks hmfkstarkajrmekm, laga m dslrmvkha, d tdgms lmras laotdgparmodkhmhd, laga m qudsta mg`kdotmc das hkedrdotds usas d euods ha laoldkta hd rmm. A qumrta ogdra gmrlm a doldrrmgdota hm jdsta022;/02=2 d, lag guktm dxpdltmtkvm d faorm, h ms àms vkohms ma laosdcfa qud kr laotkoumr as trm-`mcfas hm rdvkstm dg 02==.

A dotrdvkstmha hdssd ogdra a praedssar partujus Ouoa Jaomca Gaotdkra, kovdstkjmharlaarhdomhar ha Kostktuta hd Lkolkms \alkmks hm Tokvdrskhmhd hd Cksàm. Dotrd oavdg`ra d hdzdg-

`ra hd 02=2 dstdvd hd pmssmjdg par @dca Farkzaotd - alupmoha m Ltdhrm hd Dstuhas `dra-Cmtkoa-Mgdrklmoas ha Kostktuta hd Dstuhas Mvmomhas Xrmoshkslkpckomrds (KDMX) hm TEGJ - qumoha cfd eakedkta a laovktd pmrm dssm dotrdvkstm. Odcm, hkslutkgas sa`rd sums dslacfms tdgtklms, m rdcma hd sdusdstuhas, d hm fkstarkajrmekm partujudsm, lag m fkstarkajrmekm `rmskcdkrm, sums koecuolkms tdrklms d sum

trmndtrkm mlmhgklm hd gmodkrm gmks mgpcm.Oa mrtkja @atklrkas d emrgmlutklas> hkvdrjolkms d laoecktas oms mrtds hd lurmr om rdjka hms Gkoms

Jdrmks om sdjuohm gdtmhd has aktaldotas, Hdysd Gmrkofa hd M`rdu dovdrdhm pdcas lmgkofas hm lko-lkm, hm tloklm d hms mrtds hd lurmr. M mutarm oas gastrm laga m prtklm hm gdhklkom d hm emrglkm eaksd kostktukoha laga sm`dr lkdotekla ma caoja ha sluca VKV. Rar gdka hm lrtklm halugdotmc hd

praldssas lrkgds d hd qudrdcms dxdlutmhms pdcas lfmgmhas praeksskaomks hm lurm eak passvdc qud mmutarm trmmssd ug pdrekc hd rdlcmgmds qud mlmàu hdckodmoha as ckgktds hm mtuma hd àtklrkas,emrgmlutklas, lkrurjkds, ghklas d lurmohdkras.

Umrkmoha m tdgtklm, haks mrtkjas laotrkùdg pmrm ugm rdecdxa tdrkla-gdtahacjklm mldrlm hmprtklm fkstarkajreklm. tmca Hagkojas \motkrallfk, oa mrtkja Tgm qudsta hd rdvksa hd laoldktas>Pagmokzma Tctrmgaotmoksga Pdeargm, emz ugm mocksd sa`rd m pactklm lmtcklm oa guoha lrkstamtdotmoha pmrm m odldsskhmhd hd rdvdr m fkstarklkhmhd has laoldktas Tctrmgaotmoksga dPagmokzma. Rmrm a mutar dstds haks laoldktas uokvdrsmckstms tagmhas laga skookgas sa mpraprkm-has d rdskjokeklmhas dg hkedrdotds cujmrds d gagdotas fkstrklas pdcas jrupas hd pahdr qud apdrmgoa kotdrkar hm Kjrdnm. A cdktar hdpmrm-sd lag ugm fkstrkm praldssumc hd haks laoldktas lckvmhas hd

tdgparmckhmhds d qud rdecdtdg as laoecktas d ms hksputms hd hkedrdotds gagdotas fkstrklas. Odstdmrtkja, m fkstrkm kostktulkaomc hm kjrdnm dvkhdolkmhm pdcas laoecktas qud laohklkaomg ms hkrdtrkzds hdkotdjrma ha lmtacklksga kostktulkaomc d papucmr om Durapm d oa @rmskc dotrd a pdraha gahdroa dlaotdgparoda.

N @ruoa Xmhdu \mccds, dg M hkslussa ha Oavug Gkcktkmd Jdous d as pra`cdgms lacalmhas s eaotdsrdcmtkvms mas Xdgpcrkas> a p`ckla, m euoa d m vdrhmhd ha halugdota, hdhklm-sd ma dstuha lrtkla hmseaotds vkolucmhms Arhdg has Lmvmcdkras Xdgpcrkas. M pmrtkr hd ugm rdecdxa sa`rd ms passk`kck-hmhds d as ckgktds hm mocksd halugdotmc, a mutar dxpd trs qudstds qud sd mprdsdotmg prkgarhkmkspmrm a sdu dstuha, gms qud sa kjumcgdotd kgpartmotds pmrm qumcqudr pdsquksm fkstrklm.

Rrkgdkrmgdotd, m mvmckma ha(s) p`ckla(s) m qudg sd hdstkomvmg ms eaotds oa pdraha dg qud earmgprahuzkhms, vksmoha hdckgktma ha lmrtdr dspdlekla hd lmhm gdosmjdg d m lagprddosa hm kotdo-lkaomckhmhd has tdstdguofas. Dg sdjuoha cujmr, hdstmlm m kgpassk`kckhmhd d as ckgktds hd ug halu-gdota sdr m rdprdsdotma hm vdrhmhd, mekjurmoha-sd gukta gmks laga ug hkslursa sa`rd a rdmc.Dg tdrldkra cujmr, gms oa gdoas kgpartmotd, mssdvdrm m odldsskhmhd hd sd pdosmr ms euodsmtrkùhms s eaotds oa sagdotd oa pmssmha, gms tmg`g om pdsquksm fkstrklm.

Dhktarkmc

5Xdgparmckhmhds - Pdvkstm Hksldotd ha Rrajrmgm hd Rs-jrmhuma dg Fkstrkm hm TEGJ, vac. 0, o. 0, Mjasta/Hdzdg`ra hd 02=2 - K\\O>=;68-5=42 - www.emeklf.uegj.`r/tdgparmckhmhds


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A mrtkja hd Gmrldca Lrksmeuck Omslkgdota Mcgdkhm kovdstkjm as dspmas hd prahua, kosdra dlkrlucma hd prtklms gusklmks papucmrds dg \a Naa hdc Pdk dotrd a ekomc ha sluca VKV d a kolkaha VV. M pmrtkr hm mocksd hd ug naromc calmc, a mutar laostmtm qud, m hdspdkta has jodras gusklmkspapucmrds sd hmrdg dg dspmas rdstrktas d pdrkerklas hm lkhmhd, dcds lkrlucmvmg dotrd vmrkmhas

sdtards hmqudcm salkdhmhd. \djuoha Mcgdkhm fmvkm ug troskta hms mutarkhmhds oas dspmas lktmhkoas.Dstms erdqudotmvmg tmota ms edstms hms dcktds qumota as eacjudhas papucmrds d `mtuquds, `dg lagaas gsklas qud dstmvmg prdsdotds oa pmjahd hms vdohms tmg`g lagpuofmg ms arqudstrms qudsd mprdsdotmvmg oas dcdjmotds smcds, kjrdnms d tdmtras ha ldotra hm lkhmhd.

M fkstarkajrmekm cktdrrkm oa @rmskc aktaldotkstm d sum kgpartolkm pmrm m laostrua hm khdotkhmhdomlkaomc m`arhmhm oa mrtkja hd Rkdtra Hdtaok, Ms fkstrkms cktdrrkms d as prkgdkras dsearas par so-tdsd oa @rmskc aktaldotkstm. Dosmka hd fkstrkm hm fkstarkajrmekm. A mutar laostmtm qud mtrmvs hmsfkstrkms cktdrrkms sd mrtklucmrmg khdacajkms om tdotmtkvm hd vmcarkzmr m eargma fkstrklm `rmskcdkrm.

fkstarkajrmekm c ktdrrkm lau`d m euoa lvklm hd laostrukr a sdotkha hm trmndtrkm ha @rmsk c oa tdgpa,ugm vdz qud sd hdspaotmvm rdldotdgdotd laga oma kohdpdohdotd hd Rartujmc.

Oa mrtkja Pmka Odjra> ug supdr-fdrk `rmskcdkra dotrd hksputms hd gdrlmha d hd khdotkhmhd (=;54-=;55), Mckod hd Lmstra Cdgas momcksm m laostrua hd ug supdr-fdrk `rmskcdkra, gachmha oaspmrgdtras oartd-mgdrklmoas hurmotd m hlmhm hd =;52. A qud sd pdrld`d laga ug gahdca quds tdg euolkaomckhmhd hdotra hm lucturm has Dstmhas Tokhas rdld`d ugm oavm skjokeklma pmrm mtdo-hdr hdgmohms laoekjurmoha-sd pmrm eargmr ugm khdotkhmhd `rmskcdkrm. As vmcards oartd-mgdrklmoasqud dsta laohdosmhas oa supdr-fdrk sa hkcuhas d tagmg autras laotaroas par lmusm ha laotdx-

ta omlkaomc. M mutarm lacalm dg qudsta qud tmc supdr-fdrk oa sd lagpmtk`kc kzmrkm lag m rdmckhmhdslka-lucturmc `rmskcdkrm.

Oa mrtkja hd Fdcaksm \auzm Edrrdkrm, Hmoha vaz mas moolkas> as dslrmvas oas rdjkstras hd naromks

lmpkxm`ms (=68;-=666), sa momcksmhas moolkas hd eujm, lagprm, vdohm d mcujudc hd dslrmvas dhktm-has oas naromks ha Dsprkta \mota hurmotd a sluca VKV. M mutarm a`sdrvm qud as moolkas qud hdouo-lkmvmg m eujm hd dslrmvas euolkaomvmg laga ug vdluca hd lama mas koermtards hm cdk. Xmg`ga`sdrvm qud ms rdcmds dotrd sdofards d dslrmvas, pmutmhms dg ug skstdgm rkjkhmgdotd fkdrrqukla,hktmvmg ug laonuota hd lhkjas garmks d vmcards, eargucmoha ug khdrka ha qud drm nusta odstmsalkdhmhd. Hdstm eargm, ma hdcmtmr ugm eujm, guktms vdzds a sdofar tkofm laofdlkgdota ha gatkvahm dslmpmhm. \a`rd as moolkas rdedrdotds vdohm d mcujudc, oas qumks as dslrmvas sa lakskeklm-has, laostmtm-sd qud ms trmosmds hd lmtkvas cdvmvmg dg laotm mpdoms as kotdrdssds dlaogklas hmdcktd sdofarkmc.

Oa mrtkja Lcvks Gaurm d a ckvra Pd`dckds hm \dozmcm> ug `rdvd pmoarmgm sa`rd a hd`mtd hm

rdskstolkm dslrmvm, Justmva Arsacao hd \auzm m`arhm m koecuolkm hdstm a`rm om fkstarkajrmekm hmdslrmvkha dotrd ms hlmhms hd =;=;68-5=42 - www.emeklf.uegj. r/tdgparmckhmhds


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skhdrm m gucfdr laga a`ndta hm fkstrkm, gms skg a cujmr qud dcm alupm, sums laohkds hd vkhm d aspmpks qud mssugd. M mutarm rdvdcm, msskg, a cujmr ha jodra edgkokoa om eargma hm kolkpkdotdsalkdhmhd mlrdmom, hkslutkoha as dspmas par dcms alupmhas d ms rdprdsdotmds sa`rd dcms laostru-hms dg ug guoha gmrlmhmgdotd gmsluckoa.

As mutards Lcuhkm Mydr, Hmokdccd Tlfam, Naa Kva Humrtd Jukgmrds, Pmqudc Pahrkjuds d \mrmfhd @mrras Ukmom Fkssm laotrkùdg lag ugm kgpartmotd rdecdxa sa`rd m fkstrkm hms mrtds pcstklmsgkodkrm oa mrtkjaMo`mc Gmttas> eagdotmhar hms Mrtds Rcstklms om lkhmhd hd @dca Farkzaotd oa kolka hasluca VV. Odssd trm`mcfa doealmhm m mtuma ha pkotar Mo`mc Gmttas oa lkrlukta mrtstkla `dca-farkzaotkoa, mpaotmoha sum laotrkùka pmrm m lucturm hm lmpktmc gkodkrm. As mutards mkohm cmomg mpdrtkodotd qudsta hd laga mqudcd mrtkstm sd partau hkmotd hms larrdotds gahdrokstms dgdrjdotdsqud lackhkmg lag ms sums tdoholkms mlmhgklms.

Dstm dhka laotm mkohm lag hums rdsdofms qud màrhmg tdgtklms `mstmotd hkstkotms, gms guktardcdvmotds pmrm m laotdgparmodkhmhd. M prkgdkrm trmtm hm qudsta mg`kdotmc d hdhklmhm ma ckvraHdsdovacvkgdota, nustkm d gdka mg`kdotd, arjmokzmha par Nas Mujusta Rhum d prdemlkmha par Kjomly\mlfs, lag dhka arkjkomc hd 022;. Gmoudc Mgmrmc @udoa momcksm as lmptucas dslrktas par mutardshd hkvdrsms rdms ha laofdlkgdota sa` ugm pdrspdltkvm `mstmotd lrtklm ma laoldkta hd hdsdovacvk-gdota sustdotvdc hdedohkha om a`rm, mprdsdotmoha, msskg, ug kotdrdssmotd dxdrllka rdecdxkva sa`rda mssuota.

M sdjuohm rdsdofm hdstd ogdra hdhklm-sd ma ckvra Tgm Jatm hd \mojud> Fkstrkm ha pdosmgdo-ta rmlkmc, hd Hdgtrka Gmjoack. Edromoha Gmttkacck Ukdkrm màrhm ugm qudsta qud sd hdsdovacvd oa@rmskc hdshd a pdraha lacaokmc d om mtumckhmhd sd rdvdcm laga ug has gmkards pra`cdgms tokla-salkmks ha pms. Mssuota pacgkla, gms hd jrmohd rdcdvolkm, Gmtkacck mpaotm laga a mutar ha ckvrardlarrdu fkstarkajrmekm pmrm hdsgkstkeklmr ms khdkms hd supdrkarkhmhd toklm d hd rmm qud earmg

hkeuohkhms dg taha guoha hdshd a kolka ha sluca VKV. Xdrgkomha dssd pdrlursa fkstrkla sampaotmhms sacuds mprdsdotmhms par pmsds qud saerdrmg lag pra`cdgms rmlkmks om lrkma hd gdhk-hms hd lagpdosma mas jrupas qud earmg cdsmhas. Hkmcajmoha lag mutards laga Jkc`drta Erdyrd dautras salkcajas d fkstarkmhards, a mutar cdvmotm m pacgklm qudsta sa`rd a rmlksga oa @rmskcrdecdtkoha sa`rd as gmcdelkas d `dodelkas qud ms pactklms kolcuskvms pahdg jdrmr om salkdhmhd`rmskcdkrm.

Rmrm ekomckzmr dstm dhka laotmgas lag m trmoslrka halugdotmc hd Hmokdc Rrdlkasa sa`rd aeurta hd `rkolas hd aura aromhas lag hkmgmotds hd ugm kgmjdg hd Oassm \dofarm ha Rmrta, dg=:52, dg Ukcm Pklm ha Aura Rrdta. A mutar emz ugm mocksd lagdotmhm ha praldssa nurhkla d hakgmjkorka salkmc dovacvdoha m prahua ha muta hd hdvmssm lkvkc m`drta oa Nuza Arhkorka ha

\domha hm Lgmrm hd Ukcm Pklm laotrm m gucmtm Pktm mlusmhm pdca eurta has `rkolas.

Mohr Gmslmrdofms RdrdkrmLmrackom Gmrattm Lmpmodgm

Pmojdc Ldrldmu Odtta

Dhktarkmc

6Xdgparmckhmhds - Pdvkstm Hksldotd ha Rrajrmgm hd Rs-jrmhuma dg Fkstrkm hm TEGJ, vac. 0, o. 0, Mjasta/Hdzdg`ra hd 02=2 - K\\O>=;68-5=42 - www.emeklf.uegj. r/tdgparmckhmhds


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Xdgparmckhmhds - Rraedssar Ouoa, lagaa sdofar vdka m sd kotdrdssmr pdca lmgpahm Fkstrkm1 A sdofar lagdau sum trm-ndtrkm uokvdrsktrkm mps m Pdvacua hasLrmvas, ug gagdota gukta hdcklmhapmrm m vkhm pactklm partujudsm. A sdofarpdrld`d mcjugm koecuolkm dotrd agagdota pactkla qud a pms mtrmvdssmvmd ms hdgmohms pdcm prahua fkstarkajr-eklm1Ouoa Gaotdkra - A laotdxta pactklad, hdpaks, m Pdvacua has Lrmvas gmr-lmrmg d, hd mcjug gaha, hdtdrgk-omrmg a gdu kotdrdssd pdcm Fkstrkm.Ema pmrtd, nuotmgdotd lagmcjuos autras lacdjms fkstarkm-hards (laga @dromrha

Umslaoldcas d \ausm,= Motoka

Lastm Rkota0 d tmotas autras)hm ctkgm jdrma hd navdos par-tujudsds qud doerdotmrmg gkck-tmotdgdotd m hktmhurm ha Dstmha

Oava d as dspdltra hm Judrrmlacaokmc mkohm motds ha 04 hdm`rkc hd =;:8. Oa gdu lmsa, kstamkohm mlaotdldu oa doskoasdluohrka (doskoa ghka)qumoha drm gukta navdg d kssamlmàu par gmrlmr hdlkhkhm-gdotd m gkofm apa pdcmFkstrkm laga m hd guktas au-tras hd gkofm jdrma. Dg=;:8, a okla lursa hd Cksàm, a

hm Emluchmhd hd Cdtrms, odgsdqudr m`rku. Dg =;:4, qumohapar ekg puhdgas kojrdssmr,rmgas gmks hd gkc dstuhmotds.

Gavmga-oas, pdca gdoas as qud vk-ofmg hm gkcktolkm, oa par qumcqudrdxpdltmtkvm hd dgprdja odg sdqudrpar kgdhkmtms gatkvmds pactklms,gms pdcm vaotmhd hd lagprddohdrgdcfar a qud sd pmssmvm oassm vactm da qud oas mrrmstmrm pmrm m gkcktolkmmtkvm. Dslacfdgas m Fkstrkm par pmkxakotdcdltumc, d dssd ug prkvkcjka qudokojug oas tkrm. ]umsd okojug odstmmcturm, om oassm jdrma, dstuhau aKgprka. Xofmgas mlm`mha hd lag`m-tdr d doldrrmr ugm judrrm lacaokmc dhurmotd uos moas vkvdgas lag as trmu-

gms hm farrdohm prapmjmohm haDstmha Oava sa`rd dstds mssuotas. \gmks tmrhd sd hdu m vkrmjdg pmrm a qudpahdgas lfmgmr dstuhas sa`rdfkstrkm lacaokmc.

Xdgparmckhmhds - Lag m prapastm hdugm Fkstrkm vkstm hd `mkxa au hd ugmFkstarkm hms gkoarkms, ms dcktds tdo-hdrmg m sdr vkstms oa lmgpa hm Fkstrkmlaga ug a`ndta paula au omhm vmcarkzm-ha. \doha msskg, qud emtards earmghdtdrgkomotds om dslacfm hms dcktdslaga sdu prkolkpmc tdgm hd dstuhas1

Ouoa Gaotdkra - Ma laotrrkaha qud sd passm pdosmr, oalagdldk m dstuhmr ms dcktds, gmsma kovs hdcms ms rdvactms papu-cmrds. Dg dspdlkmc, as gavkgdo-tas lmgpaodsds. Gdu prkgdkratdgm hd kotdrdssd eak m dlaoa-gkm mjrrkm hm @mkxm KhmhdGhkm, tdoha laga jukm koquds-

tkaovdc Jdarjds Hu`y. Hdpakskotdrdssdk-gd pdcas gavkgdotaspapucmrds dg Rartujmc ha kolkaha sluca VKV, dxtrdgmgdotdvkacdotas d hagkomhas pdcmpactklm hm Laotrm Pdvacua.Hdpaks mlm`dk par kr pmrmr masdu laotrmpaota, au sdnm, masgavkgdotas laotrm as hkrdktassdofarkmks au eduhmks, gmks pdr-gdvdks lucturm pactklm ha ck-

`drmcksga. Ru`ckqudk msskg dg=;68, ug dstuha sa`rd m gmkarrdvactm motk-sdofarkmc partujud-

;


"Tg hkcaja lag a mcg-gmr> dotrdvkstm lag a Rraedssar Ouoa Jaomca Gaotdkrapar Lmrackom Gmrattm Lmpmodgm (@acskstm LMRD\) d Grlka ha \motas Pahrkjuds (@acskstm LORq).

dotrdvkstmdotrdvkstm

Dstm dhka hm Xdgparmckhmhds trmz ugm dotrdvkstm lag a praedssar partujus Ouoa Jaomca Gaotdkra. KovdstkjmharLaarhdomhar ha Kostktuta hd Lkolkms \alkmks hm Tokvdrskhmhd hd Cksàm hdshd 022:, tdg hautarmha dg FkstrkmGahdrom pdcm E.L.\.F/Tokvdrskhmhd Oavm hd Cksàm d mutar hd, dotrd autras ckvras, Dcktds d Rahdr. Dotrd a Motkja Pdjkgd da Ck`drmcksga (022hms arkjdos m Xrdota> jukm fkstrkla (Ckvras Farkzaotd, 0225, 0 dh.).0Hautar pdca Kostktuta Tokvdrsktrka Durapdu hd Ecardom d mjrdjmha pdca K\LXD (=;;;). Arjmokzmhar, ma cmha hd Ouoa \dvdrkmoa Xdkxdkrm, hd Rartujmc d m Kotdjrma Durapdkm, =;84-=;65> m pdrspdltkvm has mltards (Xdgms& Hd`mtds, 022:).


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sm qud tdvd cujmr dg =608 oas lautashd Mcla`mm. Lurkasmgdotd, eak a dstu-ha ha rdjkgd sdofarkmc qud gd cdvau mkotdrdssmr-gd tmg`g pdcas sdofards.Hurmotd mcjug tdgpa, fdsktdk dotrd

sdofards d lmgpaodsds mlm`moha pardstuhmr as prkgdkras, gms m apapahdrkm tdr skha pdredktmgdotd m autrm.Om dslacfm oa pdsmrmg qumksqudrmekokhmhds dcdtkvms, paks qumcqudr ugmhms apds sdrkm cdjtkgm, kotdrdssmotdau rdcdvmotd. Msskg, ouolm dslacfk mFkstrkm vkstm hd `mkxa au m Fkstrkmvkstm hd lkgm. Xrmtm-sd, mcks, hd ugmapa erdqudotdgdotd hdgmjjklm dmcjugms vdzds gdotdlmptm. Oa

tagmgas pmrtkha dg euoa ha a`ndltahd dstuha qud dslacfdgas d skg pdcmeargm laga a dstuhmgas.

Xdgparmckhmhds - Dg qud paotas a sdutrm`mcfa hdsmekm ms vksds lcssklms sa`rdms dcktds d m gaomrqukm partujudsm1Ouga Gaotdkra - Dg prkgdkra cujmr,mlfa kgpartmotd su`ckofmr qud oa dxks-tkmg vksds vdrhmhdkrmgdotd lcssklms,pdca gdoas hm fkstarkajrmekm partujud-

sm. Xdoha gmks m laoskhdrmr qud dxkstkmug jrmohd hdslaofdlkgdota hmgmtrkm. Dg taha lmsa, pdosa qudfauvd mcjugms qudstds qud gdus trm-`mcfas mnuhmrmg m pdrld`dr. Hdshdcaja, a emlta hd oa dxkstkr ugmoa`rdzm, gms ugm fkdrmrqukm lagpcdxmd mgpcm hd hkvdrsms oa`rdzms lagpaulas mtrkùtas laguos, pmrm mcg hdtahas pdrtdoldrdg ma guoha hmsdcktds. Om `msd, dxkstkm ugm lmtdjarkm

mgpcm d hkeusm, qud kolcum a qud sd las-tugm lfmgmr hd oa`rdzms hms tdrrms.Oa tapa, ugm dcktd mrkstalrtklm lao-ldotrmhm dg taroa hm Lartd ha Pdk ddxtrdgmgdotd edlfmhm, rdjucmhm parugm rjkhm hkslkpckom emgkckmr. Gukta haqud sd hkz sa`rd ms oa`rdzms dg jdrmc,mpcklmvm-sd mpdoms m dstd jrupa, dotrdautrms laksms a emlta hd oa hdpdohdr`msklmgdotd hm praprkdhmhd hm tdrrm,gms hd hkrdktas la`rmhas sa`rd qudg mdxpcarmvm d hdtkofm. @am pmrtd hdstdshkrdktas drm a`tkhm mtrmvs hd `dos hmLaram d lagdohms, au sdnm, hm rdgu-odrma hd sdrvkas. Drm par kssa qud asaelkas gmks kgpartmotds hm gaomrqukmtdohkmg m sdr gaoapackzmhas par dstdjrupa, sa`rdtuha hdpaks hm rdstmurma

hd =582. A dstuha hms dcktds gd mnuhautmg`g m pdrspdltkvmr hd ugm gmodkrmhkedrdotd m gaomrqukm, lakolkhkoha lagvrkas autras om kgpartolkm m laoedrkrmas gdlmoksgas hd rdguodrma hd

sdrvkas d om rdvksa hd ugm kgmjdg hdug m`sacutksga ldotrmckstm d ùralrtk-la, oa sdotkha wd`drkmoa ha tdrga. Rarekg, a gdu trm`mcfa tdohdu m hdgaos-trmr qud a trkuoea ck`drmc dg Rartujmchdpaks hm judrrm lkvkc hd =6 a ermols Mc`drt \kc`drt da partujus Motoka Gmoudc Fdspmofm.Dgàrm hkslarhd hdcd dg guktms laksms,m koecuolkm hd Fdspmofm eak sdg hvkhmodofugm gukta kgpartmotd. Rar ekg,hdstmlmrkm ms gkofms cdkturms hm fkstrkmsalkmc mojca-smxoklm, kolcukoha mutardslcssklas ta laotrmpastas laga D. R.Xfagpsao au Cmwrdold \taod. Earm halmgpa rdstrkta hm fkstarkajrmekm, mskoecuolkms gmks gmrlmotds earmg m hdmcjugm motrapacajkm salkmc, gms, sa`rd-tuha hm a`rm hd Rkdrrd @aurhkdu.Lurkasmgdotd oa tmota a sdu ckvra Mhkstkoa, gms as sdus trm`mcfas sa`rdms salkdhmhds lmgpaodsms, qud mekomc sdpmrdlkmg `mstmotd lag m has gdus mrks-talrmtms.

=2




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Xdgparmckhmhds - Om palm dg qud lur-sau m jrmhuma dg Fkstrkm omTokvdrskhmhd hd Cksàm, ma dstuhmr mFkstrkm gahdrom hd Rartujmc d sums

rdcmds lag sdus hagokas, vals ckmg asfkstarkmhards m tdr gmkar pdodtrma dgRartujmc d laga kssa sd hdu1Ouoa Gaotdkra - Oa gdu tdgpa hddstuhmotd, pdosa qud pmrm mcg hdrdedrolkms lcssklms d hd koecuolkmshkeusms (laga m hd Jkc`drta Erdyrd) aokla fkstarkmhar `rmskcdkra qud tdvdugm doargd pdodtrma dg Rartujmc,aohd eak pu`cklmha, eak EdromohaOavmks, tdoha ug lmptuca hm sum tdsd

skha pu`cklmhm dg Rartujmc dg =;:5, sdoa dstau dg drra. M jrmohd pdod-trma hm fkstarkajrmekm `rmskcdkrm hdu-sdsa`rdtuha oas ctkgas qukozd moas.Odstd praldssa, pmrm mcg hm doargdvktmckhmhd hm prahua `rmskcdkrm, lao-skhdra sdr nusta rdlaofdldr a pmpdcgukta skjokeklmtkva qud tkvdrmg as kotdr-lg`kas lkdoteklas dotrd Rartujmc d@rmskc d, ougm ldrtm emsd, m LagkssaOmlkaomc pmrm m Lagdgarma has

Hdsla`rkgdotas Rartujudsds, d as sdusprdskhdotds, dg pmrtklucmr Fdspmofm dPagdra Gmjmcfds.

Xdgparmckhmhds - Oa ckvra Ms guktmsemlds hm fkstrkm, dg qud m fkstarkmharmGmrkm Clkm Jmrlkm Rmccmrds-@urid dotrd-vkstm oavd laods hm fkstarkajrmekm kotdrom-lkaomc, f ugm pdrjuotm rdlarrdotd massdus dotrdvkstmhas qud ldrtmgdotd rdvdcmgukta sa`rd ms dslacfms d a pdrekc

mlmhgkla hd lmhm ug hdcds. Xagmohadgprdstmhm m qudsta hm fkstarkmharm,jastmrmgas hd sm`dr> hdotrd as ckvras hdsum rdm hd kotdrdssd, qumks jastmrkm hd tdrdslrkta1Ouoa Gaotdkra - Umk guhmoha lag atdgpa, tmc laga as ragmolds, as ekcgdsau m gsklm! Gms f ckvras dslrktas oa@rmskc qud gd sdrvdg hd kospkrma,pmrm a qud mkohm jastmrkm hd emzdr. Rardxdgpca, qumoha mckmg m omrrmtkvmpactklm lag m mocksd dstruturmc

Xdgparmckhmhds - Rraedssar, as dstuhassa`rd ms rdcmds dotrd as tdrrktrkas laca-okmks d a Pdkoa suslktmg vrkms qudstds dhkekluchmhds kotdrprdtmtkvms trmhuzkhms,

guktms vdzds, om skgpckeklma ha usa hdlaoldktas sdg guktm rdecdxa tdrklm, tmkslaga gdtrpacd d lacokm, ldotra d pdrked-rkm, laoqukstm d hagoka, salkdhmhd dstm-gdotmc d salkdhmhd hd arhdos, dotrd au-tras. Dg sdu lursa gkokstrmha om TEGJ,om almska hd sum dstmhkm om Ltdhrm hdDstuhas K`dra-Cmtkoa-Mgdrklmoas ha KDMX,a sdofar hdgaostrau jrmohd prdalupmadg lfmgmr m mtdoa pmrm m kgpartolkmhm hkedrdolkma dotrd dssds laoldktas. A

sdofar pahdrkm oas laotmr ug paula gmkssa`rd kssa1Ouoa Gaotdkra - Gdtrpacd d lacokm,ldotra d pdrkedrkm ms lmtdjarkmshklatgklms tdohdg m sdr rdhutarms.Odstd lmsa, sa tmg`g momolroklms.Rar dxdgpca, m apaskagdtrpacd/lacokm mpdoms sd hkeuohdgukta tmrhkmgdotd, n `dg hdotra hmsdjuohm gdtmhd ha sluca VUKKK. M sumutkckzma sujdrd ugm fagacajkm tatmc

dotrd a javdroa has hagokas uctrm-gmrkoas oa sluca VUKKK d oa sluca VVqud , oa dssdolkmc hkstarlkhm, paks mslacokms motkjms rdpausmvmg, dg àmgdhkhm, oa javdroa has qud c dstmvmg.Oa sd trmtm hd hdedohdr pasturms rdcm-tkvkstms au, oa paca apasta, hd rdm kcktmreklds cusa-trapklmckstms, gms hd tdr dglaotm a qud sd vmk laofdldoha sa`rd mpalm d as sdus laotdxtas.

Xdgparmckhmhds - Laoskhdrmoha m mssdrtk-vm hd ug fkstarkmhar laga Gmrl @calf hdqud tuha pmrtd ha prdsdotd d rdtarom maprdsdotd, dg qud gdhkhm a dstuha hmsckojumjdos d lmtdjarkms ha Motkja Pdjkgd,ckvrd hd momlraoksgas, pahd sdrvkr lagagmtrkm hd rdecdxa pmrm m lagprddosahd prtklms hm laotdgparmodkhmhd1Ouoa Gaotdkra - Ldrtmgdotd. Mnuhm-oas m pdosmr qud a guoha oa tdg qudsdr s M au @, gms tmg`g pahd sdr L.Oa sau rdcmtkvkstm, gms mlrdhkta qud as

pmssmhas pcurmks oas mnuhmg m pdosmrqud as prdsdotds passvdks tg gmksmctdromtkvms ha qud mqukca qud sd lastu-gm sujdrkr. \m`dgas lmhm vdz gdoas`dg a qud sdr gahdroa. A qud oa

oas hdvd emzdr rdouolkmr m ldrtas vm-cards gahdroas, laga m hdedsm kolaohk-lkaomc hms ck`drhmhds kohkvkhumks au hdugm gmks nustm hkstrkùka hm rkqudzm.Gms oas emz pdosmr gmks om hkvdrskhmhdhd lmgkofas qud sd pahdg pdrlarrdroug laotdxta dg qud as dqukc`rkasjca`mks ha pcmodtm saerdrmg guhmomsrmhklmks, oa prdvkstms par okojug,mlkgm hd tuha, oa prdvkstms pdcasdlaoagkstms as oklas qud mkohm tg

dssm prdtdosa.

Xdgparmckhmhds - ]umks sdrkmg as sdusprxkgas prandtas d a`ndtas hd pdsquksms1Ouoa Gaotdkra - Mlm`dk hd lacmàrmrougm Fkstrkm hd Rartujmc (022;), lagm pmrtd hm palm gahdrom, d hd laar-hdomr a vacugd sa`rd m gdsgm palmhm Fkstrkm hd Ukhm Rrkvmhm dg Rartujmc(oa Omtmc hd 02=2), qud mlm`dk qumo-ha mkohm dstmvm dg @F! Dg mgàs as

lmsas, earmg haks dsearas doargds,gms lag jrmohd kgpmlta d guktms vdo-hms. Mjarm vau emzdr ugm pmusm.Dgpdofmr-gd oa prandlta sa`rd lagu-oklma pactklm om gaomrqukm partujud-sm qud tdofa lag m Gmemchm \amrds hm

Luofm, a YRdhraW Lmrhkg,< a Naa

Ermjasa,8 a Nul,4 m Edromohm @klmcfa,5

a YPaomch NasW Pmgkodcck, : a ^

Hmgka,6 m Lmrcm Mcgdkhm,; a

YErmolksla Lmrcas LmrhasaWLasdotkoa=2 d autras. Xmg`ghdsmekdk m Nokm Eurtmha pmrm mcjuostdgms. Xmcvdz v dslrdvdr sa`rd Rag`mcd sa`rd m kcustrma dg Rartujmc. Xmcvdzsa`rd lrkmhas d dslrmvas dg RartujmcDoekg, tmcvdz v dslrdvdr a ckvra qudokojug gd dolagdohau!

==



< Hautar dg Fkstrkm Gahdrom pdcm TOC9 praedssar mssalkmha TOC. La-arjmokzmhar, lag Gmrkm Edromohm Pacca d Mom Ksm`dc @udslu, hd A Xdrrmgata hd =:44. Fkstrkm d Lkolkm hm Lmtstraed (Lack`rk, 0226).8 Rs-hautar pdcm Tokvdrskhmhd hd Cksàm d praedssar tktucmr hm TEPN. Mutar hd Fagdos hd Jrassm Mvdoturm> Mlugucma d Fkdrmrqukm om Rrmm Gdrlmotkc ha Pka hd Nmodkra (=:;2-=6Fkstrkms hd dcktds oa Motkja Pdjkgd oas trpklas. Mgrklm cusm, slucas VUK m VUKKK (Lkvkckzma @rmskcdkrm, 022:).5 Gmrkm Edromohm @klmcfa. Mtumc laarhdomharm ha Rrajrmgm hd Rs-Jrmhuma dg Fkstrkm hm TEE9 ps-hautarm pdcm Tokvdrskhmhd hd Cksàm. Tgm hms arjmokzmharms hd Lucturm pactklm, gdgrkm d fkstarkajrmekm (EuohmaJdtcka Umrjms, 022;).: Hautar dg Fkstrkm \alkmc pdcm Tokvdrskhmhd hd \a Rmuca. Mutar hd Ukmjdos uctrmgmrkoms. Gaomrlms, vmssmcas d javdroa m hkstolkm (Mcmgdhm, 0226).6 Nas Hmgka Pahrkjuds. Laarhdomhar ha Olcda hm Tokvdrskhmhd has Mards ha Ldotra hd Fkstrkm hd Mcg-Gmr (LFMG). Arjmokzmhar, ma cmha hd Ermolksla Nas Mrmohm Rrdz, hd Hd Pd Ru`cklm Fkspmokmd> Tom vkohk-lmlko hd cm lucturm pactklm do cas rdkoas k`rklas do cm prkgdrm gahdrokhmh (Gmhrk, \cdx, 0226).; Lmrcm Gmrkm Lmrvmcfa hd Mcgdkhm. Hautarm dg Fkstrkm pdcm TEE d praedssarm mhnuotm hm TENE. Mutarm hd Pklas d pa`rds dg Gkoms Jdrmks> prahua d fkdrmrqukzma salkmc oa guoha lacaokmc, =:42-=600 (Mrjvgdotug,02=2).=2 Hautar dg Fkstrkm pdcm TEE d praedssar mhnuota hm TEU. Mutar hd Javdromhards Jdrmks ha Dstmha ha @rmskc (slucas VUK-VUKK)> aelka, rdjkgdotas, javdroma d trmndtrkms (Moom`cugd, 022;).


12/119

Laoskhdrmds koklkmks

MEksklmturm Gr ha Pdkoa, qud mtuau oa @rmskc hd=626 m =606, eak ug rja rdspaosvdc pdcmrdjucmgdotma d ekslmckzma hms hkedrdotds mtkvk-hmhds ckjmhms s mrtds hm lurm. Hkvdrsas mtumotds oarmga laga lkrurjkds, ghklas, hdotkstms dàtklrkas, smojrmhards, lurmohdkras d pmrtdkrms,rdlarrkmg m dcd pmrm praldhdrdg ma dxmgd hdlaofdlkgdotas sa`rd sum mrtd m ekg hd rdld`drdgms ckldoms d lmrtms praeksskaomks. Rar gdka hdstdrja p`ckla, dstds aeklkmotds, kolcuskvd tdrmpdutms

papucmrds, tkvdrmg sdu sm`dr rdlaofdlkha lagacdjtkga d earmg mutarkzmhas m dxdrldrdg sums

mtkvkhmhds. 0

Lag m dxtkoa hm Eksklmturm Gr, alarrdrmgmctdrmds oa dxdrllka hms mrtds hd lurmr. As lfm-gmhas tdrmpdutms papucmrds n oa dstmvmg gmks

mutarkzmhas m dxdrldrdg sdu aelka hd eargm cdjmc. Xfks mrtklcd momcyzds tfd qumrrdcs `dtwddo tfd mpatfdlmrkds / pfmrgmldutklmc moh atfdrs warikoj ko tfd fdmckoj mrts ko tfdrdjkao ae Gkoms okodtddotf ldotury, erag halugdots rdcmtdh ta pu`ckl fdmctf moh wktf tfd suppart ae `k`ckajrmpfklmc saurlds. Ko tfkshalugdotmtkao mrd rdjkstdrdh rdparts, tfd lagpcmkots, hksmjrddgdots moh laoecklts dtwddo mpatfdlmrkds ar pfmrgmlksts slfacmrs mohprmltktkaodrs, mgaoj tfdg, haltars moh gdrlfmots. Xfdsd halugdots dgpfmskzd tfd sdmrlf ear qumckekdh aeeklkmots, `mlidh `y cdjks-cmtkao, `y hdckgktkoj moh mssdrtkoj m praedsskaomc, aold tfdkr pcmykoj ekdch wms kovmhdh `y prmltklmc lurd. \ulf saurlds mrd trmlds ko muokqud wmy ae laotrkùtkoj ta tfd fkstary ae gdhklkod, pfmrgmly moh fdmctf. Zktf tfks momcysks, tfd lagpcmkots wkcc `d ioawo, tfd`dfmvkar ae tfd lfmrmltdrs kovacvdh, tfd rdcmtkaosfkps ùkct `dtwddo tfd pfmrgmlkst moh tfd hksm`cdh papucmtkao, tfd mttktuhd ae tfdmutfarktkds, tfd hkeedrdot pdreargmolds ae mpatfdlmrkds moh hkvdrskty ko tfd warch ae fdmckoj ko tkgd moh pcmld kohklmtdh.

Idy-warhs> mpatfdlmrkds, fdmckoj mrts, Gkoms okodtddotf ldotury


13/119

Xrmtmoha-sd hm Rravolkm gkodkrm, dg =6 Dhktarm Tokvdrskhmhd hd\a Rmuca, =;;=.vac.09 EKJTDKPDHA,@J. M mrtd hd lurmr> lkrurjkds, ghk-las, atklrkas d lurmohdkras oa sluca

VKV dg Gkoms Jdrmks. Pka hd

Nmodkra>Ulka hd Cdkturm, 02209 \MG-RMKA, JP. Oms trkolfdkrms hm lurm> mshkedrdotds gdhklkoms ha Pka hd NmodkraKgpdrkmc9 OMUM, R. Lmptucas hd Fkstrkmhm Gdhklkom oa @rmskc. Latkm, \a Rmuca>

Mtdck Dhktarkmc, 022lkrurjkds, ghklas, `atklrkas dlurmohdkras oa sluca VKV dg Gkoms

Jdrmks, p.===.=prtklms ghklms om Lmgpkoms aktaldo-

tkstm. Ko> LFMCFAT@, \.Mrtds d aelkashd lurmr oa @rmskc. Lmptucas hd Fkstrkm\alkmc. Lmgpkoms> Toklmgp, 022


14/119

dxdrlkmg autrms mrtds hd lurm hd gmodkrm kcdjmc,mkohm cutmvmg pmrm tdr sdu lmgpa hd mtuma ckvrdhd autras laolarrdotds. M rdcma dstm`dcdlkhmdotrd àtklrkas/emrgmlutklas d m papucma, `dglaga a rdspmcha hdstm d hms mutarkhmhds mas prk-

gdkras tmg`g pahdr sdr vdrkeklmha oms ckofmsqud sd sdjudg. M màrhmjdg hdstd trm`mcfa prd-tdohd sdr gmks ugm laotrkùka pmrm m fkstarkajrm-ekm laotdgparodm qud trmtm hd tdgms hm fkstrkmhm gdhklkom, hm emrglkm d hm smhd.

@atklrkas/emrgmlutklas, ghklasd odjalkmotds oa uokvdrsa hm lurmOm rdjka hms Gkoms Jdrmks fmvkm ugm hkvdrskhm-

hd hd hkvdrjolkms d laoecktas dotrd ghklas d atk-lrkas d dotrd dstds d odjalkmotds. Odstd sdotkhadrm gukta lagug ms mutarkhmhds hd \mhd R`cklmrdld`drdg hdoolkms d sacklktmds hd mvdrkjum-ds sa`rd a dxdrllka kcdjmc hm gdhklkom d hm emr-glkm.

M pmrtkr hd mlusmds, edktms jdrmcgdotd parghklas, as Rrdskhdotds hms Lgmrms guoklkpmks dhdgmks mutarkhmhds calmks dovkmvmg aelkas mas eks-lmks pmrm tagmrdg pravkholkms qumota ma emta hdas àtklrkas dxdrldrdg m gdhklkom. Hdtdltmhm mkrrdjucmrkhmhd, a ekslmc hdvdrkm guctmr a koermtar dgldg gkc rks, vmcar dstd dstkpucmha pdca hdlrdtao606 hd 0; hd sdtdg`ra hd =64=, mrtkja o 04. Oalmsa hd rdkolkholkm, m guctm sdrkm hupcklmhm d a

kohkvhua pmssmrkm qukozd hkms om lmhdkm.=4

Lagguokla m U\ qud koha m lmsm ha \r. Motaokahas \motas d \kcvm, mfk hdpmrdk lag ug vkhra hdrdgdhka qud rdgdtta m U\ d qud eak mvkmha ompfmrgmlkm ha sr. Motaoka \dvdrkoa hd Lmstra d\kcvm, rdskhdotd odstm Erdjudskm. Dxmgkomoha artuca hdssd vkhra, U\ oa dolaotrmr mfk, odg aoagd ha hadotd, odg a ha gdhkla. Arm, sau auokla lckokla hdstm Erdjudskm. Oa gd laostmqud tdofm skha lfmgmha motds gdhkla pmrm vrdssd hadotd. Rartmota, U\ qudkrm tdr m àohmhd

hd mvdrkjumr sd dssd rdghka eak eargucmha pargdhkla, au par mcjug mcfdka m mrtd hd lurmr.=5

Om hdoolkm hd dxdrllka kcdjmc hm gdhklkom,edktm dg =666, laotrm a emrgmlutkla Motoka\dvdrkoa hd Lmstra d \kcvm, a ghkla rdlcmgmotd,Dgkcka Jagds hm Lastm Gkrmohm, mpravdktau agagdota pmrm sd khdotkeklmr laga a okla lcoklahm Erdjudskm. A`vkmgdotd, dstd hautar, par gdkahd sum qudkxm nuota mutarkhmhd, vksmvm mssdjurmr msum suprdgmlkm ghklm om calmckhmhd aohd dxdrlkmsum praekssa, ug lmgpa ha sm`dr oa qumc sagdo-

td dcd drm mutarkzmha par cdk d pdcas laofdlkgdotasmlmhgklas m mtumr. ]umota ma lagpartmgdota haemrgmlutkla, km pmrm mcg has ckgktds hd sdu aelkahd àtklmr pmrm mtdohdr qudcds qud a pralurmvmpmrm a`tdr m lurm. Gdsga fmvdoha ug lcoklaguokha hd tahms ms qumckeklmds oa cujmrdna, drmdstd àtklrka, sdg m hdvkhm kostrua mlmhgklm

au ttuca, qudg rdldktmvm d eargucmvm a gdhklm-gdota pmrm m papucma.

A mrtkja 44 ha Pdjucmgdota `mkxmha lag ahdlrdta o ;448 hd < hd edvdrdkra hd =665 hdtdr-gkomvm qud as àtklrkas hdvdrkmg trmoslrdvdr dg

rtucas ms rdldktms qud eassdg gmokpucmr. Odstds,hdvdrkm laostmr tmg`g a oagd ha emrgmlutkla dhd sum àtklm, a gaha hd usmr a gdhklmgdota, aoagd hm pdssam qud krkm emzdr usa hm su`stolkm da oagd ha ghkla qud edz m ergucm ha rdghka.

Msskg, mcg hd koerkojkr a mrtkja 44, Motoka\dvdrkoa dstmrkm hdsa`dhdldoha ma mrtkja 8= hagdsga rdjucmgdota ma rdldktmr d eargucmr gdhk-lmgdotas.

M pravkholkm tagmhm pdca Hdcdjmha hdFkjkdod hm Lkhmhd hd \m`mr, Mcerdha Gmjoa\dpcvdhm, pmrm a lmsa eak dovkmr ug aelka ma sdu

supdrkar, a Kospdtar Jdrmc hd Fkjkdod, Gmoadc hdMrmja Jdstdkrm, hdslrdvdoha hdtmcfmhmgdotd mhdoolkm ha Hautar Gkrmohm, laga pahd sdr vkstam sdjukr.

Kccga sr. Kolcusa rdgdttd-a m U\ ug aeeklka haKccga sr. Hr. Dgkcka Gkrmohm ghkla lckokla dgGmttaskofas hdouolkmoha a pfmrgmldutklaLmstra d \kcvm par dxdrldr m mrtd hd lurmr sdg

tktuca qud a fm`kcktd9 dxkstd tmg`dg dg gdapahdr ug vkhra cmlrmha lag (...) ratuca (...) YqudWdstm laotrm a mrtkja 44 ha Pdjucmgdota smoktmrkapaks oa tdg a oagd ha gdhkla odg ha

hadotd.=:

A kospdtar prassdjud dg sdu rdcmta hkzdoha,

(...) pda m U\ gms YsklW arhdos, paks sd ug ghk-la oa pahd rdjdr ugm pfmrgmlkm, ug pfmrgm-ldutkla gukta gdoas pahd dxdrldr m mrhum d hkek-lkc tmrdem hd lurmr. Hdsdna pmrm a Hautar Gkrmohmm nustkm (...). A pfmrgmldutkla Lmstra d \kcvm9 oasdoha dstd puokha pdcms cdks fyjkdoklms, qudrahdshd n m gkofm hdgkssa. A pfmrgmldutklaLmstra d \kcvm oa pahd rdldktmr d odg mvkmr ear-

gucms sdg m rdspaosm`kckhmhd ha gdhkla (...).=6

Oa dotmota, fmvkm qudg oa laoskhdrmssd dstmprtklm laga dxdrllka kcdjmc. \mgpmka hkssdrtmsa`rd ug lmsa alarrkha om Ukcm hd Haks Lrrdjas,dg \a Rmuca oa moa hd =666, oa qumc ug àtklrka

tmg`g eak mlusmha hd dxdrldr kcdjmcgdotd m gd-hklkom. Hd mlarha lag a su`hdcdjmha hdstd cujmrd-na, oa dxkstkm lrkgd oa emta hd ug emrgmlutklasdg hkpcagm hd gdhklkom rdldktmr gdhklmgdotas.

Ma laotrrka, dstm drm ugm prtklm rdlarrdotdomqudcd stka d gukta dstkgucmhm mtrmvs hm ùslm

hd rklas d pa`rds par dstd tkpa hd mtdohkgdota.=;Kohdpdohdotdgdotd hm laohka ekomoldkrm aukostrua has doedrgas, dcds prdedrkmg as lukhmhaskohklmhas pdca àtklrka.

Dg =655 a Faspktmc hm \motm Lmsm hmGksdrklrhkm hd \m`mr mkohm oa tkofm àtklm. Asàtklrkas hm lkhmhd sd rduokmg om kostktuka pmrm

=4Lacda hms Cdks ha Kgprka ha@rmskc. Hdlrdta o606 hd 0;/2;/=64=,mrtkja o.04.

=5\mhd R`cklm> LM\XPA d \KCUM,Motoka \dvdrkoa. \R/RR=, 05. Lx.==9hal. =0. =666. MRG.

=:\mhd R`cklm> LM\XPA d \KCUM,Motoka \dvdrkoa. \R/RR=, 05. Lx.==9hal. =0. =666. MRG.

=6\mhd R`cklm> LM\XPA d \KCUM,Motoka \dvdrkoa. \R/RR=, 05. Lx.==9hal. =0. =666. MRG.

=;\MGRMKA, JP. Oms trkolfdkrms hmlurm> ms hkedrdotds gdhklkoms ha Pka hd

Nmodkra Kgpdrkmc, p.=08.

=8



15/119

laolarrdrdg mrrdgmtma hd earodlkgdota hdgdhklmgdotas. Mqudcd qud earodldssd as rdg-hkas laostmotds oa ckvra hd ergucms pdca vmcar gmksmldssvdc s laohkds ekomoldkrms hm kostktuka

vdoldrkm m laolarrolkm d prahuzkrkm ms hrajms dg

sum prprkm àtklm.Odssm palm, a ghkla qud mck prdstmvm

msskstolkm lrkau kolgahas ma àtklrka ha faspk-tmc. Ermolksla Jaomcvds Pahrkjuds Ckgm fmvkm skhalaotrmtmha pmrm earodldr as rdghkas prdslrktasdg ug ckvra laoedllkaomha pdca ghkla d rdld`d-rkm par dstd sdrvka ug vmcar ekxa, dstkpucmha oalaotrmta. Dotrdtmota, a ghkla mlmàu prahuzkohaautra ckvra, oa qumc ms ergucms rdsuctmvmg dggdhklmgdotas lag prdas supdrkards mas koklkmc-gdotd dstm`dcdlkhas.

A emrgmlutkla, qud sd prdnuhklmrkm lag m pra-

hua has oavas rdghkas, sdotkoha-sd pdrsdjukhapdca ghkla, laguoklau ma Faspktmc qud krkmrdslkohkr a laotrmta. As hkrkjdotds hm lmsm hd smhdlaostmtmrmg m krrdjucmrkhmhd ha ghkla d a hdgk-

tkrmg. ]umota ma àtklrka, dstd laotkouau m

dxdrldr sum mrtd om \motm Lmsm hd \m`mr.02 Dgguktas gagdotas dstd emrgmlutkla, om musolkmhd ghkla, tmg`g msskstku mas hadotds hdssd fas-pktmc d pravmvdcgdotd eak dstd a gatkva ha pra`cd-

gm dotrd mg`ms ms pdrsaomjdos.0=

Oatm-sd odstd dpkshka qud a ghkla oa tdvd

pdrha has mhgkokstrmhards hm lmsm hd smhd. Dcdpahdrkm mpdoms tdr skha mcdrtmha sa`rd m g laohu-tm d rdedkta a ckvra hd rdghkas, gms eak caja hdgk-tkha. Dstds hkrkjdotds prdedrkrmg mpakmr a emrgm-lutkla, pdrgktkoha m dcd earodldr as gdhklmgdo-

tas d mt mtumr laga ghkla om kostktuka dgmcjuos gagdotas, mkohm qud oa tkvdssd a sm`drdspdlkmckzmha. Dstm prdedrolkm pahd dstmr rdcm-lkaomhm m qudstds hd lmrtdr, medtkvkhmhd, hdmgkzmhd d laoekmom.

\dg hvkhm, a emta hd guktas àtklrkasdxdrldrdg a aelka has ghklas drm gatkva hd

srkms `rkjms, dgàrm tmc prtklm eassd ta lagug.A qud sd msskstd hurmotd a pdraha kgpdrkmc, pargdka hms eaotds, qud a uokvdrsa hm lurm mkohm drmug vmsta lmgpa alupmha par hkedrdotds pdrsa-omjdos, hkpcagmhms au oa. Ha paota hd vkstm hmpapucma dg jdrmc, oa fmvkm ugm hdckgktmalcmrm dotrd ms praekssds oa sluca VKV, odg adotdohkgdota hd qud sdrkm passkvdcgdotd `doeklaprdedrkr a mtdohkgdota hd ug mlmhgkla ma hd ugprtkla.

A qud ms pdssams hdsdnmvmg drm a`tdr m lurmpdcas gdkas qud sums lrdoms doskomrmg d tmg`g

pdcm elkc mldssk`kckhmhd ma lurmhar. A garkùohahdsdnmvm rdld`dr m lurm hmqudcd prtkla qud sdg-prd lukhau hd sum smhd d hm smhd hd sdusmotdpmssmhas. Dcd ùslmvm m lurm par gdka hmqud-cds qud dcd laofdlkm d laoekmvm, par mqudcds quddrmg mutarkzmhas pdcm prtklm d pdcas sm`drds hasmoldstrmks trmosgktkhas mtrmvs hms jdrmds. D,

guktms vdzds, dstds drmg as àtklrkas, paks, lao-eargd @dtokm Ekjudkrdha, a emrgmlutkla cajrmvmhdsdovacvdr cmas hd praxkgkhmhd, ugm rdcma hdkotkgkhmhd d hd laoekmom lag as lckdotds qud kmgmt sdu dstm`dcdlkgdota. Drm dstm ekjurm qudg

msskstkm d mluhkm as doedrgas, qudg auvkm ms cmgdo-tmds d prdstmvm as prkgdkras salarras00.

\doha msskg, a uokvdrsa hm lurm drm ug dspmadg laostmotd cktjka oa qumc, uos ùslmvmg sum mekr-gma d cdjktkgkhmhd mtrmvs hd ug ttuca praeks-skaomc d, msskg, suprkgkr hd sdu lmgkofa autras,qud as kgpdhkmg hd mtkojkr sdus a`ndtkvas. Rar kssaearmg ta erdqudotds ms hdoolkms d dxkjolkms halugprkgdota hm cdk. Laotuha, odstd lmgpa, dstmvmkolcuhm tmg`g m laoekmom, m medtkvkhmhd, m mlds-sk`kckhmhd m dstds praeksskaomks, m lagpdtolkm, qudguktms vdzds oa drm jmrmotkhm pdcm passd hd ughkpcagm, sagmhms vksa pmrtklucmr hd guoha hasdoedrgas d has aeklkmotds, mcg hd kotdrdssds hd

vrkms arhdos.Xrmtmoha dspdlkeklmgdotd hm gdhklkom, dstm drm

mkohm ugm rdm m sdr laoqukstmhm pdcas prprkasghklas, drm ug lmgpa qud mkohm pmssmrkm par ugpraldssa hd hdckgktma d cdjktkgma praeksskaomc.Rratmjaokstms hdstm fkstrkm, as ghklas aktaldotks-

tms prdlksmvmg mkohm laovdoldr m papucma hd quddrmg as oklas mutarkzmhas, par cdk, d tmcvdz pdcmlmpmlktma mlmhgklm, m dxdrldr m gdhklkom. Rmrm

dssm papucma, laga `dg hdgaostrm m fkstarka-jrmekm d m halugdotma, pdca gdoas pmrm mqudcdgagdota, a ghkla drm mpdoms gmks ug mtumotd ommrtd hm lurm.

Ma ùslmr sdu prprka dspma hd mtuma, asghklas sd hdedohkmg lag a sm`dr lkdotekla m ekg

hd sd hkedrdolkmr has hdgmks.0< Xahmvkm, a emta hds-tds praeksskaomks cdvmotmrdg m `mohdkrm hd sum lko-lkm oa skjokeklmvm gukta, mt parqud, as garkùo-has, sdg rdlursas ekomoldkras, tdrkmg hkekluchmhdsdg ùslmr ug ghkla. Rar autra cmha, oa drmsagdotd m laohka ekomoldkrm d m dslmssdz hd

ghklas qud emrkm m papucma aptmr par ug prtk-la hd gdhklkom. M `k`ckajrmekm kohklm qud ms emgckmsgmks m`mstmhms tmg`g ùslmvmg pdssams hdstktu-hms hd eargma eargmc pmrm rdmckzmr as praldssas

tdrmputklas.M lucturm hdstms pdssams d a gaha hd dcmàrmr m

lurm emzkmg lag qud ug ghkla eassd sdgprd prd-

tdrkha.08M papucma dotdohkm m hadom d m lurmhd ug gaha qud pmssmvm gmks pdcms qudstds pds-

samks, medtkvms, rdckjkasms d sa`rdomturmks04 qudpmtacjklms d momtgklms. Pdjkom Vmvkdr lfmgm m

mtdoa pmrm a emta hm rdckjkaskhmhd hm salkdhmhddstmr prxkgm hm ùslm pdcas praldhkgdotas tdrm-putklas d, par laosdjukotd, hm a`tdoa hm lurm. Mpdrldpa sdtdldotkstm hd qud ms doedrgkhmhds halarpa d hm mcgm sagdotd sdrkmg vdrhmhdkrmgdotdlurmhms par gdka hm kotdrvdoa hkvkom mkohm dstmvm

dg vajm om papucma ha aktaldotas.05Ms prtklms

02M àtklm om \motm Lmsm eak kostmcmhmsagdotd dg =6:;. RM\\A\, Û.Oatlkm fkstrklm hm \motm Lmsm hd\m`mr. @dca Farkzaotd> Kgprdosm

Aeklkmc, =;0;, p.=:8, 022, 020.0=RM\\A\, Û. Oatlkm fkstrklm hm\motm Lmsm hd \m`mr, p.020.

00EKJTDKPDHA, @J. M mrtd hd lurmr>lkrurjkds, ghklas, àtklrkas dlurmohdkras oa sluca VKV dg GkomsJdrmks, p.=;2, 025.

0prtklms ghklms om Lmgpkoms aktaldo-

tkstm, p.


16/119

hd lurm dstmvmg gmks prxkgms hdssm rdmckhmhd qudhm lkolkm prdjmhm pdcas ghklas mlmhgklas. Dodssd sdotkha, drm a `atklrka qudg, guktms vdzds,lag sum kosdra salkmc, hkgkoum m mecka dotrd mhar d m lurm has doedrgas, emzdoha a hkmjostkla,

kohklmoha as gdkas pmrm sd lurmr d prdpmrmoha asrdghkas m prda gmks mldssvdc.0:

Autra paota hd laoeckta dxkstdotd odstd uokvdr-sa hm lurm dovacvkm as `atklrkas d as odjalkmotdshd autras jodras qud emzkmg a lagrlka hd hra-

jms. As emrgmlutklas hdouolkmvmg tahas mqudcdsqud lacalmvmg hrajms vdohm dg dstm`dcdlkgdo-

tas hdstkomhas m autras ekos laga lmsms hd sdlas dgacfmhas. Dotrdtmota, as praprkdtrkas hd vdohms d

hd canms06 qud lagdrlkmckzmvmg tmks su`stolkmstmg`g drmg mgpmrmhas pdcm cdjkscma hd smhd

p`cklm. Rdcm Pdsacua o=528 hd < hd mjasta hd=656 eak pdrgktkha qud ms lmsms hd odjlkas haguoklpka hd \m`mr tkvdssdg ckldom moumc pmrm

vdohdr hrajms d autras gdhklmgdotas oa gmok-pucmhas. Guktas tkofmg ms pdrgkssds d pmjmvmgkgpastas pmrm lagdrlkmckzmr dstms lagpaskds dgsdus dstm`dcdlkgdotas, laga eak a lmsa ha odja-lkmotd Gmoadc Rdrdkrm hd Gdcca d hd Jm`rkdc

Mrlmona \dgda Dstdcktm.0; Xmks ckldoms tdrkmg, mpmrtkr hdstm rdsacua, a vmcar hd 0222 rks, mcg

has kgpastas.


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(...) A m`mkxa msskjomha Ya emrgmlutkla NamqukgLmrcas Edrrdkrm RkrdsW tdoha n rdprdsdotmha mdssm Kospdltarkm sa`rd as mùsas tacdrmhas oadxdrlklka hm gdhklkom, d odofug rdsuctmha lacfk-ha hd sum rdprdsdotma (...), vg prdsdom hd

U\ rdlcmgm-cms, rajmoha rdspdktasmgdotd sdhkjod lafk`kr dssds mùsas mttdotmtrkas has hkrd-

ktas has Rfmrgmldutklas (...). a caoja d emstkhkasadstuha, m laoslkdolkm kcck`hm qud sd rdqudr, mhdvkhm mptkha pmrm ug cmàrmtrka hd qud msmuhd pu`cklm lmrdldhrm.Dg qud lagpdosmha a pfmrgmldutkla qud

tahms ms farms hm oaktd a`rkjmha m dstmr msarhdos has hadotds pmrm as sallarrdr, dg`rm

lag kotrdssd1 (...) ]udg qudr, vdohd rdghkaskohkstkotmgdotd, mppcklm-as sdg fm`kcktma mcju-gm, d vmk-sd eraulfmgdotd laosdotkoha laga

qud m smuhd pu`cklm sdnm ugm qukgdrm.80

Oa ekomc hm hdoolkm ha emrgmlutkla NamqukgRkrds, a ctkga mpdca>

(...) \or, hmgas m lmhm ug a sda rmga9 qudg quk-sdr sd pravdr hd rdghkas, msskg laga oas pra-

vdgas, qudg hdccds prdlksmrdg qud sd pravd-ofa oms pfmrgmlkms, oa ema par msskg hksdr

ug gaoapcka, odg qudkra m`mrlmr a Guohalag ms pdroms.8 YdxkjkohaWpmrm mprdsdotmr-gd a sdu ttuca hd pfmrgmldutk-la lagpdtdotdgdotd cdjmckzmha, a sdofar LmrcasGmrtkos mprdsdotau-gd sagdotd ug HkmrkaAeeklkmc, qud trmrkm ug Hdlrdta qud cfd laoldhdckldom d m autras pmrm laotkoumr lag m pfmrgm-lkm m`drtm kohdpdohdotd hd autrm d qumcqudrckldom9 oa quks mlldktmr sdgdcfmotd hdlrdtalaga Xtuca, dcd pardg pdhku-gd ug prmza pmrmkr m Lrtd ùslmr as sdus halugdotas (...) laold-hk-cfd a prmsa laosdrvmoha pardg m pfmrgmlkmedlfmhm, mtd dxk`krgd sum ckldom. A hautarDgkcka, gdhkla Lckokla oa Mrrmkmc hdGmttaskofas, aeeklkau-gd pdhkoha m`drturm hmpfmrgmlkm paks hdccm smfka as gdhklmgdotaslag prdstdsm, mssdka d lukhmha mkohm gmks qudemrkm jrmohd emctm mas pa`rds (...) m pfmrgmlkm qudas salarrdu jrmtuktmgdotd9 rdspaohk-cfd qud

pahkm eklmr m pfmrgmlkm m`drtm pardg, hm jdrdo-lkm d rdspaosm`kckhmhd ha gdsga HautarGkrmohm. Dg tahm dssm qudsta fm pmkxa ddotrdjms. Laostm-gd qud a sdofar LmrcasGmrtkos nm fm gukta dxdrld m mrtd Rfmrgmldutklmd qud earodld as sdus gdhklmgdotas hm prkgdk-rm qumckhmhd, lag dspdlkmckhmhds mas pa`rds, m

qudg dcd as earodld jrmtuktmgdotd.85

A àtklrka qud emz m hdoolkm, Motaoka\dvdrkoa Lmstra d \kcvm, rdedrkha odstd trdlfalaga \kcvm d Lmstra, d a ghkla Dgkcka Jagds

Lastm Gkrmohm, qud hdedohd a emrgmlutkla mlusm-ha, dsta dovacvkhas dg ugm ckhd, dxpastm oa ckgkmrhdstd mrtkja, qud sd pmssmrm ug gs hdpaks hdstm.Laga a`sdrvmha odstd ermjgdota, a hdouolkmhaoa eklau m erdotd hd sdu dstm`dcdlkgdota. M emrg-lkm eklau sa` m rdspaosm`kckhmhd hd ug ghkla, emtadstd qud tmg`g oa mjrmhmrkm ma hdouolkmotd,ugm vdz qud a lcokla oa hdtkofm ttuca hd emrgm-lutkla. Dstm sktuma dvkhdolkm, gmks ugm vdz, mmusolkm hd hdckgktma dotrd ms praekssds.Koedckzgdotd a halugdota oa mprdsdotm sdquo-lkm, kgpassk`kcktmoha laofdldr a hdsedlfa hd tmc

lmsa. Gms pahd-sd supar qud a ghkla qud hdedo-hkm a mlusmha hdtkofm mcjug pmrdotdsla au qumc-qudr autra cma, mcg hd mkohm pahdr sdr slka hmàtklm, a qud tmg`g drm lagug om palm, lagadxpd a ekslmc ha Hkstrkta hd Laojaofms, GmoadcPahrkjudz Umslaoldccas, dg =64< ma Rrdskhdotd hm

Lgmrm hd \m`mr.8:

(...) D qumota m 0 pmrtd ha gdsga aeeklka, ksta ,YmW rdspdkta YhdW tdrdg as Gdhklas àtklms ausalkdhmhd odccms, d as @atklmrkas dxdrldrdg mmrtd hd lurmr Laotrm m dxprdssm hdtdrgkoma hmCdk9 tdofa m rdspaohdr q. eklmoha lkdotd lugprk-rdk a q. gd hdtdrgkomha (...).

Dstd trdlfa tmg`g oa mprdsdotm laotkoukhm-hd, oa sm`doha msskg sd ms pravkholkms earmgrdmcgdotd tagmhms pdcas ekslmks. Gdsga msskg, pdrld`kha qud a uokvdrsa hm lurm oa pdraha drmalupmha par hkedrdotds pdrsaomjdos, fm`kcktmhms auoa, qud mssugkmg kohkstkotmgdotd as hkvdrsas ae-lkas hm mrtd hd lurmr d, pmrm laotdr dstd lmgpamkohm oa hdckgktmha, mqudcds qud sd sdotkmg mgdm-mhas d mtkojkhas ùslmvmg tahas as gdkas pmrmmtmlmr ma autra. Kssa eak a qud alarrdu lag mcjuoshas dovacvkhas om hdoolkm prdldhdotd. Lagadxpcmomha motdrkargdotd, a ghkla Dgkcka JagdsLastm Gkrmohm, dg skomc hd rdprdsckm, mlusau, uggs hdpaks, a àtklrka Motaoka \dvdrkoa Lmstra d\kcvm, hd dxdrllka kcdjmc hm gdhklkom.

Dg autras lmsas passvdc tmg`g a`sdrvmr ampaka hd ghklas m ug prtkla. Dg =6;=, àtkl-rkas prtklas mtumrmg om emrglkm hm \motm Lmsm hm

Gksdrklrhkm hd \m mr par rdlagdohma hd ghk-las d Hdcdjmhas hd Fkjkdod guoklkpmks.

A Rrdskhdotd laguoklm Lmsm a emcdlkgdota haEmrgmlutkla Nas Gmrlkmoa Jagds @mtkstm dpdhd pravkholkms hm Gdsm pmrm m sum su`stktuk-a, emzdoha cdr ugm lmrtm ha Hautar Namqukg

Murdckmoa \dpcvdhm, Hdcdjmha hd Fkjkdod haGuoklpka d Ghkla hm \motm Lmsm, aohd hkz haprtkla qud, mtumcgdotd sdrvd om Emrglkm> qudms fm`kcktmds ha sdofar Lagdohmhar NdrokgaImcmzmos a lacalmg m pmr has gmks f`dks praeks-skaomks. Pdsacvd-sd laotrmtmr a prtkla lagdohm-har Ndrokga pmjmoha-sd-cfd m jrmtkeklma moumc

hd sdtdldotas d vkotd gkc rks.86

M laguoklma eak hkrkjkhm m tahas as ghklas demrgmlutklas qud prdstmvmg sdrvkas ma faspktmc.Ndrokga Imcmzmos, hdstktuha hd ug sm`dr mhvkohahms mlmhdgkms, cajrau hdgaostrmr sums fm`kckhmhdsqudcm laguokhmhd mlmhgklm, m paota hd sdr lao-

trmtmha pmrm trm`mcfmr om emrglkm. Rasskvdcgdotd,mcg hd sdu aelka sdr hdsdovacvkha hd gmodkrm qudmtdohkm s dxpdltmtkvms hms mutarkhmhds hm palm,sum kosdra om pdqudom rdhd hd rdcmds salkmks hacalmc pahd tdr lacmàrmha pmrm m laotrmtma oafaspktmc. Oa sagdotd a Imcmzmos mssugku m hkrdahm àtklm hmqudcm kostktuka, guktas prtklas mck

dxdrldrmg sdu aelka mt a ckgkmr ha sluca VV.M pmrtkr hm sdjuohm gdtmhd ha sluca VKV,

laga n a`sdrvmha, fauvd pdrgkssds, par pmrtdhas rjas cdjkscmhards, pmrm as àtklrkas prtklasmhqukrkrdg ckldoms dspdlkmks pmrm dxdrldrdg mpraekssa d gmotdr m atklm m`drtm, hdshd qud lag-pravmssdg qud drmg praprkdtrkas hms gdsgms

85Halugdotas hkvdrsas9 \R/RR=, 05.Lmkxm ==9 Halugdota =0. MRG.

8:Halugdotas hkvdrsas9 \R/RR=, =;68-5=42 - www.emeklf.uegj.`r/tdgparmckhmhds


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motds ha moa hd =64=.8;Mhdgmks, pahdrkmg tmg-`g a`tdr a ttuca praeksskaomc dg ugm emluchmhdhdshd qud mprdsdotmssdg ugm Lmrtm hd mpravmapraeksskaomc dgktkhm par motkjas rjas hd mtumaoa Kgprka.

Ldrtmgdotd, dstd eak autra paota qud emlkcktau mcdjmckzma hm sktuma has atklrkas oa mlmhgk-las d m pdrgmoolkm has gdsgas oa gdrlmha,mlkrrmoha mkohm gmks m laolarrolkm. Ma vdrdg sdulmgpa hd mtuma mkohm sdr alupmha par sdusrkvmks, as emrgmlutklas mlmhgklas eklmrmg gmkshdslaotdotds d oa paupmvmg dsearas pmrm hds-qumckekl-cas.

Xrmosgkttkoha m Ugld. m kolcuzm lapkm ha Mvksa haGkokstdrka ha Kgprka hmtmha hd Oavdg`raekoha, mlagpmofmhm hd hkvdrsas halugdotas, has

qumds sd v qud Nasd Ouods Gardkrm d \kcvm a`tk-vdrm a` d su`rdptklkmgdotd om Emluchmhd hdGdhklkom ug hkpcagm hd Rfmrgmldutkla lmcmohagmcklkasmgdotd a lajoagd - \kcvm -, mekg hd mpra-

vdktmr-sd hd ug muta hd dxmgd pdrtdoldotd m sduYlarraha = pmcmvrmW YtkaW Nas Ouods Gardkrm,

tdofa m rdlagdohmr qud h ms odldssmrkms pravk-hdolkms, m ekg hd qud tdofa kotdkra lugprkgdo-

ta s arhdos ha hkta gkokstrka (...).42

Dstm hdoolkm pmrtku hm Lagmrlm ha Rmr dg=65: d sd trmtm hd ug caoja praldssa hd mutarkm haemrgmlutkla Lohkha Nas Lautkofa hm Eaosdlmqud a`tdvd sdu hkpcagm om Emluchmhd hd Gdhklkomha Pka hd Nmodkra. Dcd, mcg hd mtdohdr m papucmadg jdrmc dg sum `atklm, earodldu sdus rdghkas

emrglkm hm \motm Lmsm hm Gksdrklrhkm hd \m`mr.4=

Hd passd hd sdu hkpcagm, a emrgmlutkla sdguhau lag sum emgckm pmrm m Ukcm ha Rmr, pmrmgaotmr `atklm d, qumoha mck lfdjau, dolaotrau uglaolarrdotd gukta rdquksktmha pdcm papucma, aprtkla Nas Ouods Gardkrm d \kcvm. Rar prdstmrmsskstolkm m tahm papucma, Ouods Gardkrm d\kcvm oa hdkxmvm erdjus pmrm mqudcd mlmhgkla.

Mhdgmks, dcd jazmvm hd rdputma dxdgpcmr omlkhmhd, aohd alupau kgpartmotds lmrjas. Hkmotdhdstm sktuma d huvkhmoha hm mutdotklkhmhd hmfm`kcktma ha hdouolkmha, a emrgmlutkla Lohkhalacfd koeargmds d lagdm ms mlusmds.

Dstd lkhmha Ouods fd fagdg gmkar hd 42mooas, mquk rdzkhd lmzmha, d Rmk hd gdoar d emg-ckm, hd rdjucmrds laohutms, d dstkgma p`cklm,YfWm trkotm d sdtd mooas gmks, au gdoas, tdg tkha@atklm m`drtm odstd cujmr lag tahm mldktma,hurmotd a tdgpa gmkar hd \KCUM, Nas OuodsGardkrm. \R/RR=, 05. Lx.209 Hal.= \KCUM, Nas OuodsGardkrm. \R/RR=, 05. Lx.209 Hal.=


20/119

rm a`tdr m laosdrvma hd sum @atklm, d mprdzdo-tau-gd Lmrtms hd pdssams hdssm Lmpktmc. Odstdstdrgas suspdoha qumcqudr dxdlua m rdspdkta, ddspdrm qud U\ tagmrm dg mctm laolkhdrma m rds-pdkta9 mekomc arhdomr-gd a qud cfd pmrdldr nusta9a ldrta fd qud a pava, m dxldpa hd paulaskohkvkhuas, saeerd, d saeerdr lag m emctm hm @atklm,d rdgdhkas ha hkta Ouods, dgàrm m Lmgmrm au

pmrtd hdccm pratdnm ma \r Har Lmohkha.48

Kohdpdohdotdgdotd hm laoekrgma hm hdoo-lkm, m papucma d m mutarkhmhd hmqudcm lkhmhdmpakmvmg d ùslmvmg a rdtaroa ha àtklrka OuodsGardkrm d \kcvm, dg qudg hdpasktmvmg laoekmom f Fauvd oa Motkja Mrrmkmc hd Rmtmeuea,fand Ukccm ha Rmr, ug kohkvkhua hd oagd NasdOuods Gardkrm, krga ha lkrurjka Gmoadc

Ouods Gardkrm d \kcvm, pmd ha kgpdtrmotd NasdOuods Gardkrm d \kcvm. Mqudcd Nasd OuodsGardkrm, tka ha kgpdtrmotd, guhau-sd pmrmLmgpa @dcca, aohd dxdrldu m praekssa hd àtk-lrka (...) M Lmgmrm Guoklkpmc meekrgm lag dedktaqud Nasd Ouods Gardkrm d \kcvm, uokla qud dxkstdlag dstd oagd, sdgprd usau a mjoagd 7 \kcvm7 d qud dxkstku om Ukcm ha Xmgmohu, autra kohk-

vhua hd oagd Nas Ouods Gardkrm, krga haLkrurjka Gmoadc Ouods Gardkrm, pmk hd NasOuods Gardkrm d \kcvm.

Meekrgm gmks m gdsgm Lmgmrm qud Nasd OuodsGardkrm d \kcvm, tdvd àtklm oa Guoklkpka hdXmgmohu, sdjuoha pdssams ekhdhkjoms, ma pmssaqud dstd uctkga m`rka àtklm om Ukccm ha Rmr9 v-sd qud Nasd Ouods Gardkrm d \kcvm sdgprd msskj-oau msskg. M Laggkssa qudrdoha dslcmrdldrgdcfar a sda nukza m ekg hd hdsla`rkr m vdrhmhd,rdlarrda mas ougdrasas halugdotas qud mlag-pmofa m pdtka hkrkjkhm Hkrdltarkm hdstmEmluchmhd pdca hkstkolta \or Hautar Cukz Lmrcashm Eaosdlm, laga pralurmhar ha kgpdtrmotd, ddg tahas dstds halugdotas dolaotrau sdgprd mmsskjomturm hd Nas Ouods Gardkrm d \kcvm (...)9sdoha oatmvdc qud om praprkm pralurma ekjurm mmsskjomturm hd Nasd Ouods Gardkrm d \kcvm hmohapahdrds tdrldkras pmrm tkrmr ug Xktuca hd pfmr-

gmldutkla qud par hkrdkta pdrtdold m Nasd OuodsGardkrm (...).45

A tdxta qud sd mprdsdotm ckjdkrmgdotd laoeusaqudr lacalmr cuz m dxkstolkm hd hums pdssams lagoagds sdgdcfmotds, gms oa kjumks. Xka d sa`rkofaoa drmg fagokgas d mgàs msskomvmg sdus pr-prkas oagds dg hkvdrsas halugdotas rdcmlkaomhas mrtd. Laga hdslrkta odstm prkgdkrm rmza, m pr-prkm pralurma hmhm pdca mlusmha m sdu pralurm-har pmrm sdr dotrdjud d momcksmhm pdcas praedssardshm Emluchmhd hd Gdhklkom dstmvm ekrgmhm lag sdu

oagd lagpcdta, Nas Ouods Gardkrm d \kcvm.Oas dstuhas hd Jm`rkdcm \mgpmka eklau dvkhdo-

td qud guktas mlmhgklas, mcg hd rdlcmgmrdg hmma has prtklas, hdouolkmvmg tmg`g m kodekl-lkm hms cdks. \djuoha as mlmhgklas, ms oargmsdrmg gukta `rmohms d mlm`mvmg pdrgktkoha adxdrllka hd guktas hmqudcds qud oa mhqukrkmg

48\mhd R`cklm> \KCUM, Nas OuodsGardkrm. \R/RR=, 05. Lx.209 Hal.= \KCUM, Nas OuodsGardkrm. \R/RR=, 05. Lx.209 Hal.= \KCUM, Nas OuodsGardkrm. \R/RR=, 05. Lx.209 Hal.==;68-5=42 - www.emeklf.uegj.`r/tdgparmckhmhds


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laofdlkgdotas dg ugm dslacm.4: Mcg hd asrdjucmgdotas sdrdg laoskhdrmhas kodeklkdotds, mprprkm mtuma has euolkaorkas has rjas ekslmck-zmhards oa drm laoskhdrmhm gukta deklmz pdcaspraeksskaomks hm lurm.

Rar autra cmha, laga n mprdsdotmha, m mutarma`sdrvm qud drm lagug ms mutarkhmhds oa lao-larhmrdg lag as rdjucmgdotas qud kgpdhkmg asemrgmlutklas hd dxdrldrdg a aelka hd àtklm sdghkpcagm au hd dxdrldrdg m gdhklkom n qud dstm

drm ugm prtklm lagug pmrm m papucma.46 Dgautrms pmcmvrms, tmks rdprdsdotmotds rdlaofdlkmg a

vmcar d m odldsskhmhd ha trm`mcfa hdstds kohkvhuaspmrm m salkdhmhd, par kssa sd gastrmvmg ta tacd-rmotds d oa puoktkvas au kodeklmzds. Odssd sdotkha, vksta qud dstms cdks, om prtklm, passumg guktagmks ug lmrtdr laotracmhar qud rjkha au puoktk-

va. A qud mkohm pahd sdr a`sdrvmha, hkmotd hmhalugdotma laosuctmhm, qud as prprkas mlm-hgklas tmg`g lagdtkmg drras, dojmoas d kodek-llkms m paota hd oa a`sdrvmrdg m hkedrdom hmmsskomturm om pralurma d a oagd hd qudg rdld-`du m Lmrtm hd emrgmlutkla pdcm Eksklmturm Gr.

M sdjuohm rmza mprdsdotmhm drm qud, mahdgaostrmr a mtdstmha hd mpravma oa dxmgd hdemrgmlutkla ha tdgpa hm Eksklmturm, Nas OuodsGardkrm d \kcvm tdrkm agktkha a sa`rdoagd \kcvmpmrm dojmomr m Emluchmhd hd Gdhklkom, dgàrm

dstd dstkvdssd prdsdotd om pralurma. Hdssmeargm, dcd pravmrkm qud n tkofm m mptkha omsGmtrkms hd Emrglkm. M Lagkssa laolcuku qud

Nas Ouods Gardkrm d Nas Ouods Gardkrm d \kcvm

drmg, hd emta, pdssams hkstkotms.4; Om tdrldkrmrmza mprdsdotmhm pdcm Lagkssa,

Mccdjau a kgpdtrmotd YNas Ouods Gardkrm d\kcvmW d dxfk`ka halugdota hd ug dxmgd edkta om

Ukccm Pdmc hd \m`mr. A Xtuca hd Ukccm Pdmc hd\m`mr eak su`stktukha pdca hd Ekhdcksskgm par

Mcvmr hd =:/2 Mccdjau tmg`dg a kgpdtrmotd qud ug hasdxmgkomhards eak a pfmrgmldutkla Gmoadc hd RmkvmGardkrm, gms dstd emcdlda dg =4/==/=605, laga sdpravm lag a halugdota (...). Laosdjukotdgdotdodssm dpalfm tkofm =0 mooas, khmhd dg qud dstmrkmmpprdohdoha mkohm ms prkgdkrms cdttrms. Rravmvdc-

gdotd a dxmgd oa sdrkm edkta oa mooa ha emccdlk-gdota ha dxmgkomhar Rmkvm, d dota gdoar sdrkm mkhmhd ha kgpdtrmotd. M cdjkscma pmtrkm oa pdrgkt-

td qud ug gdoar hd =0 mooas dxdrlktd m praekssahd pfmrgmlutkla. 5 rmza> M ldrtkha o 8 hm qumclaostm a dxmgd hd Nas Ouods Gardkrm, vdg lao-ekrgmr a qud a suppcklmotd tdg mccdjmha, ksta , quda kgpdtrmotd oa a kohkvhua dxmgkomha d mpra-

vmha odgkod hkslrdpmotd oa moa hd =6=: au =6=6par qud odssm dpfalm tdoha mpdoms hd khmhd < au8 mooas oa pahkm dstmr fm`kcktmha pmrm m gdckohra-sm d ta kgpartmotd praekssa pfmrgmldutklm, gmxk-gd om Rravolkm hd Gkoms, aohd s om Lmpktmc dxks-

td ugm Dslacm hd Rfmrgmlkm, qud a kgpdtrmotdouolm erdqudotau (...).52

As halugdotas mprdsdotmhas larraàrmvmgsdgprd ms hdoolkms ha supcklmotd

(...) A halugdota o 8 m qud sd rdedrd a suppck-lmotd ugm ldrtkha pmssmhm pdca hkjoa sdlrdtm-rka hdstm emluchmhd ha mlta hd dxmgd edkta par

Nasd Ouods Gardkrm, pdrmotd a lkrurjkaEcardolka Ermolksla has \tas. Laga laostm hds-

td halugdota, a pmpdc dstm rmsjmha d lagpcdtm-gdotd hdstrukha oa cujmr dg qud dxkstkm m hmltm,pahdoha-sd parg pr mcjuos trmas laofdldrqud a dxmgd tkvdrm cujmr dg =6=: au dg =6=6,qumoha a kgpdtrmotd hdvkm tdr < au 4 mooas hdkhmhd. Hkmotd hd tuha kssa, laolcud a suppcklmotdqud a kohkvkhua dxmgkomha dg =6=: au =6=6 eaka tka ha kgpdtrmotd Nas Ouods Gardkrm, qud haRmtmeuea sd guhau pmrm Lmgpa @dca, aohd dxdr-lda m praekssa hd àtklmrka, d qud Nas OuodsGardkrm d \kcvm, rdskhdotd hm Ukcm ha Rmrm, supprk-gka ha sda mppdckha a mjoagd \kcvm pmrmemzdr-sd pmssmr par Nas Ouods Gardkrm, sda tka9qud a dxmgd dg qud sd euohau, eak emcsa dg rdcm-a m sum kohkvkhumckhmhd d par laosdjukotd a

hkpcagm eak a`tkha a` d su`rdptkmgdotd YsklW.5=

\djuoha m ckstm hd àtklrkas mpravmhas qudrdld`drmg m lmrtm hd laoekrgma pdcm EksklmturmGr, Nas Ouods Gardkrm, a tka, rdld`du m sum dg0< hd nucfa hd =6== dg \m`mr, mps tdr sd su`gd-

tkha mas dxmgds hd pdrjuotms tdrklms d prtklms

4:\MGRMKA, JP. Oms trkolfdkrms hm lurm> mshkedrdotds gdhklkoms ha Pka hd NmodkraKgpdrkmc, p. 48.

46\MGRMKA, JP. Oms trkolfdkrms hm lurm> mshkedrdotds gdhklkoms ha Pka hd NmodkraKgpdrkmc, p.=08- =04.

4;\mhd R`cklm> \KCUM, Nas Ouods Gardkrm.\R/RR=, 05. Lx.209 Hal.= \KCUM, Nas Ouods Gardkrm.\R/RR=, 05. Lx.209 Hal.= \KCUM, Nas Ouods Gardkrm.\R/RR=, 05. Lx.209 Hal.==;68-5=42 - www.emeklf.uegj.`r/tdgparmckhmhds


22/119

sa`rd m mrtd `atklrkm.50Msskg sdoha, cdvmoha dglaoskhdrma ms supaskds hd hmtms hd sdu omslk-gdota edktms pdcm Lagkssa, dg =6== a kgpdtrmo-

td oa tdrkm odg gdsga skha laold`kha, sdohadota kgpassvdc emzdr a dxmgd omqudcd moa.

]umoha Nas Ouods Gardkrm d \kcvm omsldu, a tka ndxdrlkm m praekssa hdvkhmgdotd cdjmckzmhm f moas.

Ms pravms ha mlusmhar Hautar Lohkha Eaosdlmsagmhms mas mrjugdotas oa laovkoldotds hakgpdtrmotd mlm`mrmg par laovdoldr m Lagkssahd praedssards.

A hkpcagm hd Rfmrgmldutkla pmssmha pardstm Emluchmhd pdrtdold m Nasd OuodsGardkrm, d oa ma kohkvhua qud ekrgau ugmpralurma d ougdrasas halugdotas lag mmsskjomturm hd Nasd Ouods Gardkrm d \kcvm, kccu-hkoha jrassdkrmgdotd ma faormha \or. Har.Cuks Lmrcas hm Eaosdlm, d m praprkm Emluchmhd.Apkomoha par dstd gaha m Lagkssa oapahd hdkxmr hd prapar qud sd aeeklkd hdshd nma Javdroa hd \G Kgpdrkmc rdedrkoha-sd aalarrkha, d pdhkoha qud emm lmssmr gdkascdjmds a Hkpcagm dxpdhkha (...).5 \HF. Lhkja> 0 A LAHD\, Eklfrka:5, Jmvdtm> 25, Lmkxm 862, pmlatd 28.

Mrqukva Omlkaomc.

5 \KCUM, Nas OuodsGardkrm. \R/RR=, 05. Lx.209 Hal.= \KCUM, Nas OuodsGardkrm. \R/RR=, 05. Lx.209 Hal.= \KCUM, Nas OuodsGardkrm. \R/RR=, 05. Lx.209 Hal.=


23/119

Om pravolkm hd Gkoms, ms hdoolkms, jdrmcgdo-td mookgms, drmg tmg`g rdmckzmhms par gdka hdvdlucas hd hkvucjma papucmr. Dg \m`mr, ug nar-omc hd =65;, a Oatklkmhar hd Gkoms, mcdrtmvm salkd-hmhd sa`rd m laotrmtma hd prtklas qud trm`mcfm-

rmg om emrglkm hm Lagpmofkm Kojcdsm hdGkodrma. Ma cdr m oatlkm, a rdprdsdotmotd hmLagpmofkm guoku-sd hd dxpcklmds Nuotm hdFkjkdod.

Kcustrsskga sor Rrdskhdotd hm Nuotm hd FkjkdodRu`cklm. A Oatklkmhar hd Gkoms hd =4 ha larrdo-

td, rdzrm ugm pu`cklma hmtmhm hm Lkhmhd hd\m`mr (...) ldourmoha ms Lagpkm YsklW Kojcdzmskostmcmhms oa @rmskc, par tdr dgprdjmhas oa tktu-cmhas dg sums Rfmrgmlkms, d lag qumota aRfmrgmldutkla hdstm Lagpkm YsklW sdnm tktucmha,

tdg par dolagahas hd smuhd gmohmha ug

su`stktuta sagdotd prmtkla emsdr sums vdzdsdgqumota sd mlfm doedrga> sd pardg, U\dotdohdr qud fm oksta mcjugm lausm hd kolaovd-okdotd, lag sda mvkza tagmrdk ms prdlksms pravk-

hdolkms.5;

Lurkasmgdotd, m Lagpmofkm hdpasktmvm mcjugmlrdhk`kckhmhd oa prtkla, m paota hd kotdrldhdr pardcd pdrmotd a rja hd smhd, gms, ma gdsga

tdgpa, tdotmvm rdsjumrhmr m kgmjdg hm dgprdsm.Autra paota qud pahd sdr cdvmotmha qud,gdsga lag m passk kckhmhd hd mhqukrkr ckldom

dspdlkmc pmrm dxdrldr a aelka, drmg guktas as pr-tklas qud hdlkhkmg oa a`t-cm d msskg mlm`mvmgpar mtumr om kcdjmckhmhd, sdoha mcvas hd hdoolkms d

xkojmgdotas. Dstd pmrdld tdr skha a lmsa ha prtk-la hm emrglkm hm Lagpmofkm Kojcdsm.

M halugdotma d m `k`ckajrmekm gdolkaomgmcjuos mhndtkvas rdcmlkaomhas ekjurm has àtklrkaspmrm a sluca VKV. Hdotrd dcds pahdg sdr lktmhasmcjuos laga laoekvdks, prdstmtkvas, lmrkhasas lagas pa`rds, fm`kckhasas, dslrupucasas, dstkgmhas,faodstas, laoslkdotds, hkslrdtas, gahdstas, pra-às, paotumks, pruhdotds, a aelka emrgmlutkla drm

oa`rd d faorasa.:2 Oa dotmota, autras prdhklm-has tmg`g luofmrmg sum kgmjdg laga lfmrcm-

ta, emcmhar, kgpdrkta, kjoarmotd, gdotkrasa, kgpas-tar, kodslrupucasa, dxpcarmhar hm kolrdhuckhmhd

p`cklm, lfmrcmta, usurpmhar:= d huclmgmrm. Dstmdrm ugm pcmotm gdhklkomc lag praprkdhmhds suha-reklms, kohklmhm, palm, ma trmtmgdota hm sekcks d

gacstkms hm pdcd.:0 Laotuha, sum rdcma lag ashdoagkomhas lfmrcmtds drm autrm.

A tdrga huclmgmrm pmssau m sdr mpraprkmhapdcas gdg`ras hd mssalkmds emrgmlutklms, dspd-

lkmcgdotd ms hm Lartd, om sdjuohm gdtmhd has akta-ldotas, pmrm hdouolkmr mqudcds qud dcds laoskhdrm-vmg sdrdg kgpastards. Dssm mssalkma pmssau msdr edktm m pmrtkr hm pdrm ùem ktmckmom lfmgmhm Dckxkrhd Mgar, hd Jmdtmoa Haokzdttk, om qumc ugm hd sumspdrsaomjdos, Huclmgmrm, drm vdohdhar hd dckxkrdslmpmzds hd lurmr vrkms hadoms, mt gdsga ms ha

larma. Ma mjkrdg hdstm gmodkrm, as emrgmlutklasmlmhgklas a`ndtkvmvmg hdsqumckeklmr a trm`mcfahas àtklrkas prtklas d ùslmr msskg m laostruahd ugm khdotkhmhd praeksskaomc, `msdmhm om eargm-a mlmhgklm. Hdstm eargm, prdtdohkmg cdjktkgmr-

sd nuota papucma laga praeksskaomks hm lko-lkm, a qud pmrm dcds as hkedrdolkmvm hmqudcds qud

oa tkvdrmg odofug tkpa hd eargma eargmc.:lkrurjkds, ghklas, àtklrkas dlurmohdkras oa sluca VKV dg GkomsJdrmks, p.5=9 \AMPD\, G\.M hadom dm lurm> sm`drds ghklas d lucturmpapucmr om lartd kgpdrkmc, p.0;4.

:0 LFDPOAUK^, RCO. Hkllkaomrka hdGdhklkom Rapucmr d hms slkdolkms mldssa-rkms. 4 dhka. Rmrkz> Dg Lmsm ha

Mutar, =6:6. vac.=, p.6:2.

: EKJTDKPDHA, @J9 NDEEDP-\AO, @9 UKXAPKOA, NL (laarhs).\dgkorka omlkaomc hd Fkstrkm hmLkolkm d hm Xdloacajkm. \R> \alkdhmhd@rmskcdkrm hd Fkstrkm hm Lkolkm, 0224,p.8:-86.

:8UAXXM, P. @rdvd Fkstrkm hm Emrglkmoa @rmskc, p.0;.

0=;68-5=42 - www.emeklf.uegj.`r/tdgparmckhmhds


24/119

Tctrmgaotmoksga

Mpmcmvrm uctrmgaotmoksga hdrkvm ha cmtkg, uctrmgaotds, qud skjokeklm pmrm mcg has gaotds,ksta , has Mcpds. M vdrhmhdkrm arkjdg ha tdrga sddolaotrm om ckojumjdg dlcdskstklm gdhkdvmc, qudhdoagkomvm hd uctrmgaotmoa tahas as Rmpms oa

ktmckmoas qud drmg dcdktas.=

M pmcmvrm eak oavmgdotd dgprdjmhm hdpaks hmrdeargm pratdstmotd, dotrd as javdroas d as pavasha oartd durapdu, aohd sd hdsdovacvdu ugm

tdoholkm m laoskhdrmr a pmpmha laga ugm pato-lkm dstrmojdkrm, hd gaha dspdlkmc qumoha a Rmpmkotdredrkm oms qudstds tdgparmks. A tdrga uctrm-gaotmoksga tmg`g eak utkckzmha om Ermom pmrmkhdotkeklmr as hdedosards hm mutarkhmhd paotkelkmdg laotrmpaska s ck`drhmhds hm kjrdnm jmcklmom.A tdrga drm utkckzmha hd eargm hkemgmtrkm, paks

tmg`g sujdrkm m emctm hd mpdja prprkm oma.Oa sluca VUKK, a uctrmgaotmoksga eak mssalkm-

ha qudcds qud hdedohkmg m supdrkarkhmhd haspmpms sa`rd as rdks d as Laolckas, gdsga dgqudstds tdgparmks. Odstd pdraha, m Lagpmofkmhd Ndsus eak eartdgdotd khdotkeklmhm lag a uctrm-gaotmoksga. Om Mcdgmofm, oa sluca VUKKK, a lao-ldkta sd mgpckau d pmssau m sdr usmha pmrm khdotk-eklmr as hdedosards hm Kjrdnm dg qumcqudr laoeckta

dotrd as pahdrds tdgparmks d dspkrktumks (Kjrdnm-

Dstmha).0

A uctrmgaotmoksga, oa sluca VKV, sd lmrmltd-rkzau par ugm srkd hd mtktuhds hm Kjrdnm Lmtcklm,oug gavkgdota hd rdma m mcjugms larrdotds

tdacjklms d dlcdskstklms, ma rdjmcksga has dstmhaslmtcklas, s oavms tdoholkms pactklms hdsdovacvk-hms mps m Pdvacua Ermoldsm d sdlucmrkzma hm

salkdhmhd gahdrom. Rahd-sd rdsugk-ca oas sdjuko-tds paotas> a eartmcdlkgdota hm mutarkhmhd paotke-lkm sa`rd ms kjrdnms calmks9 m rdmekrgma hm dslacs-

tklm9 a rdstm`dcdlkgdota hm Lagpmofkm hd Ndsus(=6=8)9 m hdekoka has pdrkjas qud mssacmvmg mKjrdnm (jmcklmoksga, nmosdoksga, rdjmcksga, tahas as

tkpas hd ck`drmcksga, pratdstmotksga, gmaomrkm,hdsga, rmlkaomcksga, salkmcksga, lmsmgdota lkvkc,ck`drhmhd hd kgprdosm d autrms gmks), lucgkomohaom laohdoma hdstds par gdka hm Dollcklm]umotm lurm d ha \cmà has Drras, modxa gdsgm, pu`cklmhas dg =658. Mlmhgklm, =;6:, p. 66oatm =6.

0 Le. GMPXKOM, Jkmlaga. \tarkm hdccmLfkdsm> hmc Cutdra mk oastrk jkarok.

@rdslkm> Garldcckmom, 022=, vac. KKK9\LFMX^, Icmus. \tarkm hdccm Lfkdsm.@rdslkm> Dhktrkld ]udrkokmom, =;;4, vac.KKK d FM\XDOXDTEDC, ^doa. HagEdcklkmoa om Kjrdnm ha Pka Jrmohd ha \uc.Rarta Mcdjrd> Mlmhgklm, =;6:, p. 66oatm =6.

Dh. DhktarmTokvdrskhmhd hd @rmsckm, =;62, p. =;68-5=42 - www.emeklf.uegj.`r/tdgparmckhmhds

Tgm qudsta hd rdvksa hd laoldktas>Pagmokzma Tctrmgaotmoksga Pdeargm

tmca Hagkojas \motkrallfk

Hautar dg Fkstrkm/Raotkelkm Tokvdrskhmhd Jrdjarkmom-PagmktmcasmotkrallfkBfatgmkc.lag

Pdsuga> Dstd mrtkja prdtdohd lfmgmr m mtdoa sa`rd m odldsskhmhd hd ugm rdvksa ha laoldkta hd Pagmokzma, laoskhdrmha,mtumcgdotd, laga laosackhmha om fkstarkajrmekm sa`rd m Kjrdnm Lmtcklm oa @rmskc, oa pdraha qud vmk, mpraxkgmtkvmgdotd, dotrd mgdtmhd ha sluca VKV d m tdrldkrm hlmhm ha sluca VV. Xmc gavkgdota eak rdmckzmha par lmtcklas hd tdoholkm uctrmgaotmom, dolao-

trmoha laga mhvdrsrkas> a lcdrklmcksga ck`drmc, a rdjmcksga kgpdrkmc (mt =66;) d a ck`drmcksga pactkla. Dstd gavkgdota rdeargmharùslau hdgmrlmr m prprkm khdotkhmhd d mutalaoslkolkm has lmtcklas, odstd sdotkha mtkojku tmg`g ms prtklms rdckjkasms papucmrdsfdrhmhms hm trmhka cusktmom, qumoha ùslau kotdjr-cms ms hkrdtrkzds has Laolckas hd Xrdota d Umtklmoa K. Rrdtdohd-sd lfmgmr mmtdoa has pdsquksmhards sa`rd as ckgktds ha rdedrkha laoldkta hd ragmokzma d laovkh-cas m ugm srkm rdmvmckma ha gdsga,pralurmoha autras qud sdnmg gmks m`rmojdotds d dojca`dg tahm m lagpcdxkhmhd ha pdraha fkstrkla d has sdus mjdotds, laga pardxdgpca a hd Pdeargm Lmtcklm.

Rmcmvrms-lfmvds> Pagmokzma, Tctrmgaotmoksga, Pdeargm Lmtcklm.

M`strmlt> Xfks mrtklcd mppramlfds tfd odldsskty ae m rdvkskao màut tfd laoldpt ae Pagmokzmtkao, laoskhdrdh tahmy ms m laosackhm-tdh laoldpt ko tfd fkstarkajrmpfy ae tfd Lmtfackl Lfurlf ko @rmzkc hurkoj tfd gkh-okodtddotf moh dmrcy twdotkdtf ldoturkds. \ulf mgavdgdot wms uohdrtmido `y lmtfackls ae tfd uctrmgaotmomtdohdoly, emlkoj mhvdrsmrkds sulf ms tfd ck`drmc lcdrklmcksg, kgpdrkmc rdjm-cksg (uotkc =66;) moh packtklmc ck`drmcksg. Xfks rdearg gavdgdot mkgdh ta hdgmrlmtd lmtfackls khdotkty ktsdce, meedltkoj mcsa papucmr rdck-

jkaus prmltklds, kofdrktdh erag tfd Cusktmo trmhktkao, ko mo deeart ta kotdjrmtd tfdg ko tfd hkrdltkvds ae tfd laolkckm ae Xrdota moh UmtklmoK. Xfd kotdotkao ks ta lmcc tfd mttdotkao ae rdsdmrlfdrs ta tfd ckgkts ae tfd laoldpt ae Pagmokzmtkao moh mcsa ta kovktd tfdg ta m sdrkausrd-dvmcumtkao ae tfks laoldpt, ko m sdmrlf ear atfdrs tfmt gmy `d `ramhdr ko slapd, lavdrkoj tfd dotkrd lagpcdxkty ae tfd fkstarklmcpdrkah moh ae kts mjdots, sulf ms, ear dxmgpcd, tfd laoldpt ae Lmtfackl Pdeargmtkao.

Idywarhs> Pagmokzmtkao, Tctrmgaotmoksg, Lmtfackl Pdeargmtkao.


25/119

rds, a kohkedrdotksga dstmtmc, a motklcdrklmcksga, ardjmcksga dxmldr`mha tacfdoha m ck`drhmhd hm kos-

tktuka dlcdskstklm d m mutarkhmhd hd sum fkdrmr-qukm, tdvd laga laotrmpmrtkhm m ùslm hd ug ldo-

tra qud tkvdssd gdcfards laohkds d kotdrdssds

dg pratdjdr as gdg`ras hm laguokhmhd lcdrklmc.D qumc ldotra pahdrkm sdr dstd sdoa a Rmpm, agmks trmhklkaomc lfded hm Kjrdnm Lmtcklm1

M pmrtkr hdssm tklm lagprddosvdc qud sdtdofm hkeuohkha ugm dlcdskacajkm qud eartmcdlkm meuoa d ms prdrrajmtkvms ha \uga Raotekld, laosk-hdrmoha-a, prmtklmgdotd, laga m eaotd has doskom-gdotas hm Kjrdnm d laga m mutarkhmhd hm qumc dgm-omvmg, hd gaha kohkslutvdc, tahms ms hdlksds.Dssm ldotrmckzma, om prtklm, cdvau m ugm kotdr-

vdoa gmks sdotkhm hms laojrdjmds ragmoms omvkhm hd lmhm hkaldsd d ugm gmkar uokeargkzma hm

hkslkpckom dlcdskstklm.8Oa dotmota, oa sd pahd hdslaoskhdrmr qud a

gavkgdota oa eak hd ga oklm, paks m prprkmpkdhmhd rdckjkasm rdearau dssm tdoholkm hd gahadspaotoda, ùslmoha, gmks kotdosmgdotd, hdsdo-

vacvdr om laguokhmhd lmtcklm a sdotkgdota hdpdrtdolkgdota Kjrdnm Tokvdrsmc, m`mohaomoha ms

tdoholkms hd lmtacklksga `mkrrkstms au omlkaomcks-tms. A gmkar dxdgpca hkssa eak a omslkgdota hdvrkms oavms Arhdos Pdckjkasms dg hkvdrsas pmsds,hurmotd a sluca VUKKK d VKV, qud ùslmvmg eartm-cdldr m mutarkhmhd paotkelkm d rdeargmr m laguok-hmhd om qumc sd hdsdovacvkmg, oa sdotkha hd sd mck-ofmrdg ma lmtacklksga artahaxa, qud vkm dg Pagm

a sdu ldotra hautrkomc d hkslkpckomr.4

Autra dxdgpca hd dspaotmodkhmhd ha uctrm-gaotmoksgavkoha hd mkxa H. Motoka Namqukghd Gdcca (=:;=-=65=), skgpcds pmhrd hd Ktu, qud sdeargau hurmotd a dpkslapmha ha rdjmckstm H.Gmoudc Namqukg Jaomcvds hd Mohrmhd (=::4-=68:), rdld`doha koecuolkm hkrdtm ha lmtacklksga

trmhklkaomc d kcugkokstm, d tdoha laga lacdjm a ck`d-rmc, pactkla d fdtdrahaxa pmhrd Hkaja Motoka

Edkn (=:68-=68 Dslacm Xkp. \mcdskmom,=6;69 LMGMPJA, Rmuca Ecarolka hm\kcvdkrm. M Kjrdnm om Fkstrkm hd \aRmuca. \a Rmuca> KRFMP, =;40-4tklm, =;6:.

: Hd 00 hd autu`ra m =5 hd oavdg`rahd =686, eak rdmckzmha d Zrzùrj, ugmlaoedrolkm has `kspas mcdgds, lag mpmrtklkpma hd mcjuos prdcmhas mustrm-las, dotrd dcds a Lmrhdmc hd Ukdom,

Nasdpf Nafo \lfwmrzdo`drj (=62;-=664). M mssdg`ckm eak rdmckzmhm sa`

sujdsta ha Oolka Mpastckla om us-trkm. Gklfdcd Ukmcd Rrdc (=:;;-=652) dpar koklkmtkvm ha dojdofasa Namfmoods

vao Jdkssdc (=:;5-=658), Mrld`kspa hdLacokm. Hums prdalupmds hagkom-rmg a dvdota> m rdkvkohklma hm ck`dr-

tms Dllcdskmd erdotd mas vdcfas d oavardjkgds d m rdarjmokzma hm Kjrdnm om

Mcdgmofm hd mlarha lag ms hkrdtrkzdsragmoms d ms dxkjolkms ha tdgpa. Dgug mgpca gdgarkmc qud sdrvku hd `msdpmrm m hkslussa, Jdkssdc lfmgau mmtdoa sa`rd ms rdcmds dotrd Dstmhad Kjrdnm, sa`rd a pra`cdgm hms dslacms,sa`rd ms rdcmds lag as mlmtcklas,sa`rd as soahas hkaldsmoas, sa`rd marjmokzma has lmtcklas d sa`rd mma salkmc. Jdkssdc laosdjuku, jrmms sum lrdsldotd koecudolkm, emzdr prdvmcd-ldr as sdus paotas hd vkstm, laosdjuko-

ha m hdsmpravma jdrmc ha pcmldt d hapmhramha d m mekrgmr m odldsskhmhd hdarjmokzmr ug doskoa lmtckla ckvrd,

tagmoha laga dxdgpca m @cjklm. Ashalugdotas prahuzkhas pdcm laoedro-lkm has `kspas mcdgds koecudolkmrmg msrdcmds dotrd Kjrdnm d Dstmha tmota om

Mcdgmofm qumota oa Kgprka MustrmlaY\a`rd m laoedrolkm has `kspas hd

Zrzùrj vdr> Mttk hd vdslavk hkJdrgmokm laojrdjmtk ko Zrzùrj cmooa=686. Xrmhattk hmc tdhdsla, Rrmjm>Fmmsd, =68;9 EDCKLKMOK, Jkarjka. Cdlaoedrdozd dpkslapmck. @acajom> KcGackoa, =;:8, p =:-=69 MT@DPX, Pajdr.Kc paotkeklmta hk Rka KV (=685-=6:6) .Xarkoa> \.M.K.D., =;5;, p. =2=-=20W.

6 \LFMX^, Icmus. \tarkm hdccm Lfkdsm.@rdslkm> Dhktrkld ]udrkokmom, =;;4, vac.

KKK, p. 46-5;.;UKDKPM, Hmvkh Judkras. A pratdstmo-tksga, m gmaomrkm d m qudsta rdckjkasmoa @rmskc, p.


26/119

dotrau oa pms par gdka hm koecuolkm dstrmojdkrm, dqud tmks khdkms mcjugms vdzds drmg trmzkhms par lc-rkjas arkuohas hm Durapm, d oautras lmsas, tmg`gsd dstm`dcdlkm jrmms mtuma hd lcrkjas `rmskcdk-ras eargmhas oa laotkodotd durapdu. Oa dotmota,

as haks ealas hd uctrmgaotmoksga lktmhas mlkgm,mpdsmr hd pravdokdotds hd Rartujmc, lfdjmrmg ma@rmskc oa tdgpa dg qud a pms mkohm emzkm pmrtd haPdkoa Tokha hd Rartujmc, @rmskc d Mcjmrvds, ausdnm, mkohm drm pmrtd has hagokas hm Gdtrpacd,oa sdoha, partmota, dstrmojdkras, mkohm gmksparqud mhdrkrmg kohdpdoholkm d sd taromrmg,

dedtkvmgdotd, `rmskcdkras.=0

As lcrkjas qud tagmrmg pmrtd om Laostktukotd(=60 H. Pagumcha Motoka hd \dkxms (=:6:-=652), Mrld`kspa hm @mfkm d H. Gmrlas Motoka hd\auzm (=::=-=680), `kspa ha Gmrmofa. As pu-`cklkstms gmks kgpartmotds earmg as pmhrds CusJaomcvds has \motas (Rmhrd Rdrdrdlm, =:5:-=688)d a kojcs Zkcckmg Rmuc Xkc`ury (1-=650).= a salkcaja ermols Pajdr @mstkhd (=6;6-=;:8) d a fkstarkmhar dstmhuokhdosd Pmcpf HdccmLmvm, praedssar hm Tokvdrskhmhd hd Lacg`km. M

ragmokzma hkslutkhm oa mrtkja lcsskla hd Pajdr@mstkhd, Pdckjkao moh tfd Lfurlf ko @rmskc. Pmcpf HdccmLmvm m pmrtkr has mpartds hd Pajdr @mstkhd mprdsdotaud hdsdovacvdu a sdu laoldkta hd uctrmgaotmoksga d

ragmokzma.05

Pajdr @mstkhd usm m dxprdssa kjrdnm ragmokzm-hm, qud sdrkm m mekrgma hm mutarkhmhd hd ugmkjrdnm kostktulkaomc d fkdrrquklm dstdohdoha-sdsa`rd tahms ms vmrkmds papucmrds ha lmtacklksga.Oa @rmskc dcm vdg mtrmvs ha gavkgdota rdeargks-

tm ha dpkslapmha, dg gdmhas ha sluca VKV, pmrmlaotracmr m hautrkom, m e, ms kostktukds d m dhulm-

a ha lcdra d cmklmta, cdvmoha m ugm hdpdoholkmlmhm vdz gmkar, par pmrtd hm Kjrdnm `rmskcdkrm, hdpmhrds dstrmojdkras, prkolkpmcgdotd hmsLaojrdjmds d Arhdos gksskaorkms, pmrm rdmckzmrm trmoska ha lmtacklksga lacaokmc ma lmtacklksgauokvdrsmckstm, lag m`sacutm rkjkhdz hautrkorkm dgarmc. Om `uslm hdstds a`ndtkvas a dpkslapmha

02Rmrm dolaotrmr dstds tdrgas dg utkck-za om palm, `mstm ug rpkhm laosuctmoas Momks ha Rmrcmgdota @rmskc dkra,qumoha sd hkslutkm qumcqudr tdgm rdck-

jkasa, sdg emcmr oas vrkas naromks lmt-cklas au motklmtcklas qud lkrlucmvmg ompalm. Oa hdlarrdr hm hkssdrtma

vrkas trdlfas hasMomks ha Rmrcmgdotalaotdoha dstds tdrgas sdra mprdsdo-

tmhas Yohr.W.

0=MC@DPXM^^K, Ckckmom dt mc.Hkzkaomrka hdk tdacajk hmc prkga sdlaca mhajjk. Lmsmcd Gaoedrrmta> DhkzkaokRkdgd, =;;6, p. Nauvdold \alkdt Dhktarkmcd,

=;;5, vac. KK, p. 4


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mjku kohdpdohdotdgdotd d gdsga laotrm as kotd-rdssds pactklas calmks, qud sd `msdmvmg oa rdjmcks-

ga hd trmhka cusktmom.0:

\djuoha Culkmoa Hutrm Odta, Pajdr @mstkhdhmvm oemsd khdotkhmhd d uokvdrsmckhmhd ha lmtack-

lksga,

tdrga qud dg sum laoatma prkgdkrm() doldrrm tmc skjokeklmha. Hdkxm lcmra

tmg`g qud a dseara rdeargkstm `uslmvm ugmm`sacutm rkjkhdz hautrkorkm d garmc hdkxmohadotdohdr m kodxkstolkm hd tmc khdotkhmhd. hd sd rdjkstrmr, dotrdtmota, qud m mhaa haoagd ragmokzma Yjrkea ha arkjkomcW pmrmhdoagkomr a dseara hd rdeargm lmtcklm alarrk-hm oa @rmskc, trmz dg sdu omsldhaura m gmrlm hdug dstuhkasa qud, laga pratdstmotd, hdoagkom-

vm as lmtcklas hd ragmokstms, dg sdotkha ermolm-

gdotd pdnarmtkva.06

Pmce Hdccm Lmvm oa sdu ldcd`rd ckvra Gkcmjrd haNumzdkra, rdearm d mgpckm a sdotkha mldomha parPajdr @mstkhd. Rmrm dcd, H. Cuks Motoka has\motas, prkgdkra `kspa ha Ldmr (=648), eak mdolmroma has khdmks hm ragmokzma. \djuoha amutar a a`ndtkva drm> Pdstmurmr a prdstjka hmKjrdnm d m artahaxkm hd sum e d rdgahdcmr a lcdra,

taromoha-a dxdgpcmr d vkrtuasa, hd gaha qud msprtklms d lrdoms rdckjkasms ha @rmskc puhdssdgeklmr hd mlarha lag m e lmtcklm, mpastcklm dragmom hd qud m Durapm sd emzkm dota dstmohmr-

td.0; Laga a`sdrvm gukta `dg Culkmoa HutrmOdta>

Mquk n sd pahd oatmr qud a mutar hdkxm hd hds-tmlmr m khdotkhmhd d uokvdrsmckhmhd hm Kjrdnmlaga prkgdkra a`ndtkva hm ragmokzma Yjrkeaha arkjkomcW pmrm doemtkzmr m rdstmurma ha prds-

tjka hm Kjrdnm d m mhdquma hms prtklms d lrdo-ms rdckjkasms lag m e lmtcklm. Dvkhdolkm-sd lagksta qud a mutar prdpmrm-sd pmrm lacalmr a gavk-gdota rdeargkstm laga mcja qud f hd sd apar

ma gkcmjrd dg Namzdkra, oa qumc prkvkcdjkmr ahdvalkaoksga, ms lrdoms papucmrds d, mt

gdsga m kohkslkpckom fkdrrquklm.


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Durapm sd lkohkmg dg haks jrupas> as lfmgmhaslmtcklas rdjmckstms, jmcklmoas au nmosdokstms, qudhdedohkmg ms kotdrdssds hd ugm kjrdnm gmks vkolu-cmhm sum oma, sa` ldrtm hdpdoholkm hapahdr lkvkc d lag luofa hd ma gmrlmhmgdotdpactkla, d as hdskjomhas laga lmtcklas ragm-oas au uctrmgaotmoas, qud mprdjamvmg ugmmhdsa kolaohklkaomc ma Rmpm, hdotra hd ugmKjrdnm hd lmrtdr uokvdrsmc, gms sa` m arkdotma

dxlcuskvm hm \motm \.

Oa @rmskc, m vkolucma lag Pagm earm guktah`kc oa pdraha lacaokmc, pdcm eargm qud m Kjrdnmmssugku hdotra ha rdjkgd hd pmhramha. Gms, mpmrtkr ha sluca pmssmha, dspmlkmcgdotd par

koecudolkm ha oava dsprkta trmzkha pdcas cmzmrks-tms, m Kjrdnm ha @rmskc pmssm m pralcmgmr sum mhd-sa tatmc ma Rmpm, tdotmoha hdsvkolucmr-sd hmspahdrasms gmcfms ha pmhramha kgpdrkmc. Dssdluofa ragmokstm Yjrkea ha mutar ha mrtkjaW qudgmrlm m rdoavma lmtcklm, rdprdsdotm ugmapa laoslkdotd has `kspas rdeargmhards. pmrm Pagm qud H. Ukasa dovkm sdus gdcfardsmcuoas d lacm`armhards, mekg hd lagpcdtmr m ear-gma smldrhatmc, lmpmlktmoha-sd pmrm m hkrdahas sdgkorkas Y...W tmg`g dg Pagm qud sdeargm H. Gmldha Lastm, a jrmohd chdr hm

Pdeargm hm Kjrdnm oa @rmskc.

M vksa hd @dazza hdkxm dotrdvdr qud ms gdhk-hms, motds vkstms par @mstkhd laga ugm `uslm hdkhdotkhmhd hautrkorkm d garmc, hdsmjumrkmgougm qud`rm hd dqukc`rka, ougm cutm dg qud almtacklksga gmks pura, ksta gdoas skolrdtkstm,gmks `rmola, ksta gdoas ckjmha s rdckjkdsmerklmoms, gmks artahaxa, gmks prxkga hdPagm, ksta gmks khdotkeklmha hautrkom lmtck-lm, d qud, par ekg, suealmrkm a lmtacklksga gdstk-

a d `mrrala. Arm, oa hdsdovacvkgdota hd sdumrtkja dg qud dxpcklktm ms gdhkhms mtrmvs hmsqumks m fkdrmrqukm prdtdohdu suealmr a lmtacklks-ga gdstka d mrrala a mutar hdstmlm ms gdhk-hms hkslkpckomrds qud vksmvmg m khdotkhmhd hautrk-orkm d garmc ha lmtacklksga. Oa sd pahd mekr-gmr lmtdjarklmgdotd qud m Kjrdnm laoskhdrau msgmokedstmds papucmrds d mutltaods laga ug


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gmc m sdr dxtkrpmha. Ms gdhkhms mpaotmhms par@dazza, oa mrtkja mlkgm lktmha, vksmvmg prkolk-pmcgdotd lak`kr mùsas qud, ma caoja ha tdgpa,ùslau-sd dckgkomr dg tmks gmokedstmds.Dotrdtmota, dsta m ms laojmhms, as rdkzmhas, msragmrkms, as cdkcds, ms pralkssds, m hdvaa massmotas, ms pragdssms, ms smcms hd gkcmjrds modxmsmas ldotras hd hdvaa d autrms gmks a qudlagpravm qud as oas hktas mùsas oa dstmvmglagprddohkhms gmokedstmds papucmrds d mtgdsga eaclcrklms hm rdckjkaskhmhd papucmr. Rmrmemlkcktmr m lagprddosa ha tdrga mùsas

vmcfa-gd hd M`rdu8=> dg vdrhmhd qud mcju-gms edstms rdckjkasms trmhklkaomks earmg laohdom-hms, gms, skjokeklmtkvmgdotd, paulms vdzds. D,mcg ha gmks, oa dg sdu mspdlta hd luctadxtdroa d dotuskmsga ha pava, gms oas pdrkjashd oa passukr mutarkzma lcdrklmc au rduokr guk-

tms `mrrmlms hd najas, `d khms, laga n vkgas.80

Dg =;:;, dg ugm tdsd hd hautarmha kotktucmhmPdckjka d hagkoma hd lcmssd> Jodsd, dstruturm d

euoa ha lmtacklksga ragmokzmha oa @rmskc, hd RdhraPk`dkra hd Ackvdkrm, pralurau hdsdovacvdr ugmfkptdsd salkacjklm qud dxpcklmssd m ragmokzmalaga ug praldssa hd trmoseargmds rdckjkasmslaohklkaomhas pdcms trmoseargmds dlaogklms,

pactklms d salkmks.8< Om sum momcksd dcd mekrgm qud>

Dstd praldssa hd rddstruturma ha mpmrdcfa

rdckjkasa lmtckla tdg ug hupca mspdlta. Rar ugcmha, as `kspas `rmskcdkras rdearmg sdus cmaslag m \motm \ d emzdg vkr hm Durapm ougdrasmslaojrdjmds rdckjkasms gmsluckoms d edgkokoms(...) par autra cmha dcds pmutmg sum mtkvkhmhd pms-

tarmc pdcm mhmptma ha lmtacklksga `rmskcdkra magahdca ragmoa, trmvmoha mlkrrmha lag`mtdlaotrm a lmtacklksga papucmr trmhklkaomc (...)Hmhm m koecuolkm gmrlmotd hm \motm \ odssdpraldssa n qud Pagm dovkm mjdotds rdckjkasas

pmrm a @rmskc d h a gahdca rdckjkasa m sdr mqukkgpcmotmha Yjrkeas ha mutar hdstd mrtkjaW dcd

tdg skha lfmgmha hd ragmokzma.88

Rdhra Pk`dkra hd Ackvdkrm pmssau m lacalmr mragmokzma laga ug gavkgdota qud prdtdohdusuealmr a lmtacklksga papucmr>

Momcksmoha m ragmokzma, vkgas qud a lao-nuota hd trmoseargmds apdrmhms par sdus mjdo-

tds Yjrkeas ha mutar hdstd mrtkjaW tdg par ekg mrddstruturma ha mpmrdcfa rdckjkasa, lacalmhasa` a laotracd lcdrklmc, d m su`stktuka ha lmtack-lksga papucmr pdca lmtacklksga ragmoa.84

Laotrm m paska hd Ackvdkrm sa as rdsuctmhas

hms pdsquksms hd Culkmoa Hutrm Odta, qud dstuhaum arhdg rdckjkasm has rdhdotarkstms, au sdnm, ugmhdstms laojrdjmds qud supastmgdotd sdrkmgmjdotds hd Pagm. Dcd pdrld`du m dstrdktdzm halaoldkta ragmokzma, oa vdoha dg tmks rdckjkasasdovkmhas ragmoas lag arhdos pr-dstm`dcdlkhms,gms gksskaorkas qud lrkmrmg sacuds hdrkvmhms

ha mg`kdotd salkmc, rdckjkasa d pactklas qud dolao-trmrmg oa @rmskc>

Xmc lfaqud eak vkvkha lag ms omturmks fdsktmds,hvkhms d koldrtdzms hd fagdos qud oa trmzkmg

ergucms praotms d hdekoktkvms a qud cfds pdrgktk-rmg kolarparmr, au sdnm, kolucturmr

Revista Temporalidades - 4

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