Relative Clauses
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Transcript of Relative Clauses
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Relative Clauses
Frases Relativas (Versin ingls/espaol)
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Qu son las frases relativas? Son aquellas frases relativas a o relacionadas con algo o
alguien, al cual o al que estas frases van subordinadas
mediante un pronombre relativo: que, quien, el cual, cuyo,
etc.
- Quin es Mara?
- Mara es la chica que vino ayer(Frase relativa)
que vino ayer o la cual vino ayer tiene relacin o dice algo de la chica para identificarla. Ya sabemos que Mara no es otra si no la chica que vino ayer.
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Relative clauses
Mara is the girl who came yesterday
or
Mara is the girl that came yesterday
This is the house which I bought last week
or
This is the house that I bought last week
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Relative clausesTwo types of Relative clauses:
Restrictive: closely connected with the antecedent
This is not something that would disturb me
Non-restrictive: Nouns which are already definite. They add something to the noun by given more information about it.They are not essential and can be omitted. The non-restrictive relative clauses are always between commas
Its all based on violence, which I hate
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Frases Relativas (explicacin en espaol)Dos tipos de frases relativas:
Restrictive (frases especificativas en espaol): Aquellas frases estrechamente conectadas con su antecedente.
Antecedente: nombre con el que la frase relativa est relacionado (puede ser una persona o una cosa)
que vino ayer es Mara
que pintaste era la ma
Non-restrictive (frases explicativas en espaol): Son aquellas frases que normalmente dicen algo de la persona o cosa con las que van relacionadas pero no son importantes y por lo tanto se pueden omitir sin que la frase principal pierda sentido. Usualmente van entre comas.
Juan, que usa muletas, se ha vuelto a caer
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Restrictive clauses
Relative PronounsPERSONAL ANTECEDENT
According to the function in the sentences we have:
(segn la funcin que desempeen dentro de la frase)
subject : WHO
object : WHO/WHOM
genitive: WHOSE (personal/non-personal antecedent)
(they can be changed by THAT except WHOSE)(se pueden cambiar por THAT excepto WHOSE)
SUBJECT
This is the man who came yesterday (formal)
that (Informal)
OBJECT
This is the man whom you should know (formal)
who (formal)
that (Informal)
GENITIVE
This is the man whose wife works with you
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Restrictive clauses using preposition
Las preposiciones pueden ser usadas delante de los pronombres
relativos o detrs del verbo de la frase de relativo.
Si escribimos la preposicin delante del relativo slo podemos
usarWHOM.
Pero las preposiciones se pueden escribir detrs de su verbo,
entonces podemos usar otros pronombres relativos.
to whom you spoke.
This is the man whom you spoke to.
who you spoke to
that you spoke to
muy formal
formal
informal
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Restrictive clauses
Relative Pronouns
SUBJECT
There's still one thing which is not explained
that
OBJECT
The house which you bought was my familys
that
subject / object : WHICH
(it can be substituted by THAT)
genitive: WHOSE
NON-PERSONAL ANTECEDENT:
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Non- restrictive
Relative pronouns
"It's all based on violence, which I hate"
Subject: WHO (personal antecedent)
WHICH (non-personal antecedent)
Object: WHOM / WHO
WHICH
(They cannot be substituted by that)
Tom, who I havent seen for ages, is coming next weekHis house, which is enormous, has no running water
Remember: The non-restrictive relative clauses are always between commas
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Relative adverbs
WHEN = in/on which (time) (cuando)
WHERE = in which (place) (donde)
WHY = for which (reasons) (por lo que/ por la razn que...)
WHAT = that which (lo que...)
The year in which he died = The year when he died
The day on which she arrived = The day when she arrived
The house in which he lived = The house where he lived has no running water.
"What I mean is this..."
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ACTIVITIES
JOIN THE SENTENCES BY USING A RELATIVE PRONOUN
a. The woman is coming soon. Her husband is in the prison.
b. Yesterday I met a man. He was wearing in red.
c. That's Tom's sister. I spoke to her yesterday.
d. I bought a car..... has two doors.
e. I met a man..... is blue-eyed.
f. I live in a house.... roof is being mended.
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MORE ACTIVITIESJOIN BY MEANS OF A RELATIVE PRONOUNS
a. This man is my uncle. He came yesterday.
b. That is the boy. His father made him study for two hours.
c. The book is very interesting. You bought it yesterday.
d. I want to know it. My friends told you.
e. She was dancing with a student. He had a slight limp.
f. I am looking after some children. They are very spoilt.
g. The bed has no mattress. I slept on this bed.
h. Romeo and Juliet were two lovers. Their parents hated each other.
i. There wasn't any directory in the telephone box. I was phoning from this box.
j. I was sitting on a chair. It suddenly collapsed.
k. This is the story of a man. His wife suddenly loses her memory.
l. I met Mary. She asked me to give you this.
m. I met Mary, .............................
n. Tom,....... was driving all day, was tired and wanted to stop.
o. I was waiting for a man. He didn't turn up.
p. The firm is sending me to New York. I work for this firm.