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227

AAbuse, 8, 25, 28, 44, 48, 52, 53, 56, 59–61, 64,

65, 74, 84, 106, 116, 122, 127, 137, 139, 155, 159, 176, 178, 188

Accidents, 28, 29, 52, 72, 74, 90–92, 109, 113, 123, 134, 200

Addiction, 23, 59, 61, 62, 64Adolescents, 4, 23, 43, 68, 90, 106, 127, 145,

180, 191, 212 Africa, 1, 4, 9, 17Agency, 11, 53Agriculture, 15, 17, 19, 75, 77, 88, 91,

145–158, 162, 163, 198Alcohol, 38, 61, 62, 84, 114, 116, 122, 127,

137, 139, 179, 191, 195Alternative(s), 4, 15, 23, 31, 35, 53, 56, 69, 76,

78, 85, 96, 98–102, 110, 116–120, 141–144, 162, 177, 181, 184, 186, 189, 192, 208, 209, 217, 218

Anthropology, 3, 14, 45, 150Artisanal mining, 69, 125, 128, 140, 143Asia, 1, 4, 9, 10Association, 24, 31, 36, 37, 39, 82, 102Awareness, 34, 37, 38, 41, 65, 79, 98–100,

103, 118, 120, 122, 141–143, 184, 185, 188, 189, 205, 206, 208, 209, 219

BBoy, 10, 24, 48, 69, 83, 106, 129, 146, 165,

195, 213

CCampaign, 103, 141, 142, 185, 188, 189Chemicals, 17, 155, 162, 165, 175, 212Child labour

elimination, 1, 5, 98, 99, 118, 140, 183, 184, 211

eradication, 2, 13, 16, 19, 44, 77–79, 96, 98, 100, 102, 117, 121, 123, 124, 186, 188, 207

definition, 5, 7, 8, 16, 137, 159magnitude, 8, 9numbers, 16, 17, 69, 118–120, 126, 129,

153, 159, 201, 205, 218Child work, 4–6, 9, 11, 12, 17, 39, 165, 176, 189Childcare, 7, 40, 41, 65, 119, 196Childhood, 3, 5, 7, 8, 43, 56, 61, 76, 122, 162,

203, 214, 216, 219Code. See LegislationColonos, 165, 167, 172–174, 179, 188Commercial agriculture, 151–157, 162, 163Community, 16, 22, 32, 76, 78, 81–84, 93, 94,

97–100, 102, 103, 105, 117, 127, 141, 142, 146, 150, 151, 159, 160, 166, 170–172, 177–182, 185–188, 201, 202, 214, 215, 219

Contractor, 81, 126, 142, 143, 151, 153, 156, 161, 173, 193, 197, 199, 201

Convention, 1, 3, 4, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13, 15, 16, 18, 19, 27, 64, 69, 74, 102, 112, 125, 133, 143, 145, 187, 211, 219

Countryside, 13–15, 18, 22, 35, 40, 41, 46, 47, 53–55, 131, 145, 160, 182

CRC, 15, 18, 145Crime (criminal), 2, 4, 19, 32, 58, 62, 68, 97,

127, 138, 139. See also DelinquencyCuarta, 191, 194–197, 199, 200, 202–204,

207, 208Culture, 3, 5, 53, 58, 65, 111, 117, 182,

213–215, 217, 219Customs, 5

DDebt, 76, 88, 92, 96, 99, 191, 192Delinquency, 24, 33, 34, 57, 61, 126, 138, 212

Index

G.K. Lieten (ed.), Hazardous Child Labour in Latin America, DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-0177-9, © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011

228 Index

Developing countries, 7, 10, 216, 219Discrimination, 58, 59, 61, 64Disease, 23, 29, 84, 85, 113, 114, 117, 121,

168, 169, 176, 188, 194, 195, 213Domestic work/chores/tasks, 77, 148–150, 162Drugs, 1, 4, 19, 24, 28, 32, 33, 38, 50, 52, 54,

57–62, 64, 65

EEconomically active, 7, 9–11, 16, 18, 21, 75Economy (economic), 2, 31, 46, 67, 82, 116,

142, 157, 165, 201, 213Education

primary, 1, 14, 18, 83, 162, 180, 184, 185, 216

secondary, 18, 35, 85, 116, 127, 162, 167, 182, 208, 216

rural, 159, 162, 184,Employers, 8, 13, 78, 118, 139, 140, 189, 191,

192, 219Employment, 7–10, 12, 21, 54, 101, 111, 116,

123, 133, 137, 144, 182, 217Erradicacionistas, 3, 5Exhaustion, 28, 31, 114, 115, 207Export, 146, 151–153, 161, 193

FFamilies

broken, 23, 40, 48, 106, 157dysfunctional, 23, 43large, 22, 33, 40, 42

Family values, 116Farming, 69, 75, 145, 146Fees, 52, 78, 156, 157, 202Female-headed families, 89Female-headed household, 73, 97, 122, 212Fertilisers, 162, 170, 212Fincas. See Plantation

GGarbage, 17, 22, 23, 25–27, 29, 30, 36, 40, 78,

127, 141, 147, 212, 217Gender, 42, 48, 72, 83, 88, 110, 150, 153,

168, 213Girl, 10, 24, 48, 68, 83, 106, 127, 146, 167,

196, 213Globalization, 5Government, 1, 3, 8, 13, 16, 18, 19, 36,

42, 68, 71, 76–79, 87, 101, 105, 119, 122, 123, 145, 153, 186, 189, 205, 215, 216, 219

HHarm(ful), 2, 6, 7, 9, 16, 17, 29, 33, 34, 37, 38,

40–43, 61, 70, 74, 91, 94, 97, 133, 140, 144, 162, 175–178, 185, 188, 189, 211, 212, 215, 217

Harvest, 17, 76, 88, 126, 146, 165, 191 Hazardous work, 1, 10, 12, 18, 130Health, 1, 23, 44, 70, 85, 107, 128, 151, 165,

192, 211 Health care, 33, 37, 38, 73, 77, 78, 85, 96,

133, 141, 147, 151, 168, 169, 212Heavy loads, 17, 27, 28, 87, 113, 135, 136,

165, 170, 176, 187, 188Helping (ayudo), 137Herding, 145, 147, 148, 150, 162Highland, 15, 17, 47, 81, 146, 150, 165,

172, 177, 179, 181, 183, 184, 186, 187, 191, 217

HIV/AIDS, 64Holidays

non-school days, 196, 207, 208weekends, 26, 31, 34, 51, 53, 72, 89, 90,

94, 97, 101, 109, 111, 116, 131, 132, 134, 146, 152, 156, 157, 162, 170, 173, 196, 201, 203, 214, 217

Household work. See Domestic work/chores/tasks

Hygiene, 15, 23, 29, 63, 169, 200, 206, 207

IIFEJANT, 5Illegal, 4, 12, 23, 30, 57, 58, 63, 127, 145Illness, 28, 67, 76, 107, 116, 119, 157, 168,

188, 200ILO

Convention 138, 4, 7, 10, 15, 18, 69, 145, 187, 211, 219

Convention 182, 1, 4, 8, 11, 13, 16, 19, 27, 64, 74, 112

Income, 6, 22, 43, 68, 82, 105, 131, 146, 168, 192, 214

Indigenous, 5, 17–19, 45, 146, 149, 159, 165, 169, 191, 214

Industrial revolution, 2Inequality, 168Infection, 23, 29, 63, 64, 73, 74, 84, 92, 121,

128, 168, 169, 176, 195, 200Informal, 12, 18, 21, 23, 25, 26, 31, 36, 39–40,

46, 55, 56, 64, 75, 81, 92, 131, 133, 153, 179

Informal sector, 18, 21, 81Infrastructure, 100, 123, 128, 141, 192,

212, 216

229Index

Ingenio, 107, 109, 111–113, 115–117, 120–122, 191, 195

Injury, 29, 63, 73, 92, 94, 113, 135, 193, 199, 205

Inspection (inspector), 18, 19, 153, 161, 163, 218

Intervention, 13, 14, 36–39, 41, 42, 95, 100, 101, 106, 120, 140–144, 158–161, 186, 189, 204, 208, 209, 211, 216, 219

IPEC, 3, 16–18, 98, 102, 118, 128, 139–141, 175, 184

KKindergarten, 127, 146, 147,

LLabour, 137Labour union, 5, 159, 161, 172, 189Latin America, 1–5, 8–13, 67, 69, 125Laws. See LegislationLegislation, 1, 2, 8, 27, 36, 39, 69, 94, 102,

118, 123, 133, 143, 145, 160, 163, 175, 192, 211, 215, 216, 219

Literacy, 2, 17, 18, 83, 85, 95, 119, 168Living conditions, 15, 17, 21–23, 33, 39, 41,

46, 55, 65, 82, 85, 99, 106, 107, 119, 126, 127, 132, 133, 165–167, 174–178, 188, 193, 200, 207, 211

MMachete, 170–172, 175, 176, 195, 199, 200,

207, 212, 213Malnutrition (malnourishment), 128, 200Mechanisation, 78, 81, 123, 142, 144, 162,

191, 195, 196, 204, 217Mercury, 127, 130–133, 136, 144Micro-credit, 37, 38, 41, 144Migrant (migration), 22, 35, 41, 45, 46, 55, 67,

75, 76, 105, 127, 142, 146, 151, 157, 159, 160, 179, 207

Millennium development goals (MDG), 1, 14Minimum age, 3, 4, 7, 10, 15, 109Modern values, 158MOLNAT (MOLACNATS), 4

NNGO, 13, 17, 37, 41, 42, 67, 69, 71, 74,

76–78, 98–101, 106, 107, 113, 116, 118–123, 140, 141, 159, 186, 189, 191

OOne-parent family. See Female-headed

householdOrphan, 41, 144Ownership, 139, 143

PParents, 2, 22, 44, 68, 84, 106, 127, 146, 165,

194, 212 Pension(ista), 153, 156, 172, 197, 199Plantation, 14, 76, 81, 145, 165, 192, 193,

196, 198–200, 204, 205, 207, 208, 211–214, 217

Poisoning, 30Police, 32, 45, 50, 51, 58–61, 63, 65, 77, 87,

127, 146, 147Policy, 4, 12–14, 41, 43, 45, 51, 59, 65, 105,

120, 183, 189, 211, 214–216, 219Pollution, 23, 24, 42, 52, 63, 67, 140Poverty, 2, 15, 16, 18, 21, 35, 37–39, 46, 48,

53, 55, 56, 63, 67–69, 79, 81, 84, 95, 96, 116, 120, 125, 134, 137, 138, 151, 156, 157, 160, 163, 168, 179, 182, 185, 213, 215, 216, 218, 219

Privatisation, 105Production chain, 86–88, 126, 139, 143, 144,

169,Prostitution, 1, 4, 19, 24, 49, 52, 58, 59, 64,

68, 79, 127, 131Protagonism, 5Psychological, 23, 31, 61, 63–65, 148, 174,

205, 212

QQuarry, 72–74, 76, 82, 88, 102

RRecreation, 27, 28, 127Regulacionista, 3, 5, 36, 160Rights of the child, 2, 3, 7, 15, 145Rural, 14–18, 32, 35, 40–42, 45, 54, 55, 68,

69, 105, 106, 119, 145–147, 149, 150, 159, 160, 162, 184, 206, 215,

SSafety, 1, 33, 36, 39, 40, 50, 52, 59, 70,

74, 92, 128, 132, 137, 140, 143, 162, 212, 218

Salary, 112, 195, 197, 198, 201, 206, 207Save the Children, 5

230 Index

Scholarship, 19, 35, 37, 38, 41, 42, 98, 100, 102, 103, 119, 184, 185, 188, 189

School-going age, 128, 191, 201, 203Self-subsistence, 95, 146Sibling, 22, 55, 68, 84, 87, 88, 92, 122, 148,

157, 171, 172Sickness, 115, 154, 157, 177, 193Sierra. See HighlandSIMPOC, 7Single mother. See Female-headed familiesSlums, 45, 212, 213Small trade (small business), 101, 102, 168Socialisation, 6, 45, 52, 117, 143, 149, 180Street child

street-living children, 43–46, 48, 52, 56, 59, 61–64,

street-working children, 44, 47, 48, 50, 52, 56, 59, 61

Survival, 2, 43, 46, 96, 125, 137, 144, 192, 214

Sustainability, 37, 42, 100, 118, 120, 121, 141, 144, 185, 186, 206

System of National Accounts (SNA), 7–9

TTeacher, 23, 26, 30, 34, 74, 76, 83–85, 93, 94,

96–98, 100, 101, 106, 115, 120, 122, 128, 141, 144, 146, 149, 156, 159, 160, 167, 169, 177–182, 184, 185, 194, 201, 202, 205, 215

Tourism (tourists), 45, 46, 49, 55–58, 103, 110, 146

Toxic, 16, 29, 112, 114, 121, 140Trabajo. See LabourTrade unions. See Labour unionTradition, 41, 83, 102, 105, 109, 144, 182,

183, 188Traditional agriculture, 15, 145–149, 156, 162Tripartite, 8, 206

UUnconditional worst forms, 1, 12UNICEF, 7, 8, 11, 16, 18, 19, 46, 191, 193,

205, 206United States, 2, 117, 156, 181

Urban, 3, 13, 15, 16, 18, 21, 36, 41, 42, 45, 145, 146, 159

VValues, 7, 34, 37, 43, 97, 105, 116, 117, 149,

158, 159, 214Village, 35, 55, 69, 71, 74–76, 82, 84, 87, 90,

100, 126–128, 130–136, 138–144, 146, 147, 151, 153, 155, 156, 158, 159, 163, 166–169, 173, 187, 188, 202, 218

Violence, 23, 24, 28, 38, 45, 52, 59–61, 127, 159, 180

Vulnerable (vulnerability), 59, 216

WWage labour, 147, 151, 160Waste, 14, 21–24, 26, 27, 29, 31, 33, 34,

37–40, 49, 63, 98, 167, 213Weekends, 26, 31, 34, 51, 53, 65, 72, 86, 89,

90, 94, 97, 101, 109, 111, 116, 130–132, 134, 138, 146, 152, 156, 157, 162, 166, 170, 173, 180, 196, 201, 203, 214, 217

Western Europe, 2Working conditions, 2, 3, 15, 17, 23, 33, 36,

38–40, 42, 44, 52, 59, 64, 65, 78, 79, 92, 113, 117, 119, 141, 160–162, 175, 176, 189, 208, 211

Working hours, 16, 25, 27, 31, 37, 40, 79, 88, 89, 91, 101, 111, 120, 132, 155, 173, 218

Workshop, 37, 38, 41, 78, 98, 100, 119, 120, 159, 184, 205, 206, 211

World Bank, 8, 11, 16Worst forms (of child labour), 1, 33, 64, 68,

94, 113, 140, 165, 211

YYouth. See Adolescents

ZZafrero (zafra), 19, 191–195, 198, 200–203,

207, 208