UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL “PEDRO

RUIZ GALLO”FACULTAD DE MEDICINA HUMANA

MEDICAL ENGLISH

TEACHER: Dra. ROSA GONZÁLES LLONTOP.

GROUP 08STUDENTS:

AGIP ALARCON WALTER

ARBOLEDA DIAZ OSCAR

BECERRA SILVA FRANK

CAMPOS TAPIA ALEXANDER

CARRASCO HERRERA DENIS

PISCOYA TENORIO JORGE

PLASENCIA DUEÑAS ESTEBAN

RIVERA PAICO MAYRA

ROJAS RUIZ ROMMEL

SALAZAR SALAZAR EDUARDO

TINEO TINEO DENNY

LAMBAYEQUE, DICIEMBRE DE 2011.

INTRODUCTION

In Health Center Toribia Castro of Lambayeque UNPRG students

the second year of medical school we made a human

community work in public health based on health care to the

population in the areas of protection, promotion, recovery and

rehabilitation, finding a significant relationship at the beginning

of the basic actions of public health relations between

infectious diseases and low living standards. Thus began the

rise of communicable disease control and some sanitation

activities. It also is working on actions to promote health for

different age groups and occupational health and mental

health. In this process the health institutions are organized

through the creation of Ministries of Health and Social Security

institutions as in the case of the health center Toribia Castro.

The research group to conduct several research and

observation and pregnant patients, the drug discovery and

natural medicines that people use as usual in their daily lives,

change the way you see the perspective of health is well that

ends in that health must necessarily be understood, analyzed

and interpreted within the overall context of economic and

social development. It should be noted that the health

conditions the process. Development is conditioned by the

different variables involved in this process. By virtue of this

health effect is a phenomenon resulting mainly from the

interaction of political, economic and cultural factors

SCHEDULE

WEEK ACTIVITIES

1 week Reconnaissance of zone and health center Toribia Castro

2 week Situacional Diagnostic of “February 18”

3 week Identification of health care providers and health determinants in Lambayeque

4week Inquiry about medicinal plants in the Model market of Chiclayo

5 and 6 weeks Intramural description of the work in the health center Toribia Castro

7 week Situacional Diagnostic of “Old Mocce”

8 week Elaboration of “Old Mocce” map

9 week Familiar name in every home of “Old Mocce”

10 and 11 week Family Records in “Old Mocce”

13 week Training of vaccination

HEALTH CENTER TORIBIA CASTRO CHIRINOS

DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTIONS OF STRUCTURAL UNITS

A. SITUATION ROOM

The young village is inhabited by a large number of people who are in poverty and extreme poverty.

B. LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT

FUNCTIONS

Manage the activities of health maintenance and meeting the health care needs.

Efficiently manage human, financial and material resources to the health center according to the parameters of productivity.

C. MEDICAL RECORDS

The health center collects the information needed to provide proper care for such care, preventive and social development.

D. ADMISSION

The unit that coordinates and integrates care movements and contacts of all patients in the hospital complex and specialized care in your area.

E. TRIAGE

Try to avoid delay of patient care would worsen the prognosis for the delay in their care.

F. CHECK UP ROOM

The health center provides personal attention to each patient taking into account the socioeconomic, cultural and environmental comprising this jurisdiction.

G. SENIOR OPERATIONAL UNIT

Its purpose is to promote healthy aging through the implementation of family support programs.

H. DENTISTRY

The goal is to maintain oral health of the population, providing basic preventive dental care in order to promote self-care oral hygiene and healthy habits of non-cariogenic food, intervening on risk factors.

I. NURSING

The hospital has the function of primary health care in a society which provides human resources prepared to strengthen the health plans.

J. MATERNITY WARD

We found:• Bed where delivery is made.• Surgical Light Source.• Warmer to receive the newborn.

K. STERILIZATION ROOM

Is the service you receive, conditions, processes, controls and distributes textiles, biomedical equipment and instruments to all sectors of the hospital, to provide an input safe for use with the patient.

L. PUERPERIUM

This environment is for mothers after childbirth, is for the recovery of the breastfeeding mother and the newborn.

M.OBSTETRICS

The specialist controls the pregnant woman regularly to monitor possible problems during pregnancy that may be detectable.

SITUATIONAL DIAGNOSIS OF 18 FEBRUARY

1. GEOPOLITICAL SITUATION:

A. REGION:

SKETCH: 18 FEBRUARY DREN

Soccer field

wells

UPIS: Urbanización Popular de Interés Social

GENERAL INFORMATION

Founded 9 yearsService light 5 years agoProgram "Water for All" (for Mz. A, B and half of E)Sale of water: 0.40 x 1 or 3 buckets sun.

A

B

C

D

E

F

Huaca Los Chinos

G

Children’s villages

Wáter distribuidor

church

church

FARMS

B. ORGANIZATIONS, AND MEDIA SERVICES

According consulted the residents themselves.

PUBLIC SERVICES:

Families of young people 18 FEBRUARY do have the basic services of public lighting and electricity in their homes. But so you do not have it with water and drain.Families are provided with water through a tank of the Regional Government of Lambayeque, which carries water 2 or 3 times a week, but currently under repair. For this reason the people are forced to buy at 60 cents a bucket of water sun for human consumption, this purchase makes you a man of his community, which is not known as it gets. They also have some grounds to remove the water but this is not suitable for human consumption, so only use it to wash your clothes or other complementary actions.

C.  MAIN PROBLEMS AND NEEDS OF THE COMMUNITY:

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

SOURCES OF CONTAMINATION

In human settlement "February 18" sources of pollution that cause the most common diseases in the locality are:

a) Within the household

Water: The lack of water and sanitation services have become the main problem affecting the area. So hopefully digestive disease outbreaks.

Housing: Housing made of materials such as adobe, mats, thatch, among others are the habitat of various microorganisms that cause disease. The floor being of earth, is a strong focus on respiratory diseases, bronchitis, etc.

Food: That washed with water unfit for consumption or undercooked foods may be causing digestive diseases.

Animal husbandry: Inside the house is dangerous, as the hair of attending these places also frequented by people and cause massive contagion of disease.

Centers of work, school, meeting: it is inevitable that every day and establish social relationships with people.

b) Outside the home:

Landfills, which accumulate in the corners of houses, or in the ditches represent foci of infection that are the haunt of scavengers and insects that carry disease.

Food stalls, canteens: People who suffer from diseases due to ignorance or irresponsibly

SOCIO ECONOMIC PROBLEM

After the recognition of the area we have an overview of the critical situation being experienced by the community. That is summarized as follows:

The level of education of its residents is quite low, since not everyone can access it.

Apparently there are no neighborhood organizations to expose their problems to authorities.

Total disregard of the authorities to solve the basic problems affecting the community.

Poverty, frustration and exclusion, and social deviance models to which they are exposed most of these residents make this community can be fertile ground for crime.

2. EPIDEMIOLOGY OF POPULATION:

 After making home visits, we learned about the major diseases afflicting the population.

Digestive System Diseases. Diarrhoeal diseases.  Respiratory Diseases. 

HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS IN LAMBAYEQUE

Walking through the streets of the district of Lambayeque, we observe some places where health services are offered both conventional and alternative. We will discuss these establishments:

1. FORMAL HEALTH SERVICES:

PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES

HOSPITAL "TEACHING HOSPITAL BELEN-LAMBAYEQUE PROVINCIAL"

HEALTH CENTER "TORIBIA CASTRO"

HEALTH CENTER "SAN MARTIN"

2. EMPIRICAL MEDICINE PROVIDERS:

On the streets of Lambayeque and in the marginal zone of Old Moxee find some people who are dedicated to providing a type of health care practices based on empirical and highlighting traditional midwives, bone setters and shamans. Let's look at each:

a) MIDWIVES.

Midwife is a person (usually a woman) who assists the mother during childbirth and initially acquired her skills attending their births or herself working with other TBAs.

Emelina Ms. Perez Gonzalez domiciled in the Mz G Lt 24 told us as

is that from living in Moxe old began providing services to

pregnant and postpartum women primarily.

b) BONERS.

They are traditional medicine specialists who master the techniques aimed at treating various disorders of the musculoskeletal system, using the massage or dog-eared in therapy.

c) SHAMANS.

It is an individual who is credited with the ability to heal, to communicate with spirits and presenting visionary and divinatory skills.

Moxe area are references to the famous Mr. Chicoma sobador

whose job it was inherited from his father who was considered the

best sobador of Lambayeque.

DETERMINING FACTORS OF THE HEALTH IN LAMBAYEQUE's DISTRICT

1. PROTECTIVE FACTORS:

The accessibility to services of health and the community activity of these (specially the realized one for the center of health Toribia Castro) is the principal protective factor that reaches to this sector of the population.

Sector possesses the basic services of water, outlet and light. The streets asfaltadas also constitute a protective factor. Many educational centers that they find are important also for

the information role.

The parks and gardens that not only act supporting the local ecology, but they serve as elements of distraction and anti stress.

Also we possess Lambayeque's fire brigade.

The Center of the major adult, located in A. B. Leguía 269-Lambayeque, orientated to improving the process of the aging, by means of the development of programs, sociocultural, recreative, productive of familiar, intergenerational integration and of ways of life for an active aging.

In the intersection of the streets Augusto B. Leguía and Sebastián Onetto we find to the CEDIF-Lambayeque (Center of Integral Development of the Family) of the INABIF, which offers food help to children in extreme poverty.

The workers' union of civil construction, which also is a protective factor of health for the worker.

Also there exist services of recycling, which favor the decontamination of Lambayeque's sectors.

2. FACTORS OF RISK:

One of the principal factors that put in danger the health of the population is the irrigation ditch that runs along the north margin of the zone. In her they find important centers of infection as heaps of garbage.

The upbringing animal, especially cattle, which can predispose some zoonosis.

The terrible condition of the network of outlets is really worrying since the places are different where there are situated collapses and exhibition of the served waters.

As well as there exist zones of considerable urban development, they think also, adjacent, different very poor, that they are not asfaltadas with housings adobes, in precarious condition, with accumulation.

Garbage in not suitable places: Part of the street Sebastián Oneto.

LAMBAYEQUE MEDICINAL PLANTS

DEFINITIONAre those plants with several active substances are used in curative or palliative treatment of certain diseases.

IMPORTANCEKnowledge of the use of medicinal plants for our health is of vital importance due to easy availability and low cost they have.The use of medicinal plants must be very responsible, taking the recommended doses. If discomfort persists, it is important to consult people with more experience in the use of medicinal plants and doctors.

What are medicinal plants that have the greatest demand?Depends on the season:Summer: DesinflamanteWinter: Respiratory diseases: chamomile, peppermint, anise, lemon verbena.

HERBALISM "MIRACLE CHILD" SINCE 80

Mercado. Model - Position. 80 - "B" (Cradle Sector) - Chiclayo, PeruRepresentative: Segundo Elmer Cruz Aldaz: specialist in medicinal plants, treat diseases: epilepsy, kidney, prostate and spills.

Mr. Elmer Cruz gave us to know the herbs that heal every disease or serve as a dietary supplement to prevent disease in particular:

Blood: Moradillo, canchalagua.Stress: Valerian, marjoram, rosemary.Cholesterol: dandelion, pasuchaca.Constipation: sin with orange, honey land (cleanse the digestive tract).Nerves: burnet, marjoram.Asthma: chilco, pulmonaria.Cancer: cat's claw.Diabetes: blackberry.Inflammation: annattoAllergy: NorbaCirrhosis: extract, dandelion salad served with honey or juice of land.Gall: Chancapiedra, ponytail.Muscle pain: analgesic herbs, welded with welding, bloodsucker.Acne: bloodroot, Moradillo.Laxative-Antiparasitic: sen.Epilepsy: preparing a Mass steeped in wine, and mixed: Heart of the Condor, peak toucan, turkey blood, 7 seeds mountain, bear gall, gall of the handle.7 herbs also are mixed depending on the type of disease. The

treatment is complemented by bathrooms every 15 days.Prostate: achiote, sour sop, calahuala, horsetail, shepherd's purse.

INTRAMURAL ACTIVITIES AT THE HEALTH CENTER

1. THE MEDICAL CONSULTANT

The medical consultation is the main opportunity for the doctor to explore the patient’s problems and concerns and to start to identify the reasons for their ill health.

Now let’s see its structure:

Initiating the session gathering information physical examination explanation and planning closing the session

2. OBSTTRICS AND GYNECOLOGY

Obstetrics is the medical specialty dealing with the care of all women's reproductive tracts and their children during pregnancy (prenatal period), childbirth and the postnatal period.

Uterine Measurements During Pregnancy

The fundal height--measured from the top of the pubic bone to the top of the uterus--is generally measured in centimeters, and it's a measurement, as you might suspect, that should increase as the pregnancy continues toward your due date. Even though the fundal height is generally a diagnostic tool held over from the days before ultrasound, it is still useful in large clinics where the same patient may not get the same doctor twice in a row for her prenatal visits.

Naegele's Rule :

It is a standard way of calculating the due date for a pregnancy. The rule estimates the expected date of delivery (EDD) by adding one year, subtracting three months, and adding seven days to the first day of a woman's last menstrual period (LMP). The result is approximately 280 days (40 weeks) from the LMP.

3. NURSING-CHILD CARE

CHILDREN’S IMMUNIZATION SHEDULE

Vaccinations are some of the most important tools available for preventing disease, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Vaccinations not only protect children from developing a potentially serious disease but also protect the community by reducing the spread of infectious

PHYSICAL THERAPY AND REHABILITATION MEDICINE

Physical therapy (or physiotherapy), often abbreviated PT, is a health care profession. Physical therapy is concerned with identifying and maximizing quality of life and movement potential within the spheres of promotion, prevention,

diagnosis, treatment/intervention, and rehabilitation. This encompasses physical, psychological, emotional, and social well being.

Physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R), physiatry or rehabilitation medicine, is a branch of medicine that aims to enhance and restore functional ability and quality of life to those with physical impairments or disabilities. A physician having completed training in this field is referred to as a physiatrist or rehab medicine specialist. Physiatrists specialize in restoring optimal function to people with injuries to the muscles, bones, tissues, and nervous system (such as stroke

patients).

PSYCHOLOGY

BENDER-GESTALT TEST

The Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Test, or simply the Bender-Gestalt test, is a psychological test first developed by child neuropsychiatrist Lauretta Bender. The test is used to evaluate "visual-motor maturity", to screen for developmental disorders, or to assess neurological function or brain damage.

THE MACHOVER TEST

This test is often used today in connection with psycho dynamic evaluations and diagnostic assessments of children. The evolution of developmental theory and the way in which children's psychological difficulties are assessed has changed during the years. When interpreting the Machover material an integration of theories from drive psychology, ego psychology, object relation theory and the theories concerning the self's development is recommended.

MOCCE ANTIGUO MAP

In order to support a research project with Dr. Patazca, went to the Lambayeque sector: Mocce Antiguo, for to do a sector map, to

MATERIALS

investigate the chiefs of the area, to assess whether the services sector accounts for water, sewer and electric lighting, to examine whether the conditions of life are apt to have a good health and to recognizing and living quarters uninhabitable.

The map was prepared as follows: we form groups of two to ask the name of each family block by block, and one of us separately inquired who the authorities of the sector.

FAMILY RECORDSHealth Center: _______________________ House Nº___________

I. GENERAL DATES DATE: ___________ Day: _____ Month: ______ Year: ________ II. RISKSector: _________________ Locality: ________________ Familiar Last name: ___________________ Nº Members: ____________Address: ________________ Benchmark: _______________Nº Families: ____ Nº Contributors: ____ Religion: __________ Language: _______ HIGH MEDIUM LOW

III. FAMILIAR COMPOSITION

GENOGRAM

A genogram is a format for drawing a family tree that records information about family members and their relationships, of over at least three generations. The genogram is an excellent way to represent the composition of family data in a concise and readable. Data can be added as they are collected.

The family genograms display information in a way that provides a quick overview of complex family patterns and a rich source of hypotheses about how a clinical problem may be connected to the family context and the evolution of the problem and context over time.

Genograms show three levels:

The structure of a family: explains how family members are linked together, either biologically or legally.

Recording family information: demographic information on the operation and critical family events.

The relationships between family members: using different types of lines to symbolize different relationships between family members.

Utility:

Management of serious illness or death, symptoms shared by other family members.

Assessed and management of common symptoms. Identifying the cause of symptoms rather than focusing on the patient presents.

Anticipate or prevent medical problems. Considering and managing acute and chronic biomedical problems induced by stress.

Recognize, diagnose, perform counseling or genetic problems registering.

Diagnose and manage emotional and behavioral problems influenced by familystructure and function.

In abuse and drug use.

Genogram content data:

Three or more generations. The names of all family members. Age or date of birth of all family members. Death, including age or date and cause.

Significant diseases or problems with family members. Demarcation of the family members living under one roof. Dates of marriages and divorces. The member who was born first must go to the left

and right siblings, in descending order. Description of the symbols used. Symbols selected for simplicity and maximum visibility.

Some symbols used in the genogram: members living in the home evaluated, are contained in an en closed space within the genogram.

ECOMAP

The eco-map is a supplement to familiograma and a great visual aid for the family health team in understanding the environment in which life unfolds headed households. Its routine use is intended to represent the family and their contacts with their supra, the environment around them: the extended family, work, recreation, education, health services, educational institutions, the religion, etc.

DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE OF ECOMAPAS

The eco-map consists of a central circle containing the familiograma of the family, living under the same roof, around the center circle are located other circles representing friends, health facilities and education, work, the extended family, etc., in the context of the nuclear family.

The size of the circles surrounding the familiograma can be variable and must conform to the requirements of the design. Lines are drawn between the family and the outer circles to it to indicate the nature of the connections. The dotted lines indicate connections tenuous. Dashed lines indicate relationships stressful. The wider lines indicate greater union. The arrows that are used can be drawn along the lines indicating the flow of energy and resources. Additional circles can be drawn if needed; depending on the number of significant contacts you have family.

UTILITY

He points out the interactions of the family and each of its members with the systems that surround and summarized in graphical form.

Allows you to identify potential sources of stress or conflict. Suggests resources to mobilize in times of crisis. Indicates whether some people have good relationships with

elements outside the family.