PROYECTO QUIMICA.docx

7/26/2019 PROYECTO QUIMICA.docx

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INGENIERIA CIVIL 1

CAPITULO I

GENERALIDADES DEL PROYECTO


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INGENIERIA CIVIL 2

CAPITULO II

CONCRETO REFORZADO CON FIBRAS

2.1 HISTORIA Y EVOLUCION

El Concreto !or"#$%n co"o e& ll'"'(ot'")#*n en otro& +',&e&- (r'nte el $lo .. !' e/+er#"ent'(o n' +ro0n('eolc#%n co"o "'ter#'l (e con&trcc#%n ' &e' en (#&e3o- en c4lclo- entecnolo$,' co"o "'ter#'l en &,- con l' 0#n'l#('( (e )&c'r n "e5orren(#"#ento +or en(e "e5or'& en && +ro+#e('(e& co"+ort'"#ento6

L' '+'r#c#%n (el concreto 'r"'(o 0e en l' &e$n(' "#t'( (el $lo .I.6S (e&c)r#"#ento 0e 'tr#)#(o ' L'")lot +or l' +re&ent'c#%n en l'e/+oc#%n 7n#er&'l (e P'r,& (e 1899 n )'rco (e c'rc'&' "et4l#c'rec)#erto +or concreto (e c'l !#(r4l#c'6 S#n e")'r$o 0e Monet- n 5'r(#nero(e Ver&'lle&- :#en en 18;8 +'tent% el &te"' +'r' l' re'l#@? - t'")#*n- el concreto re0or


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INGENIERIA CIVIL @

et'+' en el &o (e 0#)r'&6 Dr'nte e&o& '3o& !' n $r'n #nter*& +orel (e&'rrollo (e 0#)r'& nt*t#c'& :e tr't'n (e co+#'r ' l'& 0#)r'& n'tr'le& c' '+l#c'c#%n +r#nc#+'l e& l' 0')r#c'c#%n (e te5#(o&6

C'n(o &e co"en


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INGENIERIA CIVIL

2.2 DEFINICION

Lo& FRC &e (e0#nen co"o ':ello&concreto& :e #nclen en & co"+oc#%n 0#)r'& cort'&- (#&cret'& 'le'tor#'"ente (#&tr#)#('& en & "'&'6 El concreto re0or


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INGENIERIA CIVIL 9

L'& 0#)r'& t#l#co"o +ol#+ro+#leno- +ol#et#leno? F#)r'& #nor$4n#c'&

L' e0ect##('( (e l' 'cc#%n re0or


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INGENIERIA CIVIL ;

L'& 0#)r'& (e #(r#o re&tente& ' lo& 4lc'l#& (el ce"ento- &e #enent#l#


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INGENIERIA CIVIL

(el concreto- +or lo :e &e +re0#ere n ce"ento (e )'5o +orcent'5e (e 4lc'l#&- &e e"+le' n t#+o (e 0#)r' (e #(r#o re&tente ' lo& 4lc'l#&6

Son e"+le'(o& +r#nc#+'l"ente en +'nele& (e 0'c!'(' +'r' e(#0#c'c#one&-t)er,'&- (e+%to& (e l,:#(o&- &e+'r'c#one& co"o +'re(e& +ert'&-ele"ento& re&tente& 'l 0e$o- te5'&- "o)#l#'r#o r)'no- +'#"ento&-enco0r'(o&- re+'r'c#one& 'r:#tect%n#c'&- $ener'l"ente +re0')r#c'(o&6

L' lon$#t( (e e&te t#+o (e 0#)r' e&- (e !'&t' "" lo& conten#(o&&'le& &on (e "eno& (el 9 en ol"en6

S "e


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INGENIERIA CIVIL 8

2662 El Concr!o R"or#$%o conF&'r$( % Pol&*ro*&lno.)

L'& 0#)r'& +ol#"*r#c'& 'tr'5eron l' 'tenc#%n (e lo& #ne&t#$'(ore& +'r' re0or


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INGENIERIA CIVIL

Se$n & +roce&o (e 0')r#c'c#%n lo& +o(e"o& cl'#c'r en=

Mono0#l'"ento& e/tr',(o& L4"#n'& 0#)r#l'('&

L'& (#"enone& (e l'& 0#)r'& &on 'r#')le&- #$'l :e & (#4"etro 0or"'6 Pe(en cl'#c'r&e en=

M#cro0#)r'& 6@ "" (#4"etro M'cro0#)r'& J6@ "" (#4"etro

L'& "#cro0#)r'& &e e"+le'n en $ener'l +'r' re(c#r l' 0#&r'c#%n +orretr'cc#%n +l4&t#c' (el concreto- e&+ec#'l"ente en +'#"ento& &oler'&-

+ero no '&"e 0nc#one& e&trctr'le&6 T'")#*n &e t#l#c'+'c#('( (e ')&orc#%n (e ener$,'? "e5or rec+er'c#%n en l'


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INGENIERIA CIVIL 1

CAPITULO III

CONCRETO REFORZADO CON FIBRAS DE ACERO

3.1 DEFINICION

L'& 0#)r'& (e 'cero t#l#


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INGENIERIA CIVIL 11

Tabla 2 ango de "ro"orciones de com"onentes "ara %n )FC

3.2.1 Cemento.-

El ce"ento e& n co"+onente (ec#o en l' (oc#l#('( (el "'ter#'l ene&t'(o 0re&co - +o&ter#or"ente- en l'& c'r'cter,&t#c'& "ec4n#c'& (elconcreto en(rec#(o6 Se +e(e e"+le'r c'l:#er ce"ento :e c"+l'con lo& re:#to& e&t')lec#(o& +'r' n concreto tr'(#c#on'l- e"+re:e &e' c'+'< (e +ro+orc#on'r 'l concreto l'& c'r'cter,&t#c'& :e e/#$eel +roecto6

C'nto "'or &e' el conten#(o (e 0#)r'& "enor el t'"'3o "4/#"o(el '$re$'(o- &er4 nece&'r#o e"+le'r n' "'or c'nt#('( (e ce"entocon l' 0#n'l#('( (e +ro+orc#on'r "4& +'&t'6

3.2.2 Agua.)

Se +e(e e"+le'r '$' :e c"+l' lo& "#&"o& re:#to& e/#$#(o& enel c'&o (e concreto& tr'(#c#on'le& 'r"'(o&- +on#en(o e&+ec#'l 'tenc#%n '

lo& '$ente& :e +e('n '0ect'r ' l'& 0#)r'&6 L' In&trcc#%n EHE 28e&t')lece- :e el '"ento (e l' con&tenc#' (e)#(o 'l &o (e l'& 0#)r'& (e)e&er co"+en&'(o e"+re con l' '(#c#%n (e '(#t#o& re(ctore& (e '$'- n"o(#0#c'r l' (o#c'c#%n +re#&t' (e l' "#&"'6

3.2.3 Agregados.)

A(e"4& (e c"+l#r lo& re:er#"#ento& (e co"+oc#%n- re&tenc#'-(r')#l#('(- e&t')#l#('( l#"+#e


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INGENIERIA CIVIL 12

Se +e(en e"+le'r '$re$'(o& ro('(o& o c!'nc'(o&- en(o el "4&'(ec'(o el e"+leo (e lo& +r#"ero& >e&+ec#'l"ente en l' 'ren'? ' :e +'r''lore& #(*nt#co& (e rel'c#%n '$'ce"ento &e o)t#ene "e5or (oc#l#('( :econ lo& '$re$'(o& c!'nc'(o&6

Re&+ecto (el conten#(o (e 0#no&- c'n(o &e '(#c#on'n 0#)r'& (e 'cero e&'con&e5')le #ncor+or'r "'or c'nt#('( (e 0#no& +'r' re(c#r el r#e&$o (e&e$re$'c#%n- '"ent'r l' co!e%n 0'orecer l' "o#l#('( (e l'& 0#)r'&6

L' "o#l#('( +otenc#'l (e l'& 0#)r'& (e+en(e (e l' +ro+orc#%n (e '$re$'(o$re&o (el t'"'3o "4/#"o (e '$re$'(o>F#$r' @?6 C'nto "'or &e'ne&to& (o& +'r4"etro& "enor &er4 l' "o#l#('( +otenc#'l (e l'& 0#)r'&6 L'

SCE > '+'n Soc#et o0 C##l En$#neer&? +l'nte' :e el 'lor %+t#"o (elt'"'3o "4/#"o (e '$re$'(o &e' #n0er#or ' l' "#t'( (e l' lon$#t( (e l' 0#)r'6

Fig%ra 3. !fecto del tama#o del agregado en la distrib%ci*n de las fibras(de +0mm de

longit%d$

T'"'3o& "4/#"o& (e '$re$'(o "'ore& :e 2"" no &onreco"en('(o&- 'n:e en 'l$no& e&t(#o& &e !'n e"+le'(o '$re$'(o& (e!'&t' @8 "" con re&lt'(o& &'t#&0'ctor#o& >ACI 96@R8- 28?6 Sereco"#en(' t'")#*n :e el t'"'3o "4/#"o (e '$re$'(o no &+ere=

2@ (e l' lon$#t( "4/#"' (e l' 0#)r'6 19 (el l'(o "enor (el ele"ento6

@ (e l' (#&t'nc#' l#)re entre l'& )'rr'& (e 'r"'(o6

L' rel'c#%n '$re$'(o $re&o'$re$'(o 0#no >A$A0? &ele re(c#r&ere&+ecto (e lo e&+ec#0#c'(o +'r' n concreto tr'(#c#on'l con l'& "#&"'&e/#$enc#'& (e re&tenc#'- ' :e n "'or ol"en (el "ortero 0'c#l#t' l'"o#l#('( (e l'& 0#)r'&6 Se (e)e )&c'r n' rel'c#%n A$A0 %+t#"' :e+ro+orc#one l' (oc#l#('( re&tenc#' (e&e'('&6


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INGENIERIA CIVIL 1@

3.2.4 Aditivos.)

En lo& SFRC &e e"+le'n +r#nc#+'l"ente '(#t#o& re(ctore& (e '$'

'#re'nte&6L' EHE >l' In&trcc#%n E&+'3ol' (e Hor"#$%n E&trctr'l? 28 e&t')lece:e- c'n(o l'& 0#)r'& t#l#er 0#$r' ?6

Fig%ra +. &iferentes ti"os de fibras de acero


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INGENIERIA CIVIL 1

A(e"4&- con el 0#n (e "e5or'r l' '(!erenc#' con el concreto- l'& 0#)r'&+e(en +re&ent'r lo& e/tre"o& con0or"'(o&- on(l'c#one&- corr$'&-'+l'&t'"#ento&- $'nc!o&- etc6 En $ener'l- l'& (#"enone& (e l'& 0#)r'&o&c#l'n entre -29 -8 "" (e (#4"etro entre 1 9 "" (e lon$#t(6El "*to(o (e o)tenc#%n no e& n#co- 'n:e el "4& !')#t'l e& el (el corte(e 'l'")re& tre0#l'(o& (e 'cero (e )'5o conten#(o (e c'r)ono6 Otro& "*to(o&&on el corte (e l4"#n'& (e 'cero el 'rr'nc'"#ento en c'l#ente- con$#en(o0#)r'& (e &ecc#%n c'(r'(' 0#)r'& con 0or"' (e #rt' re&+ect#'"ente6

3.3.1 Caractersticas.)

En l' c'r'cter#l0 (0?6 A "'or e&)elte"elte/tr'cte(?6 Gr+o IV= con0or"'(o& en 0r,o6 Gr+o V= '&err'(o& (e )lo:e (e 'cero>"#lle( 0ro" &teel )loc?6

L'& 0#)r'& (e 'cero- co"o &e e/+l#c' l,ne'& 'rr#)'- +e(en &er (e 'cero 'lc'r)ono >en oc'one&- con 'le'c#one& con el 0#n (e "e5or'r


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INGENIERIA CIVIL 19

encontr'r 0#)r'& con ree&t#"#ento& (e


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INGENIERIA CIVIL 1;

3.1.2 Longitud de la fibra de acero.)

A(e"4& (e l'& l#"#t'c#one& rel'c#on'('& con el t'"'3o "4/#"o (e 4r#(o 'co"ent'('&- c'n(o el concreto ' ' &er )o")e'(o- l' lon$#t( (e l' 0#)r' no(e)e &+er'r 2@ (el (#4"etro #nter#or (el t)o6 Otro 0'ctor l#"#t'nte (e l'lon$#t( (e l'& 0#)r'& e& l' &e+'r'c#%n entre l'& )'rr'& (e 'r"'(o c'n(o*&t'& e&t4n +re&ente& >en e&to& c'&o& l' lon$#t( (e l'& 0#)r'& no (e)e&+er'r l' &e+'r'c#%n ",n#"' entre )'rr'& ' no &er :e &e (e"e&tre conen&'o& +re#o& :e no +re&ent'n #nconen#ente&?6

L' &ecc#%n tr'n&er&'l (e l'& 0#)r'& (e+en(e +r#nc#+'l"ente (el "'ter#'l

&'(o en l' 0')r#c'c#%n >+roce&o (e 0')r#c'c#%n?6 El $r+o I &ele tener(#4"etro& (e 629 ' 1""- en 0nc#%n (e l' &ecc#%n (el c')le (el :e &ono)ten#('& >$ener'l"ente &ecc#one& c#rcl're&?6

El $r+o II >+or lo $ener'l +l'n'& rect'&? t#enen &ecc#one&tr'n&er&'le& con e&+e&ore& (e 619 ' 6; "" 'nc!o& (e 629 ' 2 ""6In(e+en(#ente"ente (el t#+o (e 0#)r'&- l' $r'n "'or,' t#ene (#4"etro&entre 6 68 "" lon$#t(e& (e 29 ' ; ""6 S ,n(#ce (e e&)elteACI 96@R8-28?6 Pro)et'& con "'or e&)elte< &o+ort'n tenone&&en)le"ente "'ore& +ero +re&ent'n re&+e&t'& "eno&


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INGENIERIA CIVIL 2

(ct#le& ' co"+re%n6 Se (e)e tener e&+ec#'l c#('(o cone&t'& t'c#one& +'r' no $ener'r 0'l&o& +'nor'"'& conre&lt'(o& e/ce'"ente o+t#"#&t'&6

3.4.1.2 Comportamiento a traccin.-

L' '(#c#%n (e 0#)r'& (e 'cero en el concreto +ro(ce n '"ento (e l're&tenc#' ' tr'cc#%n6 E&te #ncre"ento e& "'or c'nto "'or e& elconten#(o (e 0#)r'& >er 0#$r' 8?6 Alc'n


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INGENIERIA CIVIL 21

Fig%ra . &iagrama tensi*n de flei*n

deformaci*n (odrg%ez *"ez et al., !s"a#a 1/+$.

El #ncre"ento (e l' re&tenc#' ' 0le/otr'cc#%n 'l '(#c#on'r 0#)r'& (e 'cero'l concreto e& con(er')le"ente "'or :e el (e l' re&tenc#' ' l'co"+re%n ' tr'cc#%n6 E&to &e (e)e 'l co"+ort'"#ento (ct#l (el SFRC enl'


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INGENIERIA CIVIL 22

El e"+leo (e "'ore& ol"ene& (e 0#)r'&- en&'o& con &te"'& (ec'r$' en el centro (e l' lACI 96 R88- 2?6A(e"4&- el SFRC +re&ent' n' "enor ten(enc#' ' l' (e&0r'$"ent'c#%n el(e&+ren(#"#ento6

To(o lo 'nter#or &e (e)e ' l' &en)#l#('( (e l' "'tr#


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INGENIERIA CIVIL 2@

3.4.3.2 "enacidad.)

L' 'r#')le :e "4& #n0le en l' ten'c#('( e& l' c'+'c#('( '(!erente (e l'&0#)r'&6

L' ten'c#('( e& tr'(#c#on'l"ente c'nt#0#c'(' co"o el 4re' )'5o l' cr'c'r$'0lec!' o)ten#(' e/+er#"ent'l"ente6 El en&'o (e tr'cc#%n (#rect'- +orl' (#0#clt'( :e #"+l#c' re'l#'nc!o- 'lto lon$#t(?- (e l' con0#$r'c#%n (e c'r$' >+nto "e(#oo ' terc#o&?- (el cr#ter#o (e control (el en&'o >c'r$'- 0lec!'- ')ertr' (e0#&r'- c'rrer' (e l' +ren&'- etc6? (e l' eloc#('( (e c'r$'6 Lo& "*to(o&(e en&'o "4& t#l#


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INGENIERIA CIVIL 2

El e"+leo (e &te"'& co")#n'(o& (e re0er0#)r'& e&tr#)o&? con(ce' not')le& #ncre"ento& en l' (ct#l#('(- 'n:e con '"ento& re&tente& 'cort'nte +oco $n#0#c't#o& >(el 'l 19 +'r' concreto& or(#n'r#o& (e'lt' re&tenc#'- re&+ect#'"ente? re&+ecto (e l'& #$'& con &olo e&tr#)o&co"o 'r"'(r' (e cort'nte6

2.4.3.0 $urabilidad del %&C.-

Co"o &e &')e l' '(#c#%n (e 0#)r'& (e 'cero en el concreto $ener'

co"+ort'"#ento& "ec4n#co& c'r'cter#


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INGENIERIA CIVIL 29

CAPITULO IV

DURABILIDAD DEL SFRC

4.1 ANTECEDENTES

L' (r')#l#('( (e n' e&trctr' (econcreto &e )'&' en & c'+'c#('( (e re&t#r- (r'nte & #(' t#l- l'&con(#c#one& 0,c'& :,"#c'& ' l'& :e e&t4 e/+e&t'- :e +o(r,'n+rooc'r & (e$r'('c#%n +or c'&'& (#0erente& ' l'& (e l'& &ol#c#t'c#one&+re#&t'& en el 'n4l#& e&trctr'l6

L' (r')#l#('( (el concreto (e+en(e (e tre& 0'ctore&= l' c'l#('( (el

concreto- l' (en('( (el concreto lo& 'c')'(o& (e l' e&trctr'6 Deentre ello& c')e (e&t'c'r co"o (e $r'n #"+ort'nc#' l' (en('( (el concreto6Lo& +roce&o& (e c'r)on't'c#%n- +enetr'c#%n (e #one& (e clorro el't':e (e &l0'to& e&t4n en +ro+orc#%n (#rect' con l' +er"e')#l#('( (e l'"'tr#o"et4l#c'& en $ener'l? l'& :e '+ort'n "'ore& )ene0#c#o& en e&te &ent#(o6F,c'"ente- l' 0#)r' +ro+orc#on' (ct#l#('( 'l concreto- co&' :e +er"#te')&or)er ener$,' (el #"+'cto6 A(e"4&- l' re&tenc#' (el concreto con 0#)r'&-(e&+*& (e l' 0#&r'c#%n- lle$' ' &er n 9 "'or :e en concreto conenc#on'l 6

Se$n Q'n$ - en lo :e 'l co"+ort'"#ento 0rente 'l #"+'cto &ere0#ere e/#&te n conten#(o cr,t#co (e 0#)r'& :e &e t' entorno 'l 9


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INGENIERIA CIVIL 2;

re&+ecto 'l ol"en6 En el c'&o (e '(#c#one& #n0er#ore& 'l 'lor cr,t#co- l'&+ro+#e('(e& (el concreto &e en "e5or'('& l#$er'"ente6 S#n e")'r$o- +'r''(#c#one& "'ore&- l' ener$,' (e 0r'ctr' &'lt' r4+#('"ente ' 'lore&

&+er#ore&6

E&te 0en%"eno &e +re&ent' en l' 0#$r' en l' :e &e "e&tr' n' $r40#c'(e l' eolc#%n (e l' ener$,' (e 0r'ctr' (el concreto con 0#)r'& (e'cero en 0nc#%n (el +orcent'5e (e 0#)r'&6

Fig%ra nfl%encia del contenido de fibra (en 4$

sobre la energa de fract%ra (5ang et al. 1-$.

En l' $r40#c' &e o)&er' el &'lto en el 'lor (e l' ener$,' +'r' el 'lorcr,t#co (e -9 (e 0#)r'&6 E&to e& (e)#(o 'l (#0erente co"+ort'"#ento (e l'&0#)r'& en '")o& c'&o&6 Por (e)'5o (el -9 (e 0#)r'& &e +e(e +ro(c#r l'rotr' (e l' 0#)r' >'n:e no e"+re e& '&,? el '"ento (eener$,' (e 0r'ctr' e& "o(e&to6 P'r' 'lore& &+er#ore& 'l -9(e 0#)r'&- &e +ro(ce el (e&l#


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INGENIERIA CIVIL 2

4.1.2 D-r$'&l&%$% %l HRFA n $,'&n!( ,$r&no(.)

Lo& '")#ente& "'r#no& &e c'r'cter#1? (e l' 'r"'(r' +or lot t l # # # ( l #% ( ( 0 l l# (


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INGENIERIA CIVIL 28

En l' 0#$r' 1 &e +re&ent' l' &ecenc#' (e 't':e (e lo& clorro& entre& et'+'&= e&t'(o #n#c#'l- e&t'(o ' corto +l'


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INGENIERIA CIVIL 2

Fig%ra 10 )ec%encia de ata6%e de los clor%ros.

En el c'&o (el concreto re0or


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INGENIERIA CIVIL @



31/79

INGENIERIA CIVIL @1

CAPITULO V

FISURACI5N

6.1 ANTECEDENTES

7no (e lo& '&+ecto& cl'e en l'(r')#l#('( (el concreto e& l' 0#&r'c#%n6 El concreto no 0#&r'(o e& n"'ter#'l (e 'lt' (r')#l#('( ' :e l' "'tr#< e& +oco +oro&'- (el or(en (el9- con lo c'l l' cont#n#('( (e lo& +oro& e& e&c'&' e#t'n(o l' +enetr'c#%n

(e '$ente& e/terno&6 S#n e")'r$o- l' 0#&r'c#%n en e&trctr'& (e concreto&ele &er #ne#t')leno &+on#en(o n#n$n #nconen#ente ' n#ele&trctr'l n# en &er#c#o +'r' (eter"#n'(o& 'lore& (el 'nc!o (e l' 0#&r'6

E&t')lec#en(o n 'nc!o "4/#"o (e 0#&r' $'r'nt#


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INGENIERIA CIVIL @2

&es"%8s del end%recimiento del concreto

S# &e tr't' (e concreto en(rec#(o- l'& c'&'& (e l' 0#&r'c#%n &onl'& $#ente&= F,c'&= +or 4r#(o& con retr'cc#%n- retr'cc#%n +or &ec'(o6 ,"#c'&= +or corro%n (el 'cero- re'cc#%n 4r#(o'lc'l# o c'r)on't'c#%n6 T*r"#c'&= +or c#clo& !#elo(e&!#elo o contr'cc#%n t*r"#c' te"+r'n'6 E&trctr'le&= +or c'r$'& e/ter#ore& o (e0or"'c#one& #"+e&t'&6

6.1.2 F&(-r$( n concr!o $r,$%o.)

T'l co"o &e !' e/+l#c'(o- l'& c'&'& (e l' '+'r#c#%n (e 0#&r'& en elconcreto &on (#er&'&- en e&te +nto &e centr' en l'& 0#&r'& (e)#('& ' l''cc#%n (#rect' (e n' c'r$' o (e0or"'c#%n #"+e&t' ' :e &on elo)5eto (e e&t(#o en l' c'"+'3' e/+er#"ent'l re'l#


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INGENIERIA CIVIL @@

Fig%ra 1+ Fase inicial de fis%raci*n (9itt,:. 2003$.

En l' 0#&r'- l' ten%n &%lo e& ')&or)#(' +or l' 'r"'(r'- n :eel concreto contr#)' (e n#n$n "o(o6 A&,- el 'cero 'lc'n


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INGENIERIA CIVIL @

Fig%ra 1 Fase final de fis%raci*n (9itt,:. 2003$

En l' +r4ct#c'- l'& e&trctr'& (e concreto &e encentr'nentre e&t'& (o& 0'&e& nnc' &e 'lc'n


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INGENIERIA CIVIL @9

En l' 0#$r' 1; &e +re&ent' n e&:e"' (e l' (#0erenc#' en el+roce&o (e 0#&r'c#%n entre n concreto 'r"'(o n concreto'r"'(o re0or


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INGENIERIA CIVIL @;

Fig%ra 1 !lemento de concreto reforzado con fibras sometido a

tracci*n o fleotracci*n (Coto o6%et, .7> 200$



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INGENIERIA CIVIL @

Fig%ra 1/ Fis%ras sec%ndarias ind%cidas "or la fibra de acero (9itt,:.2003$

E&te 0en%"eno !'ce :e l'& 0#&r'& &e'n "4& cr'&- +(#en(o

(etect'r en 'l$no& c'&o& l' 0r'$"ent'c#%n r'"#0#c'c#%n (e l'&"#&"'&6 Ante e&t' t'c#%n- &e +ro(ce n '"ento (e l're&tenc#' ' l' +enetr'c#%n (e &&t'nc#'&- e&+ec#'l"ente l,:#(o&-:e +e('n &er '$re'&


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INGENIERIA CIVIL @8

CAPITULO VI+ETODOLOGIA DE DISE9O DEL SFRC

:.1 ANTECEDENTES

Se re:#ere (e n' "eto(olo$,' (e(#&e3o +'r' ele"ento& (e SFRC :e reconoSFRC? !' (o(e&'rroll'(o +or (#&t#nto& ente& #ntern'c#on'le&- entre lo& c'le& &e (e&t'c' elA"er#c'n Concrete In&t#tte >ACI +or && $l'& en #n$l*&?- e&+ec#'l"ente elCo"#t* 9- (el c'l e/#&ten (#&t#nt'& #ne&t#$'c#one& en c'nto '+ro+#e('(e& (e re&tenc#'- (e0or"'c#%n- con(#c#one& (e &er#c#o (r')#l#('( (e concreto re0orT!e Concrete Soc#et- 2@ 2? (e l' 7n#%n Intern'c#on'l(e L')or'tor#o& E/+erto& en M'ter#'le& (e Con&trcc#%n- S#&te"'& E&trctr'& >RILEM-2?- ente& ero+eo& :e t'")#*n !'n (e&'rroll'(o

n"ero&'& #ne&t#$'c#one& en c'nto ' e&te te"' &e !'n enc'r$'(o (etr't'r (e n#0#c'r l' nor"'t#' (e (#&e3o (e SFRC )'5o n "#&"o conce+to6

En lo re0erente 'l SFRC- e/#&te #n0or"'c#%n l#"#t'(' &o)re "eto(olo$,'& (e(#&e3o6 Ko&& >21? re'l#


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INGENIERIA CIVIL @

"e(#'nte n 'n4l#& (e re&tenc#' ' co"+re%n "+le co"+ort'"#entoc'r$' (e0or"'c#%n6

E&te c'+#tlo &e en0oc' 'l e&t(#o 'nte e&0er


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INGENIERIA CIVIL

:.2 +ETODOLOG;A DE LA INVES) TIGACI5N

El +ro+%to (e e&te c'+,tlo 0e(e&'rroll'r n' $,' (e (#&e3o (e ele"ento& (e SFRC '+l#c'(o ' contr'+#&o&(e &o #n(&tr#'l- (e)#(o ' l'& ent'5'& :e &e o)t#enen en l' con&trcc#%n o+er'c#%n (e e&t'& e&trctr'& +or el &o (e e&te "'ter#'l6 P'r' ello- &e(##(#% en (o& 0'&e&= n' #ne&t#$'c#%n )#)l#o$r40#c' :e (eter"#n% l'"eto(olo$,' (e (#&e3o n' #ne&t#$'c#%n e/+er#"ent'l +'r' corro)or'r lo&conce+to& #n!erente& 'l &o (el SFRC ' & e


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INGENIERIA CIVIL 1

t#l#ACI- 2;?- TR @ >T!e Concrete Soc#et- 2@? TR;@ CCIP1 >T!eConcrete Soc#et- 2?6

Lo& en&'o& &e re'l#


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:.3 RESULTADOS

Lo& re&lt'(o& o)ten#(o& +'r' elco"+ort'"#ento +re&ent'ron n' " )en' correl'c#%n con lo &e3'l'(ote%r#c'"ente con l'& e&+ec#0#c'c#one& t*cn#c'& (e e&te "'ter#'l6

Fig%ra 2. ?onta


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Fig%ra 2-. !6%i"o %tilizado "ara el ensa;o a flei*n en vigas seg@n 7)T? C

101/.

Fig%ra 2. Fibras 5irandA FF1 %tilizadas en esta investigaci*n.


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Fig%ra 2/. C%rvas 'B "ara los ensa;os a flei*n realizados "ara la

dosificaci*n 1 gDm3.

Fig%ra 2. C%rvas 'B "ara los ensa;os a flei*n realizados "ara la



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Fig%ra 30.C%rvas 'B "ara los ensa;os a flei*n realizados "arala


Fig%ra 31. C%rvas 'B "ara los ensa;os a flei*n realizados "ara la

dosificaci*n +0 gDm3.


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C-$%ro 1. Re&lt'(o& +ro"e(#o o)ten#(o& +'r' el 'lor (e re&tenc#' lt#"'(e 0le/#%n e:#'lente- 0ct0l-e:@6

C-$%ro 2. Re&lt'(o& +ro"e(#o o)ten#(o& +'r' el 'lor (e re&tenc#' '0le/#%n (el concreto- 0ct"-0l.

C-$%ro 3. Re&lt'(o& +ro"e(#o (el ,n(#ce (e 0le/#%n e:#'lente >o re('l?en 0nc#%n

(e l' (o#c'c#%n en el concreto6


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Fig%ra 32. !


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:.6 CONCLUSIONES DE +ETODOLOGIA

Se co"+ro)% :e el concreto re0or


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El &o (e 0#)r'& (e 'cero en el concreto el co"+ort'"#ento (ct#l#n!erente ' e&te "'ter#'l &+one :e el (#&e3o (el concreto +e(' &er

re'l#L19?


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CAPITULO VII

PROCESA+IENTO DE VACIADO DEL SFRC EN LOSAS

0.1 ANTECEDENTES

L'& 0#)r'& (e 'cero 'ct'n en l' "'&'(e concreto co"o ele"ento& r,$#(o&- (e $r'n 4re' &+er0#c#'l $eo"etr,'" e&)elt'- "e5or'n(o 'l$n'& +ro+#e('(e& en e&t'(o en(rec#(o e/#$#en(o "o(#0#c'c#one& en lo& +roce&o& tr'(#c#on'le& (e (o#c'c#%n-0')r#c'c#%n- tr'n&+orte- ert#(o- co"+'ct'c#%n 'c')'(o6

El !ec!o (e '(#c#on'r 0#)r'& 'l concreto t#ene n +e&o #"+ort'nte en elco&to tot'l (el SFRC- +or lo :e &e !'ce nece&'r#' l' o+t#"#11? +e(en &er tr')'5'(o& n re'l#


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reco"#en(' :e el 'ento en Cono (e A)r'"& &e' entre 9 9 "" "'or:e el cono 0#n'l (e&e'(o- "#entr'& :e ACHE>2? +ro+one :e &e' entre2 "" "'or6

L' e/+er#enc#' !' "o&tr'(o :e +'r' lo$r'r n' (#&+er%n '(ec'(' (el'& 0#)r'& en n SFRC con n conten#(o en 0#)r'& !'&t' (e n 1 +orol"en- e& nece&'r#o n cono (e +or lo "eno& 18 "" 'nte& (e '(#c#on'rl'& 0#)r'&6 Con l' '"'&'(or' 0nc#on'n(o ' & "4/#"' eloc#('( &e le'(#c#on'n l'& 0#)r'& 'l concreto- +on#en(o e&+ec#'l c#('(o en :e &e (* n'(#&tr#)c#%n !o"o$*ne'6 E& reco"en(')le e"+le'r n' "'ll' (e 1 "" (el< +'r' :e l'& 0#)r'& +'&en +or ell' &e (#&+er&en 'nte& (e #ncor+or'r&e 'l' "e7NEEN12@9@=2? M'ne5')#l,"etro >NF P1899=2@?

P'rt#en(o (e :e l' +re&enc#' (e l'& 0#)r'& re&tr#n$e l' 0l#(e< (e l'"'tr#


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Fig%ra 1 Corres"ondencia de valores de Cono de 7brams ; Cono nvertido

L'& 0#$r'& 161- 162 "e&tr'n l' #n0lenc#' (e l' e&)elte< (e l'& 0#)r'&- (elt'"'3o "4/#"o (e 4r#(o (el conten#(o (e 0#)r'& &o)re l' con&tenc#'"e(#(' con el Con&t%"etro VeBe6 A&,- &e (e0#ne co"o ol"en cr,t#co(e 0#)r'& ':el 'lor :e !'ce #"+o)le l' correct' co"+'ct'c#%n (e lo&SFRC6

Fig%ra 1.1 !fecto de la esbeltez de las fibras sobre consistencia del

concreto eval%ada con el consist*metro 9eEe (Hannant, 1/$


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Fig%ra 1.2 nfl%encia del tama#o mimo de agregado sobre la consistencia

del concreto eval%ada con el consist*metro 9eEe (Hannant, 1/$

0.4 PUESTA EN OBRA

Gener'l"ente lo& SFRC &on "eno&

(%c#le& :e lo& concreto& tr'(#c#on'le& (e"'n('n "'or ener$,' en l'co"+'ct'c#%n6 E& nece&'r#o t#l#


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En e&te &ent#(o- ('(' l' re&tenc#' ' l' +enetr'c#%n :e +re&ent'nl'& 0#)r'&- e& nece&'r#o t#l#


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+rooc'r (#&tr#)c#one& c#rcl're& (e l'& 0#)r'& 'lre(e(or (el #)r'(or ('r l$'r ' conten#(o& (e 0#)r'& (#&t#nto& entre +nto& +r%/#"o& (e l' "e&'6

L' (#&tr#)c#%n 'l#ne'"#ento (e l'& 0#)r'& (e+en(en (e & $eo"etr,'- (el

t#+o (e #)r'(o (e l' con&tenc#' (e l' "e


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S#- +or el contr'r#o- &e (e&e' con&e$#r n' te/tr' (e 'c')'(o&+er0#c#'l"ente r$o&' &e +e(en e"+le'r ce+#llo&- +ero c#('n(o :e elconcreto e&t* lo &0#c#ente"ente en(rec#(o- (e 0or"' :e no '0loren l'&

+nt'& (e l'& 0#)r'&6 En n#n$n c'&o el ce+#ll'(o (e)e &er en*r$#co6

0.< OTRAS APLICACIONES DEL SFRC

A:# tene"o&=

Ree&t#"#ento (e tnele&6

Pre0')r#c'c#%n= t)o&- 'r:et'&- +'nele& (e 0'c!'('6

O)r'& !#(r4l#c'&- ree&t#"#ento& (e c'n'le&- 'l##'(ero (e +re&'6

In&t'l'c#one& e(#0#c#o& "#l#t're& c##le& :e (e)'n tener "'or re&tenc#'' #"+'cto (e +roect#le&- "etr'll'6

O)r'& (e concreto re0r'ct'r#o= ree&t#"#ento (e cc!'r'& en0n(#c#%n- #nterc'")#'(ore& (e c'lor- etc6


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El ce"ento ' t#l#


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A>r>$%o(

L'& e&+ec#0#c'c#one& concret'& e&t4n ('('& +or l'& Nor"'& ASTMC@@t'nto +'r' lo& '$re$'(o& 0#no& co"o +'r' lo& '$re$'(o& $re&o&- '(e"4&-&e ten(r4 en cent' l' Nor"' ASTM D8 +'r' e'l'r l' (re


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A>r>$%o Gr-(o?P&%r$

De)er4 &er (e +#e(r' o $r''- rot' o c!'nc'('- (e $r'no (ro co"+'cto6De)er4 e&t'r l#"+#' (e +olo- "'ter#' or$4n#c' o )'rro- "'r$' otr'&&t'nc#' (e c'r4cter (elet*re'6 En $ener'l- (e)er4 e&t'r (e 'cer(o con l'&Nor"'& ASTMC@@6

L' 0or"' (e l'& +'rt,cl'& (el '$re$'(o (e)er4 &er (entro (e lo +o)le

'n$l'r6

Lo& '$re$'(o& $re&o& (e)er4n c"+l#r lo& re:#to& (e l'& +re)'&$#ente& :e +e(en &er e0ect'('& +or L' S+er#%n c'n(o lo con(erenece&'r#o= ASTM C1@1- ASTMC88 ASTMC12- c"+l#en(o '(e"4&- conlo& $#ente& l,"#te&=

MALLA 7E PASA

1] 1

1 9 \ 1

12 29 \ ;

[ 1 "4/6[ 8 9 "4/6

A>-$

De)e &er +ot')le- 0re&c'- l#"+#'- l#)re (e &&t'nc#'& +er5(#c#'le& co"o'ce#te&- 4c#(o&- 4lc'l#&- &'le& "#ner'le&- "'ter#'& or$4n#c'&- +'rt,cl'& (e!"&- 0#)r'& e$et'le&- etc6

L' c'l#('( (el 'cero (e re0er


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0#ne


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Tabla +.1. 'ro"iedades de las fibras em"leadas

'rocedimiento del ensa;o

El en&'o (e rotr' ' co"+re%n &e !' re'l#


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97

RESISTENCIA A CO+PRESI5N

PROBETA ) 0 %&$( Tn(&7n % ro!-r$@ *c,2

Con F&'r$@ Sc!or E@ :26 21

Con F&'r$@ Sc!or E@ :2: 223

S&n F&'r$@ Sc!or E@ :31 233

S&n F&'r$@ Sc!or E@ :32 236

RESISTENCIA A CO+PRESI5N

PROBETA ) 2< %&$( Tn(&7n % ro!-r$@ *c,2

Con F&'r$@ Sc!or E@ 6:0 200

Con F&'r$@ Sc!or E@ 6:< 2096 PSI?6

26 Concreto 'toco"+'ct')le&6 Se +e(e (e0#n#r co"o ':el !or"#$%n :e e&c'+'< (e 0l#r en el #nter#or (el enco0r'(o- rellen4n(olo (e 0or"' n'tr'l-+'&'n(o entre l'& )'rr'& (e 'r"'(r' con&ol#(4n(o&e n#c'"ente )'5o l''cc#%n (e & +ro+#o +e&o 6

3. Concreto rec#cl')le. Ret#l#


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86 De&te&'(o6 E& l' o+er'c#%n "e(#'nte l' c'l &e tr'n&"#te el e&0er+H? (el concreto6 L' 'lt''lc'l#n#('( e& nece&'r#' +'r' l' +rotecc#%n (e l' 'r"'(r' contr' l' corro%n


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ANE.OS

EE+PLO DE APLICACI5N

P$r$ concr!o l$'or$%o con ,#cl$%or$ % o'r$.L' 0or"' (e tr')'5o- e& '$re$'r l' 0#)r' (e 'cero- 'l "o"ento (e re'l#


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Se rec'lc'- :e e&to e& n e5e"+lo6 7&te( +e(e &'r el "#&"o +roce(#"#ento)'&'(o en && +ro+#'& +ro+orc#one&6

P$r$ l c$(o % concr!oPr,#cl$%o.

A l' lle$'(' (el c'"#%n "er-*o


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NOR+ATIVA PERUANA


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FOTOGRAFIAS DE OBRA

En&'o (e Co"+re%n en O)r'

E:#+o (e Co"+re%n


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Se e&t4 re'l#


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N#el'c#%n (e l' lo&'


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BIBLIOGRAFIA

Bl'nco Al're< An' &%rabilidad del Hormig*n conFibras de 7cero

Te& (e l' 7n#er('( Per'n' (eC#enc#'& A+l#c'('&6 >2?6

M4r"ol S'l'


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ACI >A"er#c'n Concrete In&t#tte?6 &esign considerations for steelfiber Re+orte( ) Co""#ttee 96 Detro#t- MI= reinforced concrete 7C++.+//.A"er#c'n Concrete In&t#tte6 >188?6

ACI >A"er#c'n Concrete )tateoft=e reCo""#ttee 96 Detro#t- MI= reinforced

Concrete In&t#tte6 >1;?6 concrete 7C ++.1-

N''& C'rro Ale5'n(ro Com"ortamiento deosas Ro5'& 're< o&e 7"o;adas en el)%elo In$en#er,' 2= ;8-ISSN=121 eforzado conFibras

>21?6 ?etlicas

Be'ert- Lt(6- >211?6 Concrete reinforcement "rod%cts! tt+ = 6) e 'e r t 6c o " e n P ro( ct2C 't'lo $ P ro( ct& D D r '"#/20or2

c on c r e te 2r e # n0or c e "e n t 6' & +/ _ In ( & tr

SIKA Concreto eforzado conFibras

S#' In0or"'c#one& T*cn#c'& >211?
http://www.bekaert.com/en/Product%20Catalog/Products/D/Dramix%20for20%25concrete%20reinforcement.aspx?Industryhttp://www.bekaert.com/en/Product%20Catalog/Products/D/Dramix%20for20%25concrete%20reinforcement.aspx?Industryhttp://www.bekaert.com/en/Product%20Catalog/Products/D/Dramix%20for20%25concrete%20reinforcement.aspx?Industryhttp://www.bekaert.com/en/Product%20Catalog/Products/D/Dramix%20for20%25concrete%20reinforcement.aspx?Industryhttp://www.bekaert.com/en/Product%20Catalog/Products/D/Dramix%20for20%25concrete%20reinforcement.aspx?Industryhttp://www.bekaert.com/en/Product%20Catalog/Products/D/Dramix%20for20%25concrete%20reinforcement.aspx?Industryhttp://www.bekaert.com/en/Product%20Catalog/Products/D/Dramix%20for20%25concrete%20reinforcement.aspx?Industryhttp://www.bekaert.com/en/Product%20Catalog/Products/D/Dramix%20for20%25concrete%20reinforcement.aspx?Industryhttp://www.bekaert.com/en/Product%20Catalog/Products/D/Dramix%20for20%25concrete%20reinforcement.aspx?Industryhttp://www.bekaert.com/en/Product%20Catalog/Products/D/Dramix%20for20%25concrete%20reinforcement.aspx?Industryhttp://www.bekaert.com/en/Product%20Catalog/Products/D/Dramix%20for20%25concrete%20reinforcement.aspx?Industryhttp://www.bekaert.com/en/Product%20Catalog/Products/D/Dramix%20for20%25concrete%20reinforcement.aspx?Industryhttp://www.bekaert.com/en/Product%20Catalog/Products/D/Dramix%20for20%25concrete%20reinforcement.aspx?Industryhttp://www.bekaert.com/en/Product%20Catalog/Products/D/Dramix%20for20%25concrete%20reinforcement.aspx?Industryhttp://www.bekaert.com/en/Product%20Catalog/Products/D/Dramix%20for20%25concrete%20reinforcement.aspx?Industry


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