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  • PRINCIPIOS DE CONSTRUCCIN

    JAIME FERRI CORTSVICENTE RAL PREZ SNCHEZ

    ENCARNACIN GARCA GONZLEZ

    Colaboradora:ASUNCIN LPEZ PERAL

  • Principios de construccin

    Jaime Ferri Corts Vicente Ral Prez Snchez Encarnacin Garca Gonzlez Asuncin Lpez Peral

    ISBN: 9788499482613Depsito legal: A8222010

    Edita: Editorial Club Universitario. Telf.: 96 567 61 33C/ Decano, 4 03690 San Vicente (Alicante)[email protected]

    Printed in SpainImprime: Imprenta Gamma. Telf.: 965 67 19 87C/ Cottolengo, 25 03690 San Vicente (Alicante)[email protected]

    Reservados todos los derechos. Ni la totalidad ni parte de este libro puede reproducirse o transmitirse por ningn procedimiento electrnico o mecnico, incluyendo fotocopia, grabacin magntica o cualquier almacenamiento de informacin o sistema de reproduccin, sin permiso previo y por escrito de los titulares del Copyright.

  • NDICE

    I CONCEPTOS GENERALES DE CONSTRUCCIN ..........................................................................................................170 INTRODUCCIN ................................................................................................................................................................171 CONSTRUIR .......................................................................................................................................................................17

    1.1 Construccin ...............................................................................................................................................................172 ALBAILERA ....................................................................................................................................................................173 EDIFICACIN.....................................................................................................................................................................174 CLASIFICACIN DE LOS EDIFICIOS ............................................................................................................................18

    4.1 Segn su poca ............................................................................................................................................................184.1.1 Edificacin tradicional .......................................................................................................................................184.1.2 Edificacin actual ..............................................................................................................................................18

    4.2 Segn su uso ...............................................................................................................................................................184.2.1 Edificacin arquitectnica .................................................................................................................................184.2.2 Edificacin industrial .........................................................................................................................................194.2.3 Edificacin tcnica .............................................................................................................................................19

    5 PARTES FUNDAMENTALES DE LOS EDIFICIOS .........................................................................................................195.1 Cimentacin ...............................................................................................................................................................215.2 Estructura ....................................................................................................................................................................215.3 Cubierta .......................................................................................................................................................................215.4 Cerramientos ...............................................................................................................................................................215.5 Divisiones ...................................................................................................................................................................215.6 Revestimientos ............................................................................................................................................................215.7 Instalaciones ................................................................................................................................................................215.8 Elementos auxiliares ...................................................................................................................................................215.9 Escaleras .....................................................................................................................................................................225.10 Elementos para el mantenimiento .............................................................................................................................22

    6 FBRICA .............................................................................................................................................................................227 EL MURO ............................................................................................................................................................................228 PARTES DE UN MURO ......................................................................................................................................................249 ESFUERZOS ........................................................................................................................................................................26

    9.1 Compresin .................................................................................................................................................................269.2 Traccin .......................................................................................................................................................................279.3 Flexin recta ................................................................................................................................................................27

    II LA CONSTRUCCIN PRIMITIVA ......................................................................................................................................290 INTRODUCCIN ................................................................................................................................................................291 CLASIFICACIN ................................................................................................................................................................292 LAS PRIMERAS CONSTRUCCIONES: CONSTRUCCIONES NEGATIVAS ................................................................29

    2.1 Cueva o Caverna .........................................................................................................................................................292.2 Tipos de cuevas ...........................................................................................................................................................30

  • 2.2.1 Cueva Natural ....................................................................................................................................................302.2.2 Cueva natural modificada ..................................................................................................................................302.2.3 Cueva artificial ...................................................................................................................................................31

    3 CONSTRUCCIN POSITIVA ............................................................................................................................................373.1 Caas ...........................................................................................................................................................................373.2 Madera ........................................................................................................................................................................373.3 Tierra ...........................................................................................................................................................................393.4 Piedra ..........................................................................................................................................................................40

    4 CONSTRUCCIONES MEGALTICAS ..............................................................................................................................404.1 Menhir .........................................................................................................................................................................404.2 Alineamientos .............................................................................................................................................................414.3 Crmlech .....................................................................................................................................................................414.4 Taula ............................................................................................................................................................................424.5 Dolmen .......................................................................