Preterite Vs. Imperfect Pretérito Hablar Yo Hablé = I talked Tú Hablaste Él Habló Nosotros...
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Transcript of Preterite Vs. Imperfect Pretérito Hablar Yo Hablé = I talked Tú Hablaste Él Habló Nosotros...
Preterite Vs. Imperfect
Pretérito
Hablar
Yo Hablé = I talked Tú Hablaste Él Habló Nosotros Hablamos Ellos Hablaron
Comer
Yo Comí = I ate Tú Comiste Él Comió Nosotors Comimos Ellos Comieron
Imperfecto
Hablar
Hablaba = I was talking/I used to talk
Hablabas Hablaba Hablábamos Hablaban
Comer
Comía = I was eating/I used to eat
Comías Comía Comíamos Comían
Two Forms of Past Tense
Pretérito
Simple past ED X Yo caminé. I walked.
Imperfecto
Past Progressive was/were + ing Yo caminaba. I was walking.
Used to Would always Sometimes ED
How do you say in Spanish…?
I used to write. / I was writing (escribir)
Escribía
I used to teach. / I was teaching. (enseñar)
Enseñaba
Try these…
They used to eat. / They were eating. (comer)
Comían
We used to watch. / We were watching. (mirar)
Mirábamos
Pasado
Pretérito:
1. Acciones acabadas. -Happened once or a specific,
limited number of times.
-ED watched
Ejemplo: -Fui a México el año pasado.
-Te llamé dos veces.
Imperfecto:
1. Acciones habituales. -Happened often,
habitually, countless times.
USED TO used to watch Ejemplo: -Iba a Nueva York todos
los veranos. -Te llamaba todos los días.
Preterite or Imperfect? Why?
I used to write all of my essays in pencil.
Imperfect Because it’s habitual.
You can’t count how many papers you wrote.
I typed my paper three times last night.
Preterite Because it happened a
specific number of times. It is a completed action.
Pasado
Pretérito
2. Specific time limits set. Ejemplos: La película empezó a las 9:00 y
terminó a las 11:00. X X
9:00 11:00 ahora
Ellos vivieron en España por seis años.
XXXXXX 2001 2006 ahora
Imperfecto
2. No specific time limits. Ejemplos: Cuando era niño, siempre miraba
“Dora la Exploradora.”
? ? ? ? ahora
Mi familia vivía en Lawrence.
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ahora
P or I? Why?
I ate from 6:30-7:00 last night.
Preterite Because it has a
specific time frame, a specific beginning and ending.
We were eating.
Imperfect Because it has no
specific time limits and is very general.
P or I? Why?
They lived in the Dominican Republic from 2010-2012.
Preterite Because there is a
specific time frame.
We were living in Brazil.
Imperfect Because there is no
specific time frame. It is general and vague.
Preterite vs. Imperfect
Pretérito
3. Main events. -List of actions in a story. -Completed actions
important to plot. Ejemplos:
El ladrón robó tres mil dólares.
Salió del banco. Chocó el carro. Llegó la policía.
Imperfecto
3. Background info. -Details like…
Time Weather Age Physical appearance Actions in progress -Descriptions of setting and
characters. Ejemplos:
Era alto y tenía 35 años de edad. Eran las 3:00 de la madrugada y llovía. Los testigos miraban todo.
P or I and why?
He was 16 years old.
Imperfect Because it is a
description of age.
The sky was dark and stormy.
Imperfect Because it is a
description of the weather.
Pretérito
4. A change in feelings (or mental condition).
Ejemplos: -Ayer cuando leí una
noticia desagradable, me sentí mal y me puse muy nerviosa.
-En ese momento, no tuve miedo.
Imperfecto
4. A description of feelings (or mental/emotional condition).
Ejemplos: -Ayer tenía un dolor de
cabeza y estaba cansada.
-Tenía mucho miedo.
P or I and why?
I got so scared during lockdown.
Preterite Because you have a
definite change in your emotions caused by the lockdown.
I had a headache all day.
Imperfect This is a description of
your physical state. You did not get a headache for a specific reason.
Three Irregular Verbs
Ir = To go
Iba Ibas Iba Íbamos Iban
Three Irregular Verbs…
Ver = To see
Veía Veías Veía Veíamos Veían
Three Irregular Verbs…
Ser = To be
Era Eras Era Éramos Eran
What happens if there are two verbs in one sentence?
Will the verbs be preterite, imperfect or both?
It all depends… Let’s start with:
A. 2 acciones acabadas So, if we have two completed actions, they
are both… X X P P Leí el periódico y salí.
Más de I verbo en una oración…
What happens if we have two simultaneous actions in progress?
Correct! Both would be imperfect.
B. 2 acciones que estaban pasando a la vez.
I I Yo leía mientras tú estudiabas.
Preterite vs. Imperfect
What happens if we have one action that interrupts another action?
The action that gets interrupted is… Imperfect The action that interrupts is… Preterite
C. Una acción que interrumpió otra acción. X I P Estudiaba cuando me llamaste.
Preterite vs. Imperfect
Was playing = Imperfect Because it was an action that got interrupted. It was in progress and not completed.
Fell = Preterite Because it interrupted mysoccer game.
I was playing soccer when I fell.
C. Background information to an action that occurred.
X ahora Era invierno cuando fui a Chile por
primera vez. Había neblina y la visibilidad era muy
mala cuando chocó el carro.
Pretérito e Imperfecto
Was = Imperfect Because it is a description of the setting.
Occurred = Preterite Beccause it is a specific, completed action.
It was October when the accident occurred.
I was feeling fine until she made that rude remark.
Was feeling = Imperfect Because it describes a pre-existing condition.
Made = Preterite Because it is an action that occurred.
I was feeling fine until she made that rude remark.
What if we have an action preceded by background information?
The background information would be… Imperfect And the action would be… Preterite
D. Información de trasfondo/situaciones y acciones. X I P Él era estudiante cuando me conoció.
Preterite vs. Imperfect
Can you guess whether the following examples are in the preterite or imperfect tense?
A. Comí un sándwich a las 3:00 de la tarde ayer. I ate a sandwich at 3:00 yesterday afternoon.
İMuy bien! This is the preterite tense! Can you tell why? İBuen trabajo! It is a completed action. How else can we tell that it is preterite? İCorrecto! It happened at a specific time.
Preterite vs. Imperfect
Let’s try another one. Would the verb in purple be preterite or imperfect?
B. Comía cuando sonó el teléfono. I was eating when the phone rang.
İExcelente! The first verb is imperfect. Why? Ask yourself what happened to eating your watermelon when the
phone rang. İAsí es! You put down the watermelon, and your eating got
interrupted. How else do we know that the verb is imperfect? İBien! It was an action in progress.
Preterite vs. Imperfect
How about the purple verb in the next sentence?
C. Cuando era niña, siempre comía Cheerios.
When I was a kid, I always used to eat Cheerios.
İTremendo! Now can you tell me why it’s imperfect?
Right! We have no way of counting the number of bowls of Cheerios that I ate. It is a habitual action.
Preterite vs. Imperfect
I ate breakfast at 7:30. Desayuné a las 7:30. (P)
I was reading the paper before I ate. Leía el periódico antes de comer. (I)
Before, I used to always watch TV. Antes siempre miraba la televisión. (I)
I would always be late for work, though. Pero siempre llegaba tarde a mi trabajo. (I) =Preterite (Simple past actions.) =imperfect (almost everything else.)
Name That Tense: P or I?
Trying to decide when to use the Preterite and when to use the Imperfect is one of the challenges of learning these two tenses. We generalize and say that the Imperfect is used to describe a
scene and the Preterite is used to list series of completed actions. It can be a little more complex, especially with verbs that change meaning depending on the tense.
When you “set a scene” describing what your house or dog used to look like and what your family was like, or if you are describing what people were doing or used to do, or what it was like when you arrived at the party last night, use the Imperfect.
The stories that occur within these settings happen in the Preterite!
Preterite Vs. Imperfect
Eran las nueve de la noche. Era viernes. Hacía mal tiempo. Llovía. Todos estábamos en casa. Mamá y Papá miraban la televisión; yo leía una novela de StarTrek; mi hermana hablaba por teléfono con su novio en su cuarto. Esnupi (nuestro perro) dormía detrás del sillón en la sala.
Preterite vs. Imperfect
It was 9:00 at night. It was Friday. It was bad weather. We were all at home. Mom and Dad were watching television; I was reading a Star Trek novel; my sister was talking on the phone with her boyfriend in her room. Esnupi (our dog) was sleeping behind the armchair in the living room.
Can you guess the tense of each of these verbs? How do you know they are all imperfect?
De repente, ¡Entró un ladrón! Pasó por la escalera y caminó hasta la recámara de mis padres. Miró en el cuarto cuando oyó la voz de mi hermana. Se volvió y bajó las escaleras. Trató de huir de la casa, pero Esnupi se despertó y mordió la pierna del ladrón.
Suddenly, a robber entered! He went upstairs and walked to my parent’s bedroom. He looked in the room but then he heard my sister’s voice. He turned and went down the stairs. He tried to flee the house, but Esnupi woke up and bit the robber’s leg.
All of these verbs are in the same tense. Can you guess what it is?
Correct! Why are they all preterite? http://www.drlemon.net/Gremmar/pretvsimp.html
Now Let’s Talk About the Completed Action
Some examples, please!hablar cantar
hablaba cantabahablabas cantabashablaba cantabahablábamos
cantábamoshablaban cantaban
Easy, huh? Just add the –s to make the the tú form,-mos for nosotros, and –n for ellos/ellas.
Don’t forget the accent on the nosotros form!
How about for –ER & -IR?
comer vivircomía vivíacomías vivíascomía vivíacomíamos vivíamoscomían vivían
Same way… just add the –s to make the the tú form,-mos for nosotros, and –n for ellos/ellas.
Don’t forget the accent on the all the forms!
AL WEPT
A: age, attitude, appearance
Cuando yo tenía 15 años…
…no me gustaba comer zanahorias.
De niña, Marta era muy alta.
AL WEPT
L: location La chica acampaba en
el bosque. Estaba allí dos semanas.
AL WEPT
WE: weather Hacía muy mal tiempo
durante mis vacaciones.
AL WEPT P: physical attributes Mi padre era muy alto y
mi madre era muy baja.
AL WEPT
T: time Eran las 4:00 y todos
teníamos mucha hambre.