PAKISTAN FOREIGN POLICY

Presented by : AMNA SALEEM

AMNA SALEEMFAIZA ARSHADFAZEEL AHMADFAWAD AHSANUMER RAFIQUE

MUHAMMAD UMAR

GROUP MEMBERS

IN THIS PRESENTATION WE WILL DISCUSSWhat is Foreign Policy?

Principles of Pakistan’s Foreign Policy

Objectives of Pakistan’s Foreign Policy

Determinants of Pakistan’s Foreign Policy

Pakistan’s relations with other Countries

Relation between Pakistan and India

Kashmir dispute

WHAT IS FOREIGN POLICY?

“The foreign policy is establishment and development of relations with other countries in order to protect the national interests by taking appropriate steps at international level.”

Foreign policy dictates how a country will act with respect to other countries politically, socially, economically, and militarily, and to a somewhat lesser extent, how it behaves towards non-state actors.

DESCRIPTION OF FOREIGN POLICY

PRINCIPLES OF FOREIGN POLICY

Peaceful coexistence

Non Alignment

United Nations Charter

De – weaponisation

Elimination of Racial discrimination

Establishment of Peace

International and regional co-operation

OBJECTIVESOF FOREIGN POLICY: Protection of

independence , sovereignty terrestrial integrity of Pakistan.

Relation with all states.

Economic issues , trade investment.

Solidarity with the developing states.

Anti colonialism, right of self determination.

Control of terrorism .

Its not possible to safeguard the country’s interest unless necessary policies and strategies are to be formed, which is the result of adopting firm and practical foreign policy.

To attain honor and security of one state and its political stability from other state’s.

Through which a country can become friends from one country and the vise versa, by dealing with diplomatically to attain state’s protection

IMPORTANCE OF FOREIGN POLICY

ELEMENTS AFFECTING FOREIGN POLICY While making foreign policy

the state has to take note of the international law, treaties and contracts.

While formulating its foreign policy a country has to take note of the reaction of other states to its various actions.

Alliances concluded by various states also greatly influence the foreign policy.

The world public opinion also influences the state’s foreign policy.

DETERMINANTS OF FOREIGN POLICY Historical Influence

Size and Geography

Natural Resources

Industrial Development

Economic Development

Military Power

Population

Good governance

Role of media

PAKISTAN GEOGRAPHICAL RELATION WITH OTHER COUNTRIES

Pakistan and Afghanistan are neighboring countries

Relations between these two started in 1947 after Pakistan’s Independence.

Pak-Afghan relations forced a lot of ups and down in the past. Mainly because of :

. Durand line . Different war issues . Taliban insurgency . Border skirmishes . Afghan Refugees

PAK AFGHAN RELATIONSHIP

PAK-USA supported War of Taliban against Russia in Afghanistan, in 80’s and in result Russia-India and Afghan intelligence activities in Pakistan seriously destroyed PAK-AFGHAN relations.

In July 2010 , MOU (Memorandum of Understanding) was signed by PAK-AFGHAN government for PAK-AFGHAN Transit Trade Agreement, which was observed by HILLARY CLINTON The US Secretory of State.

This agreement allows Afghan trucks to drive inside Pakistan to the Wagah border India including port cities of Karachi and Gawadar .

In November,2010 both countries formed joint chamber of commerce for the prosperity of trade and economy.

Pakistan being a big brother always tried to unite Muslims .

Pakistan has a great respect in Muslim world and is the only country which has nuclear power.

Pakistan supported Muslims cause and rights at international level, such as Kashmir and Palestine issues because of Palestine issue Pakistan still don't accept Israel as sovereign state.

Pakistan was very active in creating OIC ( Organization of Islamic Cooperation) the largest Muslim organization.

PAKISTAN AND THE MUSLIM WORLD

Pakistan , Iran and Turkey set up RCD (Regional Cooperation for development) in 1964 for building cultural, economical relations. RCD became inactive in 1979.

In 1985-86 Pakistan, Iran and Turkey decided to set up ECO (Economic co operation organization) having similar objectives to the RCD . In 1992 six other members were included to enhance relations.

RCD AND ECO:

Pakistan also have a good relation with others Muslim countries like Turkey, Indonesia, Malaysia etc.

Pakistan help egypt in wars against Israel. In 1986 Pakistan condemned USA round over Libya.

Turkey always support Pakistan recently turkey helped Pakistan for metro bus project.

Middle east countries especially Saudi Arabia , Iran, Qatar , UAE always support Pakistan.

Saudi Arabia is

providing crude oil to Pakistan.

UAE built different hospitals and Islamic center in some of Pakistani universities.

RELATIONS WITH MIDDLE EAST/GULF STATE

Qatar recently deal with Pakistan for LNG ( Liquefied Natural Gas).

Iran also looking forward for Pakistan-Iran gas pipeline project compilation.

Pak-China relation began in 1950 when Pakistan end diplomatic relation with China on Taiwan and recognize People Republic of China.

China has became Pakistan’s largest supplies of arms and its third largest trading partner.

Pakistan supported China on different disputed areas issues like Taiwan, Xinjiang and Tibet . Likewise China also supported Pakistan on Kashmir issue.

PAK-CHINA RELATIONSHIP

Since 1962 china has been providing a steady source of military equipment to the Pak Army ,helping establish munitions factories providing technological assistance and modernizing existing facilities.

Recently China has joined hands with Pakistan to develop JF-17 Thunder ,one of the best aircraft of modern era ,joint production of Hongdu JL-8, AL KHALID TANK and different submarines for Pak Navy.

Pak-China economic corridor is under construction and assumed to be completed before 2030.

It will connect Pakistan , China and Asian countries with highway connecting Kasghar to Khunjerab and Gawadar.

Pakistan and China committed to complete this project without hesitation , to prosper and strengthen their bilateral and economic relations.

Introduction

Partition of British India

Religious differences

Massacre of refugees

Kashmir dispute

WHAT WE WILL TALK ABOUT ?

Indus water treaty

1965 war

1971 war

Conclusion

Since 1947 Indo-Pak Relations have been under the shadows of suspicions, misunderstanding, disappointment, tensions and wars. Both states never succeeded to win the mutual trust of each other because of their unresolved disputes and lack of cooperation between them. But for this purpose, both countries have to overcome their short-sighted plans and they have to reconsider their policies towards each other.

INTRODUCTION

MAP BEFORE PARTITIONMAP AFTER PARTITION

The partition of British India was the partition of Indian sub-continent.

Partition was based on two religions, Islam and Hinduism.

British India was divided into two independent states, Union of India and Dominion of Pakistan

PARTITION OF BRITISH INDIA

The partition included the partition of East Pakistan (Bangladesh), West Pakistan and India in the middle.

The partition included the geographical division of the Bengal province into East Bengal (East Pakistan) and West Bengal became part of India.

Partition of the Punjab province became West Punjab (Pakistani Punjab) and East Punjab (Indian Punjab).

MASACRE OF REFUGEESAfter the partition of British India large

number of refugees moved from both countries ( India and Pakistan).

Refugees were killed from both sides.

Approximately 4 million Hindus Moved from Pakistan to India and 5-6 million Muslims moved from India to Pakistan.

The groups of Sikhs and Jathas killed a large number of Muslim refugees .

To take revenge Muslims also killed large number of Hindu refugees.

Muslims believes on one Allah and his Prophet.

Muslims sacrifice animals(Cows, Goats, Camels) for Allah after every year.

Muslims pray there prayers in mosque.

Music and dancing is forbidden in Islam.

ISLAM Hindus have

many Gods and they pray for their idles.

Hindus believe Animals (Monkeys, Cows, Elephants) as god.

Hindus pray in temples.

Hindus likes to Learn music and singing.

HINDUISM

RELIGIOUS DIFFERENCES

MUSLIMS

MOSQUE

HINDUS

TEMPLE

The treaty was signed in Karachi on September 19, 1960 by Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and President of Pakistan Mohammad Ayub Khan.

The Indus System of Rivers comprises three Western Rivers the Indus, the Jhelum and Chenab and three Eastern Rivers - the Sutlej, the Beas and the Ravi.

INDUS WATER TREATY

The treaty was that India would not interfere in flow of Indus water coming to Pakistan.

India constructed dams against the Indus treaty on River, Indus, Jhelum and Chenab.

India had constructed 41 dams In these rivers and 12 were under construction.

Kashmir dispute was the major issue. That have strained the relationship between India and Pakistan.

Its majority population was Muslims but its ruler, maharaja harisingh, was Hindu.

Ruler wanted Kashmir as an independent nation.

KASHMIR DISPUTE

Pakistani forces moved to India to dispatch Kashmir.

Maharaja was turned to India and asked it to send its troops to Kashmir.

India launched an operation and captured large area of Kashmir.

WAR OF1965This war was fought

to capture the state of Jammu and Kashmir.

India attacked on it captured some of the border post.

Pakistan with in a few days liberated a large area of occupied state.

India also attacked on Lahore from three sides on September 1965. Pak force moved to face the enemy. The attacked of the Indian army was stopped.

The war between both countries lasted for seventeen days (5th September to 23rd September).

CONCLUSION To improve the

relationship between India and Pakistan both countries have to;

1. Resolve the Kashmir issue.

2. Resolve the water treaty.

These issues are still not yet resolved

ANY QUESTIONS ?