Presentation 1 Inclusion Matters-PAHO

8/12/2019 Presentation 1 Inclusion Matters-PAHO

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S O C I A L D E V E L O P M E N T | T H E W O R L D B A N K | A S K S O C I A L @ W O R L D B A N K . O R G

Inclusion Matters

The Foundation for Shared

Prosperity

Maitreyi Bordia Das, Lead Social

Development Specialist, Social

Development


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The Report

o Interdisciplinary, multi-method analysis, building on previous work

o Defines social inclusion and provides a framework

o Explains who may be excluded and why

o Linked to the post-2015 conversations

o

Shows that social inclusion can be influenced

Inclusion Matters

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to ending extreme poverty because some groups are

over-represented among the extreme poor to creating shared prosperity because todays growth

can leave some people behind

to todays social churning, driven by changing

demographic, spatial, economic and political forces for itself and because exclusion is too costly


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S O C I A L D E V E L O P M E N T | T H E W O R L D B A N K | A S K S O C I A L @ W O R L D B A N K . O R G


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What is social inclusion?

The process of improving the terms for individualsand groups to take part in society

The process of improving the ability, opportunity

and dignityof people disadvantaged on the basis

of their identity to take part in society

Social inclusion is

o

Specific to time, place and identitieso Multidimensional

o Related to poverty and inequality, but goes beyond these

o Both an outcome and a process


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Demand for access to information Demand for new skills and quality

of education

Demand for greater accountability

Demand for functioning and fairjustice systems

Better public services andinfrastructure

Demand for social security andsafety nets

New aspirations and demands forvoice and decision-making

Vulnerability to crime, drugs,prostitution

Demand for infrastructure and

services Demand for protection againstvulnerability to disasters

Demand for legal standing,recognition, politicalrepresentation

Claim on public spaces andsafety

More and better jobs and skills

Demand for care services Demand for voice, representation

and dignity

Demand for equal access to jobs,credit, housing & fair treatment

Demographic

Youth

Elderly

Migrants

Women

Non-traditional families

Spatial

Slum residents

Indigenous peopleLeft-behind families

IDPs, refugees

Knowledge and

ICT

YouthPolitically active

People left-out ofinformationrevolution

Disabled

Economic

Poor

Middle class

Food insecure

People affected bycrises

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Why now?Because dramatic transformations are creating new demands and new opportunities

TRANSFORMATIONS AND TRANSITIONS


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Inclusion in What?Markets, Services and Spaces

Taking part

in society

Improving

the terms

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Identity drives exclusion, which is highly contextual

Ethnicity: Roma in Eastern Europe, Indigenous Peoples

Caste: in India and Nepal Race: people of African descent

Religion: Muslims in the post-9/11 world

Gender and age: women, older people, widows

Nationality and migrant status: refugees,

undocumented persons, unwelcome migrants

Disability

Sexual orientation

Social and economic status

Yet its the intersection of identities

that heaps the disadvantage

8Note: Illustrative example of types of identities. The size of each bubble denotes the importance ofan identity, which can vary across individuals, groups and even for the same individual over time.


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Measurement is challenging but possible and important

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o We need to know whether we are making progress, but the indicators

we choose reflect what we valueo Depends on context

o Subjective indicators are as important as objective ones

o Important to go beyond symptoms of exclusion to understand WHY

Some recent measures and dashboardshttp://www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org

http://www.ophi.org.uk

http://www.socialprogressimperative.org

http://www.indsocdev.org/

Secondary school completion in Bolivia

Source: World Bank 2013 (forthcoming) based on Minnesota Population Center, IPUMS database, 2011

and the Bolivian National Institute of Statistics, 2001.
http://www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org/http://www.ophi.org.uk/http://www.socialprogressimperative.org/http://www.indsocdev.org/http://www.indsocdev.org/http://www.socialprogressimperative.org/http://www.socialprogressimperative.org/http://www.ophi.org.uk/http://www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org/http://www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org/


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START BY ASKING WHY!

Why are some people left out of

health coverage?

Is there a systematic difference based

on identity?

Why have we lagged in some areas?

WHAT DOES SOCIAL INCLUSION HAVETO DO WITH UNIVERSAL HEALTHCOVERAGE?


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No female provider 1%

They do not trust facility 2%

Husband, family do not allow 5%

Facility not open 5%

Not customary 7%

Too costly 23%

Too far, no transport 17%

They dont think

it necessary 72%

Provide

vouchers,

grants

Improve

public &

private

transport

Hold providers

accountable for their

behavior in addition to

their technical

expertise

(One of the

reasons)(Most frequent reason)

Why?

Humiliation and

indignity

High

maternal

mortality

among tribal

women in

India

(One of the

reasons)

Why?

They dont deliver

babies in health

institutions

Source: World Bank team adapted from World Bank, 2011 based on

National Family and Health Survey 2005 in India.

Note: Percentages denote reasons for not delivering at health

institutions by respondents who delivered their babies at home. Multiple

responses were allowed.

Why?

mitigating measures

80% of tribal women

deliver their babies athome, versus 60% of

all Indian women

(2005).

Maternal health of tribal women in India


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CHANGE TOWARDS SOCIAL

INCLUSION IS POSSIBLE!


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Change is inevitable. It could be towards inclusion orexclusion

Policies, programs and activism play a crucial role

Change may well be political but thats not necessarilybad

Change needs multiple actors

We can influence change towards social inclusion

Main message

Policies for social inclusion dont

always do more. They do things

differently.


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Stylized steps to social inclusion

Diagnose'Ask

Why?'

DesignAction

MonitorProgress

Createavenues

forrecourse

andfeedback

loops


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Vouchers, grants, and culturally appropriate incentives

Education/awareness campaigns in local language and idiom

Register births and deaths

Involve the community in health surveillance

Tribal systems of knowledge

Links to other programs

Innovative use of private providers, including private transport

agencies, while regulating their quality

More female staff from tribal communities

Cultural competency training for service providers Hold providers accountable for their behavior as well as

technical skills

Incentives to providers to reside in remote areas

2. Design action


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Monitoring framework that can be accessed by tribal

people and community monitoring mechanisms

Third-party monitoring mechanisms

Social audits and hold public meetings

Conduct verbal autopsies Citizen report cards

Publicly disclose results of monitoring, including through

electronic channels

ICT to solicit anonymous feedback

3. Monitor progress


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Establish an empowered ombudsman-like institution

that enforces tribal rights

Empower tribal women through legislation and provide

them with legal assistance

Independent help-lines Local tribal health committees with access to district

administration

Empowered grievance redress committees

Systems to report back to communities on action taken

4. Create avenues for recourse and feedback loop

M t l d th b t


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Maternal deaths are a somber symptomDeeper institutional issues lie beneath

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o Alienation from traditional lands and forestso Low voice

o Efforts have been made to address these

o Legislation that gives tribal areas some measure of autonomy

o Special programs and special budgetary arrangements

o Quotas in jobs and education

o But implementation has been patchy

o Same institutional issues have prevented adequate progress

o Elites have taken better advantage of quotas even as seats remain vacant

due to lack of qualified candidates


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Final Reflections

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o Social inclusion is a long term agenda

o There can be long gestation periods before results are

seen

o One stroke of the pen changes are few incremental

changes are more common

o Change is often non-linear

o Policies may have unintended consequences

o Lasting change is built on inclusive settlements andinstitutions with appropriate incentives

o Social inclusion is usually work in progress new

challenges of inclusion may arise even as some are met


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NEXT STEPS


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Report was a promise of action

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Next steps

Knowledge sharing

Knowledge generation

Training and learning

Deepening partnerships


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Detailed review of projects approved betweenFY10-FY13

Methodology to assess social inclusion in projects

Identification of good practice examples

Interview with teams to understand what worked

in good practices

Plans to engage in greater depth in the portfolio of

a few countries so as to identify entry points fordeepening social inclusion

Operational Companion for the WBG

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ENGAGE!!! The Social Inclusion Online Campaign

Stay tuned with @DasMaitreyi

Social Inclusion websitehttp://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/socialdevelopm

ent/brief/social-inclusion #inclusionmatters campaign:

Blog series

Videos on the World Bank You Tube channel
http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/socialdevelopment/brief/social-inclusionhttp://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/socialdevelopment/brief/social-inclusionhttp://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/socialdevelopment/brief/social-inclusionhttp://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/socialdevelopment/brief/social-inclusionhttp://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/socialdevelopment/brief/social-inclusionhttp://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/socialdevelopment/brief/social-inclusionhttp://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/socialdevelopment/brief/social-inclusion


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Thank You

Presentation 1 Inclusion Matters-PAHO

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Transcript of Presentation 1 Inclusion Matters-PAHO