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ANTOLOGIA DE INGLES 2 SAETA

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PRESENTACIÓN

¡ El tren sigue su marcha, CONTINUAMOS ¡,

Efectivamente tu que ya decidiste subirte a este tren no te queda otra mas que

seguirle para adelante.

Como ya debes de saber el ingles es una lengua considerada como universal,

que actualmente se utiliza en casi todos los países del mundo porque determina la

comunicación en los ámbitos social, científico, tecnológico, económico, deportivo, etc.

Ante este fenómeno nuestro país no se excluye por el contrario la situación

geográfica nos provoca la imperiosa necesidad de incorporar a nuestros

conocimientos el idioma ingles; aunado a lo anterior debemos de reconocer que esta

modernidad científica y sobretodo tecnológica que las herramientas fundamentales

las representa precisamente el INGLES Y LA INFORMATICA.

Este momento tómalo como la oportunidad de tu vida para volverte a conectar

con el idioma ingles, quizás sea el espacio de reafirmación de tus conocimientos

previos, aceptando que el común denominador del estudiante de SAETA es la

voluntad y la afrontación de retos.

Dentro de ese orden de ideas nos encontramos ante una segunda oportunidad

con el idioma ingles acuérdate que para fortuna de mucho y por demanda social

contemporánea la materia de ingles se ha incrementado a 5 semestres. Y con este

material habremos de incursionar en el SEGUNDO NIVEL DE INGLES.

Para desarrollar el contenido programático de esta materia se ha tenido a bien

diseñar el presente material auto-instruccional que contiene una serie de actividades

clasificadas a través de diferentes NOCIONES GRAMATICALES, sugeridas para el

facilitador y el estudiante.


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Concibiendo a una secuencia didáctica como una forma de organizar las

actividades académicas. El presente documento contiene una serie actividades, a

manera de sugerencias, al no concebirse como un modelo rígido de planeación; en

las cuales el facilitador podrá, en comunión con el estudiante, diseñar las propias

actividades de aprendizaje e incluso definir los materiales de apoyo para el logro de

los objetivos. Acatando la característica de flexibilidad y la enorme capacidad de

adaptación a las condiciones nacionales, regionales y locales que presentan los

programas. Haciendo acopio de textos, videos, casetes, CD-ROMS, páginas WEB, y

a todos los medios a los cuales se tenga acceso para el enriquecimiento de las

mismas.

Para este curso de inglés consideramos como conceptos fundamentales

“Nuestro pasado” y “Nuestras experiencias”; planteados como conceptos subsidiarios

“Historia”: personal, familiar y local; además de “Vivencias”: individuales y grupales.

A partir de la lógica flexible y secuencial del programa, el alumno tras

reconocerse y describirse en varios aspectos, en este curso de inglés, estará en

contacto con su pasado como miembro de su familia, contexto, permitiéndole ampliar

los ámbitos de ese espacio en el que vive y convive como ser social.

Estos conceptos fundamentales y subsidiarios son una continuidad de lo

analizado en el inglés I y es base para el III, lo que facilitará al profesor y al alumno la

cantidad y la calidad de las interacciones con tales conceptos.

Descartamos la posibilidad de incluir otros conceptos, debido a que el

programa contempla un abordar en prospectiva en donde cada uno de los conceptos

fundamentales y subsidiarios tienen una función específica de embone.


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PROPOSITOS:

Los alumnos reafirman vocabulario y estructuras gramaticales que les

permiten compartir su pasado y experiencias personales en la lengua

extranjera dentro del salón de clase.

Utilizan su conocimiento creativamente para escuchar, hablar, leer y escribir

sobre su pasado y experiencias personales.

Usan expresiones contables, no contables, así como expresiones

cuantificables.


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INDICE

Estructura de la asignatura de Ingles II 5

ACTIVIDADES AUTOINSTRUCCIONALES PARA EL DESARROLLO DE LAS SECUENCIAS DIDACTICAS Noción Gramatical: Pronombres complementarios

6

Noción Gramatical:

Sustantivos Contables y No contables

12

Noción Gramatical:

How many, How much and A lot of

16

Noción Gramatical:

Some - Any

18

Noción Gramatical:

Plurales irregulares

19

Noción Gramatical:

Pasado Continuo

22

Noción Gramatical:

Presente Perfecto

26

Noción Gramatical:

Pasado del verbo “To Be”

33

Noción Gramatical:

Pasado Simple

37

Noción Gramatical:

Used to

45

Noción Gramatical:

Auxiliar could

48

Bibliografia 60


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Nuestro Pasado

Nuestras experiencias

HISTORIA

Personal

Familiar

Local

VIVENCIAS Individuales

Grupales

Inglés II

Antecedente Inglés I

NOCIONES GRAMATICALES

Estructura de la Asignatura de Inglés II


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ACTIVIDADES AUTOINSTRUCCIONALES PARA EL DESARROLLO DE LAS SECUENCIAS DIDACTICAS

NOCION GRAMATICAL: Pronombres complementarios (object pronouns).

Información antecedente:

SUBJECT PRONOUNS

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES

OBJECT PRONOUNS

I YOU HE

SHE IT

WE YOU THEY

MY YOUR

HIS HER ITS

OUR YOUR THEIR

ME YOU HIM HER

IT US

YOU THEM

ACTIVIDADES DE APRENDIZAJE: 1.- Completa la siguiente tabla con el dictado de pronombres así como adjetivos posesivos que te hará el asesor

1 2 3 4 5

6 7 8 9 10

11 12 13 14 15

2.- Ilumina los cuadros de acuerdo a la siguiente acotación: ROJO: Subject Pronouns. AZUL: Possesive Adjectives. VERDE: Object Pronouns 3.- El grupo se dividirá en dos equipos 4.- Usando las siguientes preguntas cuestiona al primer estudiante del equipo 1. El estudiante debe cambiar el adjetivo posesivo y sustantivo a pronombre posesivo. Si el estudiante contesta correctamente adquiere un punto para el equipo. Lógicamente gana el que mas puntos adquiera. (esta actividad puede

quedar en forma individual de tarea)


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WORKSHEET:

1.- I have your books? 2.- Is she your baby? 3.- Do you have my dictionary? 4.- That new car is their car? 5.- This is your jacket; it isn´t my jacket. 6.- This is my test paper. 7.- Did you bring his ID?. 8.- Those aren´t our tickets. We have our tickets. 9.- Did you see her project? 10.- My purse is leather; her purse is straw. 11.- Your car is nice, but our car is nicer. 12.- The winning science project is my project. 13.- I like your sweater better than my sweater. 14.- His experience was worse than her experience. 15.- May I borrow your pencil? I broke my pencil. 16.- Those brownies are their brownies. 17.- The books on the table are their books. 18.- I sold my computer. 19.- That cocker spaniel is our dog. 20.- Their shoes are outside.

5.- El maestro divide al grupo en dos equipos y pide que pase uno de cada equipo para hacerles algunas preguntas tales como: Is Jim in home?, a lo cual cada estudiante escribirá la respuesta que considere correcta en el pizarrón. Utilizando los pronombres correctamente. Ejemplos de preguntas:

Is your father retired?

Does Madonna live in Chicago?

Do you and your sister live together?

Are you and your family happy here?

Are all your relatives still in japan?

Is that your dog?


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6.- Use the worksheets. Complete them using the correct pronouns: WORKSHEET:

A GROUP OF FRIENDS I have a friend named John who is a student. John has two brothers. ___________older brother, Tad, now lives in San Francisco.____________is a beautiful city, as you know. I met______________(the two brothers) when ___________were all working at the mall after school. John and Tad´s younger brother, Paul lives in Austin Texas.______________is a swimming, single every night with_____________twin sister. The other girlfriend lives in an apartment with __________________pet dog _____________is a huge German sheperd. This dog likes to go camping with_______________, so______________take________ With them every chance_______________get._______________is pretty much a “people” dog. By that, I mean______________ doesn´t like to be left alone. Now that______________know a little bit about John,____________________two brothers, and_______________read on to find out more about____________.

NUISANCE. Once upon a time, there was a cat named Nuisance._____________lived with a wonderful woman named Lisa, but for some reason, ________________seemed to like every one but_________________. The harder Lisa tried to please_____________, the more Nuisance thought of things ___________could do to Anny____________. One day Lisa´s friend brought over a beautiful hanging plant._____________hung______________in___________bedroom window. Then the two friends went out to dinner. When____________returned__________found the plant on the floor. “What happened to ___________________?” asked_____________friend, but Lisa knew, and_____________ do too, don´t____________? That Nuisance. Another time,____________ran away and was gone for three months. Lisa asked the people in the apartment building to help search for______________all agreed to help, but no one found Nuisance. Just when________________had given up hope.____________turned up. Nuisance spent ______________whole life doing things like this to Lisa, but she always forgave.


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7.- In pairs complete the crossword:

1 2

3 4 5

6

7 8

9 10

11

12 13

ACROSS

DOWN

3. Third person plural object pronoun.

1. “Where do _______ live?”

6. That book belongs to us. It is________

2. Refers to my brother.

8. Subject pronoun that corresponds to me.

4. Goes along whit she,

9. Third person plural possessive pronoun.

5. If it belongs to me, it´s __________

11. Object pronoun that corresponds to I.

7. Subject pronoun that goes along whit her

12. If it belongs to you, it is

9. As a subject, refers to my brother and sister

10. Neutral pronoun

13. If we want something, we´ll ask you to give it to _________________


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8.- En pareja resuelve el siguiente cuestionario y sigue las instrucciones:

QUIZ WORD

1.- That book is__________

a) I Go to # 3 b) me Go to # 16 c) mine Go to # 8. d) my Go to # 4.

2.- My friends are thoughtful. ________always ask now I feel.

a) they Go to # 5 b) them Go to # 16 c) him Go to # 16. d) he Go to # 11.

3.- No. This is a subject pronoun . Try again 4.- No. This is a possessive adjective. Try again. 5.- Yes. Go to # 7. 6.- No. The subject is neither male nor female. Try again. 7.- John had a headache, so ____________ stayed home today.

a) I Go to # 18 b) they Go to # 10 c) her Go to # 16.

d) he Go to # 14. 8.- Yes. Go to # 2 9.- See that book? Please give _____________to me.

a) him Go to # 6 b) it Go to # 19 c) her Go to # 6.

d) them Go to # 10. 10.- No. The subject is singular. Try again. 11.- No. The verb does not agree. Try again.


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12.- Do. ____________ Know my name? a) he Go to # 11 b) you Go to # 23 c) I Go to # 21. d) she Go to # 11.

13.- No. This is an object pronoun, but it does not make any sense here. Try again 14.- Yes. Go to # 9 15.- Yes. Fruit is neither masculine nor femenine. Go to # 22. 16.- No. This is an object pronoun. Try again. 17.- YES! You really know your pronouns! You have finished the quiz correctly. 18.- No. This pronoun does not agree whit subject. Try again. 19.- Yes. Go to # 12. 20.- Eat fruit._______________ is good for you.

a) it Go to # 15 b) its Go to # 4 c) they Go to # 11.

d) he Go to # 6. 21.- Grammatically OK, but a strange question to ask. Try again. 22.- My sister asked to borrow my sweater, so I gave it to ____________.

a) it Go to # 13 b) her Go to # 17 c) she Go to # 3.

d) me Go to # 13. 23.- Yes. Go to # 20.


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NOCION GRAMATICAL:

SUSTANTIVOS CONTABLE Y NO CONTABLES (Count and non-count nouns).

EXPLANATION EXAMPLE

Count nouns are things that are separate (you can count them). They have a singular and plural form. The verb must agree with the subject.

An apple is on the table. Apples are delicious.

Non-count nouns are objects that you cannot count because they are seen as one thing. They always take a singular verb.

Bread is on the table. Bread is delicious.

Some common non-count nouns are foods and drinks. Bread rice yogurt soda cereal Margarine coffee water fruit salt Spaghetti sugar juice meat milk Butter gum

Other common non-count nouns: Money time paper music snow Fun hair homework mail news Furniture love

ACTIVIDADES DE APRENDIZAJE 1.- En las revistas que previamente llevaste al salón de clases recorta ejemplos de sustantivos contables y no contables mínimo 10 de cada uno (puedes trabajar en parejas o individualmente). 2.- En la cartulina traza una línea que la haga dividirse en dos bloques en cada uno de ellos pega los recortes indicando cuales son contables y no contables: Ejemplo:

Contables No contables


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3.- Compara tus trabajos y define los sustantivos CONTABLES y los NO CONTABLES. 4.- Subraya la respuesta mas apropiada:

EJEMPLO: Bread is made from flour/flours.

1. I need to buy three pizza/pizzas. 2. Do you want water/waters with your meal? 3. Gilberto is making soup/soups. 4. You are making sandwich/sandwiches for 20 people. 5. Silvia always eats tomato/tomatoes with her dinner. 6. We are tired of this food/foods. 7. I´ll have two baked potato/potatoes please. 8. Where are the cake mix/ cakes mixes? 9. Good nutrition/nutritions is important. 10. There are six food group/groups in the nutrition pyramid.

5.- Etiqueta cada palabra como COUNT o NON-COUNT:

Vegetables Sugar

Spaghetti Cookies

Onion Water

Jars Apple

Beef Drinks

donut potatoes

6.- Realiza el siguiente ejercicio compara las siguientes listas de compras de Vladimir y la de Elsa.

Vladimir’s Shopping

List

1 bag of cookies 1 carton of ice cream 1 bottle of chocolate syrup 1 loaf of bread 1 bottle of ketchup 3 pounds of tomatoes

Elsa’s Shopping List

1 jar of mayonnaise 10 pounds of potatoes 2 boxes of cereal 1 bag of potato chips 2 packages of cheese 2 gallons of milk


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7.- Escribe los sustantivos que encuentres de acuerdo a si es CONTABLE y NO CONTABLE.

Count (How many . . .) Non-count (How much . . .)

bag ice cream

cookies

carton

8.- Pregunta a un compañero de acuerdo a la lista anterior:

Example: How many bags of cookies does Vladimir need?

He needs two bags. How much ketchup does Vladimir need? He needs one bottle.

9.- Practica este dialogo en parejas:

A: What do we need at the store? B: We need two gallons of milk. A: What else do we need?


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10- Pregunta a un compañero acerca de su lista de mandado.

Shopping List

11.- Compara las respuestas de tu compañero con las tuyas y usa las formas de medidas y contenidos correctas.

Shopping List

tomatoes – 3 (pounds) jelly – 1

bread – 1 eggs – 2

milk – 1

lettuce – 2

ketchup – 1


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NOCION GRAMATICAL:

HOW MUCH / HOW MANY/ A LOT OF

ACTIVIDADES DE APRENDIZAJE:

1.- Completa con la forma correcta: EJEMPLO: How many cups of coffee do you drink?

1.- ______________fruit does she want? 2.- ______________milk does your daughter drink? 3.- ______________money do you spend on food? 4.- ______________vending machines are there? 5.-_______________time do we have to eat? 6.-_______________bottles of water does she need? 7.-_______________sandwiches do you make? 8.- _______________soup does she want?

2.- Complete las oraciones with A LOT OF, MANY or MUCH. En ocasiones mas de uno puede ser posible.

EJEMPLO: I don´t eat much a lot of sugar.

a) Sam eats_______________ sugar. b) Do you eat______________potato chips? c) How__________ eggs do you eat a week? d) How_____________milk do you drink? e) We don´t buy___________cakes. f) Do they drink __________water? g) The dogs eats___________ground beef? h) Does Lien eat__________apples? i) I eat ______________pancakes. j) We don´t need________________food.

EXPLANATION EXAMPLE Use HOW MUCH and HOW MANY to ask about amounts. Use much for non count and many for count nouns.

How much coffee do we have? How many cookies do we have?


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COUNT / NON COUNT NOUNS WITH UNITS OF MEASURE.

CONTAINER MEASUREMENT UNIT

Carton (s) of ice cream Bottle (s) of oil Jar (s) of pickles Box (es) of cereal. Bag (s) of flour. Can (s) of soup

Quart (s) of orange juice. Gallon (s) of milk Pound (s) of ham

Loaf (loaves) of bread. Piece (s) of cake.

3.- Indica la letra del mas apropiado CONTAINER, MEASUREMENT o UNIT.

EJEMPLO: Rosa is buying a ___B__of rice. 1.- I need two_____of bread a. gallon B. pound 2.- They have many______of cereal in this aisle. a. loaves b. quarts 3.- Shés buying four ______of soup. a. boxes b. pieces 4.- Tan needs a______of ground beef. a. bottles b. cans 5.- Mario is buying a_____vainilla ice cream. a. pound b. box 6.- Do you want a______ of cheesecake? a. loaf b. carton 7.- The dogs eats two _____of meat a week. a. piece b. jar 8.- We are buying one______of flour. a. gallons b. pounds 9.- The restaurant needs five______ of oil. a. bag b. cans 10.- They are buying two ______of pickles. a. loaves b. bottles 4.- Escribe las preguntas, usando las palabras y frases de cada columna: How much How many

English Did you pay this month?

Programs Are you willing to work each week? State tax Did you take when you broke your leg? Sick days Do we have before the meeting? Managerial experience Do we spend on office supplies every

year? Overtime Have you studied? Money Do you need before you get a promotion? Goggles Do you need for your co-workers? Time Can you run on this computer? EXAMPLE : How much english have you studied ?

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.


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NOCION GRAMATICAL :

SOME – ANY

COUNT (PLURAL NON-COUNT

AFFIRMATIVE I eat some vegetables every day.

I often eat some rice for dinner.

NEGATIVE I don´t eat any cookies I don´t eat any rice

QUESTION Do you have any cookies? Do you want some cookies?

Do you have any rice? Do you want some rice

In questions that are request or offers, use some

ACTIVIDADES DE APRENDIZAJE: 1.- Completa las oraciones con SOME or ANY.

EXAMPLE: I want some soup for dinner.

1) My sister wants________________ potatoes 2) Do you want ________________ salad? 3) Lien often eats ________________ bread with lunch. 4) Does she eat _________________ sweets? 5) We don´t eat __________________pizza. 6) The children want ______________ pancakes for breakfast. 7) He doesn´t have _______________ beef today. 8) The dog doesn´t drink ___________milk. 9) Tan is drinking ________________ tea with dinner. 10) Do you want __________________ cofee? 11) Do you have __________________ oranges? 12) We need _____________________ apples.

2.- Encierra en un círculo la oración correcta.

EXAMPLE: Silvia needs any bread from the supermaket ./ Silvia needs some bread from the supermaket.

1) She needs some green beans, too./ She needs any green beans, too. 2) She doesn´t need some carrots./ She doesn´t need any carrots. 3) Augustin wants any rice./ Augustin wants some rice. 4) He doesn´t buy any onions./ He doesn´t buy some onions. 5) They need some fish for the restaurant./ They need any fish for the restaurant.


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6) Augustin buys any beverages every week./ Augustin buys some beverages every week.

7) We don´t usually buy any ice cream./ We don´t usually buy some ice cream. 8) I don´t want some ice cream./ I don´t want some ice cream. 9) Do you want some ice cream now?/ Do you want any ice cream now? 10) We are buying some cans of soup./ We are buying any cans of soup.

NOCION GRAMATICAL:

PLURALES IRREGULARES Some plural nouns have spelling changes:

SINGULAR PLURAL RULES: If the word end in...

Dictionary Dictionaries Consonant + y; change to i and –es.

Dress Dresses Sh, ch, ss, x, or z: add –es.

Potato Potatoes Consonant + o: add –es.

life lives Fe or f change to v and add –es (exception: chiefs, chefs)

Some nouns have irregular singular and plural forms.

SINGULAR PLURAL EXPLANATION

Man Men

Woman Women Diferent word form

Child Children

Mouse Mice

Tooth Teeth

Foot Feet

Clothes shorts

No singular form

Jeans, slacks, pants

ACTIVIDADES DE APRENDIZAJE 1.- Completa los espacios en blanco con la forma correcta del plural de los sustantivos sugeridos.

EXAMPLE: (man) Those men are customers. A. (apple) I like________________. B. (check) My uncle doesn´t write__________________. C. (woman) The_______________like to shop. D. (dress) She doesn´t wear_________________. E. (sandwich) We buy_____________at the convenience store. F. (tax) The_________________are high in this town.


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G. (penny) I have four_____________. H. (wife) Are their______________at the supermarket. I. (Dish) Do you like the red_________?. J. (person) Some___________________pay cash all the time. K. (child) Those_____________need help with their homework. L. (pants) What color are your__________________? M. (Watch) Are those new ____________________? N. (lunch) We don´t buy our________________at school. O. (familiy) Some_______________drive used cars.

2.- Complete la siguiente tabla, trabaja en pareja (si es posible)

SINGULAR PLURAL SINGULAR PLURAL

City Boot

Key Tooth

Tomato Goose

Radio Sheep

Mouse Cactus

House Class

Man Shell

Pan Shelf

Fish Box

Wish Ox

Foot Hero

Mother Piano

Brother Auto

This Chief

Kiss Thief

That Louse

Hat Bat

Life Root

Line Ban

Fox Blouse

Lock Knife

3.- Compare sus tablas con otras parejas.


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CHANGING NOUNS

1.- Cambie los sustantivos subrayados a sus formas en plural si el caso se considera necesario.

A town mouse and a country mouse were friend, so the country mouse invited

his friend to his home in the field. The town mouse came, and they sat down to a

dinner of root and vegetable. The town mouse was not impressed by this dinner. He

said, “you live no better than the ant and other insect here. You must come and see

all the thing you can eat at my house”. The town mouse then took the country mouse

back to town with him. The town mouse showed the country mouse the kitchen full of

cookie, pastry, apple, roll and other food.

They were just about to eat when two child came running into the kitchen and

scared the two mouse away. They hid and waited for these kid to leave. They tried to

eat again, but this time they were scared away by a woman working in the kitchen.

Finally, the country mouse said, “You may have many luxury here, but I prefer my

home where I can have a simple dinner in peace.”

1

2 1

3 4 5

6

7 8

9 10 11 12

6 A

12

13 14

15

16


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1 9

2 10

3 11

4 12

5 13

6 14

6A 15

7 16

8

NOCION GRAMATICAL

PASADO CONTINUO EN FORMA AFIRMATIVA, NEGATIVA E INTERROGATIVA

ESTRUCTURAS GRAMATICALES

FORMA AFIRMATIVA

SUBJECT VERB BE VERB –ING COMPLEMENT

I was walking home

We Were Talking With

FORMA INTERROGATIVA

VERB BE SUBJECT VERB –ING COMPLEMENT

was she reading the classified ads?

Were they making dinner?

FORMA NEGATIVA

SUBJECT VERB BE + NOT VERB –ING COMPLEMENT

I Was NOT (wasn´t) walking home

We Were NOT (weren´t) Talking With


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The past continuos describes what was in progress at a specific moment in the past. Use the past continuos to describe a past scene.

EXAMPLE: Maryanne was talking with the landford. She was standing by the windows and pointing at the air conditioner.

ACTIVIDADES DE APRENDIZAJE: 1.- Ordena las palabras y forma las oraciones usando el PASADO CONTINUO en forma correcta . EXAMPLE: sleeping / was / she. She was sleeping.

1.- Bo – taking - shower – a – was

2.- eating – he – was – breakfast - ?

3.- room – the – was – Vu – painting - ?

4.- were - children – the – dinner – eating

5.- I – talking – on – was – the – phone - ?

6.- studying – were – we - not

7.- making – were – they – breakfast - ?

8.- I – painting – hanging – was – a

2.- Complete el párrafo. Use la forma de pasado continuo de los verbos del cuadro.

WALK EAT PAY SIT SLEEP ADD TALK LAUGH LOOK

WRITE

1.- Last night Maryanne an Vu______________in the living room. They_________________also____________about ther finances. Maryanne ______________________down all their experiences. Vu________________up the numbers. The children___________________in their rooms. 2.- I saw the Nguyens in the park yesterday. Vu and Maryanne_________________very slowly. They___________________at all the trees and flowers. Truyen____________________his bycicle. Bao ________________an ice cream cone. The girls____________________about something. They all looked very happy.


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MAKING SENTENCES

Long Action Short Action

while I was eating my car broke down

while I was sleeping a dog bit me

while I was changing my clothes the phone rang

while I was fixing my car the lights went out

while I was painting the house I dropped my glass

while I was cleaning the house my computer froze

while I was driving to work my friend stopped by

while I was cooking dinner I sang a song

while I was playing basketball I got sick

while I was washing my clothes the game ended

1.- Escoge una acción larga y una acción corta y construye 10 oraciones usando el PASADO CONTINUO 1. __________________________________________________________

2. __________________________________________________________

3. __________________________________________________________

4. __________________________________________________________

5. __________________________________________________________

6. __________________________________________________________

7. __________________________________________________________

8. __________________________________________________________

9. __________________________________________________________

10. __________________________________________________________


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2.- Completa las siguientes oraciones con la forma del verbo correcta.

1. I __________________ (cut) my arm while I __________________ (talk) to my mother. 2. While the little girl __________________ (listen) to the rain, she __________________ (fall) asleep. 3. It __________________ (start) to rain while they __________________ (study) English. 4. While the family __________________ (watch) a movie, the doorbell __________________ (ring). 5. While I __________________ (write) a letter to my sister, the doctor __________________ (call). 6. The tornado __________________ (hit) while the men __________________ (walk) to work. 7. While he __________________ (drink) some water, the door __________________ (open). 8. While the girl __________________ (ride) on the bus, she __________________ (hit) her head. 9. While the woman __________________ (put) on her make-up, she __________________ (hear) the crash. 10. The power __________________ (go) out while I __________________ (brush) my hair.


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NOCION GRAMATICAL:

PRESENTE PERFECTO EN FORMA AFIRMATIVA, NEGATIVA E INTERROGATIVA


FORMA AFIRMATIVA

SUBJECT HAVE VERB (PAST PARTICIPLE)

COMPLEMENT

I have finished My homework

Darla has visited Maria

FORMA INTERROGATIVA

HAVE SUBJECT VERB (PAST PARTICIPLE)

COMPLEMENT

Has she had A cold?

Have they visited Maria?

FORMA NEGATIVA

SUBJECT HAVE + NOT VERB (PAST PARTICIPLE)

COMPLEMENT

I have NOT (haven´t) walked home

She has NOT (hasn´t) talked with you

The present perfect describes situations that started in the past and continue into the present. The present perfect uses form of the verb have + a past participle. Some verbs have the same past tense form and past particple form.


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ACTIVIDADES DE APRENDIZAJE:

1.- Completa la lista con el PASADO PARTICIPIO. Coloca una S (same) a los verbos con las conjugaciones verbales igual en todos los tiempos, y una D (different) para los verbos con diferente forma:

S/D BASE FORM PAST TENSE

PAST PARTICIPLE

1 work Worked

2 See Saw

3 Have Had

4 Visit Visited

5 Be Was/were

6 Wait Waited

7 Leave Left

8 Take Took

9 Know Knew

10 eat ate

2.- Completa cada oración con la forma correcta del PASADO PARTICIPIO del

ejercicio 1.

EJEMPLO: How many pills have you TAKEN?

1. Has Ali__________________________the doctor yet? 2. Dr. Smith has_________________at this hospital for ten years. 3. She´s an old friend. I have___________her for fifteen years. 4. We have__________________sick all week. 5. Has Gloria________________long for the doctor to arrive? 6. Peter has_________________a cold since December. 7. Have you___________________your sister in the hospital? 8. Has she____________________any food today? 9. I´m sorry, but the doctor has___________________the hospital. 10. You have ______________________three inches this year.


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USOS DEL PRESENTE PERFECTO

EXPLICACION EJEMPLO

Una acción que continúa del pasado al presente.

He has worked here for ten years.

Una repetida acción del pasado que es completada en el presente

I have seen the doctor twice this month

Una acción del pasado que no menciona un momento especifico

They have lived in France

El presente perfecto tiene tres significados. Las contracciones ´s y ´ve pueden ser usadas en oraciones afirmativas. He´s worked here for ten years. They´ve lived in France. Las contracciones hasn´t and haven´t pueden ser usadas en oraciones negativas. I haven´t talked with Dr. Pelkins. He hasn´t examined me.

ACTIVIDADES DE APRENDIZAJE: 1.- Escribe una A, B, o C en las líneas para mostrar el significado del presente perfecto en cada oración.

A) PAST ACTION CONTINUING UP TO PRESENT. B) REPETEAD PAST ACTION. C) PAST ACTION WITHOUT SPECIFIC TIME.

EXAMPLE: ____A____Have you had this backache for a long time?

1 He´s studied dentistry

2 She´s been sick since August

3 How many colds have you had this year?

4 Has the doctor ever worked in China?

5 How many times have have you checked your blood pressure today?

6 My grandmother has had more than one stroke.

7 I have had a cavity once before

8 Have you gained weigth since you stopped smoking?


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2.- Ordena las palabras para construir oraciones con el presente perfecto. Use contracciones EXAMPLE: I / not feel / well all week I haven´t felt well all week.

1 She / not visit / me

2 He / take / all the medicine

3 They / not be / well

4 She / have / three colds

5 You / wait / more than an hour

6 We / see / another doctor

7 I / gain / five pounds / this week

8 He / not work / there in the past


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WORKSHEETS (CUT THE CARDS AND USE IN SHORT DIALOGUES)

What have you _______________ ( ea t ) this morning ?

Who have you ____________ ( speak ) to before class today ?

What have you ________________ ( forget ) to do ?

What have you _______________ ( think ) about doing after class ?

Where have you ______________ ( go ) shopping?

What have you ______________ ( give ) a friend ?

How much money have you_________ (lend ) a friend?

What have you ______________ ( send ) to your family recently ?

What habit have you _____________ ( quit ) ?

How often have you _____________ ( be ) to the movies this month ?

What have you _______________( tell ) a family member more than once?

What have you ______________ ( lose ) recently ?


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How often have you ______________ ( see ) your family since you came to this school?

Who have you ______________ ( tell ) a secret to more than once?

What have you __________________ ( drink ) more than once today?

What have you ______________ ( do ) more than once today?

How many essays have you _____________ ( write ) in writing class?

How many people from your country have you _____________( meet ) in this class?

How often have you _______________ ( buy ) a soft drink in the last week?

What have you ________________ ( begin ) to do since coming to the United States?

What is the longest you have _____________ ( sleep ) since coming to this school?

How much money have you _____________ ( spend ) on lunch this past month?

What have you _______________ ( break ) more than once?

How have you ______________ ( feel ) this week?

Who have you ______________ ( know ) Since you were a child?

Who have you ______________ ( sit ) next to in class more than once this week?


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PAIRWORK: Answer the questions in oral way, work in pairs.

1

What is something you have done more than once today?

2

What is something you have done more than five times in your life?

3

What is something you have never done, but would like to try?

4

What is something you have done only since coming to this school?

5

Who have you just spoken to?

6

What is something you had thought about the opposite sex before you talked to many of them?

7

Who is someone you wish you had seen before you left home to come here?

8

What is something you had already done before you entered high school?

9

Where had you traveled before you came to this school?

10

Where had you learned English before you came to this school?


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NOCION GRAMATICAL

PASADO DEL VERBO “To Be” EN FORMA AFIRMATIVA, NEGATIVA E INTERROGATIVA


FORMA AFIRMATIVA

SUBJECT BE COMPLEMENT

I was very happy

They were in that party

FORMA INTERROGATIVA

BE SUBJECT COMPLEMENT

was I very happy ?

were They in that part ?

FORMA NEGATIVA

SUBJECT BE + NOT COMPLEMENT

I Was not (wasn´t) very happy

They Were not (weren´t) in that party

Pronoun Be affirmative Be negative Complement

I / He / She / It

was

was not ( wasn´t )

her boss. here.

We / You / they

were

were not (weren´t)

cashiers.

The verb be is irregular in the past tense.

Add not after be to form the negative.


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Yes / no question Short answer

Was Houng a nurse in her country? Was it a good job? Were those actors famous? Were you nervous about the interview?

Yes, she was. No, she wasn´t. Yes, it was. No, it wasn´t. Yes, they were. No, they weren´t. Yes, we were. No, we weren´t.

1.-. Completa las oraciones con WAS or WERE EXAMPLE: My mother was_____ a homemaker.

1. I ________________ self – employed in my country.

2. _________________ he in the office yesterday?

3. The copy machine ________________ broken.

4. _________________ the bus boy busy?

5. _________________ you good students last semester?

6. _________________ the workers in the cafeteria?

7.

2. Kazuhiro esta preguntando a su amiga Isabella acerca de su último empleo. Escribe las preguntas de Kazuhiro y las respuestas de Isabella con el verbo To Be en pasado. EXAMPLE : Kazuhiro: ( be / you / happy / at your job ) _Were happy at your job__ 1. Kazuhiro : ( be / it / a full-time / job ) ____________________________________

2. Isabella : ( yes / it / be ) _____________________________________________

3. Kazuhiro : ( be / your co-workers / friendly ) ______________________________

4. Isabella : Yes. (my manager / be / nice / too ) ____________________________

5. Kazuhiro : ( be / the benefits / good ) ____________________________________

6. Isabella : ( yes / they / be / great )______________We had three weeks vacation.

7. Kazuhiro : ( be / the work / boring ) _____________________________________

8. Isabella : ( no, it / be [negative] ) _______________________________________

9. Kazuhiro : ( be / the office / far away ) _________________________________


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10. Isabella : ( no / it / be [negative] )_________________________I walked to work.

11. Kazuhiro : I want to work there! ( be / the salary / okay )___________________

12. Isabella : ( the salary / be / high )______________________________

but, sorry, the job is in brazil !

3.- Completa los espacios en blanco con alguna forma del verbo To Be en pasado (was, were or wasn´t, weren´t). A thief store a computer and printer from an office on Campus Saturday at 10:00. Sandy__________________in the parking lot across from the office, standing next to her car. She saw him for only a few minutes, but she_________________sure she could identify him. The police officers_________________happy to have a witness, but they _____________________sure how much Sandy saw from the parking lot. Sandy_____________________positive she could answer the detectives´questions. 4.- Completa los espacios para construir la pregunta correcta: 1.-______________you near the esl office at 10:00 on Saturday? 2.- Why _____________you on campus on a Saturday? 3.- ___________the office open when you arrived? 4.-____________you able to see anyone run out of the office? 5.- What____________in his hands? 6.- How tall__________he? 7.- What color _______his hair? 8.-__________his clothes old or new? 9.- _________ his clothes expensive? 10.- How old ____________he? 11.-___________he someone you knew?


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QUESTIONS WITH WAS or WERE

Yes/No questions Short answers

Were you tired last night? Yes I was. No I wasn´t

Was Kim late for work? Yes he was. No he wasn´t

Were they at the pharmacy? Yes they were. No they weren´t.

Wh- question

Answer

Where were you yesterday? I was in the park

How was she last night? She was very sick

When were we late? We were late on Tuesday.

ACTIVIDADES DE APRENDIZAJE: 1.- Lee cada oración. Primero escribe una pregunta con las palabras de los paréntesis. Luego escribe una respuesta corta. EJEMPLO: I was sick yesterday (you) Were you sick yesterday? (no) No I wasn´t. 1.- You were at the hospital (Tan) ___________________(yes) ____________ 2.- They were nervous. (we)________________________(no) ______________ 3.- Anya was tired all the time (you)________________________________ (yes) _________________. 4.- I was unconscious (Maria)________________________ (no) ___________ 5.- We were late for the appointment ( I ). _______________________________ (yes)__________________. 6.- Irina was very healthy________________________(no)_______________ 7.- Lien was with the doctor (the boys)_______________________________(yes) ________________. 8.- You were at the dentist (they)_____________________(no) _______________ 2.- Lee cada oración. Luego escribe una pregunta con palabras Wh- en el paréntesis. EJEMPLO: I was nervous yesterday (why) Why was I nervous yesterday? 1.- The children were in the park (when) ___________________________________ 2.- Sara was an optometrist (Where)______________________________________ 3.- We were healthy all the time (when)____________________________________


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4.- Mr Nakamura was a dentist (When)____________________________________ 5.- She was a famous doctor (who) ______________________________________ 6.- You were in the hospital (why) ________________________________________ 7.- The dog was sick (when)_____________________________________________ 8.- I was late for the exercise class (why)___________________________________ 9.- Mario was a new patient (where)_______________________________________ 10.- It was at the pharmacy (what)_________________________________________

NOCION GRAMATICAL:

PASADO SIMPLE EN FORMA AFIRMATIVA. NEGATIVA E INTERROGATIVA


FORMA AFIRMATIVA

SUBJECT VERB COMPLEMENT

I WALKED TWO MILES

THEY PLAYED FOOTBALL

FORMA NEGATIVA

SUBJECT AUXILIAR EN FORMA NEGATIVA

VERBO EN FORMA BASE

COMPLEMENT

I DIDN´T WALKED TWO MILES

THEY DIDN´T PLAYED FOOTBALL

FORMA INTERROGATIVA

AUXILIAR SUBJECT VERBO EN FORMA BASE

COMPLEMENT

DID YOU EXERCISE YESTERDAY?

DID HE HAVE AN EARACHE?


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The past tense form of regular verbs is the same for all persons. For most verbs ending in a consonant, add –ed: worked. If the base ends in a vowel, add –d: lived. If the base ends in a vowel + y, do not change the y: stayed. For one-syllable verb ending in a consonant + vowel + consonant, double the final consonant and add –ed: stopped.

RULE BASE PAST TENSE

To form the simple past tense of regular verbs add –ed to the bass form.

Work worked

Irregular spellings in the simple past tense:

If the base verb ends in e, add –d. Manage Managed

If the base verb ends in a consonant + y, change the y to i. Study Studied

If the base verb ends in a vowel + y, add –ed. Play Played

For one-syllable words, double the final consonant if the base ends in consonant-vowel-consonat. Exception: don´t double w or x

Stop show

Stopped showed

For two-syllable words that end in consonant-vowel-consonant, double the final consonant only if the last syllable is stressed

Prefer Preferred

If the last syllable is not stressed, do not double the final consonant

Happen happened

ACTIVIDADES DE APRENDIZAJE: 1.- Escribe la forma en pasado de los siguientes verbos regulares.

EJEMPLO: smoke smoked

Chef Move

Continue Need

Shop Stay

Look Exercise

Like Want

miss live


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2.- Completa cada oración con la forma pasado simple del verbo en el paréntesis.

EJEMPLO: (exercise) Last week, Alex exercised every day.

1.- (play) He also__________________tennis on Saturday. 2.- (want) His wife, Irina___________to play tennis on Saturday, too. 3.- (visit) On Sunday, she ____________her mother, Anya. 4.- (ask) The children___________to go to the miniature golf course on Sunday 5.- (stay) They______________until 5:00 . 6.- (walk) Last Saturday, I_______five miles with my sister. 7.- (need) We_______________to get some exercise. 8.- (lower) My sister ______________her blood presure by walking every day. 9.- (smoke) You ________a lot last year. 10.- (stop) But you _____last month. 3.- Escribe la forma en pasado de los siguientes verbos irregulares.

EJEMPLO: smoke smoked

Break Eat

Buy Find

Come Get

Do Go

Drink Pay

Say see

drive read


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4.- Completa cada oración con la forma en pasado del verbo. EJEMPLO: (break) I broke my arm last week.

1.- (drive) My brother _____________to the hospital.

2.- (wake) You _____________up at 7:00

3.- (go) You ______________to the doctor at noon.

4.- (buy) Your parents________you some aspirin.

5.- (come) They_____________to visit you.

6.- (do) Teresa _________some exercise.

7.- (eat) She ____________a healthy breakfast.

8.- (sleep) Dan__________eight hours last night.

9.- (take) He___________some vitamins.

10.- (get) I ____________sick yesterday.

11.- (say) my sister____________she was sick, too.

12.- (drink) We_______________a lot of orange juice.

5.- Cambia cada oración del presente simple al pasado simple.

EJEMPLO: I wake up at 6:00 am. I woke up at 6:00 am

1.- My brother hurts

2.- You drive me to the doctor at noon.

3.- The doctor says to take some medicine

4.- I get the medicine from the doctor.

5.- You read the directions

6.- I drink two teaspoons of the syrup.

7.- I sleep for ten hours.

8.- We eat a good breakfast.

9.- My friends come to see me.

10.- They buy new some flowers.


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NEGATIVE FORM OF SIMPLE PAST TENSE VERBS

AFFIRMATIVE FORM NEGATIVE FORM

I played soccer last weekend Sonia didn´t play soccer last weekend.

You slept late yesterday We didn´t sleep last yesterday

Marco was sick last week Trinh wasn´t sick last week.

They were very tired We weren´t very tired

To form negative statements in the past with be, use was not (wasn´t) and were not (weren´t). For all other verbs, regular or irregular, use did not (didn´t) + base form.

1.- REESCRIBE EN FORMA NEGATIVA LAS SIGUIENTES ORACIONES. EJEMPLO: Yesterday was a bad day. (Monday) Monday wasn´t bad day.

AFF I woke up late. (you)

NEG

AFF Rosa was sick (Amy)

NEG

AFF Toshio had a backache (Andre)

NEG

AFF You had headache ( I )

NEG

AFF Lara broke her arm (my aunt).

NEG

AFF The boy had a fever. (the girl)

NEG

AFF We were late for work (the doctors)

NEG

AFF Ali and Anna hended to see the doctor (we)

NEG

AFF My head hurt (my feet)

NEG

AFF I went to the hospital (Ali and Anna)

NEG


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2.- Elabora una pregunta con una oración negativa. EJEMPLO: Did you go to the dentisit yesterday? No I didn´t go to the dentist yesterday.

1.- Did Marie have a cold?

2.- Was she at the doctor´s office?

3.- Did you play soccer yesterday?

4.- Did you hurt your shoulder?

5.- Were the girls in school last week?

6.- Did they have the flu?

7.- Did Kenji drive to the hospital?

8.- Did he go with in the ambulance?

9.- Did I break my nose?

10.- Did we lower our blood presure?

QUESTIONS WITH SIMPLE PAST TENSE

YES / NO QUESTIONS ANSWERS

Did you exercise yesterday? Yes I did. No I didn´t

Did he have an earache? Yes he did. No he didnt

Did we buy any aspirin? Ýes we did. No we didn´t.

Wh- questions Answers

Where did you play soccer yesterday? I played soccer in the park

How did she get to the docotor´s office? She took the bus.

When did they have an appointment? They had an appointment.

1.- ORDENA LAS PALABRAS Y FORMA UNA ORACION INTERROGATIVA EJEMPLO: last year / did / when / see / the doctor / we When did we see the doctor last year? 1.- did / what / the doctor / say ________________________________________ 2.- pay / did / you / how______________________________________________ 3.- buy / Marina / where / did / the medicine______________________________ 4.- She / did / who / the pills / for / buy _________________________________ 5.- smoking / when / your parents / did / stop _______________________________ 6.- every / did / why / exercise / day / they __________________________________


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MATERIAL DE APOYO Y EJERCICIOS FINALES DEL PASADO SIMPLE. A. Study the charts.

Regular Simple Past = base + ed

Subject Past (base +ed)

Sentence

I, you, he, she, it, we, they

walked talked played called

He walked 4 miles every week. He talked to the doctor every year. He played soccer on the weekends. He called the doctor for an appointment.

Irregular Simple Past be Other Irregular Simple Past Verbs

Subject Past Sentence Base Past Base Past

I, he, she, it

was I was tired a lot. He was tired a lot. She was tired a lot. It was tired a lot. You were tired a lot. We were tired a lot. They were tired a lot.

do did ride rode

eat ate run ran

feel felt say said

you, we, they

were go went see saw

have had sleep slept

keep kept swim swam

make made take took

read read

write wrote

B. Fill in the blanks with the correct verb in the past tense.

1. They ________ (work) all day and only ________ (sleep) three hours a night. 2. Julio ________ (feel) bad so he ________ (call) the doctor. 3. The doctor ________ (say) to get rest. He also ________ (write) a prescription. 4. Tan ________ (be) strong because he ________ (exercise) a lot last year. 5. Maria ________ (go) to the gym every two days during the winter months. 6. Ana and Gilberto ________ (ride) bicycles every day this last summer. 7. I ________ (read) that it is good to eat three balanced meals a week. 8. We ________ (be) surprised that she ________ (have) a heart attack. 9. She ________ (run) every morning and ________ (rest) every afternoon. 10. The doctor ________ (talk) to her about her health.

C. Write sentences about the exercise you did last year.


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D. Study Fernando’s health goals.

Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

sleep 8 hours take a break eat well

sleep 8 hours go to the gym eat well walk to class

sleep 8 hours run two miles eat well walk to class

sleep 8 hours go to the gym eat well walk to class

sleep 8 hours ride 8 miles eat well walk to class

sleep 8 hours go to the gym eat well

sleep 8 hours run two miles eat well

E. Fernando was successful with his goals. Write what he did?.

Fernando slept eight hours every night.

F. Study Olga’s health goals.

Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

rest make a healthy dinner

swim keep a log work outside

take a walk keep a log





G. Olga was successful with her goals. Write what she did.

Olga rested on Sunday.


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NOCION GRAMATICAL:

USED TO EN FORMA AFIRMATIVA NEGATIVA E INTERROGATIVA

Why do we use -ing for a verb after be used to? Because we always use -ing for a verb after a preposition - and the to is a preposition.

Porque usar –ING para un verbo después de “Be used to”? Porque debemos usar ing para un verbo después de una preposición y to es una preposición.

Be used to

Be used to something Be used to doing Be used to is an expression. It is not a tense. If I say "I am used to Thailand", it is like saying "I am accustomed to Thailand." El “Be used to” es una expresion no es un tiempo. Si tu dices yo solia estar en Tailandia, quieres decir que tu acostumbras estar en Tailandia.

Structure of Be used to

The structure is: subject + be + used to + object

subject

main verb be not used to object

afirmativa I am used to horses.

negativa He is not used to horses. We aren't used to horses.

interrogativa Are you used to horses? Si el complemento utiliza un verbo debemos conjugarlo en ING: I am not used to being lied to. He is used to working late. We aren't used to taking the bus. Are you used to cooking?


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Use of Be used to

El uso de la expresión “Be used to” es para hablar de algo que es familiar para nosotros o fácil de realizar. For example:

I am used to driving on the left. It means that it is not a problem for me to drive on the left of the road. I am Japanese. In Japan, people drive on the left. Now I am living in the USA where people drive on the right. Of course, I drive on the right in the USA, but when I go to Japan it is easy for me to drive on the left because "I am used to it". Look at these examples.

I am used to hard work.

I am used to working hard.

He is not used to New York.

He isn't used to living in New York.

Are you used to fast food?

Are you used to eating quickly?

Tiempos

Podemos usar “be used to” en cualquier tiempo. Podemos conjugarlo en el tiempo que lo necesitemos. . Look at these examples:

When we lived in Bangkok, we were used to hot weather.

I have been used to snakes for a long time.

You will soon be used to living alone.

Used to do

Usamos “used to do” para hablar de algo del pasado. No es un tiempo. Aunque parezca tiempo. Es una expresion especial. Debemos usarla solo en el tiempo pasado

Structure of Used to do

The structure is:

FORM subject

Aux. did not

main verb use infinitive

Afirmativa I used to do. negativa I did not use to do. interrogativa Did you use to do?


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Used or use?

when there is did in the sentence, we say use to (without d)

when there is no did in the sentence, we say used to (with d)

Cuando existe DID en la oración, podemos usar sin D.

Cuando no hay DID en la oración, debemos usar con D

Use of Used to do

We use the used to do expression to talk about:

an activity that we did regularly in the past (like a habit)

a situation that was true in the past I used to smoke.

ACTIVIDADES DE APRENDIZAJE: 1.- Escribe un párrafo en ingles de algo que te sea familiar o algo que acostumbrabas a realizar en tu juventud o en tu infancia.


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NOCION GRAMATICAL:

AUXILIAR COULD EN FORMA AFIRMATIVA NEGATIVA E INTERROGATIVA

EXPLANATION EXAMPLE

Could and might show there is a chance that something will happen in the future.

You could have an accident You migth get hurt

Use ought to to give advice and to show there is one correct way to do something.

You look tired. You ought to go home. You ought to wear your seat belt all the time

Use have to to show that something is necessary

You have to lock the door when you leave

Use of Could:Past Possibility or Ability

We use could to talk about what was possible in the past, what we were able or free to do:

I could swim when I was 5 years old.

My grandmother could speak seven languages.

When we arrived home, we could not open the door. (...couldn't open the door.)

Could you understand what he was saying? We use could (positive) and couldn't (negative) for general ability in the past. But when we talk about one special occasion in the past, we use be able to (positive) and couldn't (negative). Look at these examples: Afirmativa My grandmother could speak Spanish. negativa My grandmother couldn't speak Spanish.


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could: Requests

We often use could in a question to ask somebody to do something. The use of could in this way is fairly polite (formal):

Could you tell me where the bank is, please?

Could you send me a catalogue, please?

Could is an auxiliary verb, a modal auxiliary verb. We use could to:

talk about past possibility or ability

make requests

Structure of Could

subject + could + main verb

The main verb is always the bare infinitive (infinitive without "to").

subject auxiliary verb main verb afirmativa My grandmother could swim.

negativa She could not

walk. couldn't

interrogativa Could your grandmother swim? 1. Coloca la letra que corresponda a cada situación.

a. to show there is a chance something will happen b. to give advice c. to show there is one correct way to do something d. to show that something is necessary

EXAMPLE : b__ You ought to take family leave when the baby is born. 1. Don´t smoke in the storeroom. It could start a fire.

2. You have to take shorter breaks.

3. The smaller boxes ought to go on top of the bigger boxes.

4. Everyone has to pay taxes.

5. You might get a raise if you work hard.

6. You ought to arrive on time if you don´t want to get in trouble

7. You have to wear shoes in the factory.

8. The manager ought to pay me $ 14 an hour. It´s in my contract.

9. They might open another office down the street.

10. You´ve worked hard. You ought to ask for a bonus.


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2. Selecciona cual de las dos situaciones es la más correcta: EXAMPLE : It´s good to have disability insurance. You ( have to / could ) get sick.

1. If you want my advice, you ( might / ought to ) take the new job.

2. All full-time employees ( could / have to ) work at least 35 hours a week.

3. I´m not sure, but I ( might / have to ) get a raise next month.

4. If you want to, you ( could / have to ) ask for a day off.

5. All part-time employees ( might / have to ) work less than 20 hours a week.

6. You ( might / ought to ) be nicer to the boss if you want a raise.

7. You ( might / have to ) get a raise if you´re nicer to her.

8. The U.S. government ( ought to / has to ) give everyone free health insurance.

Request Description

Would you mind making a copy for me? Polite and formal

Could you look over this report? Polite and less formal

Can you help me with this box? Polite and informal

Give me that ! Very informal, or impolite

Would you mind is followed by a gerund.

Can and could are followed by the base form.

Use polite and formal language when talking with a boss or manager.

Use polite or informal language when talking with coworkers.

Use very informal or impolite language in an emergency or to show anger.


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1. Etiqueta cada situación.

EXAMPLE: Can you answer that phone? Polite and informal_______

1 Would you mind reviewing my resume again?

2 Can you help me with these reports?

3 Call the boss right away?

4 Can you come in early tomorrow morning?

5 Would you mind changing your 2:00

appointment to 3:00?

6 Could you sign all three copies?

2. Completa las respuestas. Algunas respuestas pueden usar Can or Could.

EXAMPLE: ( lend me your goggles ) To a friend:

Hey, ellen . Can you lend me your goggles?____________

1.- ( sign this check ) To your supervisor:

Oh, Ms. Reeves._______________________________________________, please?

2.- ( open the door ) To a friend:

Say, Jose._____________________________________________________for me?

3.- ( help me pick them up ) To a stranger:

Oh no! I dropped all the reports.__________________________________________

4.- ( answer the phones ) To your co – worker:

Oh, Arnie.____________________________________________while I´m at lunch?

5.- ( open the door ) To a friend :

I´m in a hurry! ________________________________________________________

6.- ( check over this report ) To your manager:

I know you´re busy, Mr. Adams, but________________________________________

7.- ( sign these letters ) To yor company president:

Excuse me, Mrs, Camus.________________________________________________


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3. Escribe oraciones con COULD O MIGHT de acuerdo a cada situación. Example: Situation: The man is drinking coffee at his desk near his computer. The coffee might spill on his computer. or The coffee could spill on his computer. Situation: The woman is working with food, but her hair isn’t tied back. 1. _____________________________________________________________ Situation: The man is lifting heavy boxes without a back support belt. 2. _____________________________________________________________ Situation: The construction worker isn’t wearing a hard hat on the building site. 3. _____________________________________________________________ Situation: The woman is operating a loud machine without earplugs. 4. _____________________________________________________________ Situation: The woman is working with chemicals without a dust mask. 5. _____________________________________________________________ Situation: The man is operating a machine with no goggles. 6. _____________________________________________________________ Situation: The doctor isn’t wearing gloves. 7. _____________________________________________________________ Situation: The driver isn’t wearing a seatbelt. 8. _____________________________________________________________ 4. Compara tus respuestas.


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5. Discuss the words cause and effect with your teacher. Then match each cause below with the possible effect by drawing a line.

CAUSE

the construction worker doesn’t have a hard

hat on

the doctor doesn’t wear gloves

the man doesn’t wear a dust mask

the chef’s hair isn’t tied back

the man lifts heavy boxes without a support

belt

the truck driver doesn’t wear his seatbelt

the man doesn’t wear safety glasses

the woman doesn’t wear earplugs

EFFECT

he might get hurt in an

accident

she might get hair in the food

he could get sparks in his

eyes

he could inhale chemicals

he could strain his back

her hearing will get damaged

she could infect the patient

something might fall and hurt

his head

6. Write statements about what might happen in the future. For example:

If the chef’s hair isn’t tied back, she might get hair in the food. or

The chef might get hair in the food if her hair isn’t tied back. (Note: The two ideas can be reversed and still have the same meaning. Notice that in the second sentence, the subject is moved to the front and there is no comma.) 1. _____________________________________________________________ 2. _____________________________________________________________ 3. _____________________________________________________________ 4. _____________________________________________________________ 5. _____________________________________________________________ 6. _____________________________________________________________ 7. _____________________________________________________________ 7. Share your statements with a partner.


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8.- Completa los espacios en blanco con:

couldn't might not

1. Unfortunately, James and Michelle had already made plans, so they

come with us to the exhibition at the Museum of Contemporary Art. 2. They have had several major snow storms in the mountains during the last month. We had better call the highway patrol to check road conditions. The

road to Smithsville be passable.

3. We should call Tim before we go over to his house; he be there. I don't want to drive all the way there for nothing. 4. In order to win the pie eating contest, Norman would have to eat sixteen

pies in ten minutes. He possibly eat that many pies - he would explode! 5. I know Eve wants to go to the ballet with us , but we'd better call her before

we get her ticket. She works Wednesday nights, and she be able to get time off that evening.

6. Susan hear the speaker because the crowd was cheering so loudly.

7. It be a bad idea to take some snacks along while we're hiking. Last time, we got so hungry we had to come back early without finishing the hike.

8. Jerry might be angry, or he . You never really know with him because he's so temperamental.

9. Jerry be angry at me. I've never done anything to upset him.

10. The lamp be broken. Maybe the light bulb just burned out. 11. When you were a child, you could swim from here to the little island in the

middle of the river, you. At least, that's what your father told me.


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12. She possibly be the winner of the talent show! The other acts were much better than her's.

13. Frank and Sarah get tickets to the concert. The concert was sold out a little over an hour after tickets went on sale. 14. I heard that band is really popular, and tickets sell out quickly. You

get tickets if you wait too long.

15. That concert has been sold out for weeks. You get tickets even if you knew the band personally. It's impossible!

16. It be a bad idea to get a car alarm for your new sports car. New cars tend to attract thieves.

17. That possibly be Mr. Jones. He's lost so much weight that he looks like a completely different person.

18. You do the job if you didn't speak Arabic fluently.

19. Jane and Bill have gotten the invitation to the party. Perhaps, that's why they didn't show up. I doubt they would actually skip your birthday party - they're your best friends!

20. I have left my keys at Simon's house. I wouldn't have been able to drive home if I had done that. They must be somewhere here in the apartment. Let's keep looking.


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9.- Completa los espacios en blanco con:

would - could - should - might

1.Donna: If I won the ten million dollar lottery jackpot, I afford to quit my job and travel the world.

Sam: Where you go if you had that much money?

Donna: I don't know, I choose to spend a year in Paris - or perhaps I

go to Kenya. Sam: How often do you buy lottery tickets?

Donna: Never... I guess if I want to win the lottery, I try buying some tickets.

Sam: That help. 2. Waitress: Hi, my name is Sandy - I'll be your waitress tonight. What can I get for you?

Tony: I haven't decided yet. Is there anything you recommend? Is

there anything you think I try?

Waitress: You try the Cajun catfish - or perhaps the Gumbo. They're both delicious.

Tony: That sounds wonderful, but that be a little too spicy for me.

Actually, the prawns sound good. I have the barbecued prawns?

Waitress: Sure, you like a salad with that?


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3.

Jan: What we look for in a candidate when we vote in a presidential election?

Peter: I think citizens vote for a President who has the ability to improve the quality of life in the United States.

Jan: What you do if you were President of the United States?

Peter: I focus on environmental pollution. Jan: Every candidate always says he's going to do that, but it's a really complicated problem - it's not one which is easily solved. What makes you

think you actually stop pollution?

can - could - have to - must - might - should

1. Ted's flight from Amsterdam took more than 11 hours. He be

exhausted after such a long flight. He prefer to stay in tonight and get some rest. 2. If you want to get a better feeling for how the city is laid out, you

walk downtown and explore the waterfront.

3. Hiking the trail to the peak be dangerous if you are not well

prepared for dramatic weather changes. You research the route a little more before you attempt the ascent.

4. When you have a small child in the house, you leave small objects

lying around. Such objects be swallowed, causing serious injury or even death.

5. A: you hold your breath for more than a minute? B: No, I can't.


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6. Jenny's engagement ring is enormous! It have cost a fortune. 7. Please make sure to water my plants while I am gone. If they don't get

enough water, they die.

8. I speak Arabic fluently when I was a child and we lived in Egypt. But after we moved back to Canada, I had very little exposure to the language

and forgot almost everything I knew as a child. Now, I just say a few things in the language.

9. The book is optional. My professor said we read it if we needed

extra credit. But we read it if we don't want to.

10. A: Where is the spatula? It be in this drawer but it's not here. B: I just did a load of dishes last night and they're still in the dish washer. It

be in there. That's the only other place it

be.

11. You take your umbrella along with you today. The weatherman

on the news said there's a storm north of here and it rain later on this afternoon.

12. we pull over at the next rest stop? I really use the

bathroom and I don't know if I hold it until we get to Chicago.

13. Oh no! Frank's wallet is lying on the coffee table. He have left it here last night.

14. A: I borrow your lighter for a minute?

B: Sure, no problem. Actually, you keep it if you want to. I've given up smoking.

15. I believe she said that to Megan! She insult her

cooking in front of everyone at the party last night. She have just said she was full or had some salad if she didn't like the meal.


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16. Do you chew with your mouth open like that? Geez, it's making me sick watching you eat that piece of pizza. 17. Mrs. Scarlett's body was found in the lounge just moments ago, and it's still

warm! Nobody has left the mansion this evening, so the killer be

someone in this room. It be any one of us!!! 18. A: I don't know why Denise starting crying when I mentioned the wedding.

B: It have been what you said about her brother. Or, perhaps she is just nervous. After all, the big day is tomorrow.

19. you always say the first thing that pops into your head?

you think once in awhile before you speak? 20. I was reading the book last night before I went to bed. I never took it out of

this room. It be lying around here somewhere. Where it be?


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BIBLIOGRAFIA

Mitra Christine W. “On target” Funded by Alberta Advanced Education and Career Development and Citizenship and Immigration Canada, 2003 Bow Valley College, Calgary, Alberta Canada pp.217

Woodward Suzanne W. “Fun with Grammar” Communicative Activities for the Grammar Series, Prentice Hall Regents, 1997, Printed in United States of America, pp. 378

Thomson and Heile “Stand Out Grammar Challenge1, 2 y 3.” Thomson Learning Inc, with permission from Heile First published 2002 by Heinle pp.65

OTRAS REFERENCIAS:

Paginas Web:

www.mansiondelingles.com

www.grammarenglish.com

www.englishonline.com

http://www.mansiondelingles.com/

http://www.grammarenglish.com/

http://www.englishonline.com/

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