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    Maria M. Vidal

    INGL. 4295

    Composition & Rhetoric

    Seminar

    December 5, 2011

    Prof. M. R. Ortiz

    Universidad de Puerto Rico

    Recinto de Carolina

    Proyecto CRECE

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    Rhetoric was slow to develop in ancient Rome.

    It started to flourish when that empire conquered

    Greece and began to be influenced by its traditions.

    While ancient Romans incorporated many of therhetorical elements established by the Greeks, they

    diverged from the Grecian tradition in many ways.

    For example, orators and writers in ancient Rome

    depended more on stylistic flourishes, riveting stories,

    and compelling metaphors and less on logical reasoning

    than their ancient Greek counterparts.

    Rhetoric in Ancient Rome

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    Cicero:

    "Rhetoric is one great art comprised of five

    lesser arts: inventio, dispositio,

    elocutio, memoria, and pronunciatio.

    Rhetoric is "speech designed to persuade.

    Quintillian:

    "Rhetoric is the art of speaking well."

    According to

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    According to

    Cicero (1st century B.C.E. Rome)

    Was convinced that thought can not be separated from language.

    That being a good citizen required broad general knowledge and a facility

    for using rhetoric to deliberate about the good of the republic.

    Horace (1st century C.E. Rome)In his theory of poetry, wrote about rhetoric as the practice of using language

    for teaching, pleasing, and moving an audience.

    Rhetoric isnt just about the logical functions of language but about the way

    it works on our emotions and moves us to action.

    Quintilian (1st century C.E. Rome)Was strongly influence by Cicero and went even further in arguing for the

    ethical nature of rhetoric.

    He said that the orator must be an ethical person in order to be persuasive.

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    Canons of Rhetoric

    Ciceros primary contribution in De

    Inventione is his introduction of his

    five Canons of Rhetoric.

    Today, the five Canons Cicero proposed

    are still crucial to effective rhetoric.

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    Canons of Rhetoric

    1) They provide a template for the criticism of

    discourse (and orations in particular)

    2) They give a pattern for rhetorical education.

    3) There are five canons of rhetoric.Canons of Rhetoric

    Invention (discovery)

    Arrangement (organization) Style (expression)

    Memory

    Delivery

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    Canons of Rhetoric

    Inventio

    (invention - discovery)

    The process of developing and refining your

    arguments.Dispositio

    (arrangement - organization)

    The process of arranging and organizing yourarguments for maximum impact.

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    Canons of Rhetoric

    Elocutio(style - expression)

    The process of determining how you present

    your arguments using figures of speech and

    other rhetorical techniques.

    Memoria

    (memory)

    The process of learning and memorizing your

    speech so you can deliver it without the use of

    notes.

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    Canons of RhetoricActio

    (delivery)

    The process of practicing how you deliver yourspeech using gestures, pronunciation, and tone

    of voice.

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    1) Second Roman to leave his mark on the study of rhetoric.

    2) Quintilian opened a public school of rhetoric.3) He developed a study system that took a student through different stages

    of intense rhetorical training.

    4) In 95 AD, Quintilian immortalized his rhetorical education system in a

    twelve-volume textbook entitledInstitutio Oratoria.

    5) Institutio Oratoria covers all aspects of the art of rhetoric.6) While Quintilian focuses primarily on the technical aspects of effective

    rhetoric, he also spends a considerable amount of time setting forth a

    curriculum he believes should serve as the foundation of every mans

    education.

    7) Quintilians rhetorical education ideally begins as soon as a baby is born.

    For example, he counsels parents to find their sons nurses that are articulateand well-versed in philosophy.

    8) Quintilian devotes much of his treatise to fleshing out and explaining the

    Five Canons of Rhetoric. First seen in Ciceros De Inventione,the Five

    Canons provide a guide on creating a powerful speech.

    Quintilian

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    Rhetoric did not originate at a single momentin history. Rather, it was an evolving,

    developing consciousness about therelationship between thought andexpression

    Richard Leo Enos

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    References

    http://8170.pbworks.com/w/page/35682186/Timeline%20of%20Roman%20Rhetoric#footnote-anchor-1

    http://www.wfu.edu/~zulick/300/biborigins.html

    http://www.stanford.edu/dept/english/courses/sites/lunsford/pages/defs.htm

    http://rhetoric.eserver.org/categories

    http://sites.google.com/site/readingandwritingandrhetoric/home/rhetoric/history-of-rhetoric

    http://rhetoric.byu.edu/

    http://artofmanliness.com/2010/11/30/history-of-rhetoric/

    http://www.pearsonhighered.com/educator/product/History-and-Theory-of-Rhetoric-The-An-

    Introduction/9780205414925.page

    http://textcommons.org/node/109

    http://www.amazon.com/Companion-Rhetoric-Blackwell-Companions

    Ancient/dp/1405120916#reader_1405120916