Porque Tener Un PLan de Emergencia en Las Organizaciones - Eng

5/20/2018 Porque Tener Un PLan de Emergencia en Las Organizaciones - Eng

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WHY HAVE AN EMERGENCY PLAN?

A company may have many reasons to establish and maintain programs of occupational health

and safety (OH & S). A definite plan to deal with major emergencies is an important element ofprograms OH & S. The lack of an emergency plan can lead to serious losses such as multiple

casualties and possible financial collapse of the organization.

In addition to the main benefit of providing guidance during an emergency, develop the plan has

other advantages. Terms of unrecognized risk aggravate an emergency situation can not be

covered and thus allowing their removal. The planning process can bring to light deficiencies such

as lack of resources (equipment, trained personnel, supplies), both of which can be rectified

before an emergency occurs. Additionally an emergency plan promotes awareness for security and

shows the organization's commitment to the safety of workers.

Why do some organizations have not made plans?

Due to many reasons. It may simply be due to lack of awareness of the risks and severity thereof.

An attitude of "can not happen here" may be present. It may be that people are not willing to take

the time and effort to examine the problem. However, emergency planning is an important part of

the operation of a company and there should be no excuses for lack of planning.

Since emergencies occur, advance planning is needed to prevent potential disasters. The urgent

need for rapid decisions, shortage of time and lack of resources and trained personnel can lead to

chaos during an emergency. The time and circumstances in an emergency means you can not rely

on the normal channels of authority and communication work routinely. The stress of the situation

can lead to poor judgment resulting in severe loss

What is the overall objective of the plan?

The emergency plan specifies procedures for handling sudden unexpected situations. The

objective is to reduce the potential consequences of the emergency:

Reducingfatalities and injuries;

reducing damageto buildings, inventory and equipment;

accelerating the resumption of normal operations

The development of the plan begins with an assessment of vulnerability.

These study results show: the possibility for a situation to occur

available means to stop or prevent the situation and

you need for a given situation

From this analysis you can set the appropriate emergency procedures.

In the planning stage, it is important to request the participation of different groups. Among these

groups, the set of occupational health and safety committee can provide valuable input and



means for greater worker participation. Please also refer to the appropriate municipal officials

since the control must be done by the local government in major emergencies and should have

additional resources available. Communication, training and periodic drills ensure adequate

performance if the plan should be implemented.

What is vulnerability assessment?Although emergencies are, by definition, sudden events, their occurrence can be predicted with

some certainty. The first step is to identify what risks are threat to any specific company.

When a list of risks is prepared, records of past incidents and occupational experience are not the

only sources of valuable information. Since major emergencies are rare events, knowledge of both

technological risks (chemical or physical) as natural can be extended in consultation with the fire

department, insurance companies, engineering consultants and government departments.

What are technological and natural hazards?

Areas where used or stored flammable, explosive or chemical should be considered as the mostfeasible for an emergency occurs technology venture instead. Examples of these risks include:

fire

explosion

building collapse

major structural failure

flammable liquid spill

release of toxic substances

exposure to ionizing radiation

loss of power loss of water supply

Loss of communications

The risk of natural hazards is not the same throughout in the World but the

list would include:

flood

earthquakes,

tornados,

other severe wind storms,

ice storms or snow, and severe extremes in temperature (hot or cold).

You can consider the possibility that an event triggers another. An explosion can start a fire and

cause structural failure while an earthquake can trigger all events listed in the list of physical and

chemical hazards.

What is the series of events or decisions to be considered?

Having identified the risks, potential major impacts of each should be specified as:



potential events (eg fire after explosion)

evacuation

accidents

damage to plant infrastructure

loss of vital / documents records

damage to equipment

work stoppages

Based on these events required actions are determined. For example:

emergency declaration

sound the alarm

evacuate the danger zone

Close the main switches

seek outside help

initiate rescue operations

assist victims

fire fighting

The final consideration is the location and a list of resources that are

needed:

medical supplies

auxiliary communication equipment

Power Generators

respirators

radiation detection equipment and chemical

Mobile Equipment

Emergency protective clothing

firefighting equipment

ambulance

rescue team

trained staff

What are the elements of the emergency plan?

The emergency plan includes

all possible emergencies, consequences, actions required, written procedures and available

resources

detailed lists of staff, including personal phone numbers, their duties and responsibilities

floor plans,

Maps showing large-scale assessment routes and service ducts (such as water and gas pipes)

Because the document is likely to be large, the plan must provide written instructions to staff on

their specific duties during an emergency.



The following are examples of parts of a plan. These elements may not cover every situation in

every workplace but are for general guidance when it is drafting a specific plan of the workplace:

Target

The objective is a brief summary of the purpose of the plan; ie reduce human injuries and property

damage in an emergency. It also specifies that those staff members can put the plan into action.The goal clearly identifies who these members because the normal chain of command is not

always feasible with short notice. At least one of them must be on site at all times when the

premises are occupied. The scope of authority of personnel must be clearly indicated.

Organization

Should be appointed and to enable a person to act as emergency coordinator. However, the staff

at the site during an emergency is key to ensure quick and efficient action to minimize losses is

provided. In some cases it may be possible to call employees who are not in service to help but

usually initial critical decisions must be taken immediately.

Specific duties, responsibilities, authority and resources should be clearly

defined. Among the responsibilities to be assigned are:

Emergency report

activate the emergency plan

assume overall command

communicate

alert staff

order the evacuation

alert external agencies

confirm complete evacuation

alert the external population of possible risk

seek outside help

coordinate activities of various groups

advise the families of the victims

providing medical help

ensure that emergency switches are closed

Rain poll

advise the press

This list of responsibilities should be completed using summary measures against previously

developed for each emergency. In organizations operating with reduced staff during some shifts,

some staff must assume additional responsibilities during emergencies. Adequate substitute must

be appointed for each position of responsibility to ensure that someone in authority is always

available on the site.



External organizations that may be available to help (with varied response

times) include:

firedepartment

mobile rescue brigades

ambulance services

police departments

phone company

hospitals

utilities

industrial neighbors

government agencies

These organizations should be contacted in the planning stages to discuss each of their roles

during an emergency. Mutual assistance with other industrial facilities in the area should be

explored.

The pre-planned coordination is necessary to avoid conflicting responsibilities. For example,

police, fire department, ambulance service, rescue squad, fire brigade and the company first aid

kit can be on the scene simultaneously. A default command string in this type of situation is

necessary to avoid organizational difficulties. Under certain circumstances, an outside agency can

assume command.

They have pointed to possible communication problems in different contexts. Efforts should be

made to find alternative means of communication during an emergency, especially among key

personnel such as general manager, responsible for design, engineering, fire brigade, medical,

rescue and external agents. Depending on the size of the organization and the physical availabilityof the premises, it may be advisable to plan an emergency control center alternative

communication facilities. All staff with responsibilities alert or report must receive a current list of

phone numbers and addresses of people who might need to contact.

Procedures

Many factors determine the procedures that are needed in an emergency, such as

degree of emergency

the size of the organization,

the capabilities of the organization in an emergency

immediacy of foreign aid,

definition of the physical premises, and

the number of structures determines the procedures needed.

Common elements to consider in all emergencies include pre-emergency preparation and

provisions for personnel warning and evacuation, accident management and emergency

containment.



Natural hazards such as floods or severe storms, sometimes provide early warnings. The plan

should take advantage of alerts such as, for example, instructions on sandbags, removal of

equipment to facilities in need, providing alternative sources of power, light or water, extra

equipment and relocation of personnel with special skills. Synchronize alert stages allow such

measures are initiated in an orderly manner.

The evacuation order is of the utmost importance to alert staff. To avoid confusion, only one type

of signal to be used for the evacuation order. For this purpose commonly sirens, bells, whistles,

flashing lights, announcements locator systems or megaphones are used in noisy environments.

The all-clear signal is less important since time is not a pressing concern.

The following are "duties"

Identify evacuation routes, alternate means of escape, make sure that all staff know; keep the

routes clear.

Specify safe places for staff meets to count heads and so ensure that everyone has left the

danger zone. Assign individuals to assist disabled employees in emergencies.

run the treatment of the injured and look for the missing simultaneously with efforts to contain

the emergency.

Provide alternative sources of medical help when normal facilities may be in the danger zone.

Containing the extent of loss of property should start only when the safety of all staff and

residents at risk has been clearly established.

Trials and Review

Complete a comprehensive plan for managing experiences is a fundamental step towards the

prevention of disasters. However, it is difficult to predict all the problems that can occur unless the

plan has been tested. Exercises and drills should be conducted to practice all or critical parts (suchas evacuation) plan. An immediate and comprehensive review after each exercise, drill, or after an

actual emergency indicate areas for improvement. The recognition of individual responsibilities

can be assessed through written tests or interviews.

The plan must be reviewed when defects are known, and must be reviewed at least annually.

Changes in plant infrastructure, process, materials used and key personnel are occasions for

updating the plan.

Should be emphasized that must have provisions for training both individuals and teams, if they

are expected to perform adequately in an emergency. An annual full scale exercise will help

maintain a high level of competence.

Porque Tener Un PLan de Emergencia en Las Organizaciones - Eng

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