Plan Programaciones Almeria +1 milenio de culturas

7/22/2019 Plan Programaciones Almeria +1 milenio de culturas

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Fcdir f, 6 Dkci`ke hi Oucturfs Fseo. F.O.F. L>8:>8:;> ^cf` hi ^relrfdfokÿ` hi K`tirviòkeìs

dfèceycfkcfNldfkc.oed tcjè/wmft ̧ sYp/Ckì ::: 899 9:< ^ælk`f 6 hi 6>;

^relrfdf –Fcdiräf, +6 Dkci`ke hi Oucturfs—

Oicibrfokÿ` hic Dkci`ke hic Rikè hi Fcdiräf

Fseokfokÿ` Fookeìs Oedu`ktfrkfs Fcdirki`sis OKJ L>8:>8:;>

Xidperfckzfoke`7 Gucke 2>68 f Gucke 2>69^cf` hi K`tirviòkeìs f Rifckzfr i` Hkvirsfs Ærifs hi Fotufokeìs hic ^relrfdf

F_EO. FOOKE@I_ OEDY@KXFRKF_ FCDIRKI@_I_ (F.O.F.)





!" #$%&%'(!)*+'• Hisorkpokÿ` hi cf i`tkhfh

_edes u`f Fseo. Fcdirki`si K`tiroucturfc , ju`hfhf i` jibrire hi 2>><, qui erlf`kzfdes u`

preyiote k`tilrfc hi ofræotir idpri`hiher seokfc sk` æ`kde hi cuore, qui liìrf jerdfokÿ`,

pfrtkokpfokÿ` y biìjkokes seokfc-oucturfcis, orif`he y df`ti`ki`he dihkes hi oedu`kofokÿ`

oedu`ktfrkf, ski`he cfs ærifs hi k`tirviòkÿ` fotufcis7

• K`tirviòkeìs ̂ skoeseokfcis oedu`ktfrkfs

• ^rehuookeìs Fuhkevksufcis

• îrkehksde Okuhfhfè 2.>

• Oecfberfokeìs, ̂ frtkokpfokeìs, trfbfge i` rih, fookeìs hi fyuhf y seckhfrkhfh.

• Etres

@uistrf Cfber mf skhe rioeèokhf per ces hkstk`tes pridkes riokbkhes (hebcidi`ti per cf

u`kvirskhfh hi Fcdiräf, fcdihkf`, oecilf, ju`hfokÿ` biip y cf uctkdf oeòihkhf i` ic föe 2>6> iìc hëokde ^ridke F`hfcuz fc Zecu`tfrkfhe i` cf Jfsi ^revkòkfc hi Fcdiräf hi`tre hi cf oftileräf

hi ^reyiotes hi Hkjuskÿ` ^rejiske`fc e Dihke hi Oedu`kofokÿ` oeòihkhf per cf Fliòkf

F`hfcuzf hic Zecu`tfrkfhe.

Fclu`fs hi cfs Fotkvkhfhis y Fookeìs qui f`tirkerdi`ti si mf` hisfrreccfhe i` cf Fseokfokÿ`7

! Jedi`te y pfrtkokpfokÿ` hic vecu`tfrkfhe i` ùistrfs fotkvkhfhis

! Luäf hi riourses hklktfc i` ùistrf wib

! ^reyiote frt-f`hfcux7 7 wkak & luäf ductkdihkf 2.> hi frtkstfs f`hfcuois oede rifckzfokÿ`

hi i`trivkstfs y prehuookeìs fuhkevksufcis pfrf cf predeokÿ` hi istes

! ^ri`sf okuhfhf`f (hkju`hkhf i` ùistrf wib y rihis seokfcis)7 he`hi f trfvës hi istf ces

okuhfhfès y devkdki`tes seokfcis hkju`hi` sus ètkokfs, epk`keìs, ivi`tes...rifckzf`he

tfcciris pfrf su jerdfokÿ` y use, jedi`tf`he ic pirkehksde okuhfhfè

! idkserf hi rfhke oedu`ktfrkf k`tiroucturfc i k`tirliìrfoke`fc f trfvës hi cfs tko¸s

(strifdk`l & pehofst)

F_EO. FOOKE@I_ OEDY@KXFRKF_ FCDIRKI@_I_ (F.O.F.)




dfèceycfkcfNldfkc.oed tcjè/wmft ̧ sYp/Ckì ::: 899 9:< ^ælk`f ? hi 6>;

! Xfcciris hi rfhke

! Istuhke y tfcciris hi prehuookÿ` duskofc y fuhkevksufc

! Idkserf hi tv oedu`ktfrkf k`tiroucturfc i k`tirliìrfoke`fc f trfvës hi cfs tko¸s (strifdk`l

& vkhieofst)

! Rifckzfokÿ` hi oerteditrfgis y vkhieockps hi frtkstfs fcdirki`sis

! Rifckzfokÿ` hi vkhies, he`hi si fuhke vksufckzf f peitfs fcdirki`sis,

! Bkbcketiof seokfc y Fotkvkhfhis jerdftkvfs (fcjfbitkzfokÿ` i` ispföec, ùivfs tioèceläfs,

cuhetiof, f`kdfokÿ` y hk`fdkzfokÿ`) i` ic f`tklue oi`tre seokeoucturfc hi requitfs hi dfr

i` ic bfrrke hi cfs 2>> vkvki`hfs y Fcdiräf! K`tirviòkÿ` hkriotf oe` Gÿviìs, Ziokès, Dfyeris y etres oeciotkves, ispiokfcdi`ti ces

qui istæ` i` sktufokÿ` hi Ixocuskÿ` _eokfc f trfvës hi ùistrfs fotkvkhfhis oede cfs qui

iccfs prepeì`, ski`he icces ces pretfle`kstfs y pfrtkokpis hi istfs, erki`tfhes per ùistrf

fseokfokÿ`

! ^redeokÿ` y Xrfbfge i` Rih hic Xigkhe Fseokftkve, Frtästkoe, Oucturfc, Idpri`hiher, hi

Lrupes K`jerdfcis i K`hkvkhues f trfvës hi ùistrfs fotkvkhfhis.

! Oecfberfokeìs y Xrfbfge i` Rih oe` etrfs I`tkhfhis ûbckofs y Fseokftkvfs i` cfrifckzfokÿ` hi fotkvkhfhis pu`tufcis, oe`tkùfs, tf`te i` rifckzfokÿ` hi ivi`tes e

fotkvkhfhis surlkhfs hi istf oecfberfokÿ` e Xrfbfge i` rih (sebri tehe cfs hi ofræotir

_eckhfrkes oede hi _i`skbkckzfokÿ` i k`tirofdbke hi oe`tfotes) oede cfs qui istæ` hi`tre

hi ̀ uistrfs fotkvkhfhis, histfof`he7

• Fseokfokeìs hi hkvirsf ä`heci1 viok`fcis, hi k`dklrf`tis, oucturfcis, hipertkvfs, hi

pirse`fs dfyeris, hi jedi`te hi eoke y tkidpe ckbri...

• Hkvirses Jeres, Ger`fhfs, Oe`jiriòkfs, _idk`frkes, preyiotes oedu`ktfrkes (OKDF_),

Rihis K`tiroucturfcis...

• K`tilrfokÿ` i` cf Rih Istftfc hi Dihkes Oedu`ktfrkes.

• Oecfberfokÿ` oe` dihkes hi Oedu`kofokÿ` qui ès mf` hidf`hfhe oe`tfotes i

k`jerdfokÿ` pfrf rifckzfokÿ` hi Ripertfgis i` Bfrrkfhfs he`hi k`tirvi`kdes7 Ispföf I`

Hkriotf, Ic ^fäs, Ouftre...

• Oede etrfs i`tkhfhis y erlf`kzfokeìs qui ès k`vkti` f pfrtkokpfr i` fclu`f hi sus

fotkvkhfhis oede ès prepe`lf` cf rifckzfokÿ` oe`gu`tf hi fclu`f





• Mides hfhe fpeye f k`vistklfokeìs seokfcis, oede is ic ofse hi \edi` Ckà¸s sebri cf

trftf hi dugiris pfrf cf prestktuokÿ`.

! Etres ̂ reyiotes

• Jk`fckhfh hi cf Fseokfokÿ`

Cf jk`fckhfh hi ùistrf fseokfokÿ` is fyuhfr f cf oe`struookÿ` hi u`f seokihfh trf`soucturfc y

jfverioir hishi ic ædbkte fseokftkve k`tiroucturfc cf pci`f k`tilrfokÿ` pirse`fc, seokfc y cfberfc

hi cf pebcfokÿ` histk`ftfrkf i` ic siè hi cf seokihfh hi foelkhf, mfoki`he ispiokfc mkòfpkë i`

ces oeciotkves hisjfveriokhes y ic vecu`tfrkfhe oede pretfle`kstf hic ofdbke seokfc,

fpeyæ`heès i` cfs ùivfs tioèceläfs.

• Jk`fckhfh hic ^relrfdf –Fcdirfyf, +6 Dkci`ke hi Oucturfs—

I` hijk`ktkvf tehes ces sirvkokes qui ejrioiräf isti preyiote se` hi ofræotir seokfc y oede

sirvkokes seokfcis i`ti`hides, sil÷` si rioeli i` cf Ciy 8/6;;?, u` skstidf k`tilrfhe hi

pretiookÿ` seokfc erki`tfhe f cf pristfokÿ` prelrfdfhf hi ftiòkeìs y sirvkokes qui peskbkckti`

cf digerf hi cf ofckhfh hi vkhf y cf pfrtkokpfokÿ` hi cfs pirse`fs e lrupes, ispiokfcdi`ti hi

fquicces qui sujri` fcl÷` tkpe hi ofriòkf, dfrlk`fokÿ` e hisftiòkÿ` siciotkvf, fsä oede f cf

priviòkÿ` y ickdk`fokÿ` hi cfs ofusfs qui istæ` i` ic erkli` hi fquiccfs sktufokeìs.

-" #$./%)(. >6% %&(!2.& $%!?*8!'9.@YI_XRF F_EOKFOKE@ F.O.F. , hi`tre hic pcf` hi prelrfdfokeìs –Fcdiräf, +6 dkci`ke

hi oucturfs— yf istæ rifckzf`he ic preyiote –Fcdirfyf, Xkirrf hi Zkhies— i`

mttp7//www.yeutubi.oed/rfhkeoertkge hi`tre hi cf Ckstf hi Riprehuookÿ` oe` ic dksde èdbri,

he`hi pehrëks Zir, ^frtkokpfr y Ivfcufr

mttp7//www.yeutubi.oed/pcfyckst5ckst4^Ct26pULLrBoFzF6CM=m6Vu9`_[<\rjÈK





Fotkvkhfhis

^frf cf oe`siouokÿ` hi ces ebgitkves pcf`tifhes rifckzfrides lrfbfokeìs, ihkokeìs y

prehuookeìs fuhkevksufcis (oede su hkjuskÿ` i` ùistrfs rihis seokfcis) ricfoke`fhfs oe` istfs,

i` cfs qui se` dfs histfofbcis7

! ^rehuookÿ` hi Zkhie-Ockps

! ^rehuookÿ` hi Zkhies-Duskofcis

! ^rehuookÿ` hi vkhies hi D÷skoe-Xirfpkf y hi Bibis

! Ripertfgis _eokeoucturfcis y pirkehästkoes

! Heoudi`tfcis

! Heoudi`tfokÿ` fuhkevksufc hi ivi`tes, oicibrfokeìs, oe`jiriòkfs, omfrcfs, ito..

! Lrfbfokÿ` y ̂ rehuookÿ` hi ivi`tes seokepecätkoes

! Ripertfgis fuhkevksufcis y heoudi`tfcis hi fotes ricfoke`fhes oe` ic Dkci`ke hi Fcdiräf

oede hi cf fotufckhfh fcdirki`si, kòcukhes ces hi ofræotir hi rikvk`hkofokÿ` okuhfhf`f

! Lrfbfokÿ` y prehuookÿ` hi ivi`tes, oeòkirtes y fotufokeìs oucturfcis, frtästkoes y

duskofcis

! ^rehuookÿ` hi vkhies sebri ic Ofsoe Mkstÿrkoe (kòcukhf cf Omfòf) hi su mksterkf,

pftrkde`ke dftirkfc i k`dftirkfc.

! ^rehuookÿ` hi vkhies sebri trfhkokeìs y oestudbris Fcdirki`sis, F`hfcuzfs y

F`hfcusäis, oede hi cf ductkoucturfckhfh ixksti`ti

! ^rehuookÿ` hi vkhies ductkoucturfcis y rijcigi` cf hkvirskhfh oede pcurfckhfh hi cf

seokihfh fcdirki`si, kòcukhes ces hi ofræotir ricklkese, seokeoucturfc y pecätkoe.

! ^rehuookÿ` hi vkhies hi mksterkfs hi vkhfs

! ^rehuookÿ` hi Oertes y etres jerdftes okìdftelræjkoes

! ^rehuookeìs fuhkevksufcis prehuote hic trfbfge i` rih, oecfberfokeìs y pfrtkokpfokeìs

! Etrfs prehuookeìs fuhkevksufcis qui si vif` kdpertf`tis y ricivf`tis oe` ces ebgitkves y

jkìs hic prelrfdf.




dfèceycfkcfNldfkc.oed tcjè/wmft ̧ sYp/Ckì ::: 899 9:< ^ælk`f < hi 6>;

^frf cf igiouokÿ` hi isti preyiote oe`tfdes oe` cf oecfberfokÿ` vecu`tfrkf pirse`fc hi cf

fseokfokÿ`, vecu`tfrkes, oecfberfheris oede erlf`kzfokeìs, oeciotkves, k`stktuokeìs y pirse`fs

oe` cfs qui trfbfgfdes i` rih e oecfberfdes. Oecfberfokÿ` kìstkdfbci per su lrf` detkvfokÿ` hi

jerdf vecu`tfrkf y hisk`tirisfhf.

Istf dihkhf sklui ces ebgitkves y istrftilkfs dfrofhes i` ic pcf` Yrbf` ( mttp7//fcdirkfurbf`.is/

) oede etres prelrfdfs hi k`tirviòkÿ` i` cf ze`f oede oe` su pebcfokÿ`.

• Oe`tixte Mkstÿrkoe7

Fcdiräf tkiì u`f cfrlf mksterkf dfrofhf per cf prisiòkf hi duy hkstk`tfs okvkckzfokeìs. Fu`qui

mfy yfokdki`tes pfciecätkoes i` cf prevkòkf i kdpertf`tis pk`turfs rupistris hic @iecätkoe, is yf

i` cf Ihfh hi ces Ditfcis, i` ic pirkehe ofcoecätkoe, ouf`he surli cf prkdirf –okuhfh— hi cf qui

tiìdes ètkokf7 ic pebcfhe hi ces Dkccfris, oe` dæs hi dkc mfbktf`tis y u`f oucturf bfsfhf i` cf




dfèceycfkcfNldfkc.oed tcjè/wmft ̧ sYp/Ckì ::: 899 9:< ^ælk`f = hi 6>;

ditfcurlkf hic oebri. I` cf ihfh hic Breòi si hisfrreccf i` ic civf`ti fcdirki`si cf kdpertf`ti

oucturf hi Ic Frlfr.

Cfs oece`kfs hi Zkccfrkoes y Fhrf hf` tistkde`ke hi cf prisiòkf ji`kokf. Istfs pebcfokeìs

df`tuvkire` oe`tfotes oe` ces lrkiles y si oe`vkrtkire` i` ofrtflkìsis. Ic i`jri`tfdki`te oe`

Redf pe`hrææ jk` f cf prisiòkf ofrtflkìsf y cf ccilfhf hi ces ùives oece`kzfheris. I ` Fhrf y

i` Fcdiräf si oe`sirvf` ristes hi jæbrkofs hi sfcfzeìs redf`fs y hi u` jcerioki`ti oediroke

bfsfhe i` cf prehuookÿ` hi lfrud, sfcsf f bfsi hi pisofhe i mkirbfs fredætkofs oe`skhirfhf

u`f ixquksktiz i` cf ëpeof.

Xrfs cf hedk`fokÿ` redf`f, Fcdiräf jui eoupfhf per væ`hfces, vksklehes y bkzf`tkès. _k`

idbfrle cf okvkckzfokÿ` kscfdkof is cf qui igiroäÿ u`f k`jcuiòkf dæs kdpertf`ti.

F oedki`zes hic sklce ZKKK, ces ærfbis yidi`äs ju`hfdi`tfcdi`ti y ces birëbiris ccilf` f tkirrfs

fcdirki`sis y oedi`zfre` f hisfrreccfr u`f flrkoucturf qui supe`hrææ u`f dehkjkofokÿ`ÿ`

sustfòkfc hic pfksfgi y dëtehe flräoecf. I` ic sklce K], u`f terri vkläf, mfoäf cfs viois hi

ebsirvfterke hi îomk`f. Fhidæs hi istf ftfcfyf qui oe`trecfbf cf k`ti`sf fotkvkhfh oedirokfc

hic puirte, ixkstäf u` frrfbfc df`ti`khe per ic prepke deter hic oediroke dfrätkde. Mfstf tfc pu`te hi qui si oe`vkrtkÿÿ i` u`f rip÷bckof dfrkìrf y tuve, ic ofckjf, qui oe`viòirces hi qui su

u`kÿ` fc Ofckjfte hi Ooÿrhebf siräf pesktkve. I` ic föe ;?? ixkstäf u` frsi`fc ofckjfc, iòfrlfhe

hi fudi`tfr cf jcetf y ripfrfrcf. Kdpriske`f`tis se` cfs ètkokfs hi fc-Yhrk sebri cfs ofdpföfs

ccivfhfs f ofbe per cf jcetf ediyf bfge ic fcdkrf`tfzle hi Kb` Rudfmks oe`trf Oftfcuöf (;8>), ic

Dkhk jrfòës (;8?) i Kjkqukyf-X÷ìz (;89). I` ic föe ;99, Fbh fc Rfmdf` KKK, erhi`f cf

oe`struookÿ` hi cf Fcofzfbf irf oe`trfrristfr cf fdi`fzf hic ofckjfte jftkdää hi X÷ìz.

Cf dkskÿ` dæs kdpertf`ti hi istf jcetf irf ìutrfckzfr cf fdi`fzf jftkdää. Ic puirte hi îomk`f si ceofckzfbf i` cf fotufc Omfòf, mfstf qui ic orioki`ti pehir jftkdää, ebcklÿ fc ofckjf f oe`virtkr

ic frrfbfc hi Bfyyf`f i` u`f dfhk`ft, rehif`he hi durfccfs y rierhi`f`he sus hiji`sfs,

civf`tf`he cf Fcofzfbf. Fsä si ju`hÿ Fc- Dfrkyyf.

Is ic `fokdki`te ejkokfc hi cf okuhfh hi Fcdiräf, qui mfstf isi dedi`te mfbäf skhe u` bfrrke

pertufrke hi îomk`f. Cf ùivf pebcfokÿ` si oe`virtkræ i` ic prkòkpfc puirte hic ofckjfte hi

Oÿrhebf y hisfrreccfræ u` kdpertf`ti oediroke oe` ic Dihktirræìe erki`tfc y ic èrti hi Æjrkof.




dfèceycfkcfNldfkc.oed tcjè/wmft ̧ sYp/Ckì ::: 899 9:< ^ælk`f 6> hi 6>;

Ci suoihkÿ Wmfry (6>2=-6>?=). _u futerkhfh si ixti`hkÿ tf`te qui ofyÿ bfge su gurkshkookÿ` cf

okuhfh hi Oÿrhebf y sus hisherktes. Rifckzÿ ebrfs i` cf dizquktf dfyer hi cf okuhfh.

Fdpckæ`hecfs per tris hi sus cfhes i k`tirvkè i` cf durfccf hi cf Dusfccf. Fcdiräf yf is u`f

okuhfh oe`seckhfhf y hi bicce fspiote. F su f`tkluf dfhk`ft si ci mf` fhesfhe yf hes frrfbfcis

dæs, ic oktfhe fc-Dusfccf (erfterke) y fc-Mfwh (fcgkbi), Xehe ic oedpcige fpfrioi jertkjkofhe.

I` ic 6>?= si seditkÿ fc riy hi Zfciòkf Fbh fc-Fzkz, `kite hi Fcdf`zer, qui i`vkÿ oede

lebir`fher fc wfcä Df` qui si k`hipi`hkzf f su viz iòfbizf`he u`f hk`fstäf qui si prece`lf

oe` su mkge y su `kite mfstf qui i` ic 6>;6 ces kdpfrfbcis fcderævkhis fjrkofès fofbf` oe` cf

k`hipi`hiòkf hi isti rikè.

Ic dæxkde ispci`her hi cf tfkjf si vkvkræ oe` Fc Du¸tfskd (6>92-6>;6), silu`he hi ces de`frofs

tuyubäis, ic riy peitf, hi ouye pfcfoke si oe`sirvf` ristes i` ic silu`he riok`te hi cf Fcofzfbf.

Oerri ic sklce ]K y Fcdiräf bfsf su prespirkhfh i` cf ixpertfokÿ` hi cf sihf. Cfs Fcpugfrrfs si

oe`vkirti` i` ic oi`tre hi prehuookÿ` hi cf sihf. Istf ëpeof hf culfr f hes kdpertf`tis

isorkteris fcpugfrriöes7 Kb` Omfrfj i Kb` Edfr.

Ftrfähes per cf jfdf hi cf liìreskhfh hi fc Du¸tfskd ccilÿ f Fcdiräf u` ouf`tkese `÷dire hi peitfs. Ces qui irf` foelkhes i` su oerti si k`sorkbäf` i` su hkwf` peëtkoe, y ic riy cis fskl`fbf

oe` jriouiòkf u`f pi`skÿ` hi pcftf. Ccilÿ f jerdfr uè hi ces `÷ocies oucturfcis dæs

kdpertf`tis hi fc-Æ`hfcus. _ece u`f ebgiokÿ` mkstÿrkof riofi sebri su diderkf, cf hi è mfbir

sfbkhe hiji`hir sus pesiskeìs, qui quihfre` rihuokhfs f cf prevkòkf hi Fcdiräf.

Hurf`ti su rik`fhe si k`trehugire` fvfòis i` ces skstidfs hi rilfhäe1 i` cf okuhfh jcerioäf` ces

bföes y cfs dizquktfs y ijirvisoäf i` ic puirte ic oediroke hi cf sihf, ic foikti y cf uvf. Hi iccf

ès hf bui`f pruibf cf ebrf hi Fc-Khrksk.

F`ti ic picklre hi cf rioe`qukstf orkstkf`f seckoktÿ fyuhf, fc klufc qui fc Du¸tfdkh hi _ivkccf, fc

sebirfè fcderævkhi [usuj Kb` Xfsjk`.

I` pci`f fle`äf, fc Du¸tfsk` si hf oui`tf hi su irrer, y ouf`he ccilfbf` mfstf ëc cfs veois hi ces

qui fsihkfbf` cf okuhfh, hkge7 @e mfy dæs Hkes qui Fcæ, Xehe mf skhe hure pfrf dä, mfstf cf

duirti. _ilukhfdi`ti susurrÿ f uè hi ces prisi`tis7 Oukhf tus cælrkdfs y è cfs dfclfstis puis

ti`hræs qui ccerfr cfrle tkidpe.





Xris disis hispuës hi su duirti, eourrkhf i` cf Fcofzfbf, cf okuhfh jui eoupfhf per ces

fcderævkhis. _u jfdkckf tuve qui mukr y hkspirsfrsi per ic èrti hi Æjrkof. Xehf fc-Æ`hfcus jui

seditkhf f cf juirzf hic pehir fcderævkhi.

Oe`tfbf, pfrf ces tigkhes hi sihf, oe` =>> tfcciris. _u puirte irf jrioui`tfhe per idbfrofokeìs

preoihi`tis hi Fcigf`hräf y _krkf y è mfbäf i` tehf fc-Æ`hfcus pebcfokÿ` dæs rkof `k hfhf fc

oediroke y f cf k`hustrkf, oede tfdpeoe dæs kòck`fhf f sfofr biìjkoke hi cfs jcuotufokeìs hic

ckbri oediroke y hi cfs risirvfs fcdfoi`fhfs. îre istf sktufokÿ` kbf f hfr u` lkre brusoe i` ic

föe 668<.

Cf k`vfskÿ` fcderævkhi peì jk` f cf tfkjf fcdirki`si pire cf okuhfh sklui ski`he u` idperke

k`hustrkfc oehkokfhe per ces rikès orkstkfès. Hfhf cf peskokÿ` istrftëlkof y ic hisfrrecce hi hes

sklces hi oediroke oe` ces puirtes hic èrti fjrkofè y hic prÿxkde erki`ti, Fcdiräf oedpitäf

fbkirtfdi`ti oe` ic oediroke orkstkfè, ju`hfdi`tfcdi`ti oftfcæ` y lièvës. êr oe`skluki`ti,

lièvisis y oftfcfìs per detkves ioe`ÿdkoes y Fcje`se ZKK per detkves pecätkoes, preduivi`

u`f virhfhirf oruzfhf pfrf oe`qukstfr cf okuhfh. Fcje`se ZKK, fyuhfhe per oftfcfìs, lièvisis,

pksfès y jrfòes, iòfbizf u`f oruzfhf oe`trf Fcdiräf y oe`qukstf cf okuhfh i` 668<. Ic oiroe

hurÿ tris disis, trfs ces oufcis u` ftfqui per hkvirses jcfòes, mkze suoudbkr f Fc-Dfrkyyf. _u

hedk`ke hurfræ sece hkiz föes y Fcdiräf vecviræ f sir dusucdf`f bfge ces fcdemfhis, pire

ùòf rioupirfræ su f`tklue ispci`her.

Fc Khrksk ès hkoi tixtufcdi`ti, rijiri`ti f cf oe`qukstf orkstkf`f7 –Fcdiräf i` cf ëpeof i` cf qui

isorkbkdes ùistrf ebrf, mf ofähe i` dfès hi ces orkstkfès, qukiìs mf` miome hisfpfrioir sus

iòf`tes1 sus mfbktf`tis mf` skhe rihuokhes f cf isocfvktuh1 ces ihkjkokes p÷bckoes mf` skhe

histrukhes y yf `fhf subsksti hi tehe icce.

Ic ùive rëlkdi` fcderævkhi oe`hi`f cfs hkvkskeìs hi ces präòkpis hi tfkjfs, ic cuge hi sus

oertis, su kòfpfokhfh hi mfoir jri`ti f cf fdi`fzf orkstkf`f, su fcigfdki`te hi cfs k`qukituhis

ricklkesfs y cf kcilfckhfh hi su skstidf jksofc. Cÿlkofdi`ti oe` uès pcf`tifdki`tes oede istes,

ic ispci`her hi cf peisäf y cf cktirfturf f`hfcusäis qui mfbäf` ofrfotirkzfhe ic pirkehe f`tirker,

si vke kìvktfbcidi`ti fjiotfhe. _k` idbfrle, bfge ces fcderævkhis, oe`tkùÿ ic jceriokdki`te hi

Fcdiräf, perqui hurf`ti tehe ic sklce ]K si mfbäf` oe`seckhfhe u`f sirki hi jfoteris qui




dfèceycfkcfNldfkc.oed tcjè/wmft ̧ sYp/Ckì ::: 899 9:< ^ælk`f 6? hi 6>;





.

Ces isocfves, fpfrti hi ces ofutkves, irf` ces `ilres y ces ri`ilfhes




dfèceycfkcfNldfkc.oed tcjè/wmft ̧ sYp/Ckì ::: 899 9:< ^ælk`f 6: hi 6>;

<>6% %& %? 2*?%'*. 9%? $%*'. 9% !?2%$=!;

I` gucke hi 6>68 Gfyræ` fc-Fdkrk, iuùoe iscfve i kcustri ejkokfc hic igërokte hi Fcdf`zer, i`trÿ i`

Fcdiräf, okuhfh hi cf qui mfbäf skhe f`tis èdbrfhe vfcä per ic vkoterkese liìrfc f÷` i` vkhf,

hirrkbÿ hic pehir fc ofuhkcce iscfve ceofc Fjtæ (e Fcfjkf) qui ce mfbäf usurpfhe hurf`ti ic bki`ke

i` ic qui Gfyræ` mfbäf skhe mflkb (prkdir dk`kstre) hic ofckjf Mkxid KK, i k`stfurÿ u` Rikè hi

Xfkjf k`hipi`hki`ti, k`kokf`he u`f itfpf hi sklce y dihke hurf`ti cf oufc istf okuhfh kbf f vkvkr

ces dedi`tes dæs brkccf`tis hi su mksterkf. Isti prelrfdf si rihfotf oe` cf k`tiòkÿ` hi qui skrvf

pfrf oe`diderfr ic dkci`frke hi fquic foe`tiokdki`te, idpcif`he cf prehuookÿ` hi fuhkevksufcis pfrf su oicibrfokÿ`.

Cf okuhfh hi Fcdiräf i` Xkidpes hi Gfkrf`7

Ouf`he Gfkræ` preocfdÿ Ic Rikè hi Xfkjf, Fcdiräf irf yf uè hi ces puirtes dæs kdpertf`tis

Hic Dihktirræìe, su jertfcizf (Cf Fcofzfbf, ccfdfhf f pfrtkr hi i`teòis Ic Ofstkcce e Offcf hi

Gfkræ`) irf rioeèokhf oede ofsk kìxpul`fbci, y oe`tfbf oe` dæs hi trik`tf dkc mfbktf`tis,

pebcfokÿ` peoe usufc i` Cf ëpeof. _u prespirkhfh ioe`ÿdkof irf icivfhf, su `kvic oucturfc y

seokfc duy fcte, y su pehir dkcktfr kdpertf`ti, bfsfhe sebri tehe i` cf jcetf qui ftrfofbf i` su puirte, ce qui sklukÿ eourrki`he hurf`ti cf hedk`fokÿ` fcderævkhi, hurf`ti cf oufc oe`tkùÿ

oe`trecf`he cf `fvilfokÿ` per ic Dihktirræìe, oeèokë`hesi cf ixkstiòkf hi ixpihkokeìs

dkcktfris f Oe`stf`tkèpcf, ofpktfc hic kdpirke bkzf`tkè, y f cfs oestfs hi Frfbkf. Kòcuse i` ic

pirkehe fcdemfhi, f pisfr hi su ivkhi`ti hiofhiòkf, ic puirte sklukÿ ti`ki`he u`f fotkvkhfh

skl`kjkoftkvf, tf`te dkcktfr oede oedirokfc, i` oudpckdki`te hi su juòkÿ` hi puirtf hi Erki`ti.

@e ebstf`ti, Gfkræ` kbf f digerfr isf sktufokÿ`, qui ccilfräf f su dæxkde ispci`her bfge Ic

rik`fhe hi Cf hk`fstäf _udfhkm, hurf`ti ofsk tehf Cf silu`hf dktfh Hic sklce ]K (6>88-6>;6).

Rijkrkë`hesi sebri tehe f isti pirkehe, ic k`sklì mksterkfher y liÿlrfje Kb` Gfch÷` isorkbkÿ i` ic

sklce ]KZ u`f ebrf oe` ic tätuce skl`kjkoftkve hi –Cf supirkerkhfh hi Fcdiräf i`tri tehes ces

tirrkterkes F`hfcusäis—.

K@JERDFOKE@ OERXI_KF7 ^CFXFJERDF HIC DKCI@KE HIC RIK@E HI

FCDIRKF [ F_EOKFOKE@ FDKLE_ HIC RIK@E HI FCDIRKF, FC OYFC E_

FOE@_IGFDE_ ^FRXKOK^FR OEDE ERLF@KWFOKE@I_ [ OKYHFHF@E_




dfèceycfkcfNldfkc.oed tcjè/wmft ̧ sYp/Ckì ::: 899 9:< ^ælk`f 6= hi 6>;

Fcdiräf ic rikè hi Xfkjf dfs kdpertf`ti…—ouf`he Fcdiräf irf Fcdiräf, Lrf`fhf irf su

Fcquiräf—CF BF_I HEOYDI@XFC HI I_XI ^RELRFDF MF _KHE Ê_KBCI LRFOKF_ F

CF_ FÊRXFOKE@I_ HI ÎR_E@F_ [ OECIOXKZE_, ID^CIF@HE I@XRI

EXRE_ OF@FCI_ K@XIR@IX. I_ÎOKFC FLRFHIOKDKI@XE [ FÊRXFOKE@ MF

_KHE IC LRYÊ OEDE CF_ ÎR_E@F_ ^FRXKOK^F@XI_7

mttps7//www.jfoibeea.oed/lreups/6<?<<2=;2:?9>8</





L. Hkju`hkr f Frtkstfs F`hfcuois oede ricfoke`fhes oe` ic cilfhe F`hfcusä, cf

ductkoucturfckhfh y cf hkvirskhfh.

M. ̂ redeoke`fr cf D÷skoe-Xirfpkf.

K. Hkju`hkr cf rifckhfh i mksterkf seokeoucturfc fcdirki`si, f`hfcuzf y hic cilfhe f`hfcusä i

k`tir`foke`fc.

G. Oeèoir y hkju`hkr i`tri ces fcdirki`sis, F`hfcuois, F`hfcusäis y ic du`he ùistrf

mksterkf

A. Fjkf`zfr cfs rfäois, si`tkdki`te hi khi`tkhfh y pirtiìòkf hi ces Fcdirki`sis, F`hfcuois y

F`hfcusäis oede hi istfr vkòucfhes f istf tkirrf oede f he`hi dklrfre` y f ces lrupe

mudfè qui cf mf mfbktfhe y mfbktf` f ce cfrle hi ces sklces, kòcukhes ces qui idklrfre`,

k`dklrfre`, tedfre` ic ofdkè hi cf hkæsperf y cf juskÿ` oe` etres pfäsis y sus oucturfs

C. Hkju`hkr hi`tre y juirf hi ùistrf prevkòkf, tf`te f `kvic `foke`fc oede k`tir`foke`fc ic

dkci`ke hic rikè hi Fcdiräf, ic cilfhe F`hfcusä y cf mksterkf hi Fcdiräf y ces Fcdirki`sis,

mfstf cf fotufckhfh, kòcuyi`he ces fcdirki`sis dklrfhes i k`dklrfhes.

D. Oe`seckhfr ic rkoe pftrkde`ke hi fquiccf ëpeof, oe`vkrtkë`hece i` riourses pirdfì`tis hi

turksde oucturfc

@. Kòerperfr ces riourses oucturfcis y pftrkde`kfcis, diòke`fhes i` f`tirkeris pu`tes, pfrf

kdpucsfr ic turksde oucturfc y ioe`ÿdkoe i` Fcdiräf, hkju`hki`he cf rkquäskdf ejirtf qui

puihi mfoirsi i` istes ofdpes oede oedpcidi`te f cf trfhkoke`fc hi sec y pcfyf, y fc

ftrfotkve hi cf sk`lucfrkhfh hi ùistres ispfokes `fturfcis.

E. ̂ redeoke`fr u` ^cf` K`tilrfc hi Xurksde Ceofc y hic cilfhe F`hfcusä, oede peskbcis u

fotufcis pcfìs hi hisfrrecce ioe`ÿdkoes sesti`kbcis.

^. ̂ redeoke`fr cf ihuookÿ`, oucturf, frtis y hibftis

V. Hkju`hkr cf hkjuskÿ` hi cf Hkvuclfokÿ`, ispiotæouces y hipertis, ihuofokÿ`, oedu`kofokÿ`,

turksde y ioeèdäf ricfoke`fhe oe` ces ebgitkves liìrfcis





R. Liìrfr cf dfrof Fcdiräf y Ispföf, i` su skl`kjkofhe hi cilfhe y fotufckhfh f`hfcusä i

k`tir`foke`fc per cfs dklrfokeìs y ricfokeìs i`tri istfhes y puibces, mkstÿrkoe, oucturfc,

frtästkoe, turästkoe, hisfrrecce seokeioe`ÿdkoe sesti`kbcis, vfceris y fptktuhis (tecirfòkf,

rispite, pi s̀fdki`te y hibfti orktkoe rfoke`fc, seckhfrkhfh, ito..), i kòcuskvkhfh seokfc

(histk`ftfrkes hi ces prelrfdfs seokfcis, i` ispiokfc pirse`fs oe` hksofpfokhfh, trfsterès,

oe` trftfdki`tes dëhkoes, i` vucìrfbkckhfh seokfc, dkèräfs ët`kofs y `foke`fcis,

ductkoucturfckhfh, pcurkricklkeskhfh…)

_. Liìrfr u` devkdki`te hi ripfrfokÿ`, rioupirfokÿ` y rivktfckzfokÿ` hic cilfhe f`hfcusä, su

hisoi`hiòkf y distkzfgi, oede oe` cf ductkoucturfckhfh (i` cf cäìf hi cf ripfrfokÿ`

mkstÿrkof qui ic lebkirè ispföec cefbcidi`ti istf rifckzf`he oe` ces sijfrhäis, rioupirf`he

su `foke`fckhfh ispföecf, oede etrfs k`kokftkvfs qui istf tedf`he ic istfhe ispföec y etres

istfhes oede k`stktuokeìs k`tir`foke`fcis)

X. Fpeyfr cf hkvirskhfh y cf klufchfh, oede cf Hideorfokf y ckbirtfhis.

Y. Cuomfr oe`trf cf hksorkdk`fokÿ`, prigukokes, istirietkpes, tÿpkoes y priviòkÿ` oede

dihkfokÿ` hi petiòkfcis oe`jckotes.

Z. Hfr ^retiookÿ`, Rioupirfokÿ` y Ristfurfokÿ` hic pftrkde`ke frquiecÿlkoe, mkstÿrkoe,

pftrkde`kfc, ic dihke fdbki`tfc y oucturfc. Ce oufc hf u` vfcer föfhkhe pfrf cf okuhfh oede

pfrf ic turksde y etres sioteris, fhidæs hi rièvfr cf pirse`fckhfhis khkeskòrfskf

Fcdirki`si, i` u`f ùive dehice okuhfhfè tetfcdi`ti kòcuskve.

\. Liìrfr Idpcie (tf`te per oui`tf prepkf y fgi`f) hi riskhi`tis e previ`ki`tis hic ofsoe

mkstÿrkoe, oede liìrfr ùives yfokdki`tes hi idpcie i` istf ze`f. Jfokcktfr k`virskeìs,kòi`tkves, fyuhfs, ito... Rispiote f iste. Fpeyfr cf kòcuskÿ` seoke cfberfc y rihuokr cf

vucìrfbkckhfh ioeèdkofseokfc.

]. êtiòkfr cf Ihuofokÿ` Oedu`ktfrkf, cf oe`vkviòkf, cf ductkoucturfckhfh i

k`tiroucturfckhfh, pfrf cf oemiskÿ` seokehidelræjkof hi cf okuhfh y sus viokès, oede

vksktf`tis.

[. Etres ebgitkves foerhis f ces ebgitkves liìrfcis pcf`tifhes





%" 2%(.9.?.3=! Ces prepkes hi cf diteheceläf pfrtkokpftkvf y hi cfs k`tirviòkeìs hi cf pskoeceläf oedu`ktfrkf

y cf pskoepihfleläf, fhfptfhes f cf oe`siouokÿ` hi ces ebgitkves pcf`tifhes, i` cfs hkjiri`tis

ærifs hi k`tirviòkÿ` y sus fotufokeìs oede fookeìs.

Yè hi ces jfoteris prebcidætkoes qui ès vfdes f iòe`trfr vf f sir cfs bfrrirfs,

prebcidætkofs, jfctf hi vfcerfokÿ` f cf oucturf y ihuofokÿ` jerdfc, melfris peoe detkvf`tis,

oede i` ic melfr oede i` cfs ricfokeìs seokfcis is oed÷` cf vkeciòkf virbfc e kdpucskvkhfh.

Riqukrki`he u`f k`tirviòkÿ` i` ic i`terè jfdkckfr y viok`fc, oede fhfptfr cfs fotkvkhfhis pfrf

qui sif` detkvf`tis, oede puihi sir qui fpri`hf` f trfvës hic guile, hic of`ti y cf d÷skof,

ito…

Duomfs fotkvkhfhis pcf`tifhfs, si mfræ` oe` ces pfhris, jfdkckfris u etrfs pirse`fs ricivf`tis y

sif` u` bui` dehice. Fsä siræ` fotkvkhfhis oe` su oe`tixte jfdkckfr y seokfc.

K`jerdf`he, jerdf`he, kdpckof`he, pfrtkokpf`he y oecfberf`he oe` isti oe`tixte, pfrf qui sif`

trfbfges oe`gu`tfs hi fcudès oe` icces, oede fotkvkhfhis he`hi puihf` pfrtkokpfr istes e

foedpföi` f istfs dièris i` cf fotkvkhfh oeòritfs.

_i busofrf qui su oe`tixte jfdkckfr-seokfc ci fyuhi i` ofsf, i` vksktfs lukfhfs tfdbkë` puihf`

vi`kr u`f pirse`f hi su oe`tixte jfdkckfr-seokfc. I` fotkvkhfhis k`jerdftkvfs vi`lf` dehices

pesktkves e pirse`fs ixpirkdi`tfhfs (oe` pcf`tifdki`tes rifckstfs y pesktkves) hi isi oe`tixte.

Xfdbkë` si busofrf cf pfrtkokpfokÿ` vecu`tfrkf hi istes i` cfs fotkvkhfhis oede hi i`tkhfhis y

pirse`fs oeèoiheris hi ces tidfs y fotkvkhfhis pcf`tifhfs) pfrf qui fot÷i` hi dihkfheris y

de`kteris (si cis jerdfräf pfrf isti pfpic pfrtkokpftkve, sir dehices hi fpri`hkzfgi, jerdfokÿ` pfrf i`siöfr y mfbkckhfhis, oede oedpitiòkfs qui riqukiri iste, fhidæs trfbfgfräf`

oeerhk`fhes oe` ces de`kteris y ces fli`tis k`tirvk`ki`tis).

Is isiòkfc ic trfbfge oe` ces pfhris, ic oe`tixte jfdkckfr y seokfc dæs oirofè.

Mfbræ qui oe`skhirfr u`f sirki hi fookeìs oedpcidi`tfrkfs, fhidæs hi cf Isouicfs hi pfhris

oede cf trf`svirsfckhfh i` okirtfs fotkvkhfhis7





Fheptf`he y fhfptf`he cfs Diteheceläfs hi cf Ihuofokÿ` Ckbirfherf i` cf Jerdfoke`7

IHYOFOKE@ BF@OFRKF IHYOFOKE@ CKBIRFHERF

_i oe`skhirf fc ihuof`he oede u`

rioiptæouce hi oeèokdki`te

Ihuofher y ihuof`he si i`jri`tf` gu`tes

fc fote hi oeèoir.

Ic ihuofher kdpeì cfs rilcfs hic guile i

kdpeì su oeòipokÿ` fc ihuof`he, y hi

istf dfìrf ixprisf u`f ricfokÿ` skdkcfri`tri epriser y eprkdkhe i` cf rifckhfh

seokfc.

I`siöf`zf ‟ fpri`hkzfgi. Ixpeskokÿ ̀

hkfcelfhf

Cf juòkÿ` hic ihuof`he is fhfptfrsi fc

erhi` istfbciokhe, qui si prehuoi f trfvës

hi u` preoise qui ickdk`f cf oriftkvkhfh , cf

oeòkiòkf orätkof, kdpkhkë`heci ic hkæcele.

@fhki ihuof f `fhki, y `fhki si ihuof f sä

dksde. Ic medbri si ihuof dihkftkzfhe

per cf seokihfh e ic du`he.

K`vfskÿ` oucturfc. _i utkckzf ic hkæcele, f trfvës hi cf pfcfbrf.

Rijcixkÿ` ‟ fookÿ` è puihi` kr gu`tes,

pire si ricfoke`f`.

Ic ihuofher jedi`tf cf oriftkvkhfh y cf

oeòkiòkf orätkof i` ic ihuof`he

_ä`tisks oucturfc

Zfdes silukr is f trfvës hi u` preoise pfrtkokpftkve, k`tirfotkve, pre-oe`vkviòkf i kòcuskve. Is

hiokr f trfvës hi pfses suoiskves oedbk`fr cf fookÿ`, tieräf, prfotkof, vkhf, khkeskòrfskfs y

okrou`stfòkfs hi cfs erlf`kzfokeìs, lrupes, oeciotkves i k`hkvkhues pfrtkokpf`tis e qui cis

puihf` fpertfr, oedbk`f`he ce jerdfc oe` ce k`jerdfc y fhfptf`he ces tkidpes, detkvfokeìs y





ispfokes f cf oedu`kofokÿ` merkze`tfc y ihuoftkvf i`tri icces y rispe`sfbcis e pfrtkokpf`tis hic

preyiote.

4" 9%&(*'!(!$*.&! K`dklrf`tis y dkèräfs ët`kofs (lktfès)

! Ziokès hi bfrrkes pepucfris e z.`.t.s. (ze`fs oe` ìoiskhfh hi trf`sjerdfokÿ` seokfc)

! îrse`fs hic Ofsoe Mkstÿrkoe hi Fcdiräf (kòcukhf cf Omfòf)

! Jcfdiòes! îrse`fs, erlf`kzfokeìs y i`tkhfhis pfrf trfbfgfr i` rih, oecfberfr e pfrtkokpfr

! Dugiris

! Gÿviìs y dièris

! îrse`fs dfyeris

! Xrfbfgfheris, i` ispiokfc, ces qui istæ` i` sktufokÿ` hi priofrkihfh e hisidpcifhes

! Istuhkf`tis, prejiseris i k`vistklfheris

! Y`kvirskhfhis! Zecu`tfrkes jäskoes e/y vkrtufcis

! Devkdki`tes frtästkoes-oucturfcis y orifheris

! Xigkhe fseokftkve, rihis seokfcis k`jerdfcis y ic ?ir sioter

! ^rejiske`fcis y i`tkhfhis qui trfbfgf` oe` ùistres histk`ftfrkes

! îrse`fcis, oeciotkves y erlf`kzfokeìs oe` detkvfokeìs seokfcis y oucturfcis

! Oeciotkves i` rkisle/ sktufokÿ` hi ixocuskÿ` seokfc

! êbcfokÿ` Fcdirki`si, F`hfcuzf y F`hfcusäis (tf`te fsoi`hki`tis oede hisoi`hki`tis)

! Cf seokihfh i` liìrfc

! @uistres pftreok`fheris y oecfberfheris

! Etres ricfoke`fhes oe` ces ebgitkves pcf`tifhes y cf jk`fckhfh hic prelrfdf.




dfèceycfkcfNldfkc.oed tcjè/wmft ̧ sYp/Ckì ::: 899 9:< ^ælk`f 2< hi 6>;

Rifckzfhes per frtkstfs ceofcis e f`hfcuois, oede per fcudès hi oi`tres ihuoftkves, rilcfhes y

è rilcfhes, ouyf jerdfokÿ` i` ejkokes frtästkoes si oerrispe`hi fc ebgitkve ixprisfhe, fsä

pfrtkokpfräf` fcudès hi cfs isouicfs hi frtis, tfcciris, dÿhuces jerdftkves, ito... F ces oufcis

oede rijuirze hi su trfbfge, hi orifr pkizfs hi dusie fc fkri ckbri i` ces ispfokes p÷bckoes hi tehe

ic ofsoe mkstÿrkoe, si cis pflfräf i` ispiokis oe` dftirkfc frtästkoe pfrf oe`sudkr ùives trfbfges

per su oui`tf y f biìjkoke suye.

KK. !)(6!)*.' 6$-!'*&(*)! %' %? #!($*2.'*. 9%?

)!&). O*&(.$*).H I` Ispiokfc Hishi Cf Fcdihk`f Mfstf Cf Omfòf [

Bfrrkes Oeck`hf`tis (Ce Vui Irf Cf F`tkluf Okuhfh F`hfcusä Hi Fcdiräf [

Ixtrfdures)7

• Futerkzfokÿ` pfrf qui i` cfs ofccis pifte`fcis, sus viokès puihf` rifckzfr fotkvkhfhis

ioe`ÿdkofs, seokfcis y oucturfcis, hishi ces trfhkoke`fcis oerrkcces hi viokès si`tfhes,

piquiöfs jkistfs jfdkckfris y pepucfris oede etrfs qui hiokhf` (oe` ic pirdkse hi sus viokès).

Ce oufc is u` vfcer föfhkhe hi rivktfckzfokÿ` hi cf oucturf fcdirki`si y ic turksde.

• Frrilce y df`ti`kdki`te hi cfs väfs pubckofs7

- Ckdpkizf hkfrkf y oe` dfquk`fs hi bfchifr y rioelkhf hi riskhues hi cf väf y ispfokes

p÷bckoes.

- Frrilce hi cfs tubiräfs hi cf ofcci Ocfrä` y ickdk`fokÿ` hic ofbcifhe fërie (ic oufc i` lrf`

pfrti tkiì picklre, fc istfr i` dfc istfhe, oeclf`he y dfs jfccfs hi silurkhfh) qui fhidæs is

f`tkistëtkoe. Fpreviomæ`hesi su k`stfcfokÿ` subtirræìf, pfrf surtkr hic riste hi sirvkokes

qui tkiì cf okuhfh, kòcukhes ces hi oedpföäfs hi k`tirìt, oede E@E.

- K`stfcfokÿ` i` cfs beofofccis he`hi mfyf trf`skte hi oeomis, hi Ispiges pfrf vksufckzfr

fdbfs ofccis y prëvi`kr fookhi`tis

• Devkckhfh y use hi cfs ofccis

- Rimfbkcktfokÿ` hi tehe ic Ofsoe Mkstÿrkoe y sus deùdi`tes, pfrf qui sif` tetfcdi`ti

fooiskbcis, ickdk`f`he tehe tkpe hi bfrrirfs frquktiotÿ`kofs.




dfèceycfkcfNldfkc.oed tcjè/wmft ̧ sYp/Ckì ::: 899 9:< ^ælk`f 2= hi 6>;

- îfte`fckzfokÿ` hi cfs ofcci, ofccigkccfs, ofcciguicfs y pcfzecitfs, i` ispiokfc, ces hi cf

Fcdihk`f, oede hi etres bfrrkes hic Ofsoe Mkstÿrkoe, tf`te use y hksjruti hi viokès y

vksktf`tis, higf`he ixocuskvfdi`ti ic istfoke`fdki`te tidperfc hi oeomis pfrf ofrlf y

hisofrlf hi vimäouces pfrtkoucfris hi viokès y trf`sperti hi pirse`fs e dirofòäfs.

K`stfcæ`hesi pkvetis jkges i` ofccis istriomfs y dÿvkcis, i` etres hi dfyer ispfoke, trf`skte e

kdpertfòkf pfrf cf oedu`kofokÿ` vkfc.

Hæ`hesici u` df`he f ces viokès per ofsf, fhidæs hi tiìrcfs cfs futerkhfhis pirtkì`tis pfrf

qui puihf` fooihir ces sirvkokes p÷bckoes.

Istes df`hes pfrf ces viokès ti`hræ` u` oÿhkle pirse`fckzfhe (hi`tre hi u` skstidf hi pkvetis"k`tickli`tis", oeìotfhes i` rih y i` u`f bfsi hi hftes, pfrf oe`trecfr, erhi`fr y vklkcfr su bui`

use), pfrf ces qui k`jrk`gf` e dfc usi` hic hiriome oeòihkhe i kòudpcf` su hibir oe`trfähe,

puihf` sir pi`fckzfhes oede oerrispe`hf.

Oihkë`hesi u`f pcfzf hi lfrfgi lrftuktf hi ces pfrak`l ixksti`tis e istfoke`fdki`te vklkcfhes hic

ERF, f ofhf ofsf fjiotfhf, per ces pirgukokes eofske`fhes y è higfrce ixocukhes hic bkiìstfr

oeciotkve.

Fsä qui ofhf ofsf ti`hræ he`hi istfoke`fr su vimäouce, pirdktki`he u`fs ofccis ckbris hi vimäoucesf deter y trf`spertis p÷bckoes qui si usi` rfoke`fcdi`ti, ski`he su hksjruti per ic viok`hfrke,

vkf`hf`tis, turkstfs, okockstfs...

- ^redeokÿ` hic use hi cfs deteokocitfs, okocedeteris, bkokocitfs oede hi etres ioecÿlkoes

pfrf pfsifr per ic ofsoe mkstÿrkoe oede pfrf hispcfzfrsi hi fccä e mfstf fccä oe` istes vimäouces.

Riutkckzfokÿ` hi ces pfrak`l ixksti`tis oede K`stfcfokÿ` i` ze`fs hi istes bfrrkes, fpfrofdki`tes

vklkcfhes cfs 28 merfs, pfrf ic istfoke`fdki`te tidperfc hi tehfs istfs petiòkfcis bkokocitfs,

deteokocitfs y okocedeteris.- Xrf`spertis Yrbfès7 qui secfdi`ti si pflui u` vkfgi, oe` cf peskbkckhfh hi trf`sberhe f

etrfs cäìfs pfrf hispcfzfrsi, oriæ`hesi u` bkcciti ioe`ÿdkoe oede tfrkjf pcf`f pfrf ces qui

vkfgi` mfoki`he trf`sberhe e è, f etres du`kokpkes hi cf prevkòkf, e sif ic si`tkhe k`virse.

Istf dihkhf is fpckofbci tfdbkë` f etres bfrrkes hi W@X_ e qui ti`lf` prebcidfs hi

idpebriokdki`te y ixocuskÿ` hi su pebcfokÿ`. Oede pfrf ces hisidpcifhes e trfbfgfheris i`

priofrke, si ci fpckqui cf dksdf dihkhf.




dfèceycfkcfNldfkc.oed tcjè/wmft ̧ sYp/Ckì ::: 899 9:< ^ælk`f 2; hi 6>;

Oriæ`hesi fhidæs beès ispiokfcis. Cfs tfrkjfs hic bkcciti siræ` duy rihuokhfs, oede i` cfs

ze`fs oe` dfyer trf`sberhe e subkhf hi pfsfgires, i` sus oirof`äfs si istfbcizof` fpfrofdki`te

lrftuktes y vklkcfhes pfrf istes vkfgires puihf` fpfrofr sus vimäouces hi deter e trfookÿ` mudf`f

(bkoks, ito…)

• Rimfbkcktfokÿ` y Rioupirfokÿ` hi ^cfzfs Idbcidætkofs hic Ofsoe Mkstÿrkoe7

Oe`tkùf`he oe` ic pu`te f`tirker hi cf rutf hic fluf, si rioupirfräf` tehfs cfs pcfzfs oede si mf

k`hkofhe, rioupirfokÿ` oede ispfoke pubckoe, ckbri hi oeomis u etres uses pfrtkoucfris,

rimfbkcktfokÿ` oede f`tklufdi`ti irf` e rioe`struookÿ` skluki`he ic dehice hic rikè hi Fcdiräf,

oe` cfs susehkomfs jui`tis, ebrfs frtästkofs oe`diderftkvfs, gfrhkìs, bfòes, ofomfrres, ze`fs hi guiles, ito..

I` ispiokfc si rioupirfräf cf pcfzf hi cf oftihrfc, pirdktki`he tf`te su use seokfc y ricklkese, oede

irf f`tklufdi`ti pfrf ces viokès hic bfrrke, okuhfhfès y turkstfs, rik`stfcæ`hesi e

rioe`struyi`he su jui`ti, bfòes y gfrhkìs, oede cf k`stfcfokÿ` hi fdpckfs k`jrfistruoturfs pfrf

ic guile hi bibis, dièris, gÿviìs y rifckzfokÿ` hi hipertis oe` pkizfs jkgfs k`stfcfhfs pfrf tfc

jk`, ickdk`f`he lrf` pfrti hic fcesfhe, ic oufc is detkve hi oe`stf`tis ofähfs y quigfs hi

vkf`hf`tis.• We`f \kjjk fbkirtf i` ic oe`gu`te deùdi`tfc hi cf Fcofzfbf, deùdi`tes mkstÿrkoes, pcfzfs

y pcfzecitfs, pfrquis y gfrhkìs. Istf ixpirkiòkf yf se` u` ëxkte i` Dickccf oede etrfs okuhfhis

ispföecfs. Fsä tf`tes viokès, vkf`hf`tis y turkstfs, pehræ` mfoir use hi k`tirìt, föfhki`he

ofckhfh hi vkhf, fooise pubckoe f cfs ùivfs tioèceläfs, vfcer föfhkhe fc turksde y fc bfrrke,

oede fudi`tfr cf seokfckzfokÿ` i` cf vkhf p÷bckof. Xfdbkë` si fpeyfrf i kòi`tkvfrf qui i` ces

ìleokes hi mesticiräf hi istes bfrrkes hic Ofsoe Mkstÿrkoe, kòcuyf` i`tri sus sirvkokes f sus

usufrkes, ze`fs \kjjk. • Futerkzfokÿ` ejkokfc, pfrf qui i` cfs ofccis pifte`fcis, sus viokès puihf` rifckzfr

fotkvkhfhis ioe`ÿdkofs, seokfcis y oucturfcis, hishi ces trfhkoke`fcis oerrkcces hi viokès

si`tfhes, piquiöfs jkistfs jfdkckfris y pepucfris oede etrfs qui hiokhf` (oe` ic pirdkse hi sus

viokès), fhidæs qui puihf` sir usfhfs pfrf cf vi`tf hi prehuotes qui rifckoi` istes viokès

(oe` su pirtkì`ti fhioufokÿ` f cfs èrdftkvfs hi sfcuh i mklkiì).

• Deùdi`tes7 k`tirviòkÿ` i` tehes ces deùdi`tes y ihkjkokes, ispiokfcdi`ti ces qui istæ`

i` dfyer fbf`heè oede picklre hi hisfpfrkokÿ` e ruk`f (kòcuyi`he ixprepkfokeìs sk fsä




dfèceycfkcfNldfkc.oed tcjè/wmft ̧ sYp/Ckì ::: 899 9:< ^ælk`f ?> hi 6>;

oerrispe`hkirf), oede is ic oe`gu`te deùdi`tfc hi cf fcofzfbf-oirre sf` Orkstÿbfc, cfs

durfccfs y terrieìs hi cf okuhfh, Ofdkè Zkige, ristes redfès y hi etrfs ëpeofs,

ihkjkofokeìs hi f`tklufs k`hustrkfs oede hic pfsfhe flrepioufrke hi Fcdiräf (Bfcsfs, Ofsfs

Muirtfs, Oertkges, Ofsfs iöerkfcis, of`fckzfokeìs hi flufs, ito...), ihkjkokes hi cf luirrf okvkc,

ihkjkokes mkstÿrkoes u etres (fu`qui istes si iòui`tri` juirf hic ofsoe mkstÿrkoe)

• " Ristes Frquiecÿlkoes7 k`vistklfokÿ` tiÿrkof-prfotkof y i` ic tirriè, pfrf è sece

heoudi`tfr y oe`sirvfr pkizfs iòe`trfhfs i` ces yfokdki`tes frquiecÿlkoes mfstf cf jiomf,

skè hfrces f oeèoir y vfcerfr. îre sebri sebri tehe, k`vistklfr ùives peskbcis yfokdki`tes

frquiecÿlkoes qui hi` f oeèoir ic pfsfhe y oe`sirvfrce, sk is hi k`tirës i kdpertfòkf, è sececfs pkizfs fccää iòe`trfhfs skè ic riste i` su tetfckhfh e pfrokfckhfh, i` he`hi si mfyf

iòe`trfhe e su trfscfhe f etre culfr pfrf su oe`sirvfokÿ`ÿ` y vksktf. _k ici iste frquiecÿlkoe is

hi kdpertfòkf ricftkvf, si oe`sirvi i` su sktke, fhiouf`he cf ùivf ebrf (i` ispiokfc cf

okdi`tfokÿ` hi cf ùivf vkvki`hf) pfrf è hföfr i` ce dfyer peskbci cf ixkstiòkf hi isti.

^remkbkokÿ` hi rifckzfokÿ` hi subtirræìes pfrf oeomirfs u etre tkpe hi use, i` ic ofsoe

mkstÿrkoe.

Hurf`ti ic pirkehe qui isti pfrfhf u`f ebrf per ixkstiòkf hi ristes frquiecÿlkoes y suk`vistklfokÿ` oede hiokskÿ` hi mfoir oe` isti, è si ci oe`tfbkckzfrf y si ci ti`hræ i` oui`tf oe`

u` kòi`tkve i` cf rihuookÿ` hi tfsfs du`kokpfcis hi ebrfs.

Istes rites si oubrkræ` oe` Orkstfcis hures, risksti`tis y trf`spfri`tis, pfrf su vkskÿ` pubckof,

oede pfìcis k`jerdftkves ixpckoftkves hi istes.

• " Zkvki`hfs trfhkoke`fcis7 Oe`tkùfokÿ` oe` cfs fyuhfs pfrf cf rimfbkcktfokÿ` hi vkvki`hfs i

k`vistklfokÿ` hi qukiìs se` prepkihfh cfs qui istæ` fbf`he`fhfs, pi`fckzæ`hesicis lrfvidi t̀i

sk se` pfrtkoucfris oe` lrf`his riourses, ri`tkstfs, ispioucfheris, k`debkckfrkfs, idprisfs,i`tkhfhis ricklkesfs...Ebcklæ`hesicis f qui cf ristfuri` y cf pe`lf i` fcqukcir seokfc. _k is hi

pirse`fs sk` ces riourses ìoisfrkes, y è ti`lf` dæs hi ? vkvki`hfs i` su prepkihfh, si ci

subviòke`frf pfrf qui cf rimfbkckti` y cf mfbkti` icces e fcl÷` jfdkckfr, hurf`ti u` pirkehe è

dièr hi 6> föes, ixoipte sk jfcciokirf` e idklrfrf` yf qui pfsfräf` f vkvkr u` jfdkckfr suye,

skè pfsfräf fc bfòe hi vkvki`hfs seokfcis pfrf ces viokès hi istes bfrrkes, qui è qukiri` krsi

hic bfrrke pire è iòui`trf` e è tkiì` riourses pfrf fcqukcfrsi u`f vkvki`hf. _k è tuvkirf

huiöe, pfsfräf futedætkofdi`ti f isti bfòe hi vkvki`hfs hi fcqukcir seokfc, y cfs futerkhfhis




dfèceycfkcfNldfkc.oed tcjè/wmft ̧ sYp/Ckì ::: 899 9:< ^ælk`f ?6 hi 6>;

oedpiti`tis cf ristfurfräf`. _k i` cf ristfurfokÿ` y frrilce hi cf vkvki`hf, mf` trfbfgfhe ces

k`qukckès pirtiìoki`tis f istf becsf hi vkvki`hfs hi fcqukcir seokfc, si ci hisoe`tfräf i` ic

fcqukcir, ti`ki`he f ces 6> föes, ic hiriome f oedprf, hisoe`tæ`hesici tf`te ic pfle hi fcqukcir

rifckzfhe i` hkìre e trfbfge oede hi frrilces qui mfyf miome i` cf ofsf (pire ùòf cf pe`hräf

vi`hir, skè pehräf` trfspfsfrcf f sus jfdkckfris hkriotes).

Ces frrilces i` cf vkvki`hf (oe`tkì`ti y oe`ti`khe), trfs oedu`kofokÿ`, tfrkjkofokÿ` y

virkjkofokÿ` per cfs futerkhfhis pirtkì`tis, si ti`hræ` i` oui`tf, pfrf su rihuookÿ` i` ic pfle hic

fcqukcir seokfc.

I` cf ivfcufokÿ` y _ilukdki`te hi cf becsf hi vkvki`hfs hi fcqukcir seokfc, istfræ` fccäriprisi`tfhes tehes ces lrupes pecätkoes du`kokpfcis oede etres fli`tis y tigkhe seokfc hi cfs

ze`fs he`hi si hisfrrecci`, ski`he fbkirtfs f cf fskstiòkf y pfrtkokpfokÿ` okuhfhf`f i` fsfdbcifs

di`sufcis qui si rifckoi`, fhidæs hi cf trf`spfriòkf tetfc hi istf.

• " Oe`struookÿ` hi u` f`jktiftre oede ces ixksti`tis i` ic rikè hi Fcdiräf

Oe`struookÿ` hi u` f`jktiftre i` ic pfrfgi hi cf Meyf, oeck`hf`ti fc f`tklue bfrrkÿ hi cfs îromfs y

i`tri _f` Orkstÿbfc y cf Fcofzfbf, fpreviomf`he cf lielrfjäf, lieceläf, ic pfksfgi, cf `fturfcizf, cf

seèrkhfh y ic istfr ubkofhe i` u` culfr prkvkcilkfhe.Ic oufc si idpcifräf pfrf cf rifckzfokÿ` hi fotkvkhfhis frtästkofs, duskofcis, seokfcis, oucturfcis,

ito… per ic tigkhe fseokftkve, frtästkoe, oucturfc, per oeciotkves duskofcis, guvi`kcis y etres,

fhidæs hi i`tkhfhis p÷bckofs e prkvfhfs qui qukirf` idpcifrce pfrf rifckzfr i` cfs fotkvkhfhis.

Oe`tfräf hi u` subtirræìe, he`hi istuvkirf` cfs tedfs hi iciotrkokhfh, fluf y fcdfoë`, oede hi

u` akesoe-bfr, pfrf qui puihf sir idpcifhe per ces erlf`kzfheris hi istes ivi`tes pfrf cf

futejk`fòkfokÿ` f trfvës hi cfs fotkvkhfhis qui fccä rifckoi`. Oede ic ispfoke sujkoki`ti, pfrf

oeceofokÿ` hi puistes, pfrf fotkvkhfhis oedpcidi`tfrkfs i` cf rifckzfokÿ` hi istfs fotkvkhfhis._irkf u` culfr fhioufhe y oe`tixtufckzfhe pfrf rifckzfokÿ` hi fotkvkhfhis fc fkri ckbri, i` cf

okuhfh y qui fpi`fs eofske`f` decistkfs, petiòkf`he ic use y hksjruti hic ofsoe mkstÿrkoe, oede

föfhkë`heci u` vfcer föfhkhe f isti.

• Oe`struookÿ` hi u` Oidi`tirke Dusucdæ` y Guhäe, skdkcfr f ces ixksti`tis i` ic rikè hi

Fcdiräf, f cfs fjuirfs hi cf puirtf y durfccf, i` jri`ti hic Deùdi`te f _f` Orkstÿbfc, i` ces

tirriès hi ixtrfdures, qui si ixtki`hi i` isf cedf, oede cedfs oeck`hf`tis, kòcukhfs hic

quidfhire.





F`ti cf jfctf y hidf`hf hi cfs oedu`khfhis dusucdf`fs y guhäfs, hi tiìr su oidi`tirke,

fhioufhe f su ricklkÿ`, oede hi cfs k`stfcfokeìs fhioufhfs, fccä si oe`strukräf.

Risecvki`he tf`te istf ìoiskhfh oede rivktfckzf`he cf ze`f, oede fpreviomfr u` culfr

oe`tixtufckzfhe y qui si eptkdkzfräf su biccizf i k`tirës pfksfgästkoe i mkstÿrkoe. Ic oufc si

pehräf vksktfr p÷bckofdi`ti, ixoipte ouf`he si usi pfrf ces jkìs oeòibkhes.

Hf`he u` vfcer föfhkhe oucturfc y turästkoe f istfs ze`fs, ic Ofsoe Mkstÿrkoe y cf Okuhfh hi

Fcdiräf.

• ^reyiote –Rutf hi cf Fcdiräf _ubtirræìf—7 hishi ces rijulkes hi cf luirrf okvkc mfstf ces hiëpeofs f`tirkeris qui tehfväf ixksti`, hisoubkirtes e si hisoubrf`, oede puihi` sir pfsfhkzes,

lrutfs, of`fckzfokeìs hi flufs, ouivfs u etres (duomes hi icces hi ces pirkehes hic rikè hi

Fcdiräf, Fc-Æ`hfcus y ces föes pestirkeris f su oe`qukstf per ces rikès hi Ofstkccf y

Frflÿ`. Oede pftrkde`ke ÷`koe i mkstÿrkoe hi cf okuhfh, hispuës hi su pestirker rimfbkcktfokÿ`,

istfræ` fbkirte f su vksktf p÷bckof.

Cfs oufcis istfräf` hi`tre hi cfs vksktfs, rutfs lukfhfs, fpirturf fc pubckoe, oede cf peskbkckhfh hi

rifckzfokÿ` hi fookeìs y fotkvkhfhis, fclu`fs hi iccfs oedi`tfrides i` pestirkeris pu`tes.Hf`he vfcer föfhkhe f cf oicibrfokÿ` hic Dkci`ke oede f cf Dfrof Fcdiräf, sktuf`he su rkoe

cilfhe subtirræìe, i`tri cfs isofsfs okuhfhis hic du`he qui ce pesii` y ce ixpcetf`

ixktesfdi`ti, ixkstki`he mfstf prelrfdfs hi ticivkskÿ` –Okuhfhis bfge tkirrf— qui ce idkti

k`tir`foke`fcdi`ti, i`trf`he Fcdiräf, oede cf prkdirf okuhfh Ispföecf hi`tre hi istfs lrf`his

okuhfhis bfge tkirrf.

mttp7//is.wkakpihkf.erl/wkak/OkuhfhisUeouctfs

^cf`kjkofokÿ` urbf`f ‟ Okuhfhis subtirræìfs i` oriokdki`te7 –I` tehe ic du`he, i` Xeake,

^fräs, Ædstirhfd y i` etres culfris, cfs okuhfhis istæ` ixpirkdi`tf`he oe` cf ixpf`skÿ`

subtirræìf. _k` idbfrle, ivfcufr ic petiòkfc hi ixpcetfr su subsuice is hkjäokc. Xf` hkjäokc qui

duomfs okuhfhis ce ivktf` per oedpcite. Fmerf, ces hisfrreccfheris hi okuhfh qui busof` u`f

luäf, puihi` riourrkr fc Dëtehe hi cf Okuhfh ^reju`hf QHiip Okty DitmehT, u` dfroe hi tedf

skstidætkof hi hiokskeìs hisfrreccfhf i` I^JC qui si mf fpckofhe rioki`tidi`ti i` ouftre




dfèceycfkcfNldfkc.oed tcjè/wmft ̧ sYp/Ckì ::: 899 9:< ^ælk`f ?? hi 6>;

okuhfhis hi _ukzf y i` ouftre hi cfs okuhfhis dæs lrf`his idirli`tis i` Omk`f.— Istæ tedf`he

jerdf ic juture, ¡jerdf subtirræìf!

mttp7//bkt`fvilf`ti.bcelspet.oed.is/2>6?/6>/pcf`kjkofoke`-urbf`f-okuhfhis-subtirrfìfs.mtdc

" Fookeìs y fotkvkhfhis pfrf cf Rioupirfokÿ` hi cf Diderkf Mkstÿrkof i K`trfmkstÿrkof,

pftrkde`ke k`dftirkfc hi cf okuhfh.

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I!6(.$*8!)*.'I)%&*+'I!?>6*?%$

%).'.2*).I#%$26(!)*+'H 9% 6&. #6-?*).

&.)*.)6?(6$!?H 9% )!&!& !'(*36!&, CF DF[ERKF HI 2

^CF@XF_ (F Istes Ihkjkokes _il÷` _u Yse _i Cis ê`hræ Ic @edbri Hi

îrse`fgis Hic Rikè Hi Fcdiräf, Ricfoke`fhe Oe` Istes Jkìs). Hetæ`hecis Hi

_kstidf Hi _ilurkhfh [ Fhfptæ`heces F _u Oeditkhe Oede @e Liìri` ^rebcidfs

Hi Rukhe E _uokihfh Fc Riste Hic Ziok`hfrke.

Oe`sirvæ`hesi ces ristes frquiecÿlkoes qui si iòui`trf`, ckdpkæ`hesi y mfoki`he su

oerrispe`hki`ti istuhke frquiecÿlkoe, k`stfcæ`hesi iòkdf u` pfìc hi orkstfc seckhe y

trf`spfri`ti, pfrf su vkstf fc p÷bckoe, oede ces ixksti`tis i` ic Oi`tre –cfs Omfjfrk`fs—.

- Rimfbkcktfokÿ` y rifhioufokÿ` hi istfs vkvki`hfs, pfrf cf k`stfcfokÿ` hi istfs hi oi`tres hi häf,

ic oi`tre prevkòkfc hi hrelehipi`hki`tis (O.^.H.), Ofsfs hi Foelkhf, Oi`tres hi dfyeris,

Fseokfokeìs y oi`tres hi k`tirviòkÿ`7 oe` pirse`fs hipi`hki`tis, texkoÿdf`fs (skluki`he ic

dehice hi –preyiote hi Medbri— k`tilrfhe i` ic bfrrke), oe` hksofpfokhfh, oe` trfsterès hi cf

pirse`fckhfh, oe` i`jirdihfhis u etrfs hic tigkhe fseokftkve e ftiòkÿ` hi oeciotkves oe`

prebcidfs dëhkoes e pskoeseokfcis.





- Rimfbkcktfokÿ` per i`tkhfhis prkvfhfs hi istfs vkvki`hfs idbcidætkofs, duomfs i` istfhe hi

fbf`heè e hisfpfrkokÿ`, pfrf cf k`stfcfokÿ` hi ìleokes hi Xurksde, Mespihfgi, Mesticiräfs,

Oedirokfcis, îquiöfs k`hustrkfs, Frtisfès u etres qui fperti` vfcer fc ofsoe mkstÿrkoe, cf

oicibrfokÿ` hic dkci`ke y sif` yfokdki`tes hi idpcies pfrf ces viokès hic ofsoe mkstÿrkoe.

- Riubkofokÿ` hi cf –Fcckfòi Jrf`ìfks— oede etres oi`tres ejkokfcis hi i`siöf`zf hi khkedfs hi

hkstk`tes istfhes pfrf jerdfokÿ` hi su ci`luf y oucturf. Fsä si oe`tfotfräf oe` sus

oerrispe`hki`tis k`stktuokeìs ejkokfcis, pfrf cf jerdfokÿ` hi K`lcis, fcidæ`, jrfòës, Ærfbi,

Ruse, Omkè. Oede hi ci`lufs oeejkokfcis ispföecis1 Zfsoe, Oftfcæ`…Mfbräf sfcfs pfrf qui

rifckzfrf` fotkvkhfhis hi hkjuskÿ` oucturfc y oedpcidi`tfrkfs

- Riubkofokÿ` hi Oe`sucfhes y Idbfgfhfs, per cf oedpeskokÿ` hidelræjkof ductkoucturfc hi

Fcdiräf oede se`7 Dfrrequäis, Rudfès, K`lcisis, Jrfòisis, Fcidfìs, Omkès,

Ioufterkfès, Frli`tkès, Oecedbkfès, Ruses, hic Æjrkof _ubsfmfrkf`f u etres. Oede ces qui

si ti`lf u`f ricfokÿ` oedirokfc oe`skhirfbci e si qukirf petiòkfc.

- K`stfcfokeìs y uses fhdk`kstrftkves hi cfs k`stktuokeìs ceofcis, prevkòkfcis y fute`ÿdkofs.

- Dusie hi ces Ofr`fvfcis (skluki`he ic dehice hic dusie hi cf Luktfrrf) oe` su bkbcketiof-

dihkftiof sebri ces ofr`fvfcis i` Fcdiräf, oede Ceofcis pfrf cfs flrupfokeìs ofr`fvfcirfs

hi ces bfrrkes hic Ofsoe Mkstÿrkoe. _i ubkofräf i` ic bfrrke hi cf Omfòf, qui is he`hi si

prisirvf y df`tkiì bui`f sfcuh ic Ofr`fvfc qui sk` ëc yf mubkirf hisfpfriokhe.

- Riubkofokÿ` y rimfbkcktfokÿ` pfrf cf k`stfcfokÿ` hi fseokfokeìs oucturfcis qui mfoi`

fotkvkhfhis duskofcis u frtästkofs oede jerdftkvfs e ocubs, oede se` i`tri iccfs, Fseokfokÿ`

Gfzz y D÷skof ocæskof (oede per igidpce Ocfskgfzz), piöfs jcfdiòfs, u etrfs qui tfdbkë`

rifckzf` omfrcfs y etrfs fotkvkhfhis seokeoucturfcis, oede per igidpce is ^rehuookeìs

–Ejkok`f—, –cf Lufgkrf— u etrfs tf`te ixksti`tis e si liìri` per ces viokès hic ofsoe

mkstÿrkoe.

- Ju`hfokeìs seokeoucturfcis pfrf qui rifckoi` hi jerdf pirdfì`ti y istfbci hurf`ti ic föe

fotkvkhfhis.

- Rioe`virskÿ` y rimfbkcktfokÿ` pfrf utkckzfokÿ` frtästkof7




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Cf frquktioturf hi pfksfgis si mf vi`khe i`jeof`he ÷ctkdfdi`ti i` ces gfrhkìs urbfès y

hkjiri`tis ispfokes virhis pfrf fyuhfr f dktklfr ces ijiotes hi cf pecuokÿ` i` cfs okuhfhis, u`f

ti`hiòkf qui puihi fyuhfr f ixpf`hkr ic hksiöe hi besquis hi fckdi`tes oe` ic jk` hi

fckdi`tfr cf orioki`ti pebcfokÿ` i` cfs okuhfhis.

I` hkjiri`tis pfrtis hic du`he, ixti`sfs ze`fs hi tkirrf istæ` sk` usfr y, sil÷` cf epk`kÿ` hi

duomes, is perqui istf is kùtkckzfbci. îre iste è hituve fc pirdfoucturkstf Liejj Cfwte` i`

cf icfberfokÿ` hi u`f diteheceläf skdpci per dihke hi cf oufc cf tkirrf hilrfhfhf puihi sir

oe`virtkhf i` u` besqui. Ëc vkfgÿ f Gerhæ`, uè hi ces culfris dæs bfges hic du`he, oe` u`

sfcfhe hiskirte, y ce oe`vkrtkÿ i` u` prehuotkve besqui hi fckdi`tes.

Iste liìrf duomfs prilu`tfs sebri sk ces pfäsis oe` oe`hkokeìs ockdætkofs skdkcfris hibi`

previir tirriès pfrf cf orifokÿ` hi besquis hi fckdi`tes pfrf fckdi`tfr f sus pebcfokeìs i`

culfr hi kdpertfr oedkhf f lrf` isofcf. Iste tfdbkë` liìrf prilu`tfs sebri ouæ`tes fckdi`tes

prehuokræ u` besqui y sk cfs lf`fòkfs hi istes supirfræ` ces oestes hi etres preyiotes (oede ces

k`debkckfrkes) qui puihi` fpckofrsi i` isti tkpe hi tirriès.

Ces besquis hi fckdi`tes pehräf` sir priourseris hi u` riterè f u` istkce hi vkhf tkpe flrepecks,

u` skstidf qui previi silurkhfh fckdi`tfrkf oe` priokes bfges, dk`kdkzf`he cf hkstfòkf qui

rioerri` ces fckdi`tes y rihuoki`he cf muiccf hi ofrbeè hi tehe su preoise hi prehuookÿ`.

Y` ùive preyiote i` _ifttci, Istfhes Y`khes, mf hidestrfhe qui ces besquis hi fckdi`tes

puihi` sir orifhes f lrf` isofcf. Y` pfrqui p÷bckoe hi < foris i` ic viok`hfrke hi Bifoe` Mkcc,

si mf oe`virtkhe i` ic prkdir besqui hi fckdi`tes qui istæ ckste pfrf istfbcioirsi i` ic pfäs. I`

isti tirriè si pcf`tfræ` oi`ti`fris hi fckdi`tes hkjiri`tis, tehes hkspe`kbcis pfrf ic oe`sude

p÷bckoe.





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Cfs k`kokftkvfs y preyiotes rifckzfhes i` ic Ofsoe Mkstÿrkoe, siræ` u` i`sfye pkcete pfrf

ixti`hirce fc riste hi bfrrkes pepucfris oede oe` oeciotkves i` vucìrfbkckhfh, rkisle e sktufokÿ`

hi ixocuskÿ` seokfc, hisvi`tfgf seokfc, dkèräfs, k`dklrf`tis, dugiris, pirse`fs dfyeris,

hisidpcifhes, priofrkzfhes, idpebriokhes y ito…

_i hibiræ mfoir u` pcf` k`tilrfc hi k`tirviòkÿ` oedu`ktfrkf, bfsfhf i` cf pfrtkokpfokÿ` hkriotf

viok`fc, oede hic tigkhe fseokftkve, frtästkoe, idprisfrkfc i k`stktuoke`fc, hi cfs ze`fs oede ces

qui ti`lf` k`kokftkvfs. Fhidæs hi df`ti`kdki`tes hi ces puistes hi trfbfges ixksti`tis oede cf

orifokÿ` hi ùives oe` hisidpcifhes y priofrkes hi cf ze`f oede hi fseokfokeìs hi

hisidpcifhes, viok`fcis, seokeoucturfcis y ito.. pfrf sir tf`te oe`trftfhes i` idprisfs

du`kokpfcis oe` jerdf gurähkof hi oeepirftkvf, tfcciris hi idpcie, isouicfs hi idpcie y etrfs

jerdfs hi jerdfokÿ` y trfbfge, ouyf oe`trftfokÿ` sif` puistes hi trfbfge hi ofckhfh, fhidæs hi

jerdfokÿ` biofhf.

Fhidæs si kòi`tkvfræ cfs k`kokftkvfs idpri`hiherfs, i` ispiokfc, cfs hi ofræotir seokfc y hic

tiroir sioter, hi ces viokès, tigkhe fseokftkve y fseokfokeìs hi hisidpcifhes oede etrfs

ricfoke`fhfs oe` ces ebgitkves pirsilukhes.

Hf` fpeye jk`fòkire, i` cf rihuookÿ` e oe`hi`fokÿ` hi kdpuistes e qui istes ouf`he pfsi` 2

föes (qui is ic pirkehe hi ëxkte e jrfofse hi u` idpri`hkdki`te), ce pflui` i` pcfzes fooiskbcis

ces kdpuistes hibkhes. Oede cf oeòiskÿ` hi orëhktes bcf`hes, dkoreorëhktes e orëhktes f je`hes

pirhkhes, oede qui riokbf` subviòkeìs i kòi`tkves pfrf cf orifokÿ` y df`ti`kdki`te hic

idpri`hkdki`te.

• K`stfcfokÿ`ÿ` e Rifhioufokÿ`, oeòiskÿ` y futerkzfokÿ` hi Omkrk`luktes y Vukesoes (

rili`tfhes per jfdkckfs sk` riourses viok`fs hic Ofsoe Mkstÿrkoe, per oeòiskeìs du`kokpfcis

mfstf qui su sktufokÿ` seokeioe`ÿdkof sif cf dfs fhioufhf, trfspfsæ`hesi f etrf ofpfoktfhf

pfrf ccivfrce oede ìoisktfhf) he`hi puihf` ejrioir sirvkokes hi mesticiräf y vi`tf fc pubckoe

,tf`te i` istes pfrquis, pcfzfs, ic ^FRVYI ÎRKYRBF@E y urbfè prepuiste, oede i` etres





• Luäfs Oucturfcis7

_i cis jerdfrf oede luäfs pfrf i`siöfr tf`te ic ofsoe mkstÿrkoe, su mksterkf i k`trfmksterkf,

f`ëohetfs, su pftrkde`ke dftirkfc (ofsfs, ouivfs, deùdi`tes, ito...) i k`dftirkfc

_i cis jerdfräf tfdbkë` i` èokeìs bæskofs hi frquieceläf, lielrfjäf mudf`f, f`trepeceläf y

etrfs ricfoke`fhfs

Xfdbkë` i`trfräf` i` cfs vksktfs lukfhfs, qui luäi` i` vksktfs fc puirte y duicc i pisquire hi

Fcdiräf, rijulkes, ofstkcce hi sf` Xicde, ristes hi cfs f`tklufs durfccfs hi Fcdiräf, oirre sf`

Orkstÿbfc, fcofzfbf, ito...

_i rifckzfrf` u`f sirki hi tfcciris oe` i`tkhfhis y fseokfokeìs ricfoke`fhfs oe` ic turksde, ic

dihke fdbki`ti, cf oucturf i mksterkf, pirse`fs oeèoiherfs hi cf ze`f (oeèoiheris hi cf

mksterkf, k`trfmksterkf, dihke fdbki`ti, pfrfgis, ciyi`hfs, oestudbris...ito...) _irkf u`f

jerdfokÿ` tf`te f u` `kvic liìrfc oede ispiokjkoe f Fcdiräf y cf ze`f.

He`hi pfrtkokpfräf` cfs ocfsis hi khkedfs hi ces oi`tres, oi`tres hi jerdfokÿ` i` ci`luf

ixtrf`girf, Fcckfòi jrf`ìfks oede etrfs.

Istf jerdfokÿ` si hfräf tfdbkë` f ces fcudès hi ces ourses hic prelrfdf fkri, oede riokocfgi

hi gÿviìs qui mf` rifckzfhe ourses hi k`lcis, tf`te i` cf ihuofokÿ` jerdfc i k`jerdfc.

_irf u` fspiote kdpertf`täskde ic oeèokdki`te y cf prfotkof hi khkedfs pfrf cf ftiòkÿ` f

turkstfs i` ic tfccir, i` ispiokfc ic k`lcis, fcidæ`, ærfbi y jrfòës, qui se` ces khkedfs qui

mfbcf` hi jerdf liìrfc cf dfyeräf hi turkstfs, oede khkedf hi oedu`kofokÿ` pui`ti.

_i trfbfgfräf oe` icces tfdbkë` i` mfbkckhfhis seokfcis, oedu`koftkvfs, oel`ktkves-oe`huotufcis,oede hk`ædkofs hi lrupes, fotktuhis y fptktuhis pfrf rifckzfr istfs tfrifs, fhidæs hi tëo`kofs hi

ftiòkÿ` fc p÷bckoe, turkstfs oede etrfs ricfoke`fhfs.

Xfdbkë` si cis jerdfräf i` hksiöes hi rioerrkhes tidætkoes e fhfptfhes fc p÷bckoe qui luäi`,

oede hi oe`jiookÿ` hi icfberfokÿ` hi oe`ti`khes privkes, pfrf hispuës ixpckofr.

F ces pfrtkokpf`tis si cis ccivfräf i` vksktfs lukfhfs i k`jerdftkvfs f ces dusies, fromkves,

deùdi`tes, pfrfgis, ofsoe mkstÿrkoe, ito…he`hi fpri`hf` tf`te ce qui si ci ixpckqui oede cfs





tëo`kofs y mfbkckhfhis hi ces luäfs, oede cf b÷squihf hi k`jerdfokÿ`, dftirkfc, oe`ti`khes y

ze`fs qui petiòkfcdi`ti puihf` lukfr, tf`te rioerrkhes qui yf si rifckzf` (ces oufcis si cis

destrfräf i` istfs vksktfs lukfhfs) oede etres qui si hksiöi` fc prkòkpke i` ic tfccir oede

hispuës icces hisfrrecci`.

• Luäfs Dihke Fdbki`tfcis

_i cis jerdfrf oede luäfs hi ces pfrfgis pirkurbfès k`hkofhes i` ic pu`te 2, qui irf` f`tklufs

tkirrfs hi ouctkve (vilfs y bfòfcis) oede qui ixksti` tehfväf oe`struookeìs flräoecfs (cf rih

hi foiqukfs, fcgkbis, oertkges…), vkfrkfs (cf väf redf`f oede etrfs ofrritirfs qui oedu`kofbf`

Fcdiräf oe` etrfs ceofckhfhis), ouivfs he`hi mfbktfbf` pirse`fs, k`hustrkfcis y ioe`ÿdkoes.

Fhidæs hi ces pfrfgis `fturfcis (oirres, ouivfs, bfrrfòes, oede etres prehuotes hi cf ireskÿ`,

ito.), pfrfgis pk`terisoes.

Xfdbkë` si cis jerdfräf i` cf jcerf, jfu`f y f`kdfcis hi orkf`zf hi cf ze`f (pfsterie oe` ofbrfs

y evigfs, ofbfcces, oerrfcis y etres ixksti`tis oede mf` ixkstkhe, destrf`he isti dihke

fdbki`ti, kòcukhe cf oedu`kofokÿ` oe` ces orkfheris y pfsteris hi istes f`kdfcis.

_i rifckzfrf` u`f sirki hi tfcciris oe` i`tkhfhis y fseokfokeìs ricfoke`fhfs oe` ic turksde, ic

dihke fdbki`ti, cf oucturf i mksterkf, pirse`fs oeèoiherfs hi cf ze`f (oeèoiheris hi cf

mksterkf, k`trfmksterkf, dihke fdbki`ti, pfrfgis, ciyi`hfs, oestudbris...ito.) _irkf u`f jerdfokÿ`

tf`te f u` `kvic liìrfc oede ispiokjkoe f Fcdiräf y cf ze`f.

Xfdbkë` si cis jerdfrf oede luäfs hi si`hirksde y ispicieceläf bæskof, pfrf lukfr f lrupes

erlf`kzfhes hi si`hirksde per istfs ze`fs, sk` sfckr hi cf okuhfh.

Cfs rutfs siræ` tf`te per cfs ze`fs virhis-mkstÿrkofs, per igidpce, sirkf ic bfrrfòe ofbfccfr, ic

ofdkè vkige, cfs ouivfs, ces ofdkès hi Fcdiräf mfokf etrfs ceofckhfhis, ic oirre sf` Orkstÿbfc,

ces oirres qui okrou`hf` fc quidfhire, rutfs hishi cf omfòf mfstf cf Deckìtf, cf Deckìtf,

bfyf``f… cfs pcfyfs, ito…

• Rimfbkcktfokÿ` (tf`te hi jfomfhfs, k`tirkeris y ristes frquiecÿlkoes qui si iòui`trf`) y

oiskÿ`/fcqukcir ioe`ÿdkoe/pirdutfokÿ`, hi ofsfs (tf`te cfs pepucfris, ofsfs ebrirfs, ofsfs





ouivfs, siöerkfcis e hi cfs ocfsis dihkfs) f`tklufs hi hes pcf`tfs pfrf su use idpri`hiher

e idprisfrkfc, kòcukhe hi k`virskeìs y idprisfs ixtir`fs f istf ze`f.

F istes ihkjkokes sil÷` su use si cis pe`hræ ic èdbri hi pirse`fgis hic rikè hi Fcdiräf,

ricfoke`fhe oe` istes jkìs. Hetæ`hecis hi skstidf hi silurkhfh y fhfptæ`heces f su oeditkhe,

oede qui è liìri` prebcidfs hi rukhe e suokihfh fc riste hic viok`hfrke.

Oe`sirvæ`hesi ces ristes frquiecÿlkoes qui si iòui`trf`, ckdpkæ`hesi y mfoki`he su

oerrispe`hki`ti istuhke frquiecÿlkoe, k`stfcæ`hesi iòkdf u` pfìc hi orkstfc seckhe y

trf`spfri`ti, pfrf su vkstf fc p÷bckoe, oede ces ixksti`tis i` ic Oi`tre –cfs Omfjfrk`fs—. Xedf`heoede ofses præotkoes ixkteses ces pftkes y ofsfs hi Oÿrhebf oede ces Rkfhs hi cf rutf hi cfs

okuhfhis kdpirkfcis i mkstÿrkofs hi Dfrruioes.

mttp7//jr.wkakpihkf.erl/wkak/RkfhU(Dfreo)

Oe`trftfokÿ` hi u` dä`kde hi =>% hi trfbfgfheris hisidpcifhes hi istes bfrrkes oe` ofrlfs

jfdkckfris y vucìrfbkckhfh seokfc i` tehes ces ìleokes qui si de`ti` e rifckoi` i` ic ofsoe

mkstÿrkoe, kòcukhe ebrfs hi tehe tkpe. Ce oufc tfdbkë` kòcukräf i` ces ourses e jerdfokeìs qui

fccä si rifckoi`. I` ispiokfc ricfoke`fhe oe` ic turksde y cf mesticiräf, oede yfokdki`te hi

idpcie, jerdfokÿ` y riokocfgi hi prejiske`fcis, oede hi vkòucfr fc turksde oe` ic bfrrke y sus

viokès, vki`he istes qui is u`f jui`ti hi k`lrises y trfbfge, pfrf hfr u` trfte hi ofckhfh,

mespktfcfrke, kòcuskve, hi pretiookÿ`, oukhfhe, fpri`hkzfgi i k`tirfookÿ`

• Jedi`te, fpeye y jk`fòkfokÿ` f preyiotes idpri`hiheris hi viokès hic ofsoe mkstÿrkoe, i`

ispiokfc cfs jfdkckfs qui istæ` i` dfyer lrfhe hi vucìrfbkckhfh, pfrf cf orifokÿ` hi ìleokes

hi mesticiräf y etre trfbfge per oui`tf prepkf7

! Mestfcis, Je`hfs, î`skeìs y Ofsf hi Muëspihis.

! Ofsfs hi Oedkhfs, Diseìs, Bfris, Xitirkfs, ûbs, Behilfs y Ristfurf`tis.

! Bfzfris, tki`hfs, ito.

! Zi`tf hi prehuotes y Frtisf`äf

! Xfbcfes jcfdiòes y sfcfs hi oeòkirtes

! Idpri`hkdki`te oucturfc y duskofc





• ^rehuookÿ` hi vkhies hi mksterkfs hi vkhfs

• ^rehuookÿ` hi Oertes y etres jerdftes okìdftelræjkoes

• ^rehuookeìs fuhkevksufcis prehuote hic trfbfge i` rih, oecfberfokeìs y pfrtkokpfokeìs

• Etrfs prehuookeìs fuhkevksufcis qui si vif` kdpertf`tis y ricivf`tis oe` ces ebgitkves y jkìs

hic prelrfdf.

Xfcciris hi pirkehksde Okuhfhfè

Rifckzfokÿ` hi pehofst, jerdæ`heces i` rifckzfr pehofst (jerdfokÿ` Xëo`kof y idpcif`he

hkspesktkves dÿvkcis oe` epokÿ` hi lrfbfherfs, oede ces po¸s, use hi sejtwfri ckbri y su

hkjuskÿ` i` k`tirìt oede di`sfgiräf dÿvkc u etres), he`hi si i`siöi f i`trivkstfr y i`trivksti`hishi7 dugiris, dfyeris, viokès, frtkstfs, ito... _ebri mksterkfs y hisies hi vkhf, oede etrfs hi

ofræotir pirkehästkoe i k`jerdftkve.

_i mfräf` per lrupes, he`hi ces de`kteris oeerhk`fräf` ic trfbfge i` iqukpe, yf qui fcluès

i`trivkstfräf` y ce lrfbfräf` oede ce rioeliräf` isorkbkë`hece, dizocf`he oe` cf d÷skof hi cf

ëpeof hi cf `frrfokÿ` hi istfs dugiris, oede etres si iòfrlfräf` hi cf pfrti tëo`kof hi

rifckzfokÿ` y ihkokÿ` hic pehofst, ic oufc si subkräf f u` sirvkoke lrftukte hi pehofst, qui si

fcegfräf i` cf wib hi cf i`tkhfh hic dkci`ke, pfrf su isouomf, hisofrlf, hkjuskÿ`, oedi`tfrke e

oedpfrtkrce

K`vistklfoke`-fooke` oriftkvf, sebri cf ëpeof hi tfkjfs, ic cilfhe f`hfcusä y hi cf hkæsperf, i`

ispiokfc hi dugiris, gÿviìs y jklurfs predkì`tis hi isf ëpeof oede hi su sktufokÿ` y tkpe hi

seokihfh, istf`he erlf`kzfhes per lrupes, qui siræ` oeerhk`fhes per ces de`kteris.

_i cis erki`tfrf i` cf b÷squihf hi k`jerdfokÿ` bkbckelræjkof, b÷squihfs i` k`tirìt, vksktfs

lukfhfs fc dusie oede f etrfs k`stfcfokeìs pirtkì`tis y u` rioerrkhe k`jerdftkve i` ic bfrrke ysu pftrkde`ke, he`hi si i`siöfrf istf mksterkf.

Mfräf` tfdbkë` u` trfbfge hi ofdpe tiÿrkoe y prfotkoe, mkstÿrkoe i k`trfmkstÿrkoe hic Ofsoe

mkstÿrkoe, hi oedpeskokeìs, tidfs, oepcfs, `f`fs, ofòkeìs…tf`te f u` `kvic jerdfc (b÷squihf

hi k`jerdfokÿ` heoudi`tfc, oe`suctf f jui`tis…) etre k`jerdfc, ic k`trfmkstÿrkoe qui sirkf ic

busofr, oedu`kofrsi y rioelir hi jerdf seèrf, istfs oedpfskeìs pepucfris qui si df`tkiì`

i` ic bfrrke, duomäskdfs f pu`tes hi ixtk`lukrsi, f pfrtkr hi pirse`fs qui cfs oeèoi`,





ispiokfcdi`ti li`tis dfyeris. Isti dksde preoihkdki`te si mfräf oe` pebcfokÿ` k`dklrf`ti,

skluki`he u` preoise skdkcfr.

Istfs oedpeskokeìs si fhfptfräf`, duskofckzfräf` y of`tfräf`.

Xehe ic dftirkfc duskofc prehuote hic tfccir si lrfbfräf i` fuhke pfrf subkrce f ces sktkes hi

k`tirìt oerrispe`hki`ti.

I` tehes ces tfcciris si pe`hräf i` cf wib ic preoise y oe`ti`khes hisfrreccfhes, foedpföfhe hi

jetes, de`tfgis, vkhies, fuhkes, ixpckofokeìs hi ces fcudès y de`kteris oede etre dftirkfc

ricivf`ti u oeòrite hic preyiote.

1**" $%6-*)!)*+' 9% ?! 4!?6/! %' %? !'(*36. !&(*??%$.9%? #6%$(. 9% !?2%$*!H $%O!-*?*(!)*+' 9% !2-.&E

• Rimfbkcktfokÿ` hi cf Jfcuyf

• Rimfbkcktfokÿ` hic ixtk`te fstkccire qui mfy i` ic duicci pisquire

• Orifokÿ` hi u` oi`tre hi k`tirpritfokÿ`, fhiouf`he fdbes, he`hi si vkskti y erki`ti, sebri cf

mksterkf dfrätkdf hi Fcdiräf, oede su kdpertfòkf, kòcukhf ces fstkccires, he`hi si riorii

dftirkfc i k`dftirkfc su mksterkf hishi ic fc Æ`hfcus mfstf jiomfs rioki`tis, fdbes. Xi`ki`he i`

oui`tf qui hurf`ti sklces Fcdiräf jui u`f okuhfh dfrätkdf y oe` kdpertf`tis fstkccires, i` ic

dihktirræìe, Iurepf y Æjrkof.

1***" $%).'1%$&*.' 9%? )%'($. &.)*!? 0!?2%$!/!5 VR 6')%'($. 9% 4.$2!)*.' / %:#.&*)*.'%&E

Ytkckzfokÿ` hi sus Fucfs pfrf cf rifckzfokÿ` hi Jerdfokeìs per i`tkhfhis pubckofs, prkvfhfs,

fseokftkvfs oede hi prelrfdfs, per igidpce hic ^relrfdf Fkri e Yrbf`.

Fhidæs hi u` Ispfoke îrdfì`ti pfrf ixpeskokeìs hi i`tkhfhis pubckofs, prkvfhfs, fseokftkvfs,

frtkstfs y prelrfdfs, oede puihi` sir per igidpce hi _i`skbkckzfokÿ`.





istfhes i kdpirkes hi cf ëpeof, mube cfs ricfokeìs ixpckofhfs f`tirkerdi`ti, ispiokfcdi`ti

hi pebcfokÿ` f`hfcusä tf`te dusucdf`f y guhäf, derksof y –orkstkfès riìlfhes— qui fccä

idklrfre`, oede hishi fccä idklrfre` f cf Fcdiräf hi Xfkjfs y F`hfcusäis, fcluès oede

okuhfhfès y etres oede isocfves (oede is ic hisoeèokhe pire vktfc pfpic hi ces isocfves hi

erkli` iscfve, qui eoupfre` ofrles vktfcis i` ic skstidf hi cf ëpeof).

• Cf prisiòkf, pehir y distkzfgi F`hfcusä, oede Derksoe y hi –Orkstkfès Riìlfhes—

mfstf cf jiomf i` ic Æjrkof @ilrf, i` ispiokfc hi cf bkbcketiof f`hfcusä hi Xedbuot÷, oede cf

oe`struookÿ` hi istf okuhfh per frquktiotes f`hfcusäis oede qui mfbäf u`f oeìxkÿ` hi

trfsoi`hiòkf mkstÿrkof fcdirkf-Xedbuotu, i` ic pirkehe hi tfkjfs y f`hfcusä oede oe` cfixpucskÿ`/hkæsperf hi istes oede hi ces derksoes y –orkstkfès riìlfhes—, ccilf`he u`f trepf

hi ispföecis ixpucsfhe e idklrfhes, bfge oebirturf hic suctæ` hi Dfrruioes, pire hkrklkhes

per Fcdirki`sis, oede jui ic oe`qukstfher Fcdirki`si Gehi ^fomf, oe`qukstfre` ic kdpirke

hi Dfck (ic oufc ic jfdese jkceseje Ertilf y Lfssit, ofckjkof istf ipepiyf oede mkte mkstÿrkoe

ispföec oedpfrfbci fc hi Oertis i` Fdërkof), ic oufc hi miome y hispuës hi hiriome

lebir`fhe per iste oe`qukstfheris ispföecis y cf juskÿ` oe` cf pebcfokÿ` futÿote`f,

lebir`f`tis mfstf cf oe`qukstf jrfòisf, f cf oufc ci ejriokire` lrf` riskstiòkf. _ki`he sucilfhe cf oe`sirvfokÿ` hi u` vktfc pftrkde`ke hi cf mudf`khfh, hi bkbcketiofs he`hi si rioeli

cf mksterkf hi Ispföf, hi cf ëpeof y hi cf mudf`khfh (ski`he lrf`his tiseres rioeèokhes per

cf Yìsoe y hishi ic istfhe ispföec oe`trkbuyi f su rioupirfokÿ`), cf jkcesejäf, okiòkfs,

frquktioturf, oucturf, seokihfh, ck`lóästkof, ioeèdäf y hidelrfjäf, yf qui tehfväf quihf`

hisoi`hki`tis qui oe`sirvf` pfrti hi cf oucturf mirihfhf oedbk`fhf f cf ivecuokÿ` y juskÿ`

hi ces tkidpes, oede per isti f`tklue kdpirke oede per tehf cf ourvf hic @älir, ixksti`

pebcfokeìs oe` fsoi`hi`tis ispföecis, ispiokfcdi`ti Fcdirki`sis, oe`sirvf`he rfslesseokeoucturfcis, li`ëtkoes y mfstf fpicckhes ispföecis. _irkf u` lrf` rihisoubrkdki`te hi

ùistrf mksterkf oed÷`, istfbcioki`he oeìxkeìs y fotkvkhfhis f rifckzfr, i` ispiokfc i`

oe`diderfokÿ` hic dkci`ke hi Fcdiräf, hi tehe isti fperti qui ès mfoi sk`lucfris y

ispiokfcis.

• etrfs qui i` ces rispiotkves istfhes i kdpirkes hi cf ëpeof, mube cfs ricfokeìs

ixpckofhfs f`tirkerdi`ti, ispiokfcdi`ti hi pebcfokÿ` f`hfcusä tf`te dusucdf`f y guhäf,

derksof y –Orkstkfè riìlfhes— qui fccä idklrfre`, oede hishi fccä idklrfre` f cf Fcdiräf




dfèceycfkcfNldfkc.oed tcjè/wmft ̧ sYp/Ckì ::: 899 9:< ^ælk`f 9? hi 6>;

hi Xfkjfs y F`hfcusäis, fcluès oede okuhfhfès y etres oede isocfves (oede is ic

hisoeèokhe pire vktfc pfpic hi ces isocfves hi erkli` ìlres, qui eoupfre` ofrles vktfcis i`

ic skstidf hi cf ëpeof).

• Erf` (qui fc sir ic puirte fjrkofè dfs oirofè skidpri mf mfbkhe u`f oirof`äf, tf`te

hi ces pirkehes diòke`fhes, oede hidelræjkofdi`ti per cfs dklrfokeìs/hkæs perfs hi

f`hfcusäs, ispföecis guhäes y dusucdfìs, oede i` ic sklce ]K] y ]], per cf dklrfokÿ` hi

Fcdirki`sis f istf okuhfh, qui irf` pfrti oe`skhirfbci hi iccf, ti`ki`he lrf` k`jcuiòkf y

distkzfgi, mfstf cf k`hipi`hiòkf hi Frlickf, he`hi cf dfyeräf idklrfre` f Jrfòkf, oe` ces

–^kihs @ekrs—. Oe` cfs Okuhfhis hic Istfhe Jrfòës qui foelkire` istf pebcfokÿ` oede cf pestirker hispuës hi cf luirrf okvkc ispföecf, tfdbkë` mfbräf u` mirdf`fdki`te.

• Ritedf`he cfs ricfokeìs mkstÿrkofs oe` Frlickf, oede X÷ìz y ic Dfrruioes

Jre`tirkze oe` Frlickf, si oe`skhirfräf cf k`jcuiòkf fcdirki`si, f`hfcuzf y ispföecf i` cf

d÷skof hi cf ze`f, i` ispiokfc hi cf ccfdfhf rudbf frlick`f, cf fmerf k`tir`foke`fc y

oedirokfc du`hkfcdi`ti d÷skof Rfå¨, qui `fokÿ i` ces bfrrkes pepucfris hi Erf`, Frlic y

etres, hi cf dizocf hi cf d÷skof trfhkoke`fc ixksti`ti oe` cf rudbf y jcfdiòe hi cfs

pebcfokeìs ispföecfs ixksti t̀is.• _i trfbfgfräf oe` cf Fcckfòi Jrf`ìfks (oede oe` oe`sucfhes y idbfgfhfs hi etres

istfhes i` cf cäìf qui k`hkofdes oede igidpce) , fc sir k`stktuokÿ` riprisi`tftkvf hic istfhe

Jrfòës, oede f`ti`f hi ci`luf, oucturf, mksterkf y peskbkckhfhis ioe`ÿdkofs…trfbfgf`he i`

rih oe` icces pfrf rifckzfokÿ` hi istfs fotkvkhfhis hurf`ti ic pirkehe oece`kfc Jrfòës i`

Æjrkof, he`hi jui ocfvi ouf`he oece`kzfre` qui yf mfbäf cf ixkstiòkf hi oedu`khfhis

f`hfcusäs (guhäes, dusucdfìs y orkstkfès), derksoes oede hi hisoi`hki`tis dizocfes oe` ic

riste hi pebcfokÿ` y qui mfbäf` i`rkquiokhe oucturfc, ioe`ÿdkof y hidelræjkofdi`ti istfsseokihfhis, Oede tfdbkë` cfs dklrfokeìs fcdirki`sis f pestirkerk, qui tuvkire` u` pfpic

skdkcfr. Isti sirkf ic ofse hi Erf` oede etrfs okuhfhis Frlick`fs, Xuìok`fs, Dfrrequäis,

Dfcki`sis y ic Æjrkof @ilrf

• Ofse skdkcfr sirkf ic hi etrfs okuhfhis pertufrkfs oede hic k`tirker fjrkofè, oede

puihi` sir hi cf okuhfh y ic istfhe hi X÷ìz (qui df`tkiì cf prisiòkf dusucdf`f y guhäf

ispföecf) oede okuhfhis f`hfcusäis hi Dfrruioes (]feui`, Diaìs, Jiz, tf`lir, Xituæ`, Fc

meoikdf, Dfrrfaiom, _fci…) qui si oe`sirvf tf`te ic cilfhe dftirkfc i k`dftirkfc, hi





oestudbris, d÷skof F`hfcusä, ccfdfhf Lmfr`ftk oede su k`jcuiòkf i` etrfs fspiotes. Fhidæs

hi ces k`tirisis lieistrftëlkoes hi orifr pui`tis y df`tiìr u`fs jcukhfs ricfokeìs, oede

okuhfhis, pebcfokeìs, rilkeìs y istfhes.

• Etrfs okuhfhis ccfdfhfs Fcdiräf oede ju`hfhfs e oe` pebcfokÿ` oe`skhirfbci hi

fcdirki`sis e oe` etre cfze, yf oedi`tfhes.

• Etres ûirtes qui i` ricfokeìs pestirkeris mf mfbkhe u`f kdpertf`ti oeìxkÿ`, oede

puihi sir per cf îsof (Ciaiktke y Birdie, i` ic pfäs Zfsoe), Oediroke (puirtes he`hi si

ixpertfbf cf uvf e ic dkìrfc) u etres

• Etrfs Okuhfhis y puibces qui si vif oe`vi`ki`ti y oemiri`ti ic mirdf`fdki`te, sil÷`ces ebgitkves pcf`tifhes.

:" #!$(*)*#!)*.' 9% ?! 6'*1%$&*9!9 9% !?2%$=!

• Kòerperfokÿ` fotkvf fc Dkci`ke

• Orifokÿ` y rihksiöe hi fskl`fturfs eptftkvfs sebri7 ic cilfhe f`hfcusä, ic kscfd, ic

guhfäsde, ic sujksde, ces puibces hic dihktirræìe, Erki`ti Dihke, Æjrkof y Fdërkof

• Orifokÿ` hi hipfrtfdi`tes hi k`vistklfokÿ` sebri7 ic cilfhe F`hfcusä (i` meèr f

Zfci`ti), ces puibces hic dihktirræìe (i` meèr f ces mirdfès Leytksece), istuhkes sebri ic

du`he ærfbi y erki`ti dihke (ouye èdbri sirkf i` meèr f Kb` Xujfyc) Æjrkof (i` meèr f

Xedbuot÷), cf oucturf i mksterkf lktf`f –Jihirkoe Lfroäf Cerof—, cfs ricklkeìs hic ckbre

(dusucdfìs, guhäfs y orkstkf`fs) ouye èdbri siræ i` meèr Kb` Frfbk, oede etres

ricfoke`fhes oe` ces ebgitkves pcf`tifhes.

• Orifokÿ` hi u` hipfrtfdi`te ductkhksokpck`fr hi k`vistklfokÿ` sebri i`jirdihfhis y

trfsterès pskoeseokfcis, prehuokhfs per cf k`texkofokÿ` hi prehuotes quädkoes, ispiokfcdi`ti

flräoecfs, ccfdfhf Kb` Gftkdf. Xfdbkë` si oicibrfräf u` oe`lrise k`tir`foke`fc sebri istes

tidfs.

Ic oufc jui u` dëhkoe, peitf y jkcÿseje f`hfcusä, `fokhe i` Fcdiräf i` 6?28 y jfcciokhe i`

cf dksdf okuhfh ic 6< hi dfrze hi 6?:;, jui uè hi ces prkdires k`vistklfheris i` hihkofr su

tkidpe fc istuhke hi cf pisti.

mttp7//is.wkakpihkf.erl/wkak/KbÙGftkdf





• Orifokÿ` hi Dfstir, ourses, oe`jiriòkfs y fotkvkhfhis ricfoke`fhfs oe` ces pu`tes

f`tirkerdi`ti ixpuistes.

• Oe`vi`kes hi oecfberfokÿ` oe` i`tkhfhis, erlf`kzfokeìs, k`stktuokeìs,

k`vistklfheris y ixpirtes

• Ixpeskokeìs sebri oki`täjkoes y cktirftes Fcdirki`sis hi cf ëpeof f`hfcusä y su

cilfhe/hkæsperf oede hic rikè hi cfs Xfkjfs, oe` omfrcfs, oe`jiriòkfs, heoudi`tfcis…tf`te

i` cf u`kvirskhfh oede i` ic Ofsoe Mkstÿrkoe, i` ic F`tklue Mespktfc ^revkòkfc, oede

vksktf`he Oi`tres ihuoftkves.

• :*" )$%!)*+' 9% 4%&(*1!?%& 02*?%'*. $%*'. 9% !?2%$=!5

• Guiles Jcerfcis F`hfcusäis K`tir`foke`fcis –Fbi` Mfzfd—

6ir Jistkvfc hi êisäf F`hfcusä qui si rifckzfrf i` cf jistkvkhfh hi cfs Oruois hi Dfye i` ic ^ftke

hi ces @frf`ges. I` merfrke hi tfrhi hurf`ti u` jk` hi sidf`f.

@es rijirkdes f êisäf F`hfcusä, perqui si rioktfräf` peidfs hi cf ëpeof hic rikè hi Fcdiräf,

f`hfcusäis y su cilfhe oede hkæsperf.

Mfbräf u` oeòurse k`tir`foke`fc hi peitfs tf`te qui df`tkiì` istf trfhkokÿ`, tëo`kofs, dëtrkofs,

k`jcuiòkfs…i` sus ebrfs, dæs fccæ hi cf ci`luf e tidætkof isorktf, oede u`f silu`hf epokÿ` hi

oeòurse, qui cfs peisäfs erklk`fcis hi ces peitfs, istë` foedpföfhfs hi d÷skof f`hfcusä.

Cf rioktfokÿ` siræ foedpföfhf per d÷skoes e hg¸s.

Xfdbkë` mfbräf u`f –jirkf hi cktirfturf F`hfcusä y êitfs Fcdirki`sis—, oe` sus rispiotkves

stf`hs y fotkvkhfhis oedpcidi`tfrkfs i` jri`ti hi _f` Guf`, oede oe`jiriòkfs, ixpeskokeìs y

etres fotes, i` ic Oi`tre _eokfc Fcdirfyf.

Fbi` Mfzfd7

Cf pfz y cf silurkhfh qui ejrioäf Fcdiräf y cf prespirkhfh ioe`ÿdkof qui isf pfz mfoäf peskbci,

è sece ftrfge f pecätkoes y dkcktfris pirsilukhes, skè f tehe tkpe hi sfbkes y frtkstfs, oe` ces qui

Gfkræ` priti`hkÿ riorifr ic ispci`her oucturfc hi cf oerti ofckjfc. I`tri ces cktirftes foelkhes per ëc





si iòui`trf Fbë` Mfzfd futer hi –Ic oeccfr hi cf pfcedf— trftfhe sebri ic fder, y Fbuedfr

Fmdih, u`f hi ouyfs ixti`sfs cefs i` meèr hic riy jui rioedpi`sfhf oe` okòui`tf dktofcis hi

ere.

• 6ir Jistkvfc hi D skof Lmfr`ftk –Fbu Mfdkh fc-Lmfr`ftk— Is uè hi ces dfyeris istkces hi d÷skof y trfhkokeìs oucturfcis f`hfcusä qui idklrÿ hi Lrf`fhf

(Ispföf) f Dfrruioes i` ic sklce ]Z oe` cf ixpucskÿ` hijk`ktkvf hi ces ærfbis hi cf î`ä`sucf

Kbërkof ccivfhf f ofbe per ces Riyis Oftÿckoes. Cfs rfäois duskofcis si bfsf` i` cfs hkvirsfs

isouicfs hi d÷skof dihkivfcis hi F`hfcuoäf, he`hi ic istkce duskofc ærfbi-f`hfcusä si mfbäf

erklk`fhe eome sklces ftræs. Xrfs cf Rioe`qukstf, ic Lmfr`ftk jui prisirvfhe per cfs jfdkckfs

Xcidoi`k y cfs oedu`khfhis hi guhäe dfrrequäis qui muyire` hi Ispföf y si fsi`tfre` i`

Rfbft, Xituæ`, Eughf y ispiokfcdi`ti i` Jiz, ixti`hkë`hesi f Frlickf, X÷ìz, ic riste hic

dihktirræìe oede k`jcuyi`he i` ic kdpirke hi Dfck, fhidæs hi oe`tkùfr istf d÷skof

f`hfcusäis dusucdfìs.

_i rifckzfräf tf`te i` cf fcofzfbf oede f sus pkis, i` ic bfrrke hi cf Fcdihk`f, hi`tre hi cf

prelrfdfokÿ` istkvfc y hic dkci`ke, i` _iptkidbri. _u i`jequi istf dfs oi`trfhe fc

df`ti`kdki`te, rioupirfokÿ`, rihisoubrkdki`te i k`èvfokÿ` hi istfs d÷skofs trfhkoke`fcis y

preyiookÿ` K`tir`foke`fc oede oe`virtkrce i` u` Jistkvfc pu`tire f @kvic K`tir`foke`fc i`

Iurepf, Ic Dihktirræìe oede i` ic Du`he, oecfberf`he oe` etres jistkvfcis oe` i`jequis e

tidætkofs skdkcfris qui si rifckzf` i` Dfrruioes, Frlickf, Xuìs, ic Æjrkof @ilrf oede i`

Iurepf. Isti Jistkvfc ti`hräf fotkvkhfhis pfrfcicfs oede preyiookÿ` fc fkri ckbri hi picäoucfs i`

ic puirte hi Fcdiräf, fotufokeìs tiftrfcis, ixpeskokeìs hi jetes/pk`turfs/isoucturfs/vkhies...,

oe`jiriòkfs, omfrcfs-hibfti oede etres jerdftes qui si vif` oe`vi`ki`tis y oemiri`tis.

mttps7//www.jfoibeea.oed/lreups/Duskof`hftit/

mttp7//jr.wkakpihkf.erl/wkak/Lmfr`ftk

mttp7//i`.wkakpihkf.erl/wkak/Lmfr`ftkUdusko





Jistkvfc hi Lmfr`ftk hi Eughf (Dfrruioes) mttp7//ryfhicf`hfceus.evir-bcel.oed/fcbud-66::=22.mtdc

• 6ir Jistkvfc Rfäois y Juskÿ` –Fcdiräf ûirte hi Oucturfs— silukräf cf cäìf hic f`tirker

pire oe` hkstk`tf tidætkof hic jistkvfc y ofdbke hi erki`tfokÿ`.

_i rifckzfräf tf`te i` cf fcofzfbf oede f sus pkis, i` ic bfrrke hi cf Fcdihk`f, Omfòf y Oirre

_f` Orkstÿbfc, hi`tre hi cf prelrfdfokÿ` hic dkci`ke, i` Dfye, rijerzf`he cfs jistkvkhfhis hi cf

Oruois hi Dfye y dfyfs. _u i`jequi istf dfs oi`trfhe i` Fcdiräf, F`hfcuoäf, ic cilfhe

F`hfcusä y ces devkdki`tes dklrfterkes mf k`jcukhe tf`te k`tir`f y ixtir`fdi`ti i` etrfs

pebcfokeìs, seokihfhis, oucturfs, ioeèdäfs, istfhes. Hishi ëpeof hic rikè hi Fcdiräf mfstf cfjiomf, is hiokr Fcdiräf oede Distkzfgi y Orksec hi K`tiroucturfckhfh (ûirte oede sädbece,

i`tri tf`tes fspiotes skl`kjkoftkves y skdbÿckoes). Fsä mfbräf i` isti jistkvfc fotufokeìs hi

lrupes hi Rfå, lf`f, oede hi etrfs d÷skofs hic æjrkof ìlrf, Dihktirræìe,

fdirkof`fs…kòcukhfs cf trevf, virhkfcis y sebri tehe d÷skof hi juskÿ` hi istfs rfäois.

^cf`tiæ`hesi qui f pfrtkr hi isfs rfäois si mf` prehuokhe juskeìs y distkzfgis qui si

hkju`hkræ` i` isti jistkvfc hi preyiookÿ` K`tir`foke`fc oede oe`virtkrce i` u` Jistkvfc pu`tire f

@kvic K`tir`foke`fc i` Iurepf, Ic Dihktirræìe oede i` ic Du`he, oecfberf`he oe` etres

jistkvfcis oe` i`jequis e tidætkofs skdkcfris qui si rifckzf` etres pu`tes hic du`he sebri cf

tidætkof hic distkzfgi oucturfc. Isti Jistkvfc ti`hräf fotkvkhfhis pfrfcicfs oede preyiookÿ` fc

fkri ckbri hi picäoucfs i` ic puirte hi Fcdiräf, fotufokeìs tiftrfcis, ixpeskokeìs hi

jetes/pk`turfs/isoucturfs/vkhies..., oe`jiriòkfs, omfrcfs-hibfti oede etres jerdftes qui si vif`

oe`vi`ki`tis y oemiri`tis.

_i mirdf`fräf oe` ic jistkvfc hi Rfå qui si rifckzf oe` cf okuhfh hi erkli` f`hfcuzf hi

Dfrruioes hi Eughf oede cfs hi X÷ìz y Frlickf.

mttp7//is.wkakpihkf.erl/wkak/Rfå

mttp7//www.jistkvfchurfk.df/jistkvfc-rfk-foouikc.mtdc

mttp7//is.wkakpihkf.erl/wkak/L`fwf

mttp7//is.wkakpihkf.erl/wkak/JistkvfcUhiUL`fufUyUD÷skofsUhicUDu`heUhiUIsfukrf

• 6ir Jistkvfc hi ces _f`tes Kèoi`tis –Bui` Muder Dihktirræìe—





Fotufrf` ixocuskvfdi`ti of`tf`tis jidi`k`fs, pfrf predeoke`fr f cf dugir i` istes

lëìres, rifckzfr u`f fookÿ` pesktkvf hi`tre hi cfs pecätkofs hi klufchfh hi lëìre y sir

k`èvfheris i` ic okroukte hi jistkvfcis.

Hisfrreccæ`hesi fotkvkhfhis pfrfcicfs y oedpcidi`tfrkfs fc ivi`te.

_i rifckzfrf i` cf Fcofzfbf y ces fcihföes hi ces bfrrkes hi cf Fcdihk`f y cf omfòf, i`

ces häfs jistkves hic pirkehe hi cf jirkf y jistkvkhfh hi cf pftre`f hi Fcdiräf, i` merfrke hi

dföf`f-tfrhi, rifotkvf`he cf jirkf i` ic ofsoe mkstÿrkoe (oede cf predeokÿ` hi isti) i` u`

fdbki`ti sfcuhfbci, oucturfc y oe` bui`f iìrläf.

Oe`tixte y rijerducfokÿ` pesktkvf hi cf mksterkf i` oed÷`.[uhir ^fomæ pirtiìokÿ f u`f jfdkckf derksof hi cfs qui muyire` i` hkæsperf mfokf tkirrfs ofsticcf`fs y

vfciòkf`fs trfs ic civf`tfdki`te derksoe hi cfs Fcpugfrrfs (69:=-69<6), y qui si fsi`tÿ i` cf fotufc

Ouivfs hi Fcdf`zerf, i` Fcdiräf.

I` su guvi`tuh, u`f kòurskÿ` turof i` ic vfcci hic Fcdf`zerf ofpturÿ f uès trisoki`tes duomfomes, i`tri

ces qui si iòe`trfbf [uhir. Ces prkskeìres juire` ccivfhes fc pfcfoke hic suctæ` Fbh fc-Dfcka i`

Dfrrfaiom, i` cf ëpeof u`f prÿspirf ofpktfc qui foelkÿ f puibces i`tires hi derksoes ixkckfhes (i`tri

icces ces hi ßrlkvf e Xfbir`fs).

Fccä jui hispriokfhe oede tehes ces ccilfhes fc Dflrib hishi Iurepf, pire peoe f peoe jui fvf`zf`he i`

ic isofcfjÿ` seokfc y dkcktfr y ccilÿ f sebrisfckr i` 69<= cf bftfccf hi ces Xris Riyis (ccfdfhf fsä perqui

i` iccf durkire` ces suctfìs fc-Dfcia, fc-Duttfwfakc, fsä oede ic riy pertuluës He` _ibfstkæ`) qui

i`jri`tÿ f êrtulfc oe` ces mirihires hic suctf`fte hi Dfrruioes. [ i` oe`siouiòkf, jui èdbrfhe ofäh

hi Dfrrfaiom.

K`jcuiòkf f`hfcusä i` cf Ourvf hic @älir

Oe` cf ccilfhf hi ces "frdf" si istfbciokÿ i` cf Ourvf hic @älir u`f k`sÿcktf oedu`khfh f`hfcusä, hi

oestudbris y ci`luf ofsticcf`f, qui df`tuve su pehir mfstf 6<?< y su pridkìòkf seokfc y oucturfc mfstf

cf prkdirf dktfh hic sklce ]K], ouf`he juire` oe`qukstfhes hijk`ktkvfdi`ti per cf it`kf piuc. @e ebstf`ti,

ces "frdf" oe`tkùfre` hisidpiöf`he u` ricivf`ti pfpic i` cf pecätkof rilke`fc y pfrtkokpfre`

fotkvfdi`ti i` ces preoises hi k`hipi`hiòkf hi Dfck. F÷` mey si fjirrf` f su erkli` f`hfcuz, utkckzf`

pfcfbrfs ofsticcf`fs ("fcofkhi", "fcjfcjf", "fcpfrlftf—, "fcberèz", "lfrrfjf", "ædbfr', "fcjedbrf") y

riouirhf` fc oe`qukstfher qui ju`hÿ su hk`fstäf (fu`qui è higÿ `k`lu`f hisoi`hiòkf, perqui irf

iuùoe), ic fcdirki`si [uhir ^fomæ.




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• Ispiotæouces i` Jfdkckf fc fkri ckbri ces jkìs hi sidf`f i` ic Ofsoe mkstÿrkoe hurf`ti ic

pirkehe istkvfc7 qui rijcigi` cf ëpeof f`hfcusä, cilfhe f`hfcusä oede cfs dklrfokeìs y

ductkoucturfckhfh. Oe` riprisi`tfokeìs tiftrfcis, tätiris, oui`tfoui`tes, f`kdfokeìs

seokeoucturfcis, hk`fdkzfokeìs, fotkvkhfhis cuhkoe-pihflelkofs…oede etrfs riprisi`tfokÿ` y

fotufokeìs oede si mfoi` tehfväf i` ic Dflrib,, oede puihi` sir cfs qui si mfoi` i` cf pcfzf

regf hi Dfrrfaiom, oede etres he`hi si df`tkiì ic cilfhe f`hfcusä e mf k`jcukhe

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• Dizquktf7 Rioe`struookÿ` hi cf F`tkluf Dizquktf Dfyer hi Fcdiräf, i` pfrti hi su f`tklufubkofokÿ`, he`hi istf fmerf sktufhe ic Oufrtic hi cf Dksirkoerhkf, ic oufc si pirdutfrf fc

dk`kstirke hi hiji`sf per etres tirriès.

Cf dizquktf hkspe`hræ siræ tf`te pfrf cfs oiride`kfs ricklkesfs, isouicf oeræ`kof, hic ærfbi y

fdfzklmt oede bkbcketiof ductkdihkf dusucdf`f.

Fhidæs hi Dusie-Oi`tre hi Istuhkes _ujäs –Isouicf _ujä hi Fcdirfyf—. Oi`tre hi istuhkes tf`te

pfrf cf oedu`khfh sujä e k`jcuiòkfhf per ic sujksde oede puihi` sir virtki`tis hic kscfd

dihktirræìe pire sebri tehe sub-sfmfrkfè ixksti`ti i` Fcdiräf, oede se` cfs oerrki`tis Xkhfkì,

Bfy Jfcc y etrfs, hi ispiokfc kdpertfòkf tf`te i` _iìlfc y Dfck. Xfdbkë` mfbräf u` dusie

(skluki`he ic dehice hic dusie hi cf luktfrrf) oe` pkizfs mkstÿrkofs/frquiecÿlkofs tf`te

fcdirki`sis oede hic sujksde y cf k`jcuiòkf f`tirkerdi`ti ixpuistes.

Xfdbkë` fccä cfs oedu`khfhis dusucdf`fs pehræ` rifckzfr fotkvkhfhis oedpcidi`tfrkfs.

Istfræ fbkirte tf`te pfrf isi use, oede ti`hræ su merfrke hi fpirturf fc p÷bckoe, rispitæ`hesi cfs

èrdfs dusucdf`fs.




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Mfbräf tfdbkë` u` Mfddf` oede ces ixksti`tis i` cf ëpeof hi cfs Xfkjfs, ouye use siræ p÷bckoe,

dki`trfs è si usi i` merfrke ixocuskve pfrf prfotkof`tis dusucdfìs.

Istf dizquktf siræ listke`fhf per cf oedu`khfh dusucdf`f, i` ispiokfc cfs hi oerrki`ti sujä,

oe`gu`tfdi`ti oe` cfs k`stktuokeìs.

Cf Dizquktf si ccfdfräf –Fbu Dfhyf`"

Fb! Dfhyf`, " u#fyb Kb`. fc-Musfy` fc-F`sfrk is ic sf`te sujä dæs histfofhe hi Fc- Æ`hfcus. Jui

silukher hi Fc-Frkj y idklrÿ fc @erti hi Æjrkof pfrf oedpcitfr su jerdfokÿ` oe` sfbkes hi cf

tfccf hi Kb` Mkrzkmkd, Fc-Hfqfq y Fbu [f¸zf, y hispuës i` Erki`ti oe` Fbh fc-Vfhkr fc-[kcfd. _u

vkhf y su heotrk`f k`jcuyire` k`ti`sfdi`ti i` cf Isouicf hi Fcdiräf y i` cf jerdfokÿ` hi Fc-

Frfbk. Xuve dæs hi trisoki`tes silukheris qui fcof`zfre` cf –rifckzfokÿ` ispkrktufc— (istfokÿ` hi

cf oirtizf). Durkÿ i` Xridioë`, he`hi si ci hihkoÿ u`f dizquktf, u` dfusecie, u`f dfhrfzf y u`

Mfddf`.

• Oi`tre _ijfrhä –Dfkdÿ`khis— i` cf Omfòf, yf qui fccä istfbf cf f`tkluf guhiräf.

Rioe`struookÿ` hi u`f _k`flelf, oede cfs ixksti`tis i` cf Fcdiräf F`hfcusä, i` tirriès he`hi

istfbf` cfs f`tklufs guhiräfs, qui oe`tfrf oe` cf _k`flelf pfrf cf oedu`khfh guhäf ixksti`ti iÌspföf oede qui vkskti cf okuhfh, pfrf su use ricklkese.

Oede cf rioe`struookÿ` hi u`f ofsf siöerkfc guhäf hic pirkehe hic rikè hi Fcdiräf

Fhidæs hi Dusie-Oi`tre hi Istuhkes _ijfrhäis i` ces rikès hi Xfkjfs oede fhidæs hic istuhke

hic cfhkè, su rioupirfokÿ` y i`siöf`zf7 Dusie k`tirfotkve (skluki`he ic dehice hic dusie hi cf

luktfrrf, oe` pkizfs frquieceläfs hi ces guhäes i` ic rikè hi Fcdiräf y su ricfokÿ`/hkæsperf

sijfrhä. Fhidæs hi bkbcketiof (kòcukhe hklktfc y i` k`tirìt) oede hi cfs k`stfcfokeìs ìoisfrkfs

pfrf oe`virtkrsi i` u` Oi`tre hi Istuhkes hic cfhkè y ces sijfrhäis oede su hkæsperf. Oe` ic

ebgitkve hi sir pu`tires f `kvic k`tir`foke`fc. Oe` Fotkvkhfhis oedpcidi`tfrkfs qui si rifckoi`

fccä.

Cf oufc siræ listke`fhf oe`gu`tfdi`ti per cf oedu`khfh i k`stktuokeìs guhäfs sijfrhäis f`hfcuzfs

i k`tir`foke`fcis, i` ispiokfc cfs hi rioupirfokÿ` y predeokÿ` hic cfhkè.

Istfræ fbkirte tf`te pfrf isi use, oede ti`hræ su merfrke hi fpirturf fc p÷bckoe, rispitæ`hesi cfs

èrdfs guhäfs.

Dfkdÿ`khis (66?9-62>8)





Desmë bi` Dfkdÿ` e Dusf Kb` Dfydu` istæ oe`skhirfhe oede cf dfyer pirse`fckhfh guhäf

pest-bäbckof. Cf eoupfokÿ` orkstkf`f hi Fcdiräf si prece`lÿ hurf`ti hkiz föes, mfstf qui es

fcdemfhis cf rioe`qukstfre`, y cf oe`stktuyire` i` ofpktfc hi uè hi ces Xiroires Rikès hi

Xfkjfs. Isti ùive puibce dflribä tfdbkë` jrfofsÿ i` su k`ti`te u`kjkofher, f pisfr hi mfbirce

k`kokfhe oe` dæs jurer k`tilrkstf qui sus prihioiseris, jrute hic oufc Fcdiräf riokbkÿ u`f ùivf

ecifhf hi rijulkfhes, i`tri ces qui histfofbf isti kcustri sfbke oerhebës hi rfzf mibrif.

• Dusie-Oi`tre hi K`tirpritfokÿ` hi cf Oucturf i mksterkf hic ûibce lktfè –Xedftkte—

i` cf bfrrkfhf hi cf Omfòf-îsofhiräf

Rimfbkcktfokÿ` hi u`fs ofsfs-Ouivfs, k`tiroeìotfhfs i`tri sk oede rioe`struookÿ` hi vkvki`hfs

trfhkoke`fcis hi cf omfòf, he`hi mfbræ u` dusie (skluki`he ic dehice hic dusie hi cf luktfrrf)

oede oi`tre hi k`tirpritfokÿ` hi cf mksterkf y oucturf lktf`f Fcdirki s̀i, su hkæsperf,

idklrfokeìs i k`dklrfokeìs, oede cfs k`jcuiòkfs riokbkhfs oede fpertfhfs f etrfs seokihfhis,

i` ispiokfc hi cf f`hfcusä y hi cf oucturf fjrefdirkof`f.

He`hi si destrfräf pftrkde`ke dftirkfc i k`dftirkfc, kòcukhe frquiecÿlkoe i mkstÿrkoe, oede

mksterkfs hi vkhf lrfbfhfs oede per pirse`fs lktf`fs oeèoiherfs hi istfs y hi su pftrkde`ke

k`dftirkfc, hf`he omfrcfs e hi luäfs k`jerdftkves.

Kòcuyi`he u` oi`tre hi istuhkes sebri cf Oucturf i mksterkf lktf`f Fcdirki`si y su hkæsperf.

Oe`tæ`hesi oe` u`f bkbcketiof ductkdihkf sebri istf y u`f lfciräf hi pirse`fgis jcfdiòes

fcdirki`sis e k`jcuiòkfhes per Fcdiräf, tf`te i` ce duskofc, oede qui mfyf` vi`khe

Oe` ispfokes pfrf Fotkvkhfhis oedpcidi`tfrkfs qui si rifckoi` fccä.

• Dusie-Oi`tre hi K`tirpritfokÿ` hic Jcfdiòe –Ic @ilrkcce— i` cf bfrrkfhf hi cf

Omfòf-îsofhiräf

Rimfbkcktfokÿ` e rioe`struookÿ` hi vkvki`hfs trfhkoke`fcis hi cf omfòf, he`hi mfbræ u` dusie

(skluki`he ic dehice hic dusie hi cf luktfrrf) oede oi`tre hi k`tirpritfokÿ` hi cf mksterkf y

oucturf hic jcfdiòe, su hkæsperf, idklrfokeìs i k`dklrfokeìs, oede cfs k`jcuiòkfs riokbkhfs

oede fpertfhfs f etrfs seokihfhis, i` ispiokfc hi cf f`hfcusä y hi cf oucturf fjrefdirkof`f.

He`hi si destrfräf pftrkde`ke dftirkfc i k`dftirkfc, kòcukhe frquiecÿlkoe i mkstÿrkoe, oede

mksterkfs hi vkhf lrfbfhfs oede per pirse`fs jcfdiòfs oeèoiherfs hi istfs y hi su pftrkde`ke

k`dftirkfc, hf`he omfrcfs e hi luäfs k`jerdftkves.




dfèceycfkcfNldfkc.oed tcjè/wmft ̧ sYp/Ckì ::: 899 9:< ^ælk`f :? hi 6>;

Kòcuyi`he u` oi`tre hi istuhkes sebri cf Oucturf i mksterkf hic Jcfdiòe.

Oe`tæ`hesi oe` u`f bkbcketiof ductkdihkf sebri istf y u`f lfciräf hi pirse`fgis jcfdiòes

fcdirki`sis e k`jcuiòkfhes per Fcdiräf, tf`te i` ce duskofc, oede qui mfyf` vi`khe

_fcf pfrf fotkvkhfhis oucturfcis, ispiokfcdi`ti hi fotufokeìs duskofcis i` vkve.


Ic ìlrkcce jui u` frtkstf pepucfr, previ`ki`ti hi u`f sflf jcfdiòf, qui jui ic dfistre

hic tedftkte y hi lrf`his frtkstfs jcfdiòes, ic oufc is u` jcfdiòe rispitfhe y fhdkrfhe, ic oufc

jfcciokÿ mfoi föes y sirkf u` medi`fgi f ëc, oede f etres frtkstfs jcfdiòes f`ÿ`kdes, i`

ispiokfc fcdirki`sis.

• Dusie-Oi`tre hi cf OMF@OF i` cf bfrrkfhf hi cf Omfòf

Rimfbkcktfokÿ` e rioe`struookÿ` hi vkvki`hfs trfhkoke`fcis hi cf omfòf, he`hi mfbræ u`

dusie(skluki`he ic dehice hic dusie hi cf luktfrrf) oede oi`tre hi k`tirpritfokÿ` hi cf mksterkf

y oucturf cf omfòf, hishi qui jui ic `÷ocie ju`hfher hi cf okuhfh hi Fcdiräf, mfstf fmerf, oede

cfs fpertfokeìs riokbkhfs oede hfhfs fc ixtirker

He`hi si destrfräf pftrkde`ke dftirkfc i k`dftirkfc, kòcukhe frquiecÿlkoe i mkstÿrkoe, oedemksterkfs hi vkhf lrfbfhfs oede per pirse`fs hi cf omfòf oeèoiherfs hi istfs y hi su

pftrkde`ke k`dftirkfc, hf`he omfrcfs e hi luäfs k`jerdftkves.

Kòcuyi`he u` oi`tre hi istuhkes sebri cf Oucturf i mksterkf hi cf Omfòf.

Oe`tæ`hesi oe` u`f bkbcketiof ductkdihkf sebri istf y u`f lfciräf hi pirse`fgis hi cf Omfòf, e

k`jcuiòkfhes per istfs, oede qui cf mfyf` vksktfhe y pcfsdfhe i` sus ebrfs.

Lfciräf hi ixpeskokÿ` pirdfì`ti ductkdihkf hi tehfs cfs ebrfs frtästkofs ouye pretfle`ksde mf

skhe ic bfrrke hi cf omfòf._fcf pfrf fotkvkhfhis oucturfcis, ispiokfcdi`ti hi fotufokeìs duskofcis i` vkve.


• Dusie-Oi`tre hi K`tirpritfokÿ` hi ces Fstkccires –Kb` Dfydu`— hic Duicci îsquire

Rioe`struookÿ` hi ces Fstkccires ixksti`tis y i` hisuse oede Dusie, Oi`tre hi K`tirpritfokÿ` y

jerdfokÿ` hi cfs tëo`kofs, trfhkokeìs, ejkokes i mksterkf tf`te hi cf oe s̀truookÿ` hi `fväes oede

hi cf mksterkf dfrätkdf (qui i` rikè hi cf Xfkjf, Fcdiräf irf u` Oi`tre hi kdpertfòkf





k`tir`foke`fc), skluki`he ic dehice hic dusie hi cf luktfrrf i kòcuyi`he tf`te pkizfs

frquiecÿlkofs oede ricftes hi trfbfgfheris i` istes ejkokes.

Kb` Dfydu` fc-Rudfmks istæ oe`skhirfhe oede ic dæs pristklkese fcdkrf`ti hi cf jcetf ofckjfc.

Ces fcdkrf`tis df`hfbf` u`f jcetf hi dæs hi trisoki`tes `fväes hi luirrf, y irf` hi miome ces

silu`hes i` ic isofcfjÿ` hi pehir hic Ofckjfte, k`dihkftfdi`ti hispuës hic prepke Ofckjf. Xi`äf`

jkgfhf su riskhiòkf i` Fcdiräf, he`hi Fcdf`zer erhi`ÿ qui Kb` Dfydu` juirf i`viì`fhe,

tidirese hi su pehir y su pristklke. Cf jcetf dkcktfr si oedpcitfbf oe` etres oki`tes hi `fvis

oedirokfcis. Duomfs hi iccfs si oe`struäf` fquä .

• Ofsf hi cf ëpeof hic rikè hi Xfkjfs i` cf Fcdihk`f

Rioe`struookÿ` hi u`f Ofsf F`hfcusä hic pirkehe hi cf Xfkjf hi Fcdiräf, he`hi si destrfrf oede

irf` istfs, tf`te i` oe`ti`khe y oe`tkì`ti (oe` pkizfs frquiecÿlkofs i mkstÿrkofs).

Cfs hkstk`tfs hipi`hiòkfs si rijcigfrf cf vkhf, melfr y uti`skckes hi7 dusucdfìs, guhäes y

orkstkfès. _ki`he u` oi`tre hi k`tirpritfokÿ` y Dusie k`tirfotkve (skluki`he ic dehice hic dusie

hi cf luktfrrf).

Oe`stf`he hi u` pftke k`tirker oede ces ixksti`tis hi cf ëpeof, kòcukhe jcerf y frbecis jrutfcis.

• Rimfbkcktfokÿ` hi pfrti hi cfs hipi`hiòkfs fhdk`kstrftkvfs hic Oufrtic hi cf Dksirkoerhkf

pfrf kdpcf`tfr u`f jfouctfh hi cf u`kvirskhfh hi Fcdiräf, oede Dihkok`f (qui si ccfdfräf

oede cf jklurf mkstÿrkof – Fbi` Gftkdf— e pfrf fseokfokeìs hic bfrrke, trfbfgi` i` ic

bfrrke e qui sif` hic tigkhe fseokftkve.

Fbu [fjfr Fmdfh bk` Fck bk` Dumfddfh bk` Gftkdf fc-F`sfrk, tfdbkë` ccfdfhe Fmdfh Kb`

Gftkdf e skdpcidi`ti Kb` Gftkdf, Fbë` Gftkdf e Fbi`gætkdf jui u` dëhkoe, peitf y jkcÿseje

f`hfcusä, `fokhe i` Fcdiräf i` 6?28 y jfcciokhe i` cf dksdf okuhfh ic 6< hi dfrze hi 6?:;, jui

uè hi ces prkdires k`vistklfheris i` hihkofr su tkidpe fc istuhke hi cf pisti

• Oi`tre hi _irvkokes D÷ctkpcis pfrf cfs Fseokfokeìs Fcdirki`sis – Kb` Fc-Frkj hi

Bfyyf`f—. Rimfbkcktfokÿ` hic f`tklue ihkjkoke hi Cfs Fherftrkois pfrf sihis, ceofcis y

ispfokes pfrf ic tigkhe fseokftkve Fcdirki`si, rioupiræ`hesi ces tirriès hi bfòfcis, gfrhkìs

y ouivfs pfrf use fseokftkve y pubckoe hi cf okuhfhf`äf Fcdirki`si.





Fbu fc-Fbbfs Fmdfh Kb` Dumfddfh Kb` Dusf Kb` Ftf Fccfm fc-_k`mfyk, oeèokhe oede Fc-Frkj,

jui ic dkidbre dæs ixkdke hi cf Isouicf hi Fcdiräf. _us ebrfs –Dkjtfm fc-sf'fhf— y –Dfmfsk`

fc-dfyfcks— (–Cf ixoiciòkf hi cfs riu`keìs—) juire` ocfvis pfrf ic hisfrrecce hic sujksde, y

pfrf cf jerdfokÿ` hi ces lrf`his sujäis pestirkeris, oede su oe`hksoäpuce Kb` Bfrrfyf`, Fbu

Dfhyf` i Kb` fc-Frfbk ic Durokfè. Durkÿ i` Dfrrfaiom, he`hi su tudbf sklui ski`he viìrfhf.

• Dusie-Oi`tre hi Istuhkes K`tirricklkese hi cfs ? ricklkeìs hic ckbre (guhäfs,

orkstkf`fs y dusucdf`fs, oede sus hkstk`tfs oerrki`tis). –Fc-Frfbk—

Dusie yf qui si ixpe`hräf ebrfs frquiecÿlkofs oede frtästkofs hi istfs ricklkeìs y sus

oerrki`tis, i` ispiokfc hi cfs oejrfhäfs.

Xfdbkë` sirkf u` oi`tre hi istuhkes hi iòui`tre y hibfti k`tirricklkese, u` culfr hi

oeèokdki`te, oe`vkviòkf, k`tirfookÿ`, hkfcele…i`tri ces oriyi`tis fcdirki`sis hi hkvirsfs

oe`jiskeìs.

Rimfbkcktæ`hesi u` ihkjkoke mkstÿrkoe hic ofsoe mkstÿrkoe hi Fcdiräf fhfptfhe f cfs ìoiskhfhis

qui si riqukirf.

Fb! Bfar Dumfddfh Kb` 'Fc $ Kb` 'Frfbk jui u` dästkoe sujä, jkcÿseje y peitf, per ouyf sfbkhuräf

ci juire` fskl`fhes ces sebrièdbris hi Dumyk fc-Hk` (Zkvkjkofher hi cf ricklkÿ`) y fs-_mikg fc- Fabfr (Heoter dæxkde e Ic dæs lrf`hi hi ces dfistres). @fokhe i` Durokf, ccivÿ u`f vkhf

ktkìrf`ti f cf b÷squihf hi cf sfbkhuräf, prkdire per fc-Æ`hfcus, y hispuës per ic @erti hi Æjrkof

y per Erki`ti, mfstf k`stfcfrsi i` Hfdfsoe. Zkvkÿ i` Fcdiräf, istuhkÿ i` su Isouicf sujä, y fquä

hibkÿ sir tistkle hi cf ripftrkfokÿ` hic ofhævir hi Fvirreis, ouyf oedktkvf j÷ìbri lcesÿ i`

tërdkès peëtkoes.

• Rimfbkcktfokÿ` k`tilrfc hi tehe ic Rioerrkhe hi Rijulkes hi cf Luirrf Okvkc, Buàir y

`khes hi Fditrfccfherf

Hiocfræ`heces pftrkde`ke mkstÿrkoe y cf seckoktuh oede ^ftrkde`ke mkstÿrkoe hi cf

Mudf`khfh f cf Yìsoe.

Rimfbkcktfokÿ` hi ces Buàir, `khes hi Fditrfccfherfs y etrfs k`stfcfokeìs dkcktfris hiji`skvfs

hi cf luirrf okvkc (oede cfs trkòmirfs) pfrf vksktf pubckof oe` luäfs k`jerdftkves, ixpirtes,




dfèceycfkcfNldfkc.oed tcjè/wmft ̧ sYp/Ckì ::: 899 9:< ^ælk`f :: hi 6>;

supirvkvki`tis hi isf ëpeof y hi cfs fseokfokeìs hi diderkf mkstÿrkof. Ces ihkjkokes oe`strukhes

siræ` oihkhes pfrf ic use hi cfs fseokfokeìs hi Diderkf Mkstÿrkof.

Cf rih hi rijulkes, fudi`tfrf mfokf su tetfc rioupirfokÿ`, oede dusies y oi`tres hi

k`tirpritfokÿ` hi cf 2ª ripubckof, Luirrf Okvkc y êstluirrf, i` Fcdiräf y F`hfcuoäf. Fhidæs hi

hetfrcfs hic pftrkde`ke dftirkfc mkstÿrkoe hi isf ëpeof oede k`dftirkfc f trfvës hi tistkde`kes,

heoudi`tfcis, bkbcketiof, mksterkfs hi vkhf. _ki`he u` Oi`tre hi istuhke hi isfs ëpeofs i`

F`hfcuoäf, k`stfcfhfs pfrtis fhioufhfs hi trfdes hi istes rijulkes i` cf Ofdpsf u etre fhioufhe.

^frf vksktf pubckof oe` luäfs k`jerdftkves, ixpirtes, supirvkvki`tis hi isf ëpeof y hi cfs

fseokfokeìs hi diderkf mkstÿrkof.

• Oi`tre –Fcdiräf, puirtf hi Erki`ti—, rimfbkcktæ`hesi u` ihkjkoke mkstÿrkoe hi cf

Fcdihk`f e frrkbf hi cfs ofccis hi cfs tki`hfs.

_irkf u` Oi`tre d÷ctkpci, pfrf ces hkvirses prfotkof`tis hi ricklkeìs e jkcesejäfs erki`tfcis, oede

ic buhksde u etrfs qui prfotkof` cfs oedu`khfhis ispföecfs oede hi k`dklrf`tis, i` ispiokfc hi

erkli` omkè. Listke`fhe per sus prepkfs fseokfokeìs y oedu`khfhis, he`hi tfdbkë` pehræ`

mfoir fotkvkhfhis oedpcidi`tfrkfs.Mfbräf cf Rimfbkcktfokÿ` hi u` ofsf f`tkluf hi Fcdiräf, ce sujkoki`tidi`ti fdpckf y fhfptæ`hecf,

pfrf istes uses, kòcukhes ces hi u` pftke k`tirker pfrf cf dihktfokÿ` y rifckzfokÿ` hi fotkvkhfhis.

Mfy qui rioerhfr qui i` pirkehes f`hfcusäs mube u`f oedu`kofokÿ` i`tri ic du`he erki`tfc hi

fsäf oe` Fc-Æ`hfcus, oede i` ic dihktirræìe, yf ixksti`ti hishi ëpeofs f`tirkeris f ces redfès.

Y` igidpce is qui Fcdiräf irf u` lrf` prehuoter hi sihf y qui duomes prehuotes hi isfs ze`fs

hic du`he cf k`trehugire` ces ærfbis, kòcukhes pi`sfdki`tes y tëo`kofs.

• Dusie F`trepecÿlkoe – Fbu Omfjfr bi` Fbæs— (skluki`he ic dehice hic dusie hi cf

luktfrrf) hi cf mksterkf Fcdirki`si, su hkæsperf, idklrfokeìs i k`dklrfokeìs, oede cfs

k`jcuiòkfs riokbkhfs oede fpertfhfs f etrfs seokihfhis. _i ubkofräf i` tirriès oirofès f

cf fvi`khf hic Dfr e cf Omfòf. Oe` Fotkvkhfhis oedpcidi`tfrkfs qui si rifckoi` fccä.

Fbu Omfjfr bi` Fbæs7

Lrf` vkskr hi Wemfkr, hi quki` hkoi` cfs orÿ`kofs qui `fhki ci fvi`tfgfbf i` rkquizfs, i`

fvfrkokf, i` vf`khfh y i` isorkbkr bki`. Ièrdidi`ti oucte, oe` u`f sÿckhf jerdfokÿ` i` cfs




dfèceycfkcfNldfkc.oed tcjè/wmft ̧ sYp/Ckì ::: 899 9:< ^ælk`f :< hi 6>;

okiòkfs hic hiriome y cf pecätkof, y lrf` fjkoke`fhe fc fgihriz, pire su lrf` pfskÿ` jui cf hi

bkbckÿjkce, ccilf`he f pesiir dæs hi ouftreoki`tes dkc igidpcfris hi tehe tkpe hi isorktes, qui

fhqukräf sk` ripfrfr i` su prioke. _u fdbkokÿ` ci ccivÿ jk`fcdi`ti f trfkoke`fr f su riy y f derkr

f dfès hic riy hi Lrf`fhf Bfhks ouyfs trepfs ci mkokire` prkskeìre i` cf dksdf oicfhf qui ëc

mfbäf fyuhfhe f pripfrfr.

• Dusie-Oi`tre hi Istuhkes Ærfbis y hic pirkehe hi cfs Xfkjfs –Kb`-Gfch÷`—7 Dusie

k`tirfotkve (skluki`he ic dehice hic dusie hi cf luktfrrf) oe` pkizfs frquieceläfs hi cf

mksterkf hi ces tfkjfs i` Fcdiräf y su ricfokÿ`/hkæsperf f`hfcusä. Fhidæs hi bkbcketiof

(kòcukhe hklktfc y i` k`tirìt) oede hi cfs k`stfcfokeìs ìoisfrkfs pfrf oe`virtkrsi i` u`

Oi`tre hi Istuhkes Ærfbis y hi cf ëpeof hi cfs Xfkjfs, pu`tires f `kvic k`tir`foke`fc. Oe`

Fotkvkhfhis oedpcidi`tfrkfs qui si rifckoi` fccä.

_i ubkofräf i` tirriès oirofès f cf fvi`khf hic Dfr e cf Omfòf. Oe` Fotkvkhfhis

oedpcidi`tfrkfs qui si rifckoi` fccä.

Fb! Wfyh ”Fbhu r-Rf %df` bk` Dumfddfh bk` Amfch !` Fc-Mfhrfdk Fc-Ksbkck, is prebfbcidi`ti

ic mksterkfher dæs oeòki`zuhe y oucte hic du`he kscædkoe i` tehes ces tkidpes. Ces

–^recilÿdiès— (Duqfhhkdf) f su vfstf –Mksterkf hi ces ærfbis— is ic prkdir y dæs brkccf`ti

i`sfye hi jkcesejäf hi cf mksterkf, oe` u` i`jequi priourser hi cf dehir`f _eokeceläf. I`tri sus

duomfs i kdpertf`tis ebrfs jklurf u`f tktucfhf –Cf supirkerkhfh hi Fcdiräf i`tri tehes ces

tirrkterkes f`hfcusäis—.

• Xidpciti (rioupirf`he su f`tklue o÷pucf oede rimfbkcktfokÿ`, pirdktki`he tf`te su use

oede tfrkdf hi bf`hfs hi d÷skof oede pfrf ic bfkci, i` ispiokfcdi`ti ic brifa-hfòi (qui

Fcdiräf tkiì lrupes y jistkvfc pu`tires f `kvic k`tir`foke`fc). Mfbki`he oeòkirtes hi cf

bf`hf hi d÷skof du`kokpfc oede etrfs bf`hfs ricfoke`fhes oe` ces lëìres qui k`tirpritf`,

ces sæbfhes y hedk`les dftk`fcis. Cfs oedpeskokeìs pfrf cf oicibrfokÿ` hic dkci`ke hi

Fcdiräf qui teofräf` sirkf` hic pirkehe f`hfcusä oede hi etres pirkehes mkstÿrkoes f`hfcuois

(kòcukhfs bf`hfs seèrfs hi picäoucfs rehfhfs i` Fcdiräf) oede hkæsperf y idklrfokÿ`,

oede d÷skofs previ`ki`tis tf`te hi cf k`dklrfokÿ` y hi oucturfs duskofcis hic dihktirræìe,

æjrkof y Fdërkof qui ès mf` k`jcukhe, pfrf ouf`he jk`fckoi ic dkci`ke, istfs oedpeskokeìs




dfèceycfkcfNldfkc.oed tcjè/wmft ̧ sYp/Ckì ::: 899 9:< ^ælk`f := hi 6>;

sif` ic <9% hic ripirterke. Idpcif`he cf d÷skof oede dfrof hi erklk`fckhfh, oeèokdki`te,

oe`vkviòkf y oedu`kofokÿ` k`tiroucturfckhfh Fcdirki`si.

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I` hkstk`tes ihkjkokes, oede cf f`tkluf vi`tf, ixksti`ti i` cf pcfzf Dfsèu oede etres

ihkjkokes mkstÿrkoes hic Ofsoe Mkstÿrkoe (kòcukhe cf Fcdihk`f, Omfòf-îsofhiräf e ic F`tklue

Mespktfc ^revkòkfc), he`hi fhidæs qui si duistri ic pftrkde`ke frquiecÿlkoe hi isf ëpeof,

oede cfs previ`ki`tis he`hi ic cilfhe f`hfcusä i` æjrkof y erki`ti dihke, qui tehfväf sklui`

usæ`heces, destrf`he tf`te cfs tëo`kofs i mksterkf, fhidæs qui isti hetfhe oede i` ic dusie hi

cf luktfrrf hi ùivfs tioèceläfs, pfrf ic oeèokdki`te y fpri`hkzfgi.

Fhidæs mfbräf ispfokes pfrf cf jerdfokÿ` hi istes ejkokes, i`siöfhes per frtisfès qui

ce sklui` hisfrreccf`he oede rioupirfokÿ` hi cf trfhkokÿ` i kòerperfokÿ` hi k`èvfokeìs sebri

ce trfhkoke`fc, istes tfcciris siræ` jerdftkves tf`te pfrf hisidpcifhes, trfbfgfris hi digerf hi

idpcie, gÿviìs, dugiris, frtisfès oede pfrf ic riste hi okuhfhfès qui qukirf` fpri`hir. Fhidæs sirkf` tfcciris eoupfoke`fcis y hi tkidpe ckbri.

êrqui tfdbkë` tkiì` u` oedpeì`ti hi rioupirfokÿ` y rivktfckzfokÿ` mkstÿrkof oede

seokfckzfokÿ` y tkiì jfoteris tirfpëutkoes i` ces pfrtkokpf`tis,

Fhidæs hi fookeìs i` ic Ofsoe Mkstÿrkoe oe`trf ic hisidpcie y cf jfctf hi jerdfokÿ`

prejiske`fc, i`siöf`he y prfotkof`he ejkokes (ourses riùdirfhes), hi ces oufcis fc jk`fckzfr

sfci` oede trfbfgfheris oufckjkofhes qui puihi` ejirtfrsi i` ic dirofhe cfberfc, oede

frtisfès, ces oufcis ofhf viz istæ` dæs hidf`hfhes y oe` pristklke, i` oe`trfsti oe` ces prehuotes k`hustrkfcis i` dfsf. Ce oufc ci pirdkti tiìr u` ejkoke, hisfrreccfrsi prejiske`fcdi`ti

u ejrioir sus prehuotes tf`te i` Fcdiräf, oede i` ic riste hic istfhe e ixtrf`gire.

- Ces ticfris (qui irf Fcdiräf ti`kf u`f k`hustrkf pu`tirf y hi kdpertfòkf k`tir`foke`fc

i` isf ëpeof)

- Cf Fcjfriräf (oe` cfrlf trfhkokÿ` ofsk ixtk`tf i` Fcdiräf pire sklui vkvf i` he`hi mf

ccilfhe ic cilfhe y hkæsperf F`hfcusä). Kòcuyi`he pkizfs frquiecÿlkofs hi cf mksterkf hi cf

fcjfriräf i` Fcdiräf.




dfèceycfkcfNldfkc.oed tcjè/wmft ̧ sYp/Ckì ::: 899 9:< ^ælk`f :; hi 6>;

- Fdftkstirkf (oe` cfrlf trfhkokÿ` ofsk ixtk`tf i` Fcdiräf pire sklui vkvf i` he`hi mf

ccilfhe ic cilfhe y hkæsperf F`hfcusä). Kòcuyi`he pkizfs frquiecÿlkofs hi cf mksterkf hi cf

fcjfriräf i` Fcdiräf.

Rioupiræ`hesi tëo`kofs y pkizfs hi cf mksterkf F`hfcuzf y F`hfcusä, oede predeokÿ` hi

cf k`èvfokÿ` sebri istf bfsi, oe` duistrf hi pkizfs hi cfs hkstk`tfs ëpeofs. Fhidæs hi j edi`tfr

k`kokftkvfs hi ripfrfokÿ`, riokocfgi, su dfyer fpreviomfdki`te oede hi rioupirfokÿ` hi

dftirkfcis f`tklufdi`ti usfhes y idpcie hi dftirkfcis hi ofckhfh pire ioe`ÿdkoes

- Fcbfökciräf, i` sus hkstk`tes ejkokes, jerdæ`hesi tf`te hi cfs tëo`kofs trfhkoke`fcis e

idpcifhfs i` ic rikè hi Fcdiräf y su pestirker mksterkf, tf`te i` Fcdiräf, oede cf hkæsperf hisu pebcfokÿ` i k`tirfookÿ` oe` cfs oestudbris hi ces pfäsis y oucturfs he`hi mf` idklrfhe,

oede hi cfs k`dklrfokeìs riokbkhfs.

- Ofrpk`tiräf-, i` sus hkstk`tes ejkokes, jerdæ`hesi tf`te hi cfs tëo`kofs trfhkoke`fcis e

idpcifhfs i` ic rikè hi Fcdiräf y su pestirker mksterkf, tf`te i` Fcdiräf, oede cf hkæsperf hi

su pebcfokÿ` i k`tirfookÿ` oe` cfs oestudbris hi ces pfäsis y oucturfs he`hi mf` idklrfhe,

oede hi cfs k`dklrfokeìs riokbkhfs.

- Luktfrrires (tf`te hi cf trfhkokÿ` f`hfcuzf, jcfdiòf oede hi k`strudi`tes hi ouirhf hik`jcuiòkf f`hfcusä e qui ci mfyf k`jcuiòkfhe oede hi k`strudi`tes oe` dftirkfc riokocfhe e

riutkckzfhe). _i rifckzfräf per frtisfès, d÷skoes, fseokfokeìs, ixpirtes…i` ic dusie hi cf

Luktfrrf.

• Ftiìe Oucturfc y Oi`tre Ductkuses hi fseokfokeìs hic bfrrke –Wemfkr fc-Fdkrk— i`

ces ihkjkokes f`tklues i` cf pcfzf Lrfìre, oede ces hi fc cfhe, he`hi istfräf tfdbkë` u`f

Bkbcketiof-Cuhetiof (oe` OF^K) pfrf ic bfrrke…qui fc sir pifte`fc cf pcfzf y ofcci, pirdkti

silurkhfh y use pubckoe hi isti. Wemfkr fc-Fdkrk (6>2=-6>?=) silu`he riy hi Fcdiräf

Culfrti`ki`ti y suoiser hi Gfkræ` oede silu`he riy hi cf Xfkjf hi Fcdiräf. Irf tfdbkë` iscfve y

isocfve iuùoe hi Fcdf`zer, y fofbÿ cuomf`he bfge su df`he i` sus oe`tkùfs rfzzkfs sebri ces

rikès orkstkfès. _u jkhickhfh f Gfkræ` jui kòe`devkbci, foedpföæ`heci i` tehfs sus fotkvkhfhis

pecätkofs y luirrirfs. Oe`tkùÿ cf ebrf hi su prihioiser i` tehes ces fspiotes, oe`seckhf`he ces

ixti`ses cädktis hic rikè, y cf prespirkhfh hi cf okuhfh. Durkÿ ic ? hi fleste hi 6>?= i`

Lrf`fhf




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• Oistiräf y Of`fstirkf7 qui jui u`fs hi sus k`hustrkfs mfstf mfoi peoe tkidpe per ic

ispfrte, oede tkiì` u`f cfrlf trfhkokÿ` i` Fcdiräf, i` ic puibce lktfè y cf hkæsperf F`hfcusä

• Kdflkìräf Ricklkesf7 fpri`hkzfgi hic ejkoke, su mksterkf y hisfrrecce, hishi cf ëpeof hic

rikè hi Fcdiräf, mfstf cf fotufckhfh, kòcukhe ic cilfhe f`hfcusä. Fsä si cis jerdfräf i` cfs

hkvirsfs tëo`kofs oede su fpckofokÿ` f ebrfs ricklkesfs orkstkf`fs, dusucdf`fs y guhäfs.

• Frtisfès hi cf pkihrf7 he`hi Fcdiräf is u`f petiòkf du`hkfc, mfstf fmerf oe` ic

dærdec y etrfs pkihrfs, oede su tfccfhe.

• _fcfzeìs y Oe`sirvfokÿ` hic îsofhe oede etres fckdi`tes7 qui jui u`fs hi sus

k`hustrkfs mfstf mfoi peoe tkidpe dæs sebrisfcki`tis per cf pisof i` Fcdiräf, oede hi cfflrkoucturf, y su oediroke, oede tkiì` u`f cfrlf trfhkokÿ` pepucfr i` Fcdiräf y cf hkæsperf

F`hfcusä.

• Mirrires y jergfs7 qui jui u`fs hi sus k`hustrkfs mfstf mfoi peoe tkidpe per ic ispfrte,

oede tkiì` u`f cfrlf trfhkokÿ` i` Fcdiräf, i` ic puibce lktfè y cf hkæsperf F`hfcusä. Ic

igidpce dfs ocfre se` cf rkof vfrkihfh hi i`rigfhes ixksti`tis i` Fcdiräf.

• _fstriräf, Oesturirkf, Dehkstfs y Wfpftires (tf`te hi rioupirfokÿ` hi trfgis y pri`hfs

hi cf mksterkf F`hfcuzf y F`hfcusä, oede k`èvfokÿ` sebri istf bfsi, oe` duistrf hi pkizfs hicfs hkstk`tfs ëpeofs). Fhidæs hi jedi`tfr k`kokftkvfs hi ripfrfokÿ`, riokocfgi, su dfyer

fpreviomfdki`te oede hi rioupirfokÿ` hi tixtkcis f`tklufdi`ti usfhe y idpcie hi tixtkcis hi

ofckhfh pire ioe`ÿdkoes)

• Frtisf`äf i` K`strudi`tes hi îrouskÿ`7 Ofgÿ` Jcfdiòe, Hgidbi, Hfrbuaf, tfdberis

pertætkcis, ofstföuicfs, pf`hiritfs, zfdbedbfs, be`les i k`strudi`tes hi pirouskÿ` oe`

dftirkfcis riokocfhes. Fhidæs hi ripfrfokÿ` y orifokÿ` hi pirouskeìs oe` dftirkfc riokocfhe

oede hi bfge oesti Oi`tre hi k`tirpritfokÿ` (skluki`he ic dehice hic dusie hi cf luktfrrf).Destræ`hesi ces

hkjiri`tis k`strudi`tes, su oe`tixte y su mksterkf, ricfoke`fhf oe` ic du`he f`hfcusä.

Ces tfcciris siræ` kdpfrtkhes per frtisfès, d÷skoes, fseokfokeìs y ixpirtes, qui fhidæs hi

cf peskbkckhfh hi cf jerdfokÿ` hi frtisfè mfbræ jerdfokÿ` pfrf fpri`hir f teofrcesi` lrupe,

oede ic fpri`hkzfgi hi d÷skofs y rktdes hic jcfdiòe, hi cf d÷skof f`hfcusä y su hkæsperf

oede hi cf k`jcuiòkf bkhkriooke`fc hi cf d÷skof fjrkof`f, èrtifjrkof`f, fdirkof`f, iurepif y

hic distkzfgi duskofc, i` qui mf mfbkhe y mfy. Fhidæs hi cfs mfbkckhfhis tëo`kofs si cis




dfèceycfkcfNldfkc.oed tcjè/wmft ̧ sYp/Ckì ::: 899 9:< ^ælk`f <6 hi 6>;

i`siöfrf mfbkckhfhis pfrf ic trfbfge i` iqukpe oede mfbkckhfhis seokfcis y predeokÿ` hi

mæbktes sfcuhfbcis.

Ces k`strudi`tes qui frrilci` e orii`, siræ` hi su prepkihfh, fc jk`fckzfr ic tfccir.

• Lfstreèdäf y Oeok`f7 tf`te Hi oedkhfs trfhkoke`fcis f`hfcusäis y su hkæsperf,

ductkoucturfcis oede iqukckbrfhfs y ioe`ÿdkofs pfrf fjre`tfr cf orksks y cf dfcùtrkokÿ`, oede

tfdbkë` oedkhfs sfcuhfbcis (kòcukhfs cfs hi ofræotir ioecÿlkoe, vilitfrkfè y vilfès). He`hi

fseokfokeìs, ixpirtes, prejiske`fcis hi cf mesticiräf, isouicf hi mesticiräf, oede oeokìres è

prejiske`fcis pire sfbiheris hi cf lfstreèdäf pepucfr, siræ` ces frtäjkois hi cf jerdfokÿ`.

Fhidæs hi cfs mfbkckhfhis tëo`kofs si cis i`siöfrf mfbkckhfhis pfrf ic trfbfge i` iqukpe oede

mfbkckhfhis seokfcis y predeokÿ` hi mæbktes sfcuhfbcis. Fhidæs si cis i`siöfrf df`kpucfokÿ`

hi fckdi`tes, mklkiì y priviòkÿ` hi rkisles, hkitëtkof y mæbktes hi oe`sude sfcuhfbcis hi

fckdi`tes. Oede kòcukräf cf rioupirfokÿ` hi fckdi`tes hi cf hkitf dihktirræìf e qui

mkstÿrkofdi`ti si mf` oe`sudkhe y fmerf istæ` i` hisuse, sebri tehe Mertfckzfs, virhurfs,

jrutfs…

I` cfs meluirfs, jkistfs pepucfris y etres ivi`tes ixtirès, fhidæs si jerdfrf y oecfberfrfòe` fcudès hi cf isouicf hi mesticiräf, i` mfoir cfs trfhkoke`fcis pftftfs, be`kftes, ofstföfs y

etres fckdi`tes täpkoes fcdirki`sis y prehuotes hi cf hkvirskhfh oucturfc, pirdktki`he cf

pcurfckhfh i kòcuskvkhfh lfstre`ÿdkof, pfrf tehf cf okuhfhf`äf, dæs fccæ hi sus mæbktes

oucturfcis fckdi`tkokes.

• Etres ejkokes frtisf`fcis y piquiöfs k`hustrkfs.

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Fc-Lfsf`ä jui u`f dugir ouyf fdpcäskdf oucturf hiscudbrÿ i` cf oerti hi Gfkræ`, fc qui hihkoÿ

vfrkfs oedpeskokeìs, i`tri iccfs u`f cfrlf ofskhf hi ixfctfokÿ` y fcfbf`zf hi su jklurf (fc istkce

hi cf hi Fbuedfr), ouye tixte si oe`sirvf oedpcite.





Bfsfhes i` ces prelrfdfs prisi`tfhes per cf fseokfokÿ` F.O.F. pfrf cf rifckzfokÿ` hi istfs

fotkvkhfhis si oe`tfrf oe` icces, pfrf qui oecfberi`.

_i mfræ` lrupes ductkoucturfcis, hf`he prkerkhfh f dugiris, gÿviìs pirse`fs oe` hksofpfokhfh,

trfsterès…oede i` sktufokÿ` hi ixocuskÿ` seokfc, fhidæs hi ces qui yf tkiì` oeèokdki`te,

detkvfokÿ` y ixpirkiòkf i` istes tidfs.

_i jerdfrf tf`te fspiotes tëo`koes, mfbkckhfhis, pskoeseokfcis oede mkstÿrkoes hi cf ëpeof hi

ces tfkjfs, f`hfcusä y su hkæsperf oede hi ductkoucturfckhfh.

Ces de`kteris oe t̀frf` oe` cf oecfberfokÿ` hi frtkstfs (prejiske`fcis oede è prejiske`fcis

pire oe` vfcäf, hi ofhf fotkvkhfh pcf`tifhf. ) hi istf tidætkof, pfrf cf jerdfokÿ` per su

ixpirkiòkf, fptktuh y fotktuh sebri cfs fotkvkhfhis, prkerkzæ`hesi sk se` hi cf ze`f, tkiì`

hksofpfokhfh, rkisle hi ixocuskÿ` seokfc u etres jfoteris hi vucìrfokÿ` seokfc. Oede tfdbkë`

pfrtkokpfrf` ixpirtes, vecu`tfrkes, erlf k̀zfokeìs, i`tkhfhis…ricfoke`fhes oe` cf jerdfokÿ`.

Idpcif`he cf d÷skof oede ci`lufgi u`kvirsfc, distkzfgi y hi fpri`hkzfgi oucturfc tf`te ic mkp-

mep, bcfoa dusko, ic rillfi, ic jcfdiòe y d÷skofs previ`ki`tis hi cf k`dklrfokÿ` oede hi cfs

frtis (i` oeòrite cf duskofc, hi trf`sdkskÿ` erfc e isorktf) f`hfcuzfs, f`hfcusäs y su hkæsperf

(kòcukhf cf juskÿ` oe` etrfs d÷skofs y oucturfs, oede is ic ofse hic Rfå, L`fwf…), tf`te

trfhkoke`fcis, pepucfris y hi cf cktirfturf.

Ces tidfs f jerdfr y hkju`hkr i` ces tfcciris, tfdbkë` siræ`7 pirse`fgis, mksterkfs, pfksfgis hic

dkci`ke hi Fcdiräf oede f`hfcusäis, qui si si`skbkckoi, k`jerdi y privi`lf sebri ic oe`sude

hi hrelfs, predeoke`fr cf kòcuskvkhfh, ispiokfcdi`ti hi pirse`fs oe` hksofpfokhfh, trfsterès,

i`jirdihfhis e i` vucìrfbkckhfh seokfc, u etres tidfs hi fotufokÿ` pskoeseokfc e rijerzfherishic fpri`hkzfgi isoecfr

I` Jkistfs pepucfris y ivi`tes hic dkci`ke fotufräf` ces pfrtkokpf`tis.

^frf tfcis jkìs si rifckzfrf`7

• Xfcciris hi Hg hklktfc 7 _i jerdfrf i` cfs d÷skofs y oucturfs, oedi`tfhfs fc prkòkpke, he`hi si

ci i`siöfrf cfs tëo`kofs y mfbkckhfhis hic hg, pfrf cf juskÿ` hi istes rktdes y d÷skofs.




dfèceycfkcfNldfkc.oed tcjè/wmft ̧ sYp/Ckì ::: 899 9:< ^ælk`f <? hi 6>;

• Xfcciris hi Rkdfs7 Jerdfokÿ` i` oedpeskokÿ` y dëtrkof peëtkof, tf`te hic rfp, ripi`tksde, cf

trevf, silukhkccf y cfs hi eräliìs f`hfcusäis, i` ispiokfc hi jui`tis hi trf`sdkskÿ` erfc y isorktf,

Rioupiræ`hesi peitfs hi cf ëpeof hi tfkjfs oede hic pirkehe f`hfcusä y su hkæsperf.

Istes ×ctkdes si idpcifrf` sus oedpeskokeìs pfrf riorifrcfs i` ces istkces prkdires hitfccfhes,

mfbki`he u`f hebci cfber cf k`vistklfherf per ces pfrtkokpf`tis y de`kteris oede hi utkckzfokÿ`

hi istfs ebrfs.

Ic Rfp is ic devkdki`te seokeoucturfc dæs ixpf`skve i`tri ces gÿviìs fotufcdi`ti, ski`he u`

pu`te hi oemiskÿ` hi gÿviìs hi hkstk`tfs oucturfs i` Fcdiräf oede hi ces pfäsis he`hi mf

ccilfhe ic cilfhe F`hfcusä (y vkoivirsf).

Cf trevf is pfrti hi cf d÷skof trfhkoke`fc fcdirki`si, lrf` hisoeèokhf pfrf cf guvi`tuh, cf oufc

si jerdfrf pfrf rioupirfr y rivktfckzfr, oede cfzes oe` cf trfhkokÿ` f`hfcusä, dihktirræìf y

fjrkof`f hi ces lrkets (sflfs jfdkckfris hi frtkstfs mirihires i` pfrti hi ces gulcfris ærfbis y

f`hfcusäis, oede rfäz hic rfp, i` ces ìlres fjrefdirkofès.

Ic Ripi`tksde, tfdbkë` is u` lëìre ricfoke`fhe oe` cf trfhkokÿ` hi cf trevf y su ixti`skÿ` i`cf hkæsperf f`hfcusä, cf mkspf`khfh, ispiokfcdi`ti i` Fdërkof, fhidæs hi cf ricfokÿ` oe` cf

peisäf, ces guiles hi pfcfbrfs y oe` ic rfp.

_ilukhkccf, pfce jcfdiòe virsfhe duy skdkcfr f cfs f`tirkeris, oe`tf`he ic jfoter hi detkvfokÿ`

y trfhkokÿ` f rioupirfr y rivktfckzfr hic jcfdiòe, qui istf duy frrfklfhe i` ic bfrrke, pire si

istf hkcuyi`he.

Fhidæs hi cf jerdfokÿ` ispiokjkof si mfräf` fotkvkhfhis hi juskeìs i`tri fdbes.

• Xfcciris y Oeòurse hi Lrfjktks 7Ces detkves hi ces lrfjktks siræ` oe` pirse`fgis, mksterkfs,

pfksfgis u ebrfs ricfoke`fhes oe` ic rikè hi tfkjfs hi Fcdiräf.

_i oihiræ` dures hi cfs ofccis hi ces bfrrkes hic ofsoe mkstÿrkoe Fcdirki`si, pfrf cf rifckzfokÿ`

y ixmkbkokÿ` hi ces lrfjktks.





Oede mfbræ u` oeòurse k`tir`foke`fc hi lrfjktk, qui ces beoites diger vfcerfhes hi ces

frtkstfs, siræ` pk`tfhes i` k`tirkeris hi ihkjkokes mkstÿrkoes, idbcidætkoes i k`stktuoke`fcis,

oede ebrfs hi frti qui si puihf` prisirvfr i` ic tkidpe y cfs okrou`stfòkfs.

Isti Oeòurse oe`tkùfrf ihktæ`hesi fùfcdi`ti i` jiomfs hi cf jirkf hi Fcdiräf, oe` ces

dksdes detkves frtästkoes, yf ixpuistes.

• Xfcciris hi Brifa-hfòi

Brifairs vitirfès hi cf isoi`f fcdirki`si, pu`tirf f `kvic k`tir`foke`fc hisfrreccfrf` isti

tfccir, qui silukræ cf cäìf hi ces etres tfcciris, pire jerdf`he i` ic brifa hfòi, oede su juskÿ`

oe` ic jcfdiòe oede oe` cf d÷skof prehuote hi cf ductkoucturfckhfh hic bfrrke (dflribäis,

cftkès, fjrkofès…) y hi cf oucturf oede d÷skof F`hfcusä y sus juskeìs.

• Xfcciris y oeòurse hi prehuookÿ` duskofc

_i jerdfrf i` prehuookÿ` duskofc, ispiokfcdi`ti f frtkstfs hic Ofsoe mkstÿrkoe (qui is cf ou`f

y vkvire hic jcfdiòe fcdirki`si) pfrf prehuokr f istes oede istes f pri`hfr f prehuokr f etres

d÷skoes y d÷skofs ductkoucturfcis, f`hfcusäs y distkzfgi.

Fpri`hiræ` tf`te cf pfrti tëo`kof y prfotkof hi cf d÷skof f`hfcusä, su hkæsperf oede cf juskÿ`

oe` etrfs d÷skofs y oucturfs.

_i rifckzfrf tfdbkë` u` oeòurse f `kvic k`tir`foke`fc hi prehuookeìs hi d÷skof f`hfcusä y

juskÿ` (oe` etres istkces y lëìres duskofcis), ihktæ`hesi u` hebci æcbud, tf`te i` oh oede hi

hisofrlf e`ckì, y cf prehuookÿ` vkhieockps i` Fcdiräf, hic tidf hi ofhf frtkstf lf`fher.

Oekòkhkë`hece oe` ic Jistkvfc –Fcfdfr—

Isti oeòurse si df`ti`hræ i` skluki`tis ihkokeìs, pfrf silukr rioupirf`he y rivktfckzf`he, i`

ispiokfc f cf guvi`tuh, ic cilfhe hic rikè hi tfkjfs y f`hfcusä oede cf k`tiroucturfckhfh.





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! Jkistfs hi cf okuhfh hi Fcdiräf, kòerperf`he y oe`tixtufckzæ`hecfs fc dkci`ke, oede ic

hisfrrecce hi fotkvkhfhis i k`tirviòkeìs qui ce duistri` p÷bckofdi`ti, oede puihi sir ic

frrilce hi ofbfclftfs y ofrrezfs, ofr`fvfcis, jkistfs hi ces bfrrkes, oe` istes detkves y

fookeìs, fccä i`dfrofhfs.

! Df`ti`kdki`te y frrilce hic dftirkfc hi Lklf`tis y Ofbizuhes, oede kòerperfokÿ`

hi dfs pirse`fgis hic dkci`ke hic rikè hi Fcdiräf, ic îrkehe hi Xfkjfs y F`hfcusä …Fdpckfokÿ` hi Hkf`fs hi istes f dfs jistkvkhfhis y ofbfclftfs u fotkvkhfhis.

^frtkokpfokÿ` hi ces dièris hi ces oi`tres ihuoftkves oede lklf`tis e ofbizuhes,

hipi`hki`he sk se` dièris e dfyeris hi ihfh, oede u`f jerdfokÿ` privkf.

! Kòerperfokÿ` f cfs hkf`fs, hi u` lrupe hi L`fwf pfrf f`kdfokÿ` jistkvf y

si`skbkckzfokÿ` mkstÿrkof7 si rifckzfrf u` tfccir hi jerdfokÿ` y ihuofokÿ` sebri iste, oede hi

fpri`hkzfgi duskofc, hi vistufrke, mksterkf y etres ricivf`tis, i` ispiokfc ricfoke`fhes oe` ic

ærif. Ic erkli` hi cf d÷skof L`fwf istf istriomfdi`ti ricfoke`fhe oe` cf tidætkof hic

dkci`ke hic rikè hi Fcdiräf, yf qui su erkli` y hisfrrecce i` ic Dflrib, prevkiì` hi cfs

oejrfhäfs sujäis y cf hkæsperf f`hfcusä pestirker, cf oufc si juske`f oe` cf ærfbi y birëbir hi

cfs okuhfhis dflribäs, duomfs hi erkli` e oe`skhirfbci pebcfokÿ` f`hfcusä oede hic fjrkof`f

ìlrf, juske`f`he istes ? du`hes oucturfcis, ricklkeses, duskofcis y jistkves (f`hfcusä,

dflribä y ìlre, i` okuhfhis mkstÿrkofs oede Dfrrfaiom, Xf`lir, _fci…). Is tehe u`

sädbece y igidpce hi skòritksde i k`tiroucturfckhfh, preyiotfbci f cf ductkoucturfckhfh

fcdirki`si. Xfdbkë` Fotufrkf ic Xfccir hi îrouskÿ`.

! Kòerperfokÿ` f cfs hkf`fs, hi u` lrupe hi d÷skof fjre-Fdirkofè pfrf f`kdfokÿ`

jistkvf y si`skbkckzfokÿ` mkstÿrkof, teof`he rktdes y d÷skofs hi k`jcuiòkf f`hfcusäs i` Æjrkof

y Fdërkof, oede su vuictf f cf oucturf f`hfcuzf/ispföecfs. Xfdbkë` Fotufrkf ic Xfccir hi

îrouskÿ`.

! Fotkvkhfhis hi i`tkhfhis pubckofs y prkvfhfs, Xigkhe Fseokftkve, qui su prelrfdfokÿ`

mfoircf oekòkhkr oe` cf hic Dkci`ke y/e Jistkvkhfhis êpucfris, pfrf qui istfs sif` kòcuskvfs




dfèceycfkcfNldfkc.oed tcjè/wmft ̧ sYp/Ckì ::: 899 9:< ^ælk`f <: hi 6>;

! _idf`f _f`tf

Zksktfs Lukfhfs i K`jerdftkvfs f7

- Deùdi`tes Ricklkeses (he`hi fhidæs si oeèoiräf su mksterkf, vfcer frtästkoe, ioe`ÿdkoe,

seokeoucturfc y mudfè,)7 Oe`vi`tes, Xidpces y etres ihkjkokes mkstÿrkoes Oftÿckoes oede

vksktfs he`hi istuvkire` dizquktfs, etres tidpces orkstkfès y sk`flelfs, ic oufc si k`jerdfräf y

i`siöfräf sebri icces. Xfdbkë` si vksktfräf Xidpces hi cf Klciskf ivf`lëckofs oede hi etrfs

virtki`tis hic orkstkf`ksde, dusucdf`fs (i` sus hkstk`tfs virtki`tis) y oi`tres buhkstfs oede hic

pfrqui.

- Cfber seokeoucturfc, i` ispiokfc seckhfrkfs, qui rifckzf` istfs ricklkeìs i` ic Ofsoe Mkstÿrkoe.

- _ubtirræìes hi ces tidpces y deùdi`tes

- Ofsfs Mirdf`hfh, Oejrfhäfs y Dusies

- Omfrcfs-hibfti i` ces oi`tres oe` riprisi`tf`tis hi7 klciskfs orkstkf`fs, oedu`khfhis

dusucdf`fs, guhäes sijfrhäis, buhkstfs oede etres riskhi`tis i` cf ze`f. Xfdbkë` pfrtkokpfräf`

fl`ÿstkoes y fties, fhidæs hi ixpirtes sebri cfs ricklkeìs. Istf Omfrcf-Hibfti virsfräf tf`te

hi cf ëpeof hi cf tfkjf hi Fcdiräf, ic cilfhe f`hfcusä y su hkæsperf, mfstf su mksterkf fotufc i`

F`hfcuoäf.

- Hilustfokÿ` hi bibkhfs y pcftes täpkoes hi ces oe`vi`tes, hi sidf`f sf`tf y hi etrfs ricklkeìs.

! Häf hi @fvkhfh

- Oeòurse y tfcciris hi Zkccfòkoes, tf`te trfhkoke`fcis fcdirki`sis. Jcfdiòes y

ductkoucturfcis, y rioerrkhe per istfbciokdki`tes hic ofsoe mkstÿrkoe y i`tkhfhis pubckofs,

ricklkesfs e prkvfhfs pfrf qui ci hi` fluk`fche i` ic ofse hi gÿviìs y dièris.




dfèceycfkcfNldfkc.oed tcjè/wmft ̧ sYp/Ckì ::: 899 9:< ^ælk`f << hi 6>;

- _tf`h hi vi`tf hi pestris y oedkhfs trfhkoke`fcis orkstkf`fs f`hfcusäis, `fvkhiöfs y

ductkoucturfcis (per erlf`kzfokeìs ricklkesfs, fseokfokeìs, pydis, y viokès hic ofsoe

mkstÿrkoe) oede Hilustfokÿ` hi bibkhfs ductkoucturfcis sk` fcoemec

• Rioupirfokÿ` hi cf Jkistf hi @eomi Zkigf i` cf ^cfzf Zkigf

Rioupirfokÿ` hi cfs trfhkoke`fcis ofdpf`fhfs i` cf pcfzf vkigf, ebsiqukæ`hesi fc p÷bckoe oe`

uvfs y u` pfoa hi èomi vkigf, dfsofrfs, dftfsuilrfs, ito... _ki`he lrftukte y fbkirte fc pubckoe

i` liìrfc, kòcukhe jfdkckfs, f oe`hkokÿ` qui i` ic skluki`ti Bfkci hi hksjrfois, vi`lf` tf`tehksjrfzfhes e i`dfsofrfhes, oede sk è vk`kirf`, si ci pk`tfrf cf ofrf e rilfcfräf dfsofrfs ,

ofrfotirkzæ`hesi i` ic oe`tixte hic rikè hi tfkjfs y su cilfhe. Oe` fotufokeìs hi pfsfofccis y hi

lrupes hi d÷skof k`tiroucturfc7 Rudbf, D÷skof Cftk`f, dflribä, Fjrkof`f, Lktf`f, hi Iurepf hic

isti, distkzfgi. Hishi cfs 62 mfstf cf dfhrulfhf

Mfbräf _tf`hs hic tigkhe fseokftkve seokeoucturfc, viok`fc, k`dklrf`tis, ductkoucturfc, hi pirse`fs

oe` trfsterès e hksofpfokhfhis… he`hi oedirokfckoi` prehuotes lfstre`ÿdkoe y bibkhfs,

dfsofrfs, pk`turf jfokfc i` ic dedi`te, fotkvkhfhis oedpcidi`tfrkfs, ito...…

Hilustfokeìs lrftuktfs hi bibkhfs ductkoucturfcis sk` fcoemec, i`tri iccfs, bibkhfs hi cf ëpeof hi

tfkjfs, f`hfcusäs, su cilfhe y hkæsperf.

ûiste k`jerdftkve sebri ic oe`sude hi hrelfs y qui ic pubckoe sk mf oe`sudkhe, si ci mflf

pruibfs vecu`tfrkfs pfrf hitiotfrci ic tkpe, lrfhe y oede ci mf fjiotfhe

• Ofr`fvfc

- Zuictf hic Oeòurse hic Ofr`fvfc ic Xiftre –Oirvf`tis— oede dfs fpeye fc Ofr`fvfc i` cf

ofcci y i` ic bfrrke hi îsofhirkf-CfOmfòf.

- Fhidæs hi cfs trfhkoke`fcis jkistfs hi ofr`fvfc y fotufokeìs hi flrupfokeìs hi ofr`fvfc i`

cfs ofccis hic ofsoe mkstÿrkoe, sebri tehe i` ic bfrrke hi îsofhiräf-Cf Omfòf, kòcuyi`he u`

trfbfge privke oe` ces oi`tres ihuoftkves pfrf qui i` ofhf uè mkokirf` sus prepkfs

flrupfokeìs, qui fotufräf` i` isti ofr`fvfc hi ofcci, oe`tixtufckzfhe tf`te iste oede su

ofbfclftf i` cf oicibrfokÿ` hic dkci`ke hi Fcdiräf.




dfèceycfkcfNldfkc.oed tcjè/wmft ̧ sYp/Ckì ::: 899 9:< ^ælk`f <= hi 6>;

- Xfdbkë` Mfbräf u`f rioupirfokÿ` hi cfs bfkcis hi ofr`fvfc i` cf pcfzf vkigf, i` merfrke

èoturè hic jk` hi sidf`f hurf`ti ic ofr`fvfc. _ki`he istfs lrftuktfs y fbkirtfs fc pubckoe i`

liìrfc, kòcukhe jfdkckfs, f oe`hkokÿ` qui vi`lf` tf`te hksjrfzfhes e i`dfsofrfhes, oede sk

è vk`kirf`, si ci pk`tfrf cf ofrf e rilfcfräf dfsofrfs , ofrfotirkzæ`hesi i` ic oe`tixte hic rikè

hi tfkjfs y su cilfhe. Oe` fotufokeìs hi pfsfofccis y hi lrupes hi d÷skof k`tiroucturfc7

Rudbf, D÷skof Cftk`f, dflribä, Fjrkof`f, Lktf`f, hi Iurepf hic isti, distkzfgi. Hishi cfs 62

mfstf cf dfhrulfhf

Mfbräf _tf`hs hic tigkhe fseokftkve seokeoucturfc, viok`fc, k`dklrf`tis, ductkoucturfc, hi pirse`fsoe` trfsterès e hksofpfokhfhis… he`hi oedirokfckoi` prehuotes lfstre`ÿdkoe y bibkhfs,

dfsofrfs, pk`turf jfokfc i` ic dedi`te, fotkvkhfhis oedpcidi`tfrkfs, ito...…

Hilustfokeìs lrftuktfs hi bibkhfs ductkoucturfcis sk` fcoemec, i`tri iccfs, bibkhfs hi cf ëpeof hi

tfkjfs, f`hfcusäs, su cilfhe y hkæsperf.

ûiste k`jerdftkve sebri ic oe`sude hi hrelfs y qui ic pubckoe sk mf oe`sudkhe, si ci mflf

pruibfs vecu`tfrkfs pfrf hitiotfrci ic tkpe, lrfhe y oede ci mf fjiotfhe

• Häf hi _f` Zfci`tä` –Ic oeccfr hi cf pfcedf –i` cf pcfzf hi tfc èdbri

- Guiles Jcerfcis ckbris sebri ic Fder, he`hi rioktfrf` tf`te peidfs hi cf ëpeof hic rikè hi

Fcdiräf sus peisäfs (peitfs prejiske`fcis, fdftiur, okuhfhfès, fcudès hi oi`tres ihuoftkves

- Oecfberfokÿ`, predeokÿ` y trfscfhe hi cfs fotkvkhfhis hi cf –BI_FHF—, qui hurf`ti vfrkes

föes oecilf, ofpfoktfrti y etrfs erlf`kzfokeìs oede oeciotkves mf` rifckzfhe

- oeceofokÿ` hi of`hfhes hi fder per okuhfhfès, oe` virses hi fder hi peitfs hic rikè hi

tfkjfs

- Fotkvkhfhis hi _i`skbkckzfokÿ` i` cf klufchfh i` cf hkvirskhfh hi erki`tfokeìs sixufcis (oe`trf

prigukokes y istirietkpes dfomkstfs y medejÿbkoes) oede Xfcciris hi erki`tfokÿ` sixufc y

ihuofre` fjiotkvf, oede hi priviòkÿ` hi oe`sude hi hrelfs y hi I`jirdihfhis hi

Xrf`sdkskÿ` sixufc. Ces oufcis si kdpfrtkræ` i` ces oi`tres ihuoftkves. Kòcuyi`he pirspiotkvfs

hi liìre, kòcuskÿ` hi pirse`fs oe` hksofpfokhfh y oe` i`jequis ductkoucturfcis.




dfèceycfkcfNldfkc.oed tcjè/wmft ̧ sYp/Ckì ::: 899 9:< ^ælk`f <; hi 6>;

Cf pfz y cf silurkhfh qui ejrioäf Fcdiräf y cf prespirkhfh ioe`ÿdkof qui isf pfz mfoäf peskbci,

è sece ftrfge f pecätkoes y dkcktfris pirsilukhes, skè f tehe tkpe hi sfbkes y frtkstfs, oe` ces qui

Gfkræ` priti`hkÿ riorifr ic ispci`her oucturfc hi cf oerti ofckjfc. I`tri ces cktirftes foelkhes per

ëc si iòui`trf Fbë` Mfzfd futer hi –Ic oeccfr hi cf pfcedf— trftfhe sebri ic fder

• Jkistf hi cf Mkspf`khfh i` cf ^cfzf Zkigf

- Oecfberfokÿ`, predeokÿ` y trfscfhe hi cfs fotkvkhfhis qui rifckzf` cfs hkstk`tfs fseokfokeìs

ductkoucturfcis i k`dklrf`tis. (fseokfokÿ` Fdkle y Fcdiräf pfrf tehes, qui sk istfs è si peì`

hi fouirhe, hæ`hecis f uès cf dföf`f y etre cf tfrhi-èomi. Fpeyf`he cfs fotkvkhfhis qui

prepe`lf` y rifckzf`, oede se` cfs jkistfs ductkoucturfcis qui mfoi`, fhidæs hi qui puihf`

mfbir puistes pfrf cf vi`tf hi lfstreèdäf mkspfèfdirkof`f, fjrkof`f, iscfvf y f`hfcusä.

- Fotkvkhfhis y ixmkbkokeìs hipertkvfs ductkoucturfcis, hic rikè hi Fcdiräf y pfrfcädpkofs.

- Omfrcfs hibfti pfrf ic Oeèokdki`te y hkjuskÿ` hi cf seokihfh ductkoucturfc y pcurkit`kof

(ispföecis, biribiris, ærfbis, mibries, mkspfèrredfès, vksklehes, ìlres, iscfves) oede i`

cf ëpeof hic rikè hi tfkjfs, f`hfcusä oede ic distkzfgi qui si prehuge, kòcukhe i` su hkæsperf

y cf trfähf hi isocfves f Ispföf. Xfdbkë` i` cfs Omfrcfs y Oe`jiriòkfs si trftfrf cf k`jcuiòkf

F`hfcusä (dusucdf`f y sijfrhä) i` Fdërkof, oe` ixmkbkokÿ` y ixpeskokÿ` hi istf, i` u` ihkjkoke

mkstÿrkoe idbcidætkoe hic Ofsoe Mkstÿrkoe.

! Jkistfs hic Zkrli` hic Ofrdi`, Zkrli` hic Dfr y Etrfs ricfoke`fhfs oe` cf Dfr I` isf

sidf`f hi Oicibrfokeìs e jkistfs pepucfris, orifr cf oe`diderfokÿ` y prelrfdfokÿ` hi

fotkvkhfhis ic dfr qui tiìdes i` Fcdiräf, qui siræ hi`tre hic Dkci`ke, ic dfr hi Fcdiräf (fsä

irf ccfdfhe i` okirtfs ëpeofs) ic Dfr hi Fcberæ`, mfoki`he fotkvkhfhis y fookeìs hi

si`skbkckzfokÿ` dihkefdbki`tfcis, ioecÿlkofs y hic dihke dfrkè. I` cfs hic dihke dfrkè

kòcukräf tf`te vksktfs lukfhfs per cf oestf, oede fc dfr hi Fcberæ`, i` bfroes turästkoes e ic

hksiöe hi u` prelrfdf he`hi bfroes pisquires, duistri` istfs oestfs y cf dfr, fhidæs hi qui

mfyf luäfs k`jerdftkves y si`skbkckzfokÿ` hi ce f`tirkerdi`ti oedi`tfhe, oede i` etres




dfèceycfkcfNldfkc.oed tcjè/wmft ̧ sYp/Ckì ::: 899 9:< ^ælk`f => hi 6>;

pisquires (vfofs y trfäöfs) siræ` ispiotfheris hi cfs cfberis oede pisofheris y i` etrfs siræ`

pfrtkokpf`tis, sil÷` si oe`vi`lf oe` ces pisofheris.

! Fctir`ftkvf fc î`hÿ`

_ i rièvfräf cf trfhkokÿ` hic pi`hÿ`, rihuoki`he ic pfpic trku`jfc hi ces riyis oftÿckoes y cf

fìxkÿ` hi Fcdiräf y ic rikè `fzfrä, tiftrfckzf`he cf ofpktucfokÿ` oede ces pu`tes fccä

foerhfhes, oede hi cfs oe`siouiòkfs ìlftkvfs qui oe`ccive, oede cf ripriskÿ` y hedk`fokÿ`

f dusucdfìs, guhäes y orkstkfès, cf pestirker oe`virskeìs jerzfhfs, hipertfokeìs y

ixpucskeìs. Oede risfctfr CF OE@ZKZI@OKF [ F_ÎOXE_ Ê_KXKZE_ HI CF IÊOF

HI XFKJF_ [ F@HFCY_KI_, oe` u`f Jkistf Ductkoucturfc, rioriæ`hesi cf Fcdiräf F`hfcusä,

oe` bibkhfs sk` fcoemec ductkoucturfcis y lrftuktfs, oede stf`h hi fseokfokeìs u etrfs i`tkhfhis

ricfoke`fhfs oe` cf oicibrfokÿ` hic dkci`ke hi Fcdiräf. Rihktæ`hesi tehes ces föes.

Oede tfdbkë` si fberhfräf cf oedpcigkhfh hi cf oe`qukstf hic rikè `fzfrä, yf qui mfbäf

tfdbkë` sechfhes dusucdfìs oedbftki`he y fpeyf`he f ces riyis oftÿckoes y orkstkfès

oedbftki`he y fpeyf`he fc rikè `fzfrä, fhidæs hi cfs oe`trfhkookeìs y hksputfs k`tir`fs qui

mube i` cf ëpeof, i` risudi` mfoir u`f diderkf mkstÿrkof gustf y hisdktkjkofherf.

• Rioupirfokÿ` hi trfhkokeìs i kòcuskvkhfh i` cfs Meluirfs hi _f` Guf` y _f` F`tÿ`7

- Oeòurse y Xfccir hi oe`jiookÿ` hi de`kletis oe` dftirkfc riokocfbci y vkige, pfrf su pestirker

quidf i` cfs meluirfs, oede cf jfokcktfokÿ` hi pfrti hi k`stktuokeìs y pfrtkoucfris hi dftirkfc

oe`sudkbci per ic juile. I` istf ihkokÿ` ofrfotirkzf`he fc oe`tixte hi cf oicibrfokÿ` hic rikè

hi Xfkjfs hi Fcdiräf.

- Cf pfrtkokpfokÿ` hic tigkhe fseokftkve i` cf rifckzfokÿ` hi meluirfs, oede hetfrcfs f iccfs y f

oeciotkves hic viok`hfrke per pfrti hic fyu`tfdki`te hi ùdiresfs pcfòmfs pfrf cf

pripfrfokÿ` hi fckdi`tes, oe` cf supirvkskÿ` hi ces de`kteris oede prejiske`fcis y fcudès

hi cf isouicf hi mesticiräf y u`f hetfokÿ` hi bedbires y pretiookÿ` okvkc, pfrf cf priviòkÿ`

hi fookhi`tis, k`jerdfokÿ` sebri silurkhfh y priviòkÿ` hi fookhi`tis fccä oede hedëstkoes

i` cf rifckzfokÿ` hi oedkhfs.




dfèceycfkcfNldfkc.oed tcjè/wmft ̧ sYp/Ckì ::: 899 9:< ^ælk`f =6 hi 6>;

Xfdbkë` mfbräf vecu`tfrkes hi i`tkhfhis oede ixpirtes, pfrf k`jerdfrcis sebri èokeìs

bæskofs hkitëtkofs oede predeokÿ` hi mæbktes hi oe`sude sfcuhfbcis y cf oerriotf df`kpucfokÿ`

hi fckdi`tes

- Hilustfokÿ` hi bibkhfs y Oedkhfs tf`te trfhkoke`fcis hi isfs jiomfs (i` _f` F`tÿ`, vkè oe`

mfbfs, dfrrfè, pftftfs y be`kftes, ofstföfs…y i` _f` Guf`, îsofhes y Ofrìs) oede prehuote

hi cf ductkoucturfckhfh y hkvirskhfh Fcdirki`si (bibkhfs sk` fcoemec, ofrìs è perok`fs,

fckdi`tes pfrf pirse`fs oe` prebcidfs dëhkoes…) . Oe` Xfcciris lfstre`ÿdkoes Ductkoucturfcis

privkes oe` ixpirtes y viokès hi Fcdiräf oeèoiheris hi istes pcftes y bibkhfs, he`hi si cii`siöi f pripfrfrces oede tfdbkë` f oeok`fr etres qui sif` ioe`ÿdkoes y bfges i` lrfsf pfrf

fsfrces i` cfs meluirfs, I K`jerdfokÿ` sebri hkitëtkof y mæbktes hi oe`sude sfcuhfbcis hi

fckdi`tes, sebri tehe fhfptfhes f ces isofses riourses ioe`ÿdkoes prepkes hi cf orksks.

• Jistkvfcis hi Jcfdiòe Fcdirki`si7

I` cf Jkistf hi cf Zkrli` hic Ofrdi` i` ic bfrrke hi îsofhiräf-Cf Omfòf (he`hi fotufräf`, ic

jk` hi sidf`f hi jkistfs, Jcfdiòes y Rudbires hic Ofsoe Mkstÿrkoe, i` ic Zfrfhire) y I` cfs

Jkistfs hi _f` F`tÿ`, si oicibrfräf i` ic f`tklue Disÿ` Lktfè, u` Jistkvfc hi Jcfdiòe hi

Gÿviìs Fcdirki`sis, i` ces tfrhis-èomis hic jk` hi sidf`f i` Jkistf.

• Rivktfckzfokÿ` hi cfs Jkistfs hi _f` F`tÿ` (oede cfs jkistfs hi K`vkirè hic Ofsoe Mkstÿrkoe

y I`jequi Dihkefdbki`tfc) Oe`tixtufckzæ`hece oe` cf oicibrfokÿ` hic Dkci`ke hi Fcdiräf y

fotkvkhfhis qui surgf`.

Fhidæs hi cfs fotkvkhfhis qui yf si rifckzf`, duomfs hi ofræotir trfhkoke`fc, erlf`kzfhfs i`

istfs jistkvkhfhis, tf`te per fseokfokeìs y viokès, oede se` cfs trfhkokeìs bi`hkokeìs hi ces

f`kdfcis, cf subfstf hic ræbkoe hi _f` F`tÿ`, preoiskeìs y Meluirfs trfhkoke`fcis, si ci hfräf

ùives i`jequis dfs kòcuskves, ihuoftkves i k`èvfheris.

Futerkzfokÿ` hi k`stfcfokÿ` hi Meluirfs f fseokfokeìs y oeciotkves hi viokès qui ce seckokti`,

i` cfs hkstk`tfs pcfzfs hic Ofsoe Mkstÿrkoe (hishi Ic _f`te, Jui`tiokof, Fcdihk`f, îsofhiräf-Cf

Omfòf, Meyf, Ofdpsf, Oirrkcce Mfdbri…), cfs oufcis pfrtkokpfrf` i` u` oeòurse f cf hi diger

ofckhfh, rioupirfokÿ` hi cf trfhkokÿ`, k`èvfokÿ` i kòcuskÿ`.





Fotkvkhfh Dihke Fdbki`tfc i` cf Meyf-îromfs, oe` cf ripebcfokÿ` hi frbecis jrutfcis y pcf`tfs

täpkofs i` isf ze`f, per pfrti hi fseokfokeìs, vecu`tfrkes, oi`tres ihuoftkves…

^frtkokpfokÿ` hi7 Ic tigkhe fseokftkve, oeciotkves, i`tkhfhis pubckofs e prkvfhfs, qui trfbfgf` cf

si`skbkckzfokÿ` dihkefdbki`tfc, ioecelkstfs i` ic bui` trfte f ces f`kdfcis, i` cf priviòkÿ` hi

dfces trftes f istes, i` cf k`tirviòkÿ` sebri istes dfctrftes, oeciotkves vilitfrkfès y vilfès,

f`kdfckstfs, f`tk tfurkès, oede pretioterfs hi f`kdfcis, sipre`f, y vitirk`frkes, oede pydis

hic bfrrke hi vi`tf y oukhfhe hi f`kdfcis pehræ` pfrtkokpfr7

- ^frtkokpf`he i` cfs fotkvkhfhis qui icces prepe`lf`

- Jirkf hi stf`hs, he`hi istë` riprisi`tfhes, he`hi k`jerdi`, mflf` fotkvkhfhis k`jerdftkvfs,

si`skbkckzfokÿ`, oedpcidi`tfrkfs, oede hi fhepokÿ` hi f`kdfcis fbf`he`fhes, ihuofokÿ` hi ces

f`kdfcis, si`skbkckzfokÿ` sebri cf ofzf jurtkvf, cf tiìòkf hi f`kdfcis pretilkhes e ixÿtkoes, e

tfcciris…cf oufc istfräf i` cf pcfzf y fcrihiheris hi cf irdktf hi _f` F`tÿ`.

- Mfbräf hilustfokeìs hi fpirktkves vilitfrkfès y vilfès, oede bibkhfs sk` fcoemec

- Oede etrfs fotkvkhfhis qui si pcf`tii` i` trfbfge i` rih oe` icces

- Ixmkbkokÿ` hi f`kdfcis fbf`he`fhes, sil÷` ispioki, pfrf predeoke`fr qui puihf` sir

fheptfhes

• Zksktfs lukfhfs f pebcfokeìs hi cf prevkòkf qui mfyf derirfs, he`hi si cis i`siöfrf cf

kdpertfòkf k`hustrkfc tixtkc hi fcdirkf, qui irf u` lrf` petiòkf hi su ipeof, i` ispiokfc hi cf

sihf oede etres tigkhes.

Xfdbkë` i` ises häfs ciotkves mfbræ vksktfs lukfhfs i k`jerdftkvfs fc pfrqui hi rioupirfokÿ` hi

f`kdfcis subsfmfrkfès i` cf meyf.

• Oeòurses i` cf _idf`f hi Jistkvkhfh hi _f` F`tÿ` hi7

- Oecedbkoucturf, suictf hi pfcedfs, hi pfcedires i` cf fcofzfbf




dfèceycfkcfNldfkc.oed tcjè/wmft ̧ sYp/Ckì ::: 899 9:< ^ælk`f =? hi 6>;

- oeòurse hi biccizf y ihuofokÿ`, hi ces f`kdfcis hic bfrrke (sil÷` ispioki) i` cf puirtf hi sf`

F`tÿ`

- Oeòurse hi of`tis hi of`frkes, virhireìs… i` cf puirtf hi sf` F`tÿ`

• Zkrli` hic Ofrdi` (rioupiræ`hecfs oede cfs Jkistfs ^ri-Jirkf y Lrf` Jirkf hic Ofsoe

mkstÿrkoe, i` ispiokfc îsofhiräf-Cf Omfòf, oede hi cf mksterkf y rifckhfh dfrkìrf hi

Fcdiräf). Oe`tixtufckzæ`hece oe` cf oicibrfokÿ` hic Dkci`ke hi Fcdiräf y fotkvkhfhis qui

surgf`.

- Oeòurse jfdkckfr hi pisof oe` oföf, buoie u etre k`strudi`te hi pisof trfhkoke`fc

- Xfccir hi rioupirfokÿ` i k`èvfokÿ` hi cf pisof trfhkoke`fc, oe` ces dëtehes, mirrfdki`tfs y

etres qui si idpcifbf` i` cf pisof trfhkoke`fc, oede rioupirfokÿ` hi cf mksterkf y tistkde`kes,

oede mksterkfs hi vkhfs, fhidæs hi i`siöfr cf pisof, pisofheris, dfrk`f y dfrkìres, i` cf

ëpeof f`hfcusä hi Fcdiräf oede su ëxehe, i k`jcuiòkfs qui mf` higfhe fquä oede i` etres

sktkes, oede sus mktes i kdpertfòkf qui tuvkire`…kòcukræ` tfcciris hi frquieceläf hi istfs

frtis y sfbiris trfhkoke`fcis, oede ricfberfokÿ` mfokë`hecfs dfùfcdi`ti e ripfrfherfs. tehe si

iste si ixpe`hræ jk`fcdi`ti i` ic oi`tre hi k`tirpritfokÿ` mkstÿrkof hic pfrqui, fc cfhe hi cf oruz

regf, pcf`tiæ`hesi qui i` u` ispfoke mkstÿrkoe- frquiecÿlkoe, puihf mfoirsi u` dusie e oi`tre

hi k`tirpritfokÿ` hi cf mksterkf y rifckhfh dfrkìrf hi Fcdiräf, oede mides hisorkte

f`tirkerdi`ti,

- _i mfræ u` tfccir pfrf mfoirsi sus oföfs oe` dftirkfc riokocfbci y icfberfokÿ` hi sibe

ioecÿlkoe oe` fckdi`tes riokocfes

- Ofrrirf f @fhe hi cf pcfyf hi cfs ecfs, oede etrf jistkvf hi idbfrofokeìs ìudætkofs f ride

(prkdf`he cf erklk`fckhfh y ic riokocfgi hi dftirkfc pfrf tfcis use)

- Mfbræ vksktfs lukfhfs fc dusie hi Fcdiräf, cf oejrfhäf hi pisofheris, cf ce`gf, fc duicci y ic

puirte, cf terri hi vklkcfòkf dfrätkdf, ic ofstkcce hi sf` Xicde oede etres qui si vif`

ricivf`tis.





_i oe`tkùfräf i` skluki`tis ihkokeìs, oe` cf fpertfokÿ` hi dæs k`kokftkvfs.

• I` cfs oruois hi dfye (Rioupirfr y rivktfckzfrcfs, oede qui sif` cfs Jkistfs hi

^rkdfvirf hi Fcdiräf) Oe`tixtufckzæ`hece oe` cf oicibrfokÿ` hic Dkci`ke hi Fcdiräf y

fotkvkhfhis qui surgf`.

- Fotkvkhfhis pfrf isoecfris hi Oi`tres ihuoftkves y Gÿviìs i` ic bfrrke hi cf Fcdihk`f y

Fcrihiheris hi cf Fcofzfbf, oertæ`hesi ic trfjkoe y tedæ`hesi cfs dihkhfs hi silurkhfh y

bui`fs rifckzfokÿ` hi cf fotkvkhfh oerrispe`hki`ti7

f. Lkdaf`fs

b. Guile b÷squihf hic tisere.

o. Guiles trfhkoke`fcis k`jf`tkcis oeciotkves7 Bfcÿ` prkskeìre, omeoecfti k`lcis, cf rfyuicf, cf

oedbf, ces oredes, j÷tbec omfpf, ofrrirf hi omfpfs, of`kofs, tredpes…

h. Guiles F`hfcusäis y Ductkoucturfcis

i. Oeòurse hi jetelrfjäf sebri ic bfrrke

j. oeòurse hi vkhies sebri ic bfrrke

l. Oeòurse hi peisäfs sebri ic bfrrke y cf Fcdiräf f`hfcusä, oede su cilfhe.

m. Oeòurse hi Hkbuge sebri ic bfrrke y cf Fcdiräf f`hfcusä, oede su cilfhe.

k. oeòurse hi foufricf sebri ic bfrrke y cf Fcdiräf f`hfcusä, oede su cilfhe.


• Rivktfckzfokÿ` hi cfs Oruois hi Dfye7

Fhidæs hi cfs trfhkoke`fcis oruois hi Dfye, qui rifckzf` cfs Oejrfhäfs y cfs fotkvkhfhis qui

rifckzf` i` istfs jistkvkhfhis, cfs fseokfokÿ`, Oi`tres Ihuoftkves, ^frtkoucfris y





istfbciokdki`tes hi Mesticiräf hic Ofsoe Mkstÿrkoe, pehræ` rifckzfr sus oruois hi dfye,

oe`tixtufckzæ`hece mkstÿrkofdi`ti, fbkirtfs fc p÷bckoe, oede si mfræ u`f rutf lukfhf per istfs.

Oede f`tirkerdi`ti mides hisorkte si rifckzfrf` fotkvkhfhis i` istfs jistkvkhfhis


• Rivktfckzfokÿ` hi cfs Dfyfs i` ic Ofsoe Mkstÿrkoe7

Cioturf hi peisäfs f`hfcusäis hi cf ëpeof oede of`tis, oepcfs y etrfs f pertfokeìs frtästkofs

isorktf u erfcis hi cfs oruois hi dfye, cfs dfyfs, i` su mksterkf, qui mfy k`vistklfokeìs qui isu`f jkistf hi erkli` redfè qui ivecuokeè oe` ic Æ`hfcus y tkiì skdkcktuhis oe` etrfs jkistfs

qui si mfoi` i` ic du`he dusucdæ` y dflribä.

Xfcciris oe` fcudès hi ces oi`tres ihuoftkves y gÿviìs hic Ofsoe Mkstÿrkoe, pfrf ic

oeèokdki`te y rioupirfokÿ` hi cfs dfyfs, kòcuyi`he cf hi oe`jiookÿ` hi cf oruz, vistufrke y

etres uti`skckes hi istfs.

Oicibrfokÿ` y oeòurse hi dfyfs, tf`te hi ces tfcciris oede qui surgf hi ces dièris y gÿviìshi istes bfrrkes, he`hi f tehes ces qui pfrtkokpi` riokbkræ` u` rilfce he`fhe per i`tkhfhis

p÷bckofs e prkvfhfs, pfrf jedi`tfr cf pfrtkokpfokÿ`.

_i rifckzfrf` vksktfs lukfhfs f cfs hkstk`tfs dfyfs, tf`te pfrf okuhfhfès y vksktf`tis, hurf`ti ces

häfs qui huri` istfs jistkvkhfhis, he`hi pehræ` hfr ic täpkoe fluk`fche hi cfs dfyfs f sus

pfrtkokpf`tis. Ce oufc rijerzfrf, detkvfokÿ` y ixti`hiræ cf pfrtkokpfokÿ`.


• I` cfs Oruois hi Dfye y Dfyfs si rifckzfrf Xfccir hi Mfbkckhfhis Dfùfcis y _eokfcis y

oeèokdki`te mkstÿrkoes7

- Oe`jiookÿ` hi jceris hi pfpic y cf Oruz oede etres fherès oe` dftirkfcis riokocfbcis e bfrftes

hi trfbfge Dfùfcis.

- Xrfgis y Repfgis oe` dftirkfc usfhe y riokocfbci




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- Erlf`kzfokÿ` hi cf Isoièlrfjäf hi cf Oruz

- Xfccir hi Of`tis k`jf`tkcis, oede trfhkoke`fcis hi istf oicibrfokÿ`, of`tis jcfdiòes y

duskofcis trfhkoke`fcis hi cf pebcfokÿ` k`dklrf`ti hic bfrrke

- Hkjuskÿ` y Rioupirfokÿ` hi of`tis trfhkoke`fcis oede hi cf ëpeof F`hfcusäis (i` ispio kfc cf

guhäf qui tkiì oicibrfokÿ` skdkcfr), hi su hkæsperf, oe`virskÿ` y distkzfgi i` oecfberfokÿ` oe`

fseokfokeìs, i`tkhfhis y ixpirtes.

- Istfs Oruois si k`stfcfrf` i` sktkes idbcidætkoes hic ofsoe mkstÿrkoe, he`hi istfræ` cfs dfyfs y

ces dfyes, qui siræ pfrti hic ktkìrfrke turästkoe miome f prepÿskte.

- Xfdbkë` si mfræ hi`tre hi isti oe`tixte y oe`ti`khe ihuoftkve, vksktf lukfhf f ces frtisfès

fcjfrires ixksti`tis i` cf prevkòkf oede f @kgfr, f ces ticfris hi GFRRF^F, si`skbkckzf`he i

k`jerdf`he hi su mksterkf hic rikè hi Fcdiräf mfstf fmerf

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• Häf hic Lktfè F`hfcuz (Dusie hi cf Luktfrrf)

- Jistkvfc hi Jcfdiòe fjkoke`fhe hi cf ^revkòkf hi Fcdiräf

- Omfrcfs-Hibfti sebri cf mksterkf hi ces lktfès i` fc-Æ`hfcus y su dizocf oe` –orkstkfès,

guhäes y deres— y hi cf k`jcuiòkf f`hfcusä oede fjrkof`f i` ic jcfdiòe. Oede preyiookÿ` hiheoudi`tfcis sebri isti ji`ÿdiè

- Hilustfokÿ` hi oedkhf täpkof lktf`f y hic rikè hi Fcdiräf oede hi bibkhfs sk` fcoemec

• Oe`diderfokÿ` hi cfs Zkotkdfs hic Meceofuste

- Zksktf Lukfhf fc deùdi`te y f cf fotkvkhfh qui fccä i` diderkf si rifckzf tehes ces föes.

Kòcuyi`he i`tri ces medi`fgifhes, f ces sijfrhäis.




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- Okì-Jÿrud (oe` cf k`tirviòkÿ` hi ixpirtes y fseokfokeìs hi cf diderkf mkstÿrkof) i` ces

oi`tres hi preyiookeìs hi picäoucfs y heoudi`tfcis sebri cfs väotkdfs fcdirki`sis. ispföecfs,

lktf`fs y sijfrhäis i` ic meceofuste `fzk. ^reyiotæ`hesi i`tri etrfs7 Ic ÷ctkde sijfrhä, ic tri` hi

cf vkhf, heoudi`tfc sebri ces ispföecis i` ces ofdpes hi oeòi`trfokÿ`, qui k`tirvkiì`

väotkdfs fcdirki`sis.

- Zksktf Lukfhf f ces rijulkes per ces isoecfris, he`hi si cis i`siöfrf istes y su oe`tixte, oede

ic bedbfrhie `fzk hi Fcdiräf, per ces luäfs, oede ixpirtes y fseokfokeìs hi cf diderkf

mkstÿrkof.

! Fcdiräf i` Oerte7 Mfoir u` siookÿ` i` ic oeòurse hi oerteditrfgis qui su tidætkof sif cf

ëpeof hic dkci`ke hi Fcdiräf, oede su pirkehe hi rikè hi Xfkjfs, i` ces skluki`tis jerdftes7

f. ̂ icäoucfs i` Oertes

b. Zkhie Orifokeìs

o. Zkhie Duskofcis y Zkhieockps

h. Fùòkes y ^redes

i. Dk`k Heoudi`tfcis

j. Etres Jerdftes Ixpirkdi`tfcis y Ckbris

! Jistkvfc Fcfdfr (D÷skofs hic Dihktirræìe) f JI_XKZFC FCFDFR (D÷skofs y Oucturfs

F`hfcusäis)7 Ri`jeofrce oede Jistkvfc hi d÷skofs ispiokjkofs qui rioerrf y rihisoubrf cf

d÷skof Fcdirki`si-F`hfcusä, tf`te i` Ispföf oede hi cfs k`dklrfokeìs mfokf cf okuhfh

oede cf idklrfokÿ`/cf hkæsperf oucturfc hi istf i` ic Dihktirræìe, Iurepf hic Isti

(pebcfokÿ` iscfvf qui jui trfähf oede isocfvf e per ricfokeìs oedirokfcis i` ic fc Æ`hfcus)Æjrkof (kòcukhf ic æjrkof ìlrf, i` ispiokfc ces f`tklues kdpirkes hi Dfck y fcrihiheris, oede

cf pebcfokÿ` isocfvf e per cfs ricfokeìs oedirokfcis), Fdërkof.

I` Ispiokfc cf d÷skof y oucturf hi ces rikès tfkjfs y pirkehe f`hfcusä i` Fcdiräf oede sus

dklrfokeìs y ricfokeìs k`tir`foke`fcis, yf ixpuistfs, qui fhidæs mfoi` u`f juòkÿ`

oe`diderftkvf, mkstÿrkof oede hi jkistf ductkoucturfc, yf qui fbfrof f cfs hkstk`tfs

pebcfokeìs erklk`frkfs e jerfstirfs hi Fcdiräf.




dfèceycfkcfNldfkc.oed tcjè/wmft ̧ sYp/Ckì ::: 899 9:< ^ælk`f == hi 6>;

! Cf ofsf hic Okì hi Fcdiräf, ixpeskokeìs pirdfì`tis hi picäoucfs mkstÿrkofs qui rijcigi`

cf ëpeof hic rikè hi tfkjfs, f`hfcusä e su dklrfokÿ`. Oede hi picäoucfs rehfhfs i` Fcdiräf

sebri isti tidætkof e qui rijcigi` isi pirkehe i` Fcdiräf (jkcdis fjrkofès, iurepies…)

! Oi`tre F`hfcuz hi cf Jetelrfjäf, ixpeskokeìs pirdfì`tis hi jetes, lrfbfhes u etres

mkstÿrkofs qui rijcigi` cf ëpeof hic rikè hi tfkjfs, f`hfcusä e su dklrfokÿ`, kòcuyi`he u`

oeòurse hi jetelrfjäf ckbri qui riorii isti pirkehe (pirdktki`he cfs riteofhfs, oede oe`

etres dëtehes y jerdftes).

! ] Okoce hi D÷skof _forf (qui si oe`virtkräf i` u` jistkvfc

K`tir`foke`fc hi DY_KOF_ _FORF_ –Kb` fc-Frkj", hurf`ti ic pirkehe hi

Oufrisdf, y etrfs jistkvkhfhis orkstkf`fs y dusucdf`fs) qui rijcigi` cf ëpeof

hic rikè hi tfkjfs, f`hfcusä e su dklrfokÿ`, oede cf mksterkf hi d÷skof sforf hishi

isf ëpeof mfstf cf fotufc hi ductkoucturfckhfh y pcurkricklkesf. Fotuf`he lrupes hi

d÷skof sforf hi cfs hkstk`tfs oerrki`tis7 orkstkf`f, dusucdf`fs, sijfrhäis y buhkstfs.

_i rifckzfräf i` Xidpces hi Fcdiräf hic Ofsoe Mkstÿrkoe.

• Okì-Ocub hic Dkci`ke qui rijcigi` cf ëpeof hic rikè hi Fcdiräf, f`hfcusä e su

dklrfokÿ`, Fcdiräf e skrvf` pfrf rijcigfr isi pirkehe i` Fcdiräf y su oe`tixte.

• Xirrfzf hi Zirfè i` cfs èomis virf`kilfs i` ic puirte hi Fcdiräf7

^reyiookÿ` hi picäoucfs y heoudi`tfcis (i` Ispföec y subtktucfhfs f su khkedf erklk`fc), tf`te

hic rikè hi Fcdiräf y cfs Xfkjfs, y hi cfs ëpeofs f`tirkeris y pestirker f iccf, oede sebri ic fc

Æ`hfcus, su cilfhe y hkæsperf, oede hi prehuookeìs dflribäis, sijfrhäis, dihktirræìfs y hi

ces pfäsis hi cf Ourvf hi @älir.

• ^relrfdf Istfbci hi Xiftre Fjkoke`fhe qui si trf`sjerdfräf hurf`ti cf oicibrfokÿ`

hic dkci`ke u` prelrfdf istfbci, ktkìrf`ti (per ispfokes hic ofsoe mkstÿrkoe) y tidperfc (f cf

oicibrfokÿ` hic Dkci`ke oede hi jistkvkhfhis pepucfris. Vui rijcigi` cf ëpeof hic rikè hi

tfkjfs, qui skrvf` pfrf rijcigfr isi pirkehe i` Fcdiräf y su oe`tixte.




dfèceycfkcfNldfkc.oed tcjè/wmft ̧ sYp/Ckì ::: 899 9:< ^ælk`f =; hi 6>;

_irkf ic k`koke hic –6 jistkvfc hi Xiftre Fjkoke`fhe hi cfs Xfkjfs—.

- Fotufokeìs tiftrfcis Vui rijcigi` cf ëpeof hic rikè hi tfkjfs, isi pirkehe i` Fcdiräf y

su oe`tixte

- _i rifckzfräf` tfcciris hi tiftre fjkoke`fhe i` ces oi`tres ihuoftkves, seokfcis y fseokfokeìs ,

pfrf cf orifokÿ ,̀ rijuirze e istfbkckzfokÿ` hi lrupes tiftrfcis i` istes

- Oeòkirtes-Hf`zfs hi cf ëpeof hic rikè hi Fcdiräf y Xfkjfs

- fotufräf` lrupes hi tiftre previ`ki`tis hic Dflrib, æjrkof e ic dihktirræìe, destrf`he ic

cilfhe f`hfcusä y su hkæsperf.

:1**" *')?6&*.' 9% 4%&(*1*9!9%& 9% ?! %#.)! 9%? $%*'. 9% !?2%$*! ).2. 9% ?! 26?(*)6?(6$!?*9!9 %:*&(%'(%N?!& )6!?%& &% *').$#.$!$=!' !? )!?%'9!$*. 9%4*%&(!& !?2%$*%'&%&B

• ^frf su oe`tkùfokÿ` i` skluki`ti ihkokeìs, oede si trfbfgfräf oe` ces oi`tres ihuoftkves

pfrf qui sus fcudès ce vksktfrf` i` lrupes lukfhes per sus heoi`tis y ixpirtes qui ces

erki`ti` i k`jerdi`, oede fotkvkhfh cuhkoepihflelkof fjuirf hic fucf. _i oicibrfrf` i` su

dfyeräf i` cf pcfzf vkigf oede ihkjkokes idbcidætkoes oirofès hic ofsoe mkstÿrkoe,

fhfptfhes pfrf cf rifckzfokÿ` hi istfs fotkvkhfhis, hetf`he hi ces riourses i

k`jrfistruoturfs ̀ ioisfrkes pfrf su rifckzfokÿ`.

• _i rimfbkcktfräf` `fvis i` hisuse, pfrf ic use pubckoe , bfge supirvkskÿ` sf`ktfrkf y hi

oe`sude, hi ces sforkjkokes hi ces f`kdfcis pfrf cfs oicibrfokeìs ricklkesfs.

• Etre use pirdfì`ti hurf`ti ic föe sirkf pfrf qui cfs jfdkckfs oe` diès riourses hic ofsoe

mkstÿrkoe y i` ispiokfc hi dkèräfs, puihf` oicibrfr i` iccfs, sus trfhkoke`fcis jistiges hi

bfutkzes, oedu`keìs y behfs, sk` ofusfr decistkfs fc riste hic viok`hfrke y qui isti puihf

pfrtkokpfr, yf qui se` oicibrfokeìs pubckofs y se` ivi`tes seokfcis hi prkdir erhi` i` cf

vkhf hi istes bfrrkes, i` ispiokfc hi cf Fcdihk`f, omfòf-pisofhiräf, Oirre _f` Orkstÿbfc…




dfèceycfkcfNldfkc.oed tcjè/wmft ̧ sYp/Ckì ::: 899 9:< ^ælk`f ;> hi 6>;

• Jkistf hic Oerhire

Ic Ikh fc-Fhmf ( !"#!"#$% ), ofi fprexkdfhfdi`ti <> häfs hispuës hic Ikh fc-Jktr y is oicibrfhe

i` meèr fc prejitf Fbrfmfd rididerf`he fsä, ouf`he k`ti`tÿ sforkjkofr f su mkge Ksdfic oede

pruibf hi su cifctfh f Hkes. Ic Ikh fc-Fhmf pehräf trfhuokrsi oede "oicibrfokÿ` hic sforkjkoke",

qui is riprisi`tfhf per ces dusucdfìs hi tehe ic du`he oe` cf ejri`hf hi u` sforkjkoke f`kdfc

(oed÷`di`ti u` oerhire) oede u`f fookÿ` hi lrftktuh pfrf Hkes per sfcvfr cf vkhf hic mkge hic

prejitf. Cf ofrì hic f`kdfc is sipfrfhf i` tirokes, u`f pfrf cf pirse`f qui ebsiqukf f cf bistkf,

etrf pfrf ripfrtkrcf i`tri sus pfrki`tis pebris y ic ÷ctkde tiroke pfrf ces ìoisktfhes,

k`hipi`hki`tidi`ti hi su ricklkÿ`, rfzf e `foke`fckhfh.

- Oiskÿ` hi @fvis pfrf ic sforkjkoke hi f`kdfcis skluki`he ic rkte ricklkese, bfge supirvkskÿ` hi

cfs futerkhfhis sf`ktfrkfs y oe`sude, oede ic use hi cf Meyf (hetæ`heci hi cf k`jrfistruoturf

ìoisfrkf) pfrf cf Oicibrfokÿ` hi cfs oedu`khfhis dusucdf`fs hi cf jkistf,

- pestirkerdi`ti i` cf pcfzf vkigf tiftrfckzfokÿ` hi su oe`diderfokÿ` i` ëpeof hic rikè hi

Fcdiräf, oe` fotufokeìs hi lrupes hi d÷skof dusucdf`f y f`hfcusäis.

- Ixbkoke` y tfcciris hi hipertis y guiles dusucdfìs, kòcuskves (hksofpfoktfhes) oede hi cf

ëpeof hic rikè hi tfkjfs, i` ces oufcis mfbräf ic guile hi oföfs, guiles derksoes (oede ces hi

Fbi` Mudiyf),

- Hilustfokÿ` hi bibkhfs y lfstreèdäf dusucdf`f y hic rikè hi Fcdiräf (dusucdf`f)

- Fotkvkhfhis _i`skbkckzfokÿ` hi hkitëtkof y mæbktes sfcuhfbcis hi use y oe`sude hi fckdi`tes

- Jirkf hi _tf`h hi cfs hkstk`tfs fseokfokeìs y oeciotkves dusucdfìs hi Fcdiräf, oede hi

i`tkhfhis y ckbriräfs sebri ic pirkehe hi tfkjfs, ic fc Æ`hfcus, su cilfhe y hkæsperf dusucdf`f,

Fhidæs hi stf`hs pfrf cfs hkstk`tfs idbfgfhfs, fseokfokeìs hi k`dklrf`tis, ju`hfokeìs,

erlf`kzfokeìs y idprisfrkes previ`ki`tis hi pfäsis dusucdfìs pfrf qui ixpe`lf`, oede

rifckoi` fotkvkhfhis oedpcidi`tfrkfs kòcuyi`he ixpeskokeìs y Omfrcfs.

• Jkistf hi cf Fsmurf

ic 6> Dumfrrf`, häf i` qui Deksës y ces mibries oruzfre` ic dfr Rege y i` cf oufc si mfoi`

rilfces f ces gÿviìs y Dièris.




dfèceycfkcfNldfkc.oed tcjè/wmft ̧ sYp/Ckì ::: 899 9:< ^ælk`f ;6 hi 6>;

- Oiskÿ` hi cf pcfzf vkigf (hetæ`heci hi cf k`jrfistruoturf ìoisfrkf) pfrf cf Oicibrfokÿ` hi cfs

oedu`khfhis dusucdf`fs hi cf jkistf,



- Hilustfokÿ` hi bibkhfs y lfstreèdäf dusucdf`f y hic rikè hi Fcdiräf (dusucdf`f)


- I`trilf hi Guluitis he`fhes f jfdkckfs sk` riourses

- Xfccir hi Orifokÿ` hi Guluitis, oe` dftirkfc riokocfhe oede oe` dftirkfcis hi peoe oeste y

dfùfcis7

Ispiokfcdi`ti si mfræ` tfcciris hi orifokÿ` hi guiles hi disf, guluitis hi k`tickliòkf, guluitis

trfhkoke`fcis, tf`te hi cf ëpeof hic rikè hi Fcdiräf, f`hfcusä, oede oe`tidperæìf hi cf

ductkoucturfckhfh y rioupirfokÿ` hi guluitis i` ces qui ti`hræ u` pfpic prkderhkfc ùistre

dfyeris, yf qui i`siöfrf` f oe`strukr guluitis qui icces futeoe`struäf` hi gÿviìs.

Istf fotkvkhfh si mfræ oeerhk`fhf oe` ces oi`tres oede oe` fseokfokeìs, pirse`fs y i`tkhfhis

p÷bckofs e prkvfhfs qui pfrtkokpi` e oecfberi`, ispiokfcdi`ti mfokë`hece hi jerdf vecu`tfrkf,

sk` æ`kde hi cuore e oede he`f`tis e pftreok`fheris.

• _mfwwfc (Ikh fc-jktr) jkistf jk` hic rfdfhæ`

Ic Ikh fc-Jktr (hic ærfbi ) is ic häf hi jkistf qui secid`kzf ic jk` hic cfrle fyuè

hic Rfdfhæ`. Hurf`ti ic Rfdfhæ`, ces dusucdfìs i` tehe ic du`he rifckzf` u` fyuè hkfrke

hishi f`tis hic fcbf mfstf cf puistf hic sec, tedf`he su prkdir oedkhf fc foirofrsi cf erfokÿ`

hic fèomioir. Ic ebgitkve hic fyuè is i`siöfr f ces dusucdfìs cf pfokiòkf y cf mudkchfh, fsä

oede tfdbkë` pfrf rioerhfrcis ce fjertu`fhes qui se` y mfoir mkòfpkë i` cf fyuhf fc ìoisktfhe

y fquicces oe` diès suirti. Ic Ikh fc-Jktr k`kokf hispuës hic eofse hic ÷ctkde häf hic Rfdfhæ`.

I` cfs merfs tidprf`fs hi cf dföf`f hic prkdir häf hic _mfwwfc (ger`fhf k`fulurfc hic Ikh fc-

Jktr), ces dusucdfìs rifckzf` u` pcilfrkf rktufc, i`teòis si ripfrti` hucois, oedkhf y bibkhfs

sk` fcoemec i` cfs dizquktfs y melfris.





- Oiskÿ` hi @fvis pfrf ic sforkjkoke hi f`kdfcis skluki`he ic rkte ricklkese, bfge supirvkskÿ` hi

cfs futerkhfhis sf`ktfrkfs y oe`sude, oede ic use hi cf Meyf (hetæ`heci hi cf k`jrfistruoturf

ìoisfrkf) pfrf cf Oicibrfokÿ` hi cfs oedu`khfhis dusucdf`fs hi cf jkistf.



- Ixmkbkokÿ` y tfcciris hi hipertis y guiles dusucdfìs, kòcuskves (hksofpfoktfhes) oede hi cf

ëpeof hic rikè hi tfkjfs, i` ces oufcis mfbräf ic guile hi oföfs, guiles derksoes (oede ces hi

Fbi` Mudiyf),

- Hilustfokÿ` hi bibkhfs y lfstreèdäf dusucdf`f y hic rikè hi Fcdiräf (dusucdf`f) oede

hi bibkhfs ductkoucturfcis sk` fcoemec.


- Jirkf hi _tf`h hi cfs hkstk`tfs fseokfokeìs y oeciotkves dusucdfìs hi Fcdiräf, oede hi

i`tkhfhis y ckbriräfs sebri ic pirkehe hi tfkjfs, ic fc Æ`hfcus, su cilfhe y hkæsperf dusucdf`f,


erlf`kzfokeìs y idprisfrkes previ`ki`tis hi ises pfäsis pfrf qui ixpe`lf`, oede rifckoi`fotkvkhfhis oedpcidi`tfrkfs kòcuyi`he ixpeskokeìs y Omfrcfs.

• Föe ùive Dusucdæ ̀

Ic prkdir Dumfrrf`, häf hi cf mëlkrf e "idklrfokÿ`" hic ^rejitf hishi Cf Diof i k`koke hic föe

dusucdæ`.

- Oicibrfokÿ` hi cfs oedu`khfhis dusucdf`fs i` cf pcfzf Zkigf

- tiftrfckzfokÿ` hi su oe`diderfokÿ` i` ëpeof hic rikè hi Fcdiräf, oe` fotufokeìs hi

lrupes hi d÷skof dusucdf`f y f`hfcusäis.

- Ixmkbkokÿ` y tfcciris hi hipertis y guiles dusucdfìs, kòcuskves (hksofpfoktfhes) oede

hi cf ëpeof hic rikè hi tfkjfs, i` ces oufcis mfbräf ic guile hi oföfs, guiles derksoes (oede ces

hi Fbi` Mudiyf),

- Dfromf Jistkvf i` cf Fcdiräf F`hfcusä




dfèceycfkcfNldfkc.oed tcjè/wmft ̧ sYp/Ckì ::: 899 9:< ^ælk`f ;? hi 6>;

Ofrrirf è Oedpitktkvf hi ofræotir jistkve, qui rioerriræ ic ofsoe mkstÿrkoe, idpizf`he y

jk`fckzf`he, i` u` culfr idbcidætkoe he`hi mfbræ stf`h hi i`tkhfhis oecfberfherfs y

pfrtkokpf`tis, oede qui k`tirvkiì` e trfbfgf` i` ic bfrrke, f cf pfr qui si predeoke`f u`f vkhf

sfcuhfbci. He`hi istfs pehræ` rifckzfr fotkvkhfhis oedpcidi`tfrkfs.

Fc jk`fc si hilustfrf` bibkhfs sk` fcoemec dusucdf`fs y hi cf ëpeof hic rikè hi tfkjfs.

• Dfuckh âc-@fbk7

@fokdki`te hic ^rejitf, ic 62 Rfbk - 6¾. Oedi`zÿ f oicibrfrsi i` ic sk lce x. Is u` häf hi lrf`kdpertfòkf pfrf ces sujäis, oudbri hi oicibrfokeìs k`kokfhfs ic prkdir Rfbk-2·. _i cii` cf vkhf

y ces hkomes y miomes hic ^rejitf (s.f.s.).

- _u oicibrfokÿ` ricklkesf per cfs oedu`khfhis dusucdf`fs i` cf ^cfzf Zkigf

- Cioturf hi vkhf y ebrfs hi cf isouicf sujä hi Fcdiräf, oede sujäis hic f`tklue rikè hi

Fcdiräf, su cilfhe y hkæsperf, per lrupes hi tiftre ofrfotirkzæ`hece oede per vecu`tfrkes qui

qukirf` rioktfrces.

- Oe`lrise K`tir`foke`fc hi oedu`khfhis sujäis, oe` stf`h hi istfs, fseokfokeìs,

erlf`kzfokeìs y i`tkhfhis p÷bckofs y prkvfhfs ricfoke`fhfs oe` cfs oedu`khfhis _ujäis7 oe`

oe`jiriòkfs, omfrcfs-oecequkes, ixpeskokeìs, okì-jÿrud, ito…i` ic mespktfc prevkòkfc, mfstf

qui mfyf u`f dizquktf dfyer e u` dusie sujä, pfrf ubkofrcf i` pestirkeris ihkokeìs fccä.

• Föe ̀ uive Ertehexe

Cf tfkjf hi Fcdiräf, gu`te f cfs hi Xertesf, Bfcifris, Zfciòkf y Hi`kf, irf oe`skhirf`he Xfkjfs Iscfvfs, yf qui sus lebir`f`tis ce irf`,

Ic Civf`ti pi`k`sucfr jui cf ze`f i` cf qui ces iscfves istfbciokire` su isjirf hi k`jcuiòkf, f

ixoipokÿ` hi ces oedki`zes hi cf tfkjf hi Bfhfgez qui istuve fc jri`ti hi u` riluce iscfve. Is

dæs qui prebfbci qui hishi jk`fcis hic sklce ] ces iscfves fofpfrfsi` ces puistes hi cf

fhdk`kstrfokÿ`ÿ` ceofc i` istf rilkÿ`, ce qui jfveriokÿ su istfbciokdki`te fc jri`ti hic pehir.





îre ic pehir iscfve, f ixoipokÿ` hi Xertesf y Hi`kf-Bfcifris, jui u` pehir ijädire qui è

tfrhe i` suoudbkr.

I` Fcdiräf , i` cfs cuomfs per ic pehir ceofc i`tfbcfhfs i` ces oedki`zes dksdes hi cf luirrf

okvkc , fofbe kdpe`kë`hesi ic iscfve Gfyrf` , f`tklue isocfve pfcftkè i` Oÿrhebf , quki` mfokf

6>68 k`fulure cf jfsi iscfvf hi cf mksterkf tfkjf . F su duirti i` 6>2=, jui suoihkhe per etre

iscfve, Wumfyr. I` 6>?=, ic fotkve puirte hi Fcdiräf rioeèokÿ fc sebirfè hi cf tfkjf hi

Zfciòkf, Fbh fc-Fzkz, `kite hi Fcdf`zer, pftreè hi ces iscfves. Fbh fc-Fzkz i`äe pfrf rilkr

Fcdiräf fc tuykbk Df` , qui fc peoe si k`hipi`hkze, suoihkhe per u` mkge y per u` `kite, mfstf

6>;6, ouf`he ces fcderævkhis eoupfre` cf lrf` fcofzfbf hi Fcdiräf. Durokf jui hedk`fhf k`kokfcdi`ti per ces iscfves y si k`tilre i` cf tfkjf hi Fcdiräf i`tri 6>6? y

6>?=. Hishi i`teòis si skl`kjkofre` fcluès ck`fgis f`hfcusäis hi frrfkle ceofc, oede ces Bfù

Xfmkr, qui si k`hipi`hkzfre` i` 6>:?.

Duomes hi ces isocfves iscfves irf` orkstkfès ertehexes qui df`tuvkire` su ricklkÿ`, hurf`ti ic

rikè hi Fcdiräf, oe`vkvki`he tf`te cf klciskf oftÿckof oede ertehexf, cf uctkdf, yf istfbf

prisi`ti i` sklces f`tirkeris, ouf`he Fcdiräf jui pfrti hi cf prevkòkf hi _pf`kf hic Kdpirke

Bkzf`tkè, oede hi oedu`khfhis ixksti`tis i` cf ze`f i` cf ëpeof vksklÿtkof oede fc-Æ`hfcus,duomes hi icces hihkofhes fc oediroke, Fotufcdi`ti oe` cf seokihfh ductkoucturfc Fcdirki`si,





mfy u`f oedu`khfh ixti`sf hi k`dklrf`tis y `foke`fckzfhes, ouyf ricklkÿ` is ic orkstkf`ksde

ertehexe, per istfs rfzeìs si oicibrfräf p÷bckofdi`ti istf jistkvkhfh oe` fpeye k`stktuoke`fc.

_i rifckzfrf`7

- Oicibrfokÿ` ricklkesf

- Jkistf i` cf pcfzf vkigf, he`hi cf oedu`khfh ertehexf rifckzfräf fotkvkhfhis y ixpe`hräf su

oucturf, mfbki`he fotufckzfokeìs duskofcis, bfkcis y tiftrfcis, tf`te prepkfs hi cfs

`foke`fckhfhis y oucturfs, hic du`he ertehexe, oede tiftrfckzfokÿ` hi cf mksterkf, vkhf y pirse`fgis iscfves i` ic rikè hi Fcdiräf. Xfdbkë` Mfbräf hilustfokÿ` hi bibkhfs y

lfstreèdäf `fvkhiöf oede etrfs sk` fcoemec oede hi su lfstreèdäf täpkof.

- Jirkf hi _tf`h hi cfs hkstk`tfs fseokfokeìs y oeciotkves tf`te hi cf klciskf ertehexf oede hi cfs

`foke`fckhfhis he`hi tkiì k`jcuiòkf, oede hi i`tkhfhis y ckbriräfs sebri ces iscfves i` ic

pirkehe hi tfkjfs, ic fc Æ`hfcus, su cilfhe y hkæsperf. Fhidæs hi stf`hs pfrf cfs hkstk`tfs

idbfgfhfs, fseokfokeìs hi k`dklrf`tis, ju`hfokeìs, erlf`kzfokeìs y idprisfrkes

previ`ki`tis hi ises pfäsis pfrf qui ixpe`lf`, oede rifckoi` fotkvkhfhis oedpcidi`tfrkfs,

kòcuyi`he ixpeskokeìs y Omfrcfs.

• Föe ùive Omkè, oede pfrti hi cf oicibrfokÿ` hic rikè hi Fcdiräf y sus ricfokeìs

oedirokfcis oe` Omk`f y ic Riste hi Fskf, oede tfdbkë` kòcuskÿ` hi cf oedu`khfh omk`f y

jertfcioir väòuces ioe`ÿdkoes, seokfcis y oucturfcis.

^frf ic oediroke fh̀fc u s ä ! (ski`he Fcdiräf su puirte prkòkpfc) ces prehuotes omkès

riprisi`tfbf` sk` huhf u`f bki` hi prkdirf ofckhfh7 pfpic, sihf, jrutfs ixÿtkofs, peroicf`f i

kòcuse cf pÿcverf, se` prehuotes qui ccilfre` f cf pi`ä`sucf Kbërkof hibkhe f su oeìxkÿ` oe` ic

lrf` oediroke hic du`he previ`ki`ti hi Omk`f (Kdfduhhk`, 62;-6?8). _k Omk`f is oeèokhf i`

fc-Æ`hfcus, fc-Æ`hfcus tfdbkë` siræ ! oeèokhf i` Omk`f7

I` ic dfùfc hi fhuf`fs hi Omfu-Gu-auf, giji hi hkome sirvkoke i` ic puirte ccfdfhe Wfyte` per

Dfroe êce (Omuf`-omu, i` Juaki`), si hf u`f sedirf ètkokf hi Ispföf, _kokckf y ces pfäsis hic

èrti hi Æjrkof, oe` iùdirfokÿ` hi sus prehuotes, pire istes hitfccis è pfrioi` preoihir hi

u`f jui`ti omk`f, skè hi ces vkfgires eookhi`tfcis qui i`teòis rioerräf` ic kdpirke Qsklce ]KKT.




dfèceycfkcfNldfkc.oed tcjè/wmft ̧ sYp/Ckì ::: 899 9:< ^ælk`f ;: hi 6>;

Ic ixkcke fh̀fc us ä ! i` Fskf

@e sece cfs jui`tis ærfbis ès pirdkti` ofckbrfr cf prisiòkf hi f`hfcusäis i` ic ixtride erki`ti.

I` ijiote, prioksfdi`ti ouf`he ces mirihires hic tirrkterke hi fc- Æ`hfcus ccilui` f Fskf, siræ !

ouf`he pertuluisis y ispföecis idpkioi` f iòe`trfr i` cfs f`täpehfs fc oetirræìe. Fsä ! , ces

orkstkfès kbërkoes mfccf` hispirhklfhes f ce cfrle hi tehf Fskf hkjiri`tis dusucdfìs pfk sfès

qui mf` ccilfhe f tf` ridetes culfris oede oe`siouiòkf hic ixkcke. _k cf hkæsperf fh̀fc u s ä ! jui

sustfòkfc mfstf cf bftfccf hi cfs @fvfs hi Xecesf i` 6262, cf hkæsperf pestirker mfstf cf

ixpucskÿ` hi ces derksoes i` 6:>; jui k`li`ti. Okirtfdi`ti i` tf` cfrle pirkehe hi tkidpe

pebcfokÿ` ixkckfhf hi cf pi`ä`sucf Kbërkof pehräf mfbir busofhe jertu`f dæs fc cæ ! hic

Dihktirræìe.

Okirtfdi`ti, pfrf ces pertuluisis y ispföecis –ce jfdkckfr— irf iòe`trfr f etre kbërkoe qui cis

mfbcfrf i` u`f ci`luf kbërkof, pi`sf`he icces qui irf` ces prkdires i` frrkbfr f fquicces

culfris.

êr u` cfhe, ic du`he kscædkoe qui mfbäf oeìotfhe cf io÷diì ocæskof hishi cf pi`ä`sucf

Kbërkof mfstf Omk`f1 per ic etre, cfs fspkrfokeìs hi pertuluisis ‟mfokf ic isti‟ y ispföecis ‟

mfokf ic eisti‟ per tedfr ic oe`trec hi cf rutf y ic du`he oedirokfc qui sioucfrdi`ti mfbäf

pirtiìokhe f ces dusucdfìs.8 Cfs `fokeìs surlkhfs oede oe`siouiòkf hi cf hisk`tilrfokÿ`

hi fc- Æ`hfcus orifre` u` ùive erhi` du`hkfc, y i` su ixpf`skÿ` u`kvirsfc, iòe`trfre` ces

vistklkes hic vkige,

mttp7//www.imudf`kstf.uosb.ihu/iMudf`kstf%2>KZKXRF/Zecudi%2>8/iMudf`kstf%2>Kvktrf%2>8/6<.%2>heèse.p

hj

_i Rifckzfräf7

- Oicibrfokÿ` trfhkoke`fc omk`f hic jistige hic Föe ùive y fotkvkhfhis pubckofs.

- Hilustfokÿ` hi bibkhfs y lfstreèdäf trfhkoke`fcis hi Omk`f y Fskf, oede hic rikè hi

Fcdiräf, ouyes prehuotes e icfberfokÿ` juire` kdpertfhes hi istfs tkirrfs.

- Jirkf hi _tf`h hi cfs hkstk`tfs fseokfokeìs, i`tkhfhis, sioter idprisfrkfc y oucturfc y

oeciotkves tf`te Omkès y Fskætkoes hi F`hfcuoäf, oede hic riste hic istfhe i k`tir`foke`fcis.




dfèceycfkcfNldfkc.oed tcjè/wmft ̧ sYp/Ckì ::: 899 9:< ^ælk`f ;< hi 6>;


erlf`kzfokeìs y idprisfrkes previ`ki`tis hi ises pfäsis pfrf qui ixpe`lf`, oede rifckoi`

fotkvkhfhis oedpcidi`tfrkfs, kòcuyi`he ixpeskokeìs y Omfrcfs.

• Häf K`tir`foke`fc hic Cfhkè

Ic khkedf qui mfbcfre` ces sijfrfhäs trfs ic ixkcke ispföec hi 68;2 i` pfrtkoucfr i` tkirrfs hic

Kdpirke Etedfè y qui mey pehides ubkofr i` Xurquäf, Lriokf, ces Bfcofìs1 kòcuskvi Jrfòkf i

Ktfckf mf riokbkhe duomes èdbris, hi fouirhe f cf ze`f hi sus riskhi`tis, tehes rijirkhes f cfdksdf ci`luf.

_i trftf hic ispföec f`tklue i`rkquiokhe per cfs ci`lufs ceofcis hi cfs rilkeìs qui mfbktfre` fc

qui si kòerperfre` pfcfbrfs hic mibrie, turoe, lrkile y etrfs ci`lufs.

Fcluès hi ces èdbris se` cfhkè, hguhizde, ispföeckt e hguhke.

Mfy hkjiri`tis epk`keìs i` istf hijk`kokÿ` qui fskl`f ic èdbri hi cfhkè f cf trf`sorkpokÿ` hic

mibrie i` jerdf 'ofcoe', e sif, pfcfbrf per pfcfbrf sk` fgustfrsi f rilcfs lrfdftkofcis skèskluki`he ic khkedf hi cf Xeræ higf`he ic èdbri hi guhieispföec fc khkedf mfbcfhe per ces

guhäes sijfrfhäis i` jerdf vir`æoucf.

- Cioturf hi vkhf y ebrfs hi _ijfrhäis, oede guhäes hic f`tklue rikè hi Fcdiräf, su cilfhe y

hkæsperf, per lrupes hi tiftre ofrfotirkzæ`hece oede per vecu`tfrkes qui qukirf` rioktfrces.

- oe`lrise K`tir`foke`fc Cftkè7 hi oedu`khfhis sijfrhäis, mfbcf`tis hic cfhkè , oe` stf`h hi

istfs, fseokfokeìs, erlf`kzfokeìs, u`kvirskhfhis, y i`tkhfhis pubckofs y prkvfhfs, ixpirtes y

pirse`fs ricfoke`fhfs oe` cfs oedu`khfhis _ijfrhäis y ic Cfhkè7, oe` oe`jiriòkfs, omfrcfs-

oecequkes, ixpeskokeìs, okì-jÿrud, ito…i` cf pcfzf vkigf, ihkjkokes idbcidætkoes hic ofsoe

mkstÿrkoe, mfstf qui mfyf u`f sk`flelf pfrf ubkofrcf i` pestirkeris ihkokeìs fccä oede i`

ispfokes p÷bckoes hic ofsoe mkstÿrkoe.

- Etrfs fotkvkhfhis oedpcidi`tfrkfs

mttp7//isijfrfh.oed/5p4968:6

mttp7//www.rtvi.is/fcfofrtf/fuhkes/cuz-hi-sijfrfh/cuz-sijfrfh-pripfrf`heès-pfrf-hkf-k̀ tir`foke`fc-hic-cfhkè-?>-66-

6?/26=2:8;/




dfèceycfkcfNldfkc.oed tcjè/wmft ̧ sYp/Ckì ::: 899 9:< ^ælk`f ;= hi 6>;

• Jkistf _ijfrhä hic Föe ùive

- jirkf hi _tf`h hi cfs hkstk`tfs fseokfokeìs y oeciotkves guhäfs y sijfrhäis hi Ispföf y ic

Ixtrf`gire, oede hi i`tkhfhis y ckbriräfs sebri ic pirkehe hi tfkjfs, ic fc Æ`hfcus, su cilfhe y

hkæsperf dusucdf`f, Fhidæs hi stf`hs pfrf cfs hkstk`tfs idbfgfhfs, fseokfokeìs hi

k`dklrf`tis, ju`hfokeìs, erlf`kzfokeìs y idprisfrkes previ`ki`tis hi pfäsis oe` pebcfokÿ`

guhäf pfrf qui ixpe`lf`, oede rifckoi` fotkvkhfhis oedpcidi`tfrkfs


oedu`khfhis guhäfs hi F`hfcuoäf hi cf jkistf, - pestirkerdi`ti i` cf pcfzf vkigf tiftrfckzfokÿ` hi su oe`diderfokÿ` i` ëpeof hic rikè hi

Fcdiräf, oe` fotufokeìs hi lrupes hi d÷skof sijfrhä y f`hfcusäis.

• jkistf _ijfrhä hi cfs _uirtis (ûrkd)

I` cf qui si riouirhf oede ces guhäes si sfcvf` hi cf pirsiouokÿ` hi Mfdæ`, oertisfè pretilkhe

hic riy pirsf Fsuire.. Is u`f oicibrfokÿ` duy fcilri i` cf qui si rifckzf` ductktuh hi guiles, ces

`köes utkckzf` cfs ofrrfofs, si ripfrti` hucois, fluk`fches, ckdes`fs, ito. Ic Ckbre hi Istir si cii

i` cf sk`flelf, isorkte i` u` recce (dilukcæ) hi tfdföe dæs piquiöe qui ic recce hic sëjir Xeræ.


oedu`khfhis guhäfs hi F`hfcuoäf hi cf jkistf,


Fcdiräf, oe` fotufokeìs hi lrupes hi d÷skof sijfrhä y f`hfcusäis.

- Hilustfokÿ` hi bibkhfs y lfstreèdäf sijfrhä y hic rikè hi Fcdiräf


- I`trilf hi Guluitis he`fhes f jfdkckfs sk` riourses

- Xfccir hi Orifokÿ` hi Guluitis, oe` dftirkfc riokocfhe oede oe` dftirkfcis hi peoe oeste y

dfùfcis7




dfèceycfkcfNldfkc.oed tcjè/wmft ̧ sYp/Ckì ::: 899 9:< ^ælk`f ;; hi 6>;

Ispiokfcdi`ti si mfræ` tfcciris hi orifokÿ` hi guiles hi disf, guluitis hi k`tickliòkf, guluitis

trfhkoke`fcis, tf`te hi cf ëpeof hic rikè hi Fcdiräf, f`hfcusä, oede oe`tidperæìf hi cf

ductkoucturfckhfh y rioupirfokÿ` hi guluitis i` ces qui ti`hræ u` pfpic prkderhkfc ùistre

dfyeris, yf qui i`siöfrf` f oe`strukr guluitis qui icces futeoe`struäf` hi gÿviìs.

Istf fotkvkhfh si mfræ oeerhk`fhf oe` ces oi`tres oede oe` fseokfokeìs, pirse`fs y i`tkhfhis

p÷bckofs e prkvfhfs qui pfrtkokpi` e oecfberi`, ispiokfcdi`ti mfokë`hece hi jerdf vecu`tfrkf,

sk` æ`kde hi cuore e oede he`f`tis e pftreok`fheris.

• Jistkvkhfhis `foke`fcis y oucturfcis hi cfs fseokfokÿ` hi k`dklrf`tis, tf`te cfs hi ofræotirpepucfr y ejkokfcis, oede cfs qui rifckzf` per oui`tf prepkfs, si kòerperfrf` fc

ofci`hfrke hi jkistfs y fotkvkhfhis hi Fcdiräf oede hi cf oicibrfokÿ` hic rikè hi Fcdiräf,

i` ispiokfc cfs dflribäis y hic æjrkof _ubsfmfrkf`fs, he`hi preoihäf` ces isocfves oede si

hkju`hkÿ ic cilfhe y hkæsperf f`hfcusä sebri istes pfäsis, mfbki`he u`f k`jcuiòkf dutuf

ièrdi, qui si mf juske`fhe y oe`sirvfhe mfstf cf fotufckhfh. Oihki`he ic use hi cf pcfzf vkigf

oede etres ispfokes y ihkjkokes idbcidætkoes hic ofsoe mkstÿrkoe, fhfptfhe f cfs fotkvkhfhis f

rifckzfr oede hetæ`hecis hi cf k`jrfistruoturf y riourses ìoisfrkes,

:1***" $%#.-?!)*+' 9% #6%-?.&H !?9%!&H #%9!'=!& /).$(*7!9!& 9% .$*3%' . %&#?%'9.$ %' ?! P#.)! 9%?$%*'. 9% !?2%$*! / !?L!'9!?6&

Fcdiräf is u`f hi cfs prevkòkfs hi Ispföf oe` dfs puibces, hi ces oufcis qui si iòui`trf` i` ic

k`tirker, ccivf` hëofhfs hispebcæ`hesi y i`vigiokdki`te, pe`ki`he i` picklre su ixkstiòkf,

mfbki`he yf u`f cfrlf ckstf hi pebcfokeìs fbf`he`fhfs, ce qui riqukiri hi u` prelrfdf qui si

kdpckqui` cfs hkstk`tfs k`stktuokeìs rispe`sfbcis oede hic tigkhe fseokftkve, frtästkoe, frtisfès,

hi prejiske`fcis, oede erlf`kzfokeìs, jfdkckfs. Idpri`hiheris y pirse`fs k`tirisfhfs, pfrf su

ripebcfokÿ`, rimfbkcktfokÿ` y ri`fokdki`te. Oriæ`hesi u`f pcftfjerdf, cf oufc i`tri sus juòkeìs

sirkf cf kdpckofokÿ` hkriotf hi ces k`tirisfhes pfrf trfbfgfr i` iqukpe, tf`te pfrf cf b÷squihf,

k`jerdfokÿ`, jerdfokÿ`, rifckzfokÿ` y puiste f ofbe hi preyiotes pfrf fcof`zfr istes jkìs.




dfèceycfkcfNldfkc.oed tcjè/wmft ̧ sYp/Ckì ::: 899 9:< ^ælk`f 6>> hi 6>;

He`hi jfdkckfs e pirse`fs previ`ki`tis hi istfs ceofckhfhis, oede qui hisii` kr f istfs pfrf vkvkr

y trfbfgfr, puihf` mfoirce i` u`fs oe`hkokeìs hi vkhf, cfberfcis, riourses y oedehkhfhis, hkl`fs

y hi ofckhfh.

ûhki`he trfbfgfr per oui`tf fgi`f f idpcifheris p÷bckoes y prkvfhes, oede per oui`tf fgi`f i`

cfberis flrepioufrkfs, frtisf`fcis, mesticirfs oede etres preyiotes idpri`hiheris e k`èvfheris.

Xfdbkë` i` istfs ceofckhfhis rurfcis, si pehræ` k`stfcfr oedu`khfhis7 ricklkesfs, tirfpëutkofs,

frtästkofs, frtisfès, prejiske`fcis (ispiokfcdi`ti vkòucfhes f cfs ùivfs tioèceläfs y fc tiroir

sioter), ito..., oi`tres7 hi dièris, hi dfyeris, hi hksofpfoktfhes, oe` trfsterès hi cf oe`huotf,oe` i`jirdihfhis, hi dugir (per dfctrfte e vucìrfbkckhfh seokfc), ito... Oede etrfs hi hkvirsfs

ä`hecis seokfcis, oucturfcis y ioe`ÿdkofs. Kòcuyi`he cf oiskÿ` hi vkvki`hfs i` ic culfr f ces

prejiske`fcis (y sus jfdkckfs) qui trfbfgi` i` istes oi`tres y oedu`khfhis.

F`ti cf sktufokÿ` hi orksks y idpebriokdki`te, ofhf viz is u`f fctir`ftkvf dfs pcfuskbci y

hidf`hfhf, è sece per oeciotkves, devkdki`tes y pirse`fs ìe rurfckstfs, ioe fchifs, ioecelkstfs,

fctir`ftkvfs, ito... _kè per cf okuhfhf`äf i` liìrfc, sebri tehe hi ofpfs pepucfris, duomfs hi

iccfs previ`ki`tis hic dihke rurfc qui idklrfre` fc dihke urbfè, oede hi jfdkckfs qui hisif`

sus preyiotes hi vkhf y cfberfcis, si hisfrrecci` i` istes dihkes rurfcis, cf dfyeräf hi cf sirrf`äf.

Rihuokë`hesi cf prebcidætkof ixksti`ti i` cf urbf`kzfokÿ` hi cf seokihfh, he`hi ces `÷ocies

urbfès è lfrf`tkzf` ces dihkes ìoisfrkes pfrf u`f ofckhfh hi vkhf, fvf`zf`he ic

idpebriokdki`te y cf dksirkf urbf`f, oede ic fudi`te hi hkvirsfs prebcidætkofs prepkes hi cf

orksks y cf jfctf hi sftksjfookÿ` hi cfs ìoiskhfhis bæskofs.

Ofhf viz dfs si ixtki`hi i` Iurepf cf fyuhf hi du`kokpkes pfrf ripebcfr oe` jfdkckfs, f ces

oufcis si cis hf vkvki`hf y trfbfge, oede tfdbkë` k`kokftkvfs oeciotkvfs e idpri`hiherfs hi

rimfbkcktfokÿ` hi ceofckhfhis y tirriès hispebcfhes e bfchäes, pfrf su rioupirfokÿ ,̀ mfbktfrces y

trfbfgfr fccä.

Xfdbkë` si rimfbkcktfräf su pftrkde`ke dftirkfc i k`dftirkfc, duome hi icces hi lrf` k`tirës

mkstÿrkoe, i` istfhe hi fbf`heè e i` rkisle/sktufokÿ` hi sfquie




dfèceycfkcfNldfkc.oed tcjè/wmft ̧ sYp/Ckì ::: 899 9:< ^ælk`f 6>6 hi 6>;

Cfs hkjkouctfhis qui iòui`trf` prkòkpfcdi`ti is cf jfctf hi k`jerdfokÿ`, riourses, fyuhfs, ito…

pfrf ccivfrce f ofbe, qui sirkf fcluès hi ces jfoteris he`hi mfbræ qui k`tirvi`kr.

^frf ic bui` ëxkte hi isti prelrfdf, ic oufc siræ pkcete, pfrf rifckzfrce i` ic riste hi cf prevkòkf

hi Fcdiräf oede hi Ispföf, sirkf cf secuokÿ` f ce f`tirkerdi`ti ixpuiste oede cf oeòiskÿ` hi

ri`tf bæskof f cfs jfdkckfs y pirse`fs, oede cf fpertfokÿ`, fyuhf i kòi`tkvfokÿ` f istes pfrf qui

ti`lf ëxkte ic prelrfdf.

mttps7//www.jfoibeea.oed/Ripebcfheris

mttp7//www.puibcesfbf`he`fhes.oed/dfpf

mttp7//dfrifregf;.werhpriss.oed/ripebcfoke`-hi-puibces-fbf`he`fhes/

O" &%36*2*%'(. / %1!?6!)*+'

• Ebsirvfokÿ` pfrtkokpf`ti

• _ilukdki`te

• Ivfcufokÿ` y silukdki`te hi cfs ìoiskhfhis hitiotfhfs y hidf`hfhfs, oede hi cf detkvfokÿ` y

sftksjfookÿ`

• Riu`keìs hi iqukpe

• Ivfcufokÿ` hi oe`tixte, preoise y prehuote

• Rihkjuskÿ` i` dihkes hi oedu`kofokÿ`, okbir`futfs, erlf`kzfokeìs, wib, bcel y rihis seokfcis,

ito…tf`te i` su of`tkhfh oede cf ofckhfh y cfs mirrfdki`tfs qui tkiì cf wib 2.> oe` buiès

oedi`tfrkes, sftksjfookÿ`, hkjuskÿ` y etrfs k`miri`tis f istf.

• Kdpfote Dihkætkoe

• K`hkofheris hi ̂ frtkokpfokÿ`, _ftksjfookÿ` y Detkvfokÿ`





*" >6% '%)%&*(!2.& #!$! ?! $%!?*8!)*.' 9%? #$.3$!2!• IC ^RELRFDF _I CCIZFRF F OFBE OE@ CF_ ERLF@KWFOKE@I_, F_EOKFOKE@I_,

I@XKHFHI_, OECIOXKZE_, ID^RI_F_, JY@HFOKE@I_, ^FK_I_ (Ærfbis oede Vftfr,

Erki`ti Dihke oede Kræ` i Ksrfic, Dflribäis oede Dfrruioes, per igidpce), ÎR_E@F_ Y

EXRE_ VYI OICIBRI@ IC DKCI@KE HIC RIK@E HI FCDIRKF, Ê@KI@HE I_X E_ CE_

RIOYR_E_ @IOI_FRKE_

_eckoktfdes u`f riu`kÿ` privkf oe` ces dæxkdes rispe`sfbcis hi cfs k`stktuokeìs p÷bckofs f

cfs oufcis mides i`vkfhe isti prelrfdf hi k`tirviòkÿ`, pfrf cf ixpeskokÿ` hi isti, oede

ixpckofokÿ` hi huhfs, hkfcele, fpertfokeìs hi khifs y oeòritkzfr i` cf puistf i` dfromf hic

prelrfdf.

RIOYR_E_ VYI XI@IDE_ [ @IOI_KXFDE_.

@ioisktfdes cf oiskÿ` jkgf hi u` ceofc i` ic ofsoe mkstÿrkoe (kòcuyi`he qui ces lfstes oerrki`tis

hi cuz, fluf, k`tirìt. _if` fsudkhes per cfs k`stktuokeìs pubckofs) pfrf cf rifckzfokÿ` hi cfs

fotkvkhfhis hi cf Fseokfokÿ`, ti`kë`hecfs qui rifckzfr i` cfs ofsfs hi ces seokes, vecu`tfrkes oede

oecfberfheris, ce qui ès ouistf u` lrf` sforkjkoke prepke hi idpcifr ùistres prepkes melfris

oede ces lfstes eofske`fhes, fhidæs hi è pehir idpcifr tehe ic dftirkfc fuhkevksufc i

k`jerdætkoe, qui tiìdes fcdfoi`fhe, sk` pehir hfr ic use oe`vi`ki`ti, per jfctf hi u` ispfoke

jkge y istfbci, foe`hkoke`fhe cfs fotkvkhfhis qui rifckzfdes.

Oede cf oe`trftfokÿ` f ger`fhf oedpcitf (sil÷` oe`vi`ke) pfrf cf rifckzfokÿ` hic prelrfdf

(i` cf tidperfckzfokÿ` qui huri cf oicibrfokÿ` hic dkci`ke) oe` cfs i`tkhfhis pirtkì`tis qui ce

ccivi` f ofbe7

• 6 oeerhk`fher

• 6 dihkfher

• 2 tëo`koes

• 8 de`kteris

FHIDÆ_ HI CF_ _KLYKI@XI_ RFWE@I_7

• _edes viokès y viok`fs hic Ofsoe Mkstÿrkoe, ski`he cf dfyer pfrti hi ùistrfs jfdkckfs

hic bfrrke hi –tehf cf vkhf—, i` ispiokfc cfs jfdkckfs hi sflfs jcfdiòfs oede ces, qui sus frtkstfs

se` pfrti hi cf fseokfokÿ` y sus fotkvkhfhis




dfèceycfkcfNldfkc.oed tcjè/wmft ̧ sYp/Ckì ::: 899 9:< ^ælk`f 6>? hi 6>;

• _edes u`f erlf`kzfokÿ` k`tiroucturfc, hi pirse`fs hi hkvirsfs `foke`fckhfhis, viokès/fs

hic bfrrke

• Vui ccivfdes föes trfbfgf`he sk` æ`kde hi cuore i` ic Ofsoe Mkstÿrkoe, i` ispiokfc oe`

k`tirviòkeìs oucturfcis y ihuoftkvfs, ti`ki`he u`f erlf`kzfokÿ` oe`seckhfhf y oe` pristklke,

fhidæs hi sir u`f pcftfjerdf pfrf istes, ti`ki`he su rispite fc sir su dihke.

• Xiìdes u`f trfyioterkf seckhf, fc mfbir skhe subviòke`fhe pirkÿhkofdi`ti tf`te per cf

gu`tf hi F`hfcuoäf, oede ic fyu`tfdki`te, fhidæs hi pfrtkokpfr fotkvfdi`ti i` k`kokftkvfs

k`stktuoke`fcis oede hi trfbfge i` rih y oecfberfokeìs

• Ce ÷`koe qui ìoisktfdes is u` ceofc, yf qui ces riourses mudfès y dftirkfcis ceshkspeìdes tf`te pfrf ùistrfs fotkvkhfhis oede cfs qui riqukirf ic oi`tre

• Vuirides pfrtkokpfr fotkvfdi`ti i` cf Rioupirfokÿ` hic Ofsoe Mkstÿrkoe, Ic pcf` Yrbf`,

cf Oicibrfokÿ` hic Dkci`ke hic Rikè hi Fcdiräf oede hi etrfs k`kokftkvfs k`stktuoke`fcis y

seokfcis.

• Mides skhe pridkfhes i` ic 2>>< per Fcdihkfd y cf Ju`hfokÿ` BK^-BK^ 1 i` ic 2>>; i`

cf ZKK Ihkokÿ` ^ridkes Oecilf Fcdiräf y i` 2>6> i` ces ] ^ridkes F`hfcuz fc Zecu`tfrkfhe, ce

oufc is u` fvfc hi ofckhfh.Mfstf qui si secuokeì istf prebcidætkof, qui ès kdpkhi trfbfgfr oe` dfyer ijiotkvkhfh, si

idpcifrf` cfs ofsfs hi ces dkidbres hi cfs fseokfokeìs, oede hi ispfokes qui ès higi`

tidperfc y pu`tufcdi`ti, oede ces riourses dftirkfcis qui hkspeì cf fseokfokÿ`, oede sus

dkidbres y vecu`tfrkes.

Oe`tf`he oede riourses mudfès y dftirkfcis, cfs hi 2 vecu`tfrkfs previ`ki`tis hic prelrfdf

B.K.G.





7" 9%$%)O.& 9% !6(.$ Isti preyiote mf skhe hksiöfhe per ic ckoiòkfhe hi pskoeceläf H. Dfùic Jrfòksoe Rubke

Le`zæciz, `fokhe i` Frf`guiz (Dfhrkh) ic 6>/66/6;<9, hi `foke`fckhfh Ispföecf y H@K

;6=>;6<J (ti`ki`he per tf`tes ces hiriomes hi futer oerrispe`hki`ti) pfrf su igiouokÿ` oede si

ixpeì i` ic, oufcqukir dehkjkofokÿ`, use hkstk`te, k`hibkhe e/y oedirokfc i` su tet fckhfh e

fclu`fs hi sus pfrtis hibiræ sir oedu`kofhf f isti orifher y hksiöfher hic preyiote. Fhidæs H.

Dfùic Jrfòksoe Rubke Le`zæciz tkiì` ces hiriomes hi isti preyiote, puhki`he tedfr cfs

dihkhfs cilfcis ìoisfrkfs pfrf hiji`hir sus hiriomes hi futer, sk istes juirf` pirokbkhes oede

hföfhes.

Istf ebrf istæ bfge u`f ckoiòkf Fttrkbutke`-@eÒeddirokfc-@eHirkvs ?.> Y`pertih hi Oriftkvi

Oedde`s. ^frf vir u`f oepkf hi istf ckoiòkf, vkskti mttp7//oriftkvioedde`s.erl/ckoi`sis/by-ò-

`h/?.>/ e i`vkë u`f ofrtf f Oriftkvi Oedde`s, 6<6 _ioe`h _triit, _ukti ?>>, _f` Jrfòksoe,

Ofckjer`kf ;86>9, Y_F.

vkirìs, 26 hi dfrze hi 2>68 Jkrdfhe7 Dfùic Jrfòksoe Rubke Le`zæciz h`k >;6=>;6<J





Dfùic Jrfòksoe

Rubke Le`zæciz

6>/66/6;<9 (Frf`guiz, Dfhrkh)

Ofsfhe y oe` 6 mkgeîrdkse B y vimäouce prepke

Hkspe`kbkckhfh k`dihkftf

OE@XFOXE Xjè.7 ::: 899 9:<

dfèceycfkcfNldfkc.oed

O/ Istriccf, 68 O.^.

>8>>2 Fcdiräf

dfècerubkele`zfciz

KHKEDF_

Ispföec7 @ftkve

Jrfòës i K`lcis7 B6

^RIDKE_ RIOKBKHE_

" 6ir ^ridke hi cf =ª ihkokÿ` hik`kokftkvfs idprisfrkfcis hi cf

Y`kvirskhfh hi Fcdiräf (Diger ^reyiote y ^cf` hi Idprisfs),

" Fcdihkfd," Ju`hfokÿ` BK^-BK^" Fseo. Oecilf hi Fcdiräf" K`stktute F`hfcuz hi cf Guvi`tuh" Fliòkf F`hfcuzf hi

Zecu`tfrkfhe

@YIZF_ XIO@ECELKF_

" Ihkokÿ` 7 Fuhke, Kdfli` y

OEDÎXI@OKF_ ̂ REJI_KE@FCI_

I]ÎRXE i` K`tirviòkÿ` ^skoeseokfc, Jerdfher, Ihuofher,

De`kter, Dihkfokÿ`, Riourses Mudfès, Dfraitk`l,

K`tiroucturfckhfh, Erki`tfher Cfberfc, Fuhkevksufcis, @uivfs

Xioèceläfs, Fseokfokeìs y Zecu`tfrkfhe.

JERDFOKE@ FOFHIDKOF

Ckoiòkfhe i` ^skoeceläf (2>>?, Y`kvirskhfh hi Fcdiräf)

Oirtkjkofhe hi Fptktuh ̂ ihflÿlkof (2>>9, Y`kvirskhfh hi Fcdiräf)

Xëo`koe hi Cfberfterke hi Kdfli` (6;;=, K`stktute "Fcbfkhf")

JERDFOKE@ DÍXEHECELKOF, per Ærifs Xidætkofs7

_irvkheris, hksiöe \ib it F`kdfokÿ` (Gu`tf hi F`hfcuoäf y etrfs

I`tkhfhis, :;>m)

Jerdfher Eoupfoke`fc, Listkÿ` hi cf Jerdfokÿ` y Oefomk`l (Gu`tf

hi F`hfcuoäf y etrfs I`tkhfhis, 9=> m)

Xëo`koe i` Klufchfh hi Lëìre y Dihke Fdbki`ti (Gu`tf hi

F`hfcuoäf y etrfs I`tkhfhis, 8=>m)

Riourses mudfès, Listkÿ` Cfberfc, ^riviòkÿ` hi Rkisles

Cfberfcis, CE^H y Ofckhfh ( Gu`tf hi F`hfcuoäf y etrfs I`tkhfhis,

(=>2 m)

Erki`tfokÿ` Cfberfc y Lister hi oeceofokÿ` (Gu`tf hi F`hfcuoäf y

etrfs I`tkhfhis, 999m)Oukhfher hi Hksofpfoktfhes Jäskoes y ^säqukoes (Gu`tf hi F`hfcuoäf y

etrfs I`tkhfhis, 28>m)

Xëo`kofs y Diteheceläfs ^frtkokpftkvfs (OKDF_, 662 m)

JERDFOKE@ OED^CIDI@XFRKF

Ourses, Xfcciris Ger`fhfs. Oe`jiriòkfs, _idk`frkes hi7_i`skbkckzfokÿ`, Jerdfokÿ`, Ihuofokÿ`, Dklrfokeìs, K`tiroucturfckhfh, Idpcie, Fseokfokeìs, Zecu`tfrkfhe, XKO¸s y




dfèceycfkcfNldfkc.oed tcjè/wmft ̧ sYp/Ckì ::: 899 9:< ^ælk`f 6>: hi 6>;

Zkhie.

" Oeddu`kty Df`flidi`t y_eokfc Dihkf.

" I-Oeddiroi, I-Fhdk`kstrfokÿÌt K-Fhdk`kstrfokÿ .̀

" Ejkdætkof

" _ilurkhfh it Oedu`kofokÿ`

" I-Jerdfokÿ`

" \ib 2.>

" Hksiöe \ib, _irvkheris, Bfsis

hi Hftes, Rihis..." Bui` use hi cfs X.K.O.¸_

" _kstidfs Epirftkves (\k`hews, Dfo, Ckùx, F`hrekh) y _ejtwfri

" Hkspesktkves Dÿvkcis

" _ejtwfri it Mfrhwfri

" Df`ti`kdki`te hi iqukpes

" K`jerdætkof i` Liìrfc.

F^XKXYHI_ Futehkhfotf, K`èvfher, Idpri`hiher, _eokfbci ,Oedu`koftkve y Rispe`sfbci.

EXRE_

^riskhi`ti hi u`f fseokfokÿ` hi k`tirviòkeìs pskoeseokfcisfpeyfhfs i` cfs X.K.O.¸s(F.O.F.)

I` dk tkidpe ckbri jerdæ`hedioe`tkùfdi`ti y riokocæ`hedi. Fotufcdi`ti ourse E`ckì.

Ystihis puihi` _ilukr dks Fjkokeìs, Jerdfokeìs y Ixpirkiòkfs i` dks pirjkcis7

Ndfèceycfkcf

Ncfkcfydfèce

Etres.

I]ÎRKI@OKF CFBERFC (Fcdiräf)

Xëo`koe hi –Fcdiräf F`ti cfs Hrelfs— (Fyte hi Fcdiräf, 2>6?-68 )

Jerdfher Dehuce Erki`tfokÿ` y _i`skbkckzfokÿ` hi Liìre y

Dihkefdbki`tfc (Gu`tf hi F`hfcuoäf, 2>62)

Hk`fdkzfher oi`tre Lufhfck`je (Okuhfh Hklktfc, 2>>=)

Erki`tfher Cfberfc (OI^FKD, Fcdiräf, 2>><)

Ihuofher (Evkihe y Gerbfcf`, 2>>=-2>66. "Di`sfgires hi cf ^fz",

2>>9)

Jerdfher y Xuter hi ^rfotkofs, Oeerhk`fher hi ^reyiotes,

Erki`tfokÿ` Cfberfc (FOF, 2>>;-2>6?)

De`kter _eokeoucturfc (Fcofcæ, 2>>8)

Xrfbfgfher _eokfc, Xëo`koe hi F`kdfokÿ` _eoke-Oucturfc y

De`kter-Hk`fdkzfher (JFZF –Ispige hic Dfr", 2>>:-2>><)

Ihuofher, F`kdfher Oucturfc y Xëo`koe Fux. hi Bkbcketiof

(Fyu`tfdki`te hi Fcdiräf, 2>>8)

Etrfs Ixpirkiòkfs ^rejiske`fcis (Riiùdirfhfs e Zecu`tfrkfs)

Oe`jiriòkf`ti, jerdfher hi tfcciris, pfrtkokpfokÿ` i`

k`vistklfokeìs seokfcis it pirkehästkofs, tuter hi præotkofs,

rispe`sfbci hi preyiotes (Y`kvirskhfh hi Fcdiräf y etrfs I`tkhfhis,

2>>?-2>6?)

^frtkokpfokÿ`, Zecu`tfrkfhe y Oecfberfokÿ` i` ^reyiotes hi Xrfbfge

i` Rih, I`tkhfhis, Fseokfokeìs y ic ?ir _ioter, oe` oeciotkves7

frtästkoes, vucìrfbcis, hksofpfoktfhes, dkèräfs ët`kofs, k`dklrf`tis,

gÿviìs, dugiris, pebcfokÿ` i` sktufokÿ` e picklre hi ixocuskÿ` seokfc...

(6;;9-2>6?)

Ebrire (_upirdirofhes, Fcdfoiìs, Flrkoucturf) Zi`hiher y etres

Ejkokes (6;=;-2>6?




dfèceycfkcfNldfkc.oed tcjè/wmft ̧ sYp/Ckì ::: 899 9:< ^ælk`f 6>< hi 6>;

Cfkcf Cfdzfkdzkf

>6/>6/6;=8 (Ai`ktrf, Dfrruioes)

Ofsfhe y oe` 6 mkge

Hkspe`kbkckhfh k`dihkftf

OE@XFOXE

Xjè.7 ::: 899 9:<

dfèceycfkcfNldfkc.oed

O/ Istriccf, 68 O.^.

>8>>2 Fcdiräf

dfècerubkele`zfciz

KHKEDF_

Ispföec y Ærfbi7 @ftkve

Jrfòës 7 B6

^RIDKE_ RIOKBKHE_

" 6ir ^ridke hi cf =ª ihkokÿ` hik`kokftkvfs idprisfrkfcis hi cfY`kvirskhfh hi Fcdiräf (Diger ^reyiote y ^cf` hi Idprisfs),

" Fcdihkfd," Ju`hfokÿ` BK^-BK^" Fseo. Oecilf hi Fcdiräf" K`stktute F`hfcuz hi cf Guvi`tuh" Fliòkf F`hfcuzf hi Zecu`tfrkfhe

@YIZF_ XIO@ECELKF_ " Ihkokÿ` 7 Fuhke, Kdfli` y Zkhie.

" Oeddu`kty Df`flidi`t y _eokfc

OEDÎXI@OKF_ ^REJI_KE@FCI_

I]ÎRXF7 Oukhfhes hi Dièris, Dfyeris y

hksofpfoktfhes, Dihkfokÿ`, De`kter,

K`tiroucturfckhfh, Fuhkevksufcis, @uivfs

Xioèceläfs, Fseokfokeìs y Zecu`tfrkfhe.

JERDFOKE@ FOFHIDKOF

Bfomkccir hi Cktirfturf Dehir`f (2>>9, Ai`ktrf, Dfrruioes)

I]ÎRKI@OKF CFBERFC

Oukhfhe hi îrse`fs Dfyeris (2>6?/2>68,

Fcdiräf)

^rfotkofs hi Ftiòkÿ` _eoke _f`ktfrkf f îrse`fs

Hipi`hki`tis ( 2>6?, JFFD, Fcdiräf)

De`kterf hi Xkidpe Ckbri (2>>;/2>6>, Fseo.

FO.F.) Dihkfherf, De`kterf, Jerdfherf y ihkterf

Fuhkevksufc (2>6?/2>>< Zecu`tfrkfhe i` Fseo.

F.O.F.)

Oukhfherf hi @köes, pirse`fs dfyeris y

hipi`hki`tis (2>66/2>>= y 2>>8, f hedkokcke i` Ispföf y Dfrruioes)

Ckdpkfherf (2>>< y 2>>?, f hedkokcke y ejkok`fs i`

Dfrruioes y Ispföf)

Oeokìrf y Ofdfrirf (2>>< y 2>>2/2>>>,

Ristfurf`ti y Ofjitiräf i` Fcdiräf y Dfrruioes)

Hipi`hki`tf (2>>:, Xki`hf i` Dfrruioes)

îÿ` Flräoecf ( 2>>>/2>>:, Dfrruioes y Ispföf).




dfèceycfkcfNldfkc.oed tcjè/wmft ̧ sYp/Ckì ::: 899 9:< ^ælk`f 6>= hi 6>;

Dihkf.

" I-Oeddiroi, I-Fhdk`kstrfokÿ` It K-Fhdk`kstrfokÿ`.

" Ejkdætkof

" _ilurkhfh it Oedu`kofokÿ`

" I-Jerdfokÿ`

" \ib 2.>

" Bui` use hi cfs X.K.O.¸_

" _kstidfs Epirftkves (\k`hews, Dfo, Ckùx, F`hrekh) y _ejtwfri

" Hkspesktkves Dÿvkcis

" _ejtwfri it Mfrhwfri

" Df`ti`kdki`te hi iqukpes

" K`jerdætkof i` Liìrfc.

OF^FOKHFHI_ [ F^XKXYHI_

Futehkhfotf, Xi`fokhfh, Fhfptfbkckhfh f hkjiri`tis tkpes yfdbki`tis hi trfbfge, ^cf`kjkofokÿ` yerlf`kzfokÿ`, Me`rfhiz, Idpri`hiherf, _eokfbci ,Oedu`koftkve y Rispe`sfbci.

EXRE_

^riskhi`tf hi u`f fseokfokÿ` hik`tirviòkeìs pskoeseokfcisfpeyfhfs i` cfs X.K.O.¸s (F.O.F.)

I` dk tkidpe ckbri jerdæ`hedioe`tkùfdi`ti y riokocæ`hedi. Fotufcdi`ti ourse E`ckì.

Ystihis puihi` _ilukr dks Fjkokeìs, Jerdfokeìs y Ixpirkiòkfs i` dks pirjkcis7

Ndfèceycfkcf

Ncfkcfydfèce

JERDFOKE@ OED^CIDI@XFRKF

–^RE[IOXE FKRI—, JFFD, Fyu`tfdki`te hi Fcdiräf7 OYR_E

HI FXI@OKE _EOKE _F@KXFRKF F ÎR_E@F_

HIÎ@HKI@XI_ I@ K@_XKXYOKE@I_ _EOKFCI_ (9?>m hi

Xierkf y 69>m hi ^rfotkofs)

Heoi`tkud jerdfokÿ`7 K`dklrfokÿ` y Risecuokÿ` hi

Oe`jckotes7 Dihkfokÿ` K`tiroucturfc (82m)

Oe`sigiräf hi K`èvfokÿ`, Okiòkf y Idprisf7Dehices y Listkÿ` hi Fseokfokeìs (:>m)

Oeddu`kty df`flir y _eokfc Dihkf(;>m), Ihkokÿ` hi

Fuhke, êhofst, Kdfli` y Zkhie (;>m),

Oediroke Iciotrÿ`koe y I-Fhdk`kstrfokÿ` (69m)

_ilurkhfh K`jerdætkof y Df`ti`kdki`te hi skstidfs (:>m)

y _dfrtpmeìs y _kstidfs epirftkves Dÿvkcis (?>m)

Hkriookÿ` Liìrfc hi Zecu`tfrkfhe y ^frtkokpfokÿ`7

Zecu`tfrkfhe y Oedu`kofokÿ` (2> m), Ofckhfh,

Zecu`tfrkfhe y Hkvirskhfh (2> m)

Oehi`fj 7 Ci`luf y Oucturf Ispföecf (6>> m) y

Fcjfbitkzfokÿ` K`jerdætkof7 K`jerdætkof i

K`tirìt (9> m)

Ixoici`täskde Fyte. hi Fcdiräf7 Ourse hi Ispföec pfrf

K`dklrf`tis (?:m)

JFJJI7 Df`kpucfher hi fckdi`tes hi fcte rkisle (6>m)

Iòui`tre F`hfcuz hi Zecu t̀frkfhe hklktfc 2>6>

Ysufrkf hi F`hfcuoäf Oedpredkse Hklktfc

Plan Programaciones Almeria +1 milenio de culturas

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