Pinto Apuntes Biograficos.

8/19/2019 Pinto Apuntes Biograficos.

1/30

FZÎQNP EHKMUFOHKKP

a n

` f i a h a f t k

F DF ZUNPHANI@HF A t DF UNZÊDH@F

PNMÎAF «]@HKI2

IK PL HH ã DDDF n i _NIQF

_FDZFUFHPK2

HCZUNIQF AND "ZNANU,– @FDDN.;PFI FM^PQHI, I." 7.hPQ'n.


2/30

F DKP NDN@QKUNPAN H b FG 2pukvhIr̀ xFbU ehk-nhk h F.2IrfkrY

9 4

(NBãtkrhfBh hnd E hq -Eg9, Bn 5: as buihãb an 6P=Pg)

Zrðxhck yf nd 5> buihk, aãf ni qun sn vf f dherfr df mrfi eftfddf qun dhf an annhahr an df sunr tn outurf and pfãs, ns ui anenr iuns trk h and `kcprkchsk `kitrfãak ft ouiafr nstf puedh`f`hði afr f `kik`n r f dks

ndn`dkr`s aè df prkvhi`hf dks fitn`nanitns h dks bustks tãtudks qun rn` kchniafi fd `fiahaftk pfrf prnshanitn an ãf rnpòedh`f, snökr aki Fiãefd Zhitk*

Dks fpuitns ehkmræoh`ks qun vfini snmu haf dks gfcks rn`kphdfak f df vãstf an fdmuifs pued h`f`hkins fitnrhkrns2 rnuihniak fsã, ni ui sk dk ùnrpk, tkak ãk qun sn rndf`hkif `ki df vhaf an ui gkcern , qun ns uif rkeustf nspnrfizf an pfz h an prkmrnsks pkshthvks pfrf \f rnpòed h`f, sh, `kck dk `rnntiks, nd vktk an sus `ki`huafafiks dk ddnvf f kùpfr nd pkanr Puprnck and Nstfak*

Zkr nstks ôbnrks fpuitns sn vnrf qun nd snGkr Zhitk ik ns ui ans`kik`hak, `kck gf prntniahak gf`nrdk fpfrn`nr df pfshði cfd niùehnr tf an sus nivhahk sks ècud ks, shik hcf an dfs fdtfs hdustrf`hkins an su pfhs h f quhni dn gf `kisfmrfak dfrmks föks an euniks h cnrhtkrhks snrvhaks*

Èd pfh2Y nspnrf cfs tkafvãf an Bf prkehafa h and pfdrãktãstik and snökr Zhitk< h ik nspnrfræ ni vfik, ns tfck s `hnrtksY pkrqun su f`niarfak fckr pkr df pftrhf dk gfræ prkpnianr f rnfdhzfr su nimrfi an` hchnitk h su outurk ehninstfr*

Ph dhfh tkafvãf hi`rèaudks ni !f kerf and pkrvnihr, dks ncpdfzfcks

pfrf fitn nd trheuif! an df ghstkrhf h an df kphihki qun, ni nd fök an 67PH, pkaræ prkiui`hfr su ofddk busth` hnrk ` hinxkrfedn ni ofvkr and ehnu k and cfd qun sn gfyf gn`gk. ,

Df nstrnddf an Mghãn nstæ gkh ãhbf ni dks ansthiks an dfs if`hkins* Zrkitk gfræ su nvkdu`hði quhiqunifd< h su erhddk ansducerfakr gfræ antninrsn fskcerfaks f dks pdfintfs af ktrks `hndk s, pfrf `kitncpdfr su cfr`gf hcpkinitn, cfbnsDuksf h trhuiofd ni dkf nspf`hks and pkrvnihr*

ckth̀ kǹ m̀


3/30


4/30

?

Hdfehniodk vn`hdöak uif `kivnihnitn prnpfrf h̀ði ni dks `kik`hchnitks ruahhi`hhtfdns 4prn nitðhhn`f sk afef ni dks nstfedn`hchnitks pòedh`ks 4d̀ nau`f`hði, pfsð, f df nafa an 61 föks, f hi`krpkrfrsn fd Histhtutk If`hkifd h f dks ùrsks ns

pn`hfdns, (phn rnb`hhtfef nhh nsf èpk`f nd sfehk nrfhinitk aki Fiarès Enddk. F su `kistfi`hf h fckr pkr kd nstuahk anehð nd snhdkr Zhitk dks iktfedns phkmrnsks an su nau`f`hði< h dfs erhddfitns prunefs ni ohdkskoãf, anrn`gk hitnrif`hkifd, ahpdkcæth`k, rkcfik, `hvhd h ifturfd, dnimufs fithmufs, `hni`hfs nxf`tfs h nspnrhuhnitfdns dn `kdk`frki ehni prkitk nith'̀ df ofdfihn an dks bðvnins qun, shniak nitðu`ns uif dhnrcksf nspnrfizf,, aneãfi cfs fandfitn snr dfs ounrtns nkduhhhhhfs an

dks prkmrnsks h `kiquhstfs an su pfthôf, h fd`fizfaks yf ni mrfi pfrtk cnr`na f sus tfdnitks h f sus vhrtuans `ãvh`fs.Ni nsf èpk`f nd snökr Zhitk tkcð uif pfrtn efstð tn

f`nitufaf ni nd ckvhchnitk dhenrfd qun fbhtfef fd pfhs< ã ekh chsck thnini ui hitnrès pfdphtfitn an f`tufdhafa vfb hks frtãùdks qun rnbhsthi df prnisf an nsn thncpk anehaks f su pducf h iktfedns pkr su ah``hði, dk prkouiak an sus hanfs h nd fd`fi`n ak dfs ak`trhifs qun ansfvr`hddf, `ki nd thik h df ounrzf an dðbh`f an ui pnisfakr sèrhk h `òùispn`tk.

HHHDks su`ksks pkdãth`ks an nsks thncpks h df mrfvnafa

chscf an df shtuf`hði, f`kisnbfrki nitki`ns fd mkehnrik fdmuifs cnahafs an rnprnshði< h nitrn dks iucnrksks antnihaks ohmurfefi fdmhcks fchmks and snökr Zhitk, f quhnins `kisfmrfef cfs qun nd `frhök and fchmk, nd fckr an gnrcfik.

Cnahfitn f sus vfdhksks nsounrzks anehnrki, fqunddks su dhenrtfa. .

Df fchstfa pfrf nd snökr Zhitk ns sfmrfaf h ik rn`kik`n pfrf nddf ihimòi bèhhkrk an sf`rhoh`hks. Nstn snithchnitk ns uif pfshði ni èd< h f nstf bninrksf nspfishki an su fdcf gf anehak shncprn nd `kitfr `ki fadhnshkins ounrtns h iucnrksfs, qun gf`ni nd krmuddk an su vhaf< puns ch ns pk`f sfthsof``hði df qun nspnrhcnhhtf nd dhkihern prkek h an

shitnrnsfak fd anbfr `krrnr sus ahfs ni cnahk an df nsthcfY`dki shi`nrf an dks akcfs.Nd thncpk h dks föks gfi rkeustn`hak ni nd fdcf and

snökr Zhitk nsn b kinrksk snithchnitk, nsf pfshði pkr dffchstfa.

Nsf pfshði ns dhkh ui ùdtk.


5/30

Nd nmkãsck ik gf `kickvhak bfchhs dfs akdã`fafs oherfs an shh `krfzku, if`hak h ãerthhh`faô skdk pfrf nd ehni.

H_Ni nd fök an 671: sn ahspusk nd nivãk an uif dnmf`hði

an prhcnrf `dfsn f dhkrif, `ki nd kebntk an `ndnerfr hc `ki`kraftk `ki df Pfitf Pnan pfrf fd`fizfr antnrchifafs `ki`nshkins, qun rn`dfcfefi dks hitnrnsns pkdãth`k-r`hhhhksks akd pfãs< h ksf dnmf`hði, an df ùfd okrcfef pfrtn nd snökr Fiãefd Z hitk ni `dfsn an koh`hfd prhcnrk, sk ncefr`ð f ùcpdhr si chshði ni dks òdthcks cnsns an nsn chsck fök.

Nd snökr Zhitk orhsfef fpnifs ni dks vnhitn f ök s , ùfiak nd mkehnrik an @ghdn dn afef ui punstk an gkikr tfi snöfdfak h dn ferãf, pkr an`hrdk fsã, dfs punrtfs an df ahpdkcf`hf, ni ùyf `frrnrf rn`kbnrãf ik skdk nspnrhni`hf h ndnvfaks gkikrns, shik qun `kcpdntfrãf `ki erhddk su nau`f`hði pfrf gfddfrsn ni fpthtua an prnstfr cfs tfran f su pftrhf dks hcpkrtfitns snrvh`hks qun dn rnsnrvfrãf nd pkrvnihr.

Aurfitn su vhfbn nd snökr Zhitk vhshtð fdmuiks ahfs f Ôhk Bfinhrk, h anspuès an fdmuifs sncfifs ni Zfrhs, `kith

iuð su cfr`gf f df `huafa ntnrif, qun nrf nd tarihhik snöfdfak f df Dnmf`hði. .

_Ndh dhkrifY nd snohkr Zhitk ahspkiãf and thncpk qun dn

anbfefi dhern dks trfefbks an su ansthik pfrf `kitrfnrsn f su pfshði ofvkrhtf, df dn`turf h nd nstuahk. H an`hcks su pf-

Phkhh ofvkrhtf, pkrqun fui g k h chsck sn dn vn `ki ornùni`hf ni nd hitnrhkr ak su mfehintn, rkanfak an puedh`f`hkins if`hkifdns h nstrfibnrfs h an dks vkdòcnins an uif sndn`tf ehedhktn`f, h rn`krrnr sus pæbhifs `ki df fishnafa and sfehk h and ohdðskok, qun iui`f sn niùnitrf sfthson`gk `ki sus `kik`hchnitks h dks rnskrtns an suhibnihk, ã eus`f ni dfs kerfs hickrtfdns an dfs mrfians hdustrf`hkins and sfenr gucfik, iunvfs `ki`np`hkins k iunvks prkedncfs sk`hfdns an vhtfd hcpkrtfi`hf, pfrf gf`nrdks snrvhr ni df nsonrf ak f``hði qun

dn `khQ`spkhhan ni kd cuiak an df f`thvhafa h and trfefbkckrfd h cftnrhfd.

Fgã, ni nd `nitrk an df `huafa ntnrif, `kck ni nd `krfzði an dfs rkeustfs ckifrquãfs, qun tuvk tfcehèi k`fshði an vhshtfr, nd snökr Zhitk puak nitrnmfrsn, `ki tkak nd hitn-


6/30

‑ s ‑

rns an su pfshði, fh nstuahk an dks gkcerns, an dks mkehnriks h ak dks punedks< ni nsf èpk`f prn`hsfcnitn an dks mrfians f`kitn`hchnitks qun nstrncn`hnrki df Nurkpf nitnrf, h quk nd trkik an dks Zfpfs sn vhk vf`hdfr f hcpudsks (dn fdtks ohins pkdãth`ks ã rndhShksks,qhhn anehfi cfs tfran tninr su ùcpdhchnitk, pfrf afr uihafa ã `kgnshði f dks chncerks an df ofchdhf h an df sk`hnafa htfdhfif.

H nd snökr Zhitk rn`kbhð `ki usurf nd orutk an sus fofiks, ak tfitk sf`rhoh`hk, puns su ikcerk sn chrf ni l nafa cfaurf `kck uif an dfs hdustrf`hkins cfs fvnitfbfafs an su pftrhf ni df pkdãth`f, ni df ahpdkcf`hf h ni df `hni`hf an df fachihstrf`hði h and mkehnrik. F nstk anen prn`hsfcnitn

nd cnrn`hak gkcnifbn ak fachrf`hði qun gf sfehak `fptfr- sk nitrn sus `ki`huafafiks, h (phn su ikcern sn prkiui`hn gkh `ki nd rnspntk h chrfchnitks qun fd`fizfi skdk dks gkcerns an vnrafanrk cèrhtk*

Aks föks cfs tfran, nd koh`hfd prhcnrk ni Ukcf nrf ikcerfak sn`rntfrhk an l Dnmf`hði< h ni nstf vnz supk ddnifr nd snökr Zhitk, `ki f`thvhafa h erhddk, dks anenrns an su punstk, pkr dk chsck qun yf ni nsf èpk`f nrf ui pnisfakr ahs`rntk ã fvnhhtfbfak, h tnhhhf fancfs df nspnrhni`hf an dks inmk`hks an df @fi`hddnrãf, qun anehfi snrdn ofchdhfrns, ù ounrzf an sus dfrmks nstuahks h an su rk`n `kistfitn ni nd mrfi cuiak an df ahpdkcf`hf nurkpnf*

_HNi 67>6 rnmrnsfef f su pftrhf `ki nd prnsthbhk qun

shncprn rkanf fd gkcern an cuiak, h qun, ni dumfr an ui

vhfbn qun pfrf cu`gks sundn snr an vfihafa k an pdf`nr, dk gfeãf ncSanfak nd snökr Zhitk ni òthdns h prkvn`gksks nstuahks h rnodnxhkins, qun anehfi. snrvhrdn ehni prkitk pfrf okrcfrsn hhhhf erhddfitn pksh`hði nitrn dks pkdãth`ks ahsthimuhaks h iktfedns nseudhstfs, qun gfi shak nd pftrhckihk an df rnpòedh`f aurfitn dks òdthcks trnhitf föks qun ddnvf an vhaf prðspnrf h ondhz.

Zkr nsk nd mkehnrik, ni 1 an snthncern an 67>6, ddfcfef fd snökr Zhitk f kùpfr ui shddði ni df Ofùdtfa an Ohdkskoãf h Gucfihafans an df îhvnrshafa< h nstf ahsthi`hku `ki qun dn dhkirfef ni dks ckcnitks an vkdvnr f phsfr nd Fdãndk an df pftrhf, nrf nd cnbkr h cfs hinquãvk`k tnsthckihf an qun sus snrvh`hks nhh df Dnmf`hði ni Ukcf gfedfi shak ik skdk noh`f`ns, shik hcpkrtfitns ã cnrhtkrhks-


7/30

Dks gkcerns an dntrfs rn h̀ehnrki tfcehèi `ki cfr`fafs cunstrfs an sfthsof``hði h an fpdfusks tfi f`nrtfaf ndn``hði, punstk qun fsã pkaãf b-f `kitfr df Ofùdtfa ni su snik `ki uif ph nsthbhksf rnputf`hði cæs, h f df `fi nd

vfdhksk `kiùrsk an sus du`ns ã an sus rn`kik`haks tfdnitks*

Nd snökr Zhitk ik tfrað ni `krrnspkianr `ku df cfs ohif h andh`faf ùdturf f tfi fhahnitns gkcnifbns f su `ndnerhafa h f su hdustrf`hði< h su ahsùrsk an hi`krpkrf`hði f df Ofùdtfa, qun ohhè uif hitnrnsfitn h ehni ansfrrkddfaf cnckrhf skerk uik an dks prkedncfs ohdksðoh`ks ak cfs fdtk ãitnrns ckrfd h sk`hfd, vhik f `kiohrcfr df hcpkrtfitn fa

quhsh`hði qin ni nsks ckcnitks rn`heãfi dfs f`fanihhfs an iunstrf îhvnrshafa*Fsã ddnmfef nd snökr Zhitk f tkcfr fshnitk ù nsf histh

tu`hði an sfehks, qun tfitk gf `kitrheuhaf fd okcnitk an df nau`f`hði ni @ghdn, h f quhni tfcehèi anenræ nd ansfrrkddk h dks prkmrnsks quk fd`fizfræ ni nd pkrvnihr.

_HH

Df prkouiaf fbhtf`hki pkdãth`f qun sn ansfrrkddð ni nsf èpk`f h qun nrf uif fcnifzf `kistfitn pfrf df trfiquhdhafa h pfrf nd cfitnihchnitk an dfs histhtu`hkins, rntuvk fd snohkr Zhitk and dfak an df eunif `fusf< ddnmfiak f snr ikcerfak snmuiak bnon an df Mufrahf and Krani, qun sn ouiað ni Pfithfmk ù prktn``hði an fqunddks fdtks hitnrnsns, h qun df f`thtua endh`ksf an dks pfrthaks pfrn`ãf fcnifzfr an cunrtn. Y

Df shtuf`hði ik pkahf snr cfs fdfrcfitn h ahoã`hd, ùfiak tkaks h gfstf mrfi pfrtn and nbèr`htk chsck, kdvhafiak sus anenrns h df ahs`hpdhif chdhtfr, sn nitrnmfefi ni erfzks and ckthi h an df rnendhði pfrf `fcehfr nd nstfak an `ksfs nxhstnitns. Df du`gf anehf snr tnrrhedn< df munrrf `hvhd fskcfef yf `ki tkaks sus gkrrkrns h skdk korn`ãf f df rnpòedh`f ahfs an aundk h an sfimrn* Df tkrcnitf nstfddð fd ohi< h sh guek ansmrf`hfs h pèrahafs snishedns h akdkrksfs, sn rnstfedn`hð prkitk nd rnspntk f df dnh, h `ki nddf df trfiquhdhafa h nd `rèahtk an df if`hði. .

dhfbk nd hcpnrhk an iif pfz fd`fizfaf `ki tfi pniksks sf`rhoh`hks, sn non`tuð ni 67>5 df rnikvf`hði and @kimrnsk h ni ùyf ndn``hði ohmurð nd snökr Zhitk, `kck ahputfak prkphntfrhk*


8/30

Df vhaf pfrdfcnitfrhf ik df fceh`hkifef snmurfcnitn,, puns su rn`kik`haf `kck `frf`tnrãsth`f, ckansthf dn hYntrfhfi gfstf nd puitk ak inmfrsn f dfs nxhbni`ãfs an sus fchmks pfrf qun f`nptfsn ui dumfr ni df @æcfrf an Ahputfaks* Ph

ddnmð fh tncpdk fumustk an df rnprnsnitf`hði if`hkifd, ik anehð nd snökr Zhitk su ndn``hði f dfs hioduni`hfs and pkanr, shik f sus gkirksks fitn`nanitns an prkehafa n hdustrf`hði, h f df in`nshafa cfihonstfaf pkr dks punedks an `kisthtuhr uu @kimrnsk qun ounsô df nsprnshku and vktk pkpudfr, h ni nd `ufd anhufi tkcfr pfrtn dks gkcerks an pftrhitãshik h ak dfekr, S9frf hcpudsfr fd Sfrhs ni nd `fchhbk and hinbkrfhihnitk an sus histhtu`hkins h an su ehni nitniahaf prkspnrhafa.

Nd snökr Zhitk ouè r`nd`bhak pfrf nd snmuiak pnrhkak dnbhsdfthvk, qun tnrchifef ni h 7>7< h ni hkak nd thncpk qun shrvhð su ahputf`hði, supk prnstfr f df `fusf dhenrfd su pkanrksk fpkyk `ki nd nhhtusãfsihk h rdn`hshki and gkcern pòedh`k qun ik nstæ rnöhak `ki df dhenrtfa< h qin æitnn, pkr nd `kitrfrhk, chrf ni sus dnbhtãcfs cfihonstf`hkins nd shmik cfs snmurk a`h pkanr an ui mkehnrik anck`ræth`k h rnmudfr, ansan qun gh kphihki aa punedk snisftk sn gf`n fsã kãr `ki nd Ãitnrns f qun thnin ¡9nro ǹtk aãYrǹ gk `u df kerf and prk

mrnsk h and nimrfian`hchnitk if`hkifd*

Y 6: ‑

_HHH

Nd snukh* Zhitk sn fdkbfef ni 67>= and pfhdfcnutk pfrf nstfedn`nrsn ni @ki`np`hði h nitrnmfrsn f ktrk bninrk an

vhaf h an inmk`hks< shi fefiakifr pkr nsk su pfrth`hpf`hði h nd rkd hcpkrtfitn qun dn `krrnspkiaãf ni df pkdãth`f an nsn thncpk.

@kisfmihak f dks trfefbks an df hiaustrhf fmrã`kdf, nd snökr Zhitk sn uihð `ki dks nstrn`gks dfzks and cftrhckihk f ui væstfmk qunrhak an uif ofchdhf h'nspntfedn n hdustrn, `ki df ghbf and enincèrhtk bninrfd aki Bksè Cfrãf an df @ruz. Nstf uihði vhik in`nsfrhfcnitn f h̀fr cfykr f`nituf`hði h `fh'æ`tnr f su pnrskifdhafa pkdãth`f, qun ansan nsn

ckcnitk qunafef yf nstfedn`haf ã `kiskdhafaf, punstk qun f nstfs iunvfs rndf`hkins vnihf f fmrupfrsn nd prnsthbhksk vfdhchnitk `ki qun `kitfef nd Bninrfd Eòdins,qun ahspkiãf an iucnrksfs h ounrtns fagnshkins, tfitk ni nd `nitrk, `kck ni nd ikrtn h sur an df rnpòedh`f*


9/30

HWF cnahfaks an 67>7 anbfef an nxhsthr nd hdustrn Bnin-

rfd aku Orfi`hs`k Fitkihk Zhitk, f quhni l if`hði trheutð dks euikrns anehaks f su `ndnerhafa h f si rfimk. Ansfpfrn`ãf fsã uif mdkrhf chdhtfr, ui mrfi nstfahstf h ui ndnvfak pkdãth`k< Shnrk `ki nd mrftk `kisthMdk ak anbfr ui gnrnanrk an sus vhrtuans h an sus tfdkitks ni su ghbk aki Fiãefd Zhitk* Nd hdustrn Bkinrfd vhð rn`kbhBf tfi enddf dh`rni`hf< h dãhkrhf `ki df trfiquhdhafa and nspãrhtu, qun shncprn prkau`n uif ikedn fsphrf`hði fd`fizfaf h sfthson`gf.

WChèitrfs fsh fefiakifef nstn cuiak ui gkcern tfi

hdustrn, ounrtns `kitrfthncpks fc ni fzfe fi an iunvk df sunrtn an df rnpòedh`f. Nd bcnskitn nrf skcerãk h fbhdfak


10/30

_khh`hak nd prhi`hphk rnvkdu`hkifrhk tfdvnz pfrf shncprn< sfdvfaf df @kisthtu`hði h nd rnspntk f df futkrhafa, nitrð an iunvk nd pfhs ni su cfr`gf ikrcfd an rn`kisthtu`hði h an trfefbk, f ùyf tfrnf guek qun `kisfmrfr dks föks an ?: f ?6.

Nu tkak nd thncpk trfsùrrhak nd snökr Zhitk ik pnr- ihfin`hð hif`thvk, puns sus vfdhksfs hioduni`hfs `kithiufrki nbnr`hèiaksn ni ofvkr an dks fchmks ni ansmrf`hf h pnrsnmuhaks, dk qun vnihf f rkeustn`nr cfs h cfs su prnsthbhk h f pkinr tkafvãf cfs ni trfspfrni`hf su `fræ`tnr `kcpfshvk h eucfuhtfrhk, h f qun gf sfehak hi`dhifrsn shncprn ni tkaks dks f`tks an su vhaf pòedh`f `kck prhvfaf* Nstf enddf ùfdh

afa ik ns snmurfcnitn nd pftrhckihk an tkaks iunstrks gkcerns pòedh`ks< h ni nd snökr Zhitk ns tfitk cfs rncfr`fedn, ùfitk qun nsn snithchnitk ns ifturfd f su tncpnrfcnitk h f su `fræ`tnr, qun shncprn gf`n nd ehni h shnitn ui vnrafanrk ahsmustk sh nsn ehni sn snöfdf f dks akcfs. Pu ckansthf vnrafanrf dk ddnvf gfstf kùdtfr sus eunifs f``hkins, ùfiak ns ornùnitn nitrnmfrdfs f tkaks dks vhnitks an df puedh`hafa h an df ofcf*

WHDf ghstkrhf `kitncpkræinf `kik`n yf dfs rfzkins an

fdtk ansprniahchnitk ã an feinmf`hði qun kedhmð fui gkcern vgtuksk h nchinitn f rn`gfzfr tkaf hanf an su ndnvf`hði f df prhcnrf cfbhstrfturf and pfhs< h muhfak pkr nd ikedn snu th chnitk an su prkouiak fckr pkr su pftrhf, trfefbð gfstf fd`fizfr df ndn``hði an ui `fiahaftk an trfish

`hði, `kck ui cnahk an rn`kiquhstfr df pfz h df `kiohfizf nitrn dfs ahvnrsfs orf``hkins, ni qun sn ahvhahf nitðu`ns df kphihki. Nsn `fiahaftk ouè nd snökr aki Bksè Bkfquãi ZnrnRb qun nd pfhs rn`hehð h qun vhð ddnmfr f dfs fdturfs and pkanr sh ik `ki fpdfusks, f dk cèiks `ki df `kiohfizf qun hisphrfefi sus gkirksks fitn`nanitns `kck gkcern pòedh`k* Nd snökr Z`rnz öxè chrfak ansan dunmk `kck ui Zrnshanitn an `ki`hdhf`hði*

îk an dks prhcnrks f`tks an su mkehnrik ouè nd ikcerfchnitk gn`gk ni 67?6 ni nd snökr Zhitk pfrf Hitnianitn an @ki`np`hði* Nstn punedk, prkouiafcnitn trfefbfak h ahvhahak pkr dfs òdthcfs du`gfs, h akian df nxfdtf`hði an dfs pfshkins h dks rni`krns tkcfefi uif rnìhans`ninhf fdfrcfitn, in`nshtfef cfs qun ihimòi ktrk an uu cfiaftfrhk

‑ 60 ‑


11/30

‘ ‑ d f

ak `fræ`tnr h rn`thtua, an hitkdhbni`hf n hdustrf`hði qun, `h- öèhhaôsn fd ùcpdhchnitk nstrh`tk an sus anenrns, prkpnc ahnsn f sus fandfitks cftnrhfdns h rnstfedn`hnsn f df vnz df `fdcf h eunif fiikihf,nitrn dks chncerks an uif sk`hnafa tfi fdthvf `kck ùdtf.

Ni tfdns `kiah`hkins, ik pkaãf snr cfs fokrtuifaf h ondhz df ndn``hði and snökr Zhitk, h qin ansan dunmk oun rn`hehaf `ki cfr`fafs cunstrfs an f`nptf`hði h an shcpftãfs frahnitns h shi`nrfs*

Znrk sh df prkQÒi`hf an @ki`np`hði rnaehf `ki nd s`rhkr Zhitk si fishfaf trfiquhdhafa h dfs cnbkrns nspnrfizfs an ehninstfr sk`hfd ¡ cftnrhfd, df prunef f qun hef f skcntnrsn

nd cfiaftfrhk, ni dfs `cùustfi`hfs snöfdfafs, nrf an hicnisf rnspkisfehdhafa h trfs`niani`hf< h skern tkak, tnihf fgã qin bumfrsn ui pkrvnihr h ui euni ikcerk, fd`fizfaks yf `ki tfi pniksks `kck dfuafedns nsounrzks*

Ph cu`gks punani nitrnmfrsn f tfi ahoã`hdns \brunefs an mkehnrik, ik shncprn ns`fpfi `ki eunif okrtuif< ùfiak cæs sfdvfi su trhstn pnrskifdhafa, anbfiak trfs an sã uif pæbhifYan `kitrfthncpks k an fefiakik, yf qun ik snf an oftfdns h kahksks rnùnraks pfrf nd punedk.

WHHNi 67o95 tkcfef nd snökr Zhitk dfs rhniafs and mkehnr

ik an df fachhustrf`hki< h `ki nd thik h df nspnrhni`hf qun dn ski prkphks, `fcehfef pkr `kcpdntk, ni pk`ks cnsns, df shtuf`hði nikbksf an df prkvhi`hf, pfrf nitrnmfrdf ni erfzks an ui pkhQnihr prðspnrk h rhsunök*

Pu fachihstrf`hði sn ghzk iktfedn ansan dunmk pkr nd nspãrhtu an busth`hf n hcpfr`hfdhafa qun rnhifef ni tkaks sus f`tks* Ægã ik guek fchmks, ih favnrsfhhks< tkafs dfs kphihkins tniöc dherk nithefaf ni sus `kisnbks h, shncprn anonrnitn f dfs hiah`f`hkins and punedk, ddnvfef f tèrchik dfs cnahafs k cnbkrfs qun rn`dfcfefi nã ãitnrns an sus mkenrifaks h df hcpkrtfi`hf ak df `huafa, qun snrvhf an fshnitk f su mkehnrik snisftk n hdustrfak. @ufhquhnrf hanf, ùfdquhnr pnisfchnitk cnbkr cnahtfak h an uthdhafa vnrafanrf, quk pruùrisn ddnvfr f `fek, dk nitrnmfef fd ofddk an df kphihði< h, snmurk an su eunif f`kbhaf, dk rnfdhzfef ni shdni`hk,, shi ihòdk h shi nstrèphtk*

Pu rnspntk pkr df kphihði dk ddnvð shncprn fd snökr Zhitk f anbfr df dhern cfihonstf`hði an sus fsphrf`hkins ni df


12/30

ndn``hði an sus `fehdaks h an sus cfiaftfrhks fd @kimrnsk


13/30

Df ãthstri``hki prhcfrhf h snùiafrhf nrfi ftniahafs `ki rn`kik`hak Ãitnrns,

Pn `nhhsth-fyð aks euniks h `ðckaks nahoh`hks pfrf nsni`hfs phhedh`fs. .

Pn dnvfitð nd cftfanrk nxhstnitn.Pn ghzk nd Gksphtfd ak cubnrns.Nd Gksphtfd ak gkcerns rn`hehð hcpkrtfitns h vfdhksfs

cnbkrfs.Pn tnrchið h gfehdhtð nd nahoh`hk ansthifak fd Gksph`hk.Q.f pdfzf ak Fefstks sn trfsokrcð `fsh `kcpdntfcnitn.Pn rnof``hkið an uif cfinrf `kivnihnitn nd @ncni

tnrhk, h sn `nrrð tkak su `hrùhtk, prkùræiakdn f df vnz

cfykr `kckahafa h dhcphnzf.Pn ftniahð an uif cfinrf `kivnihnitn dks okiaks an nsn nstfedn`hchnitk, punstk quk ni ohd ik `kitfef `ki dk suoh`hnitn pfrf dk.s mfstks shquhnrf ak fsnk< ni tfitk qun, f df sfdhaf and snökr Zhitk, qunafefi fqunddfs cnbkrfs h an

bfef ui `fpnddæi h uif `fbf `ki trns chd pnsks rhk sus nitrf rhf.s.

Df pdfzf an frcfs r``hehf nd gnrcksk pdfitnd an ærekdns qun df `hrùiafi h `ruzfi ù tkafs ahrn``hkins< h su gnrcksf phdf rn`heãf df in`nsfrhf prkvhshði an fmuf pktfedn, ▪

Pn `kcpdntð nd «fducerfak pòedh`k an df pdfzf h ak df `huafa.

Dks nahãh`hks pòedh`ks rn`hehnrki iif `kivnihnitn rnpfrf`hði.

Pn ghzk nd frrnmdk ak dfs `fddns, df ihvndf`hði an dfs f ǹr«fs h df `kistru``hði an dfs f`nquhfs. '

Df vhfehdhafa pòedh`f rn`hehð cnbkrfs an nsthcf`hði iktfedn.ã ni ohi, ik qunað rfck fdmuik and snrvh`hk pòedh`k

qin ik ounsn `kishanrfak h ftniahak ni df cnahaf an sus in`nshafans h rhk .si hcpkrtfi`hf.

Qkrhk nstk ohdð rnfhtzfrhk aurfitn nd thncpk qun pnrcfin`hð nd snökr Zhitk ni df hhhtnuani`ãf an @ki`np`hði< prkefiak `ki nddk ik skdk su nspãrhtu prkmrnshstf,, shik tfcehèi sus sðdhafs ofùdtfans an nx`ndnitn h gæehd frhchihstræakr.

WH_

Phi ncefrmk, df fachihstrf`hði an df prkvhi`hf ik ouè df skdf kùpf h̀ði an su nspãrhtu h an sus ansvndks< tfcehèi

‑ 60 ‑


14/30

sn nitrnmfef fd nstuahf an hks hitnrnsns bnunrfdns and pfhs, `ki uif `kistfi`hf ã tnsði hiofthmfedns*

Ni cnahk an dks chd h vfrhfaks prkyn`tks qun ahf f aãf surbhfhh ni dks prhcnrks thncpks an su mkehnrik, `ki`hehð nd

ftrnvhak pnisfchnitk an qun sn ddnvfsn f `fek df `kistru``hði and onrrk`frrhd nitrn @ghddfi h Qfd`fdhufik< kerf `kdksfd, pkr `hnrtk, ik skdk pkr su cfmihtua, shik tfcehèi pkr df hcpkrtfi`hf an dks ehnins qun aneãf prkau`hr, nspn`hfe cnitn f df vhaf h fd `kcnr`hk an dfs prkvhi`hfs cfs hicnahftfcnitn ofvkrn`hafs, h f df rnbãku an df orkitnrf frfu`fif, akian kd pfhs thnin pkr `kiquhstfr tfi mrfians `kck vfdhksks hitnrnsns. Iktfedns h an`hshvks nsounrzks sf`rhoh`ð

nd snökr Zhitk ni 67?0 f df `kisnù`hði ak tfi ndnvfak prkpðshtk, qun cnrn`hð df `kishanrf`hði h nstuahk an df prnisf, an dks gkcerns snrhks h and mkehnrik< h sh dfs `hr- ùis^hi`hfs akd Nrfrhk If`hkifd hhk euehnsnu shak nitðu`ns tfi fpurfafs, uhimuhh kestæùdk gferãf nitktpn`hak df rnfdhzf`hði an nsn fuafz prkyn`tk an tfitf uthdhafa, h qun rn`hehð nh pfhs `ki fpdfusks h `ki mrfthtua ansan nd prhckr histfitn ni qun ddnmð f snrdn `kik`hak*

Pkdk ni 67?0 puak fd`fizfr nd snökr Zhitk qun df dkh an 67?5 sn ddnvfsn f su tèiihhhV, prkùrfiak fsã f df if`hði uif ounitn snmurf an rhqunzf.

Y HM ‑ .

W_

Nd trfiquhdk mkehnrik and snökr Zhitk ni @ki`np`hði


15/30

W_HXf ni 67?7 sk dk korn`ãf df `frtnrf Bnd Hitnrhkr h and

Chihstnrhk an Lndf`hkins Nstnrhkrns< an`dhifiak nd snohkr

Zhitk nsn gkikr, ik pkr rfzkins an ihnzquhuafa k an nmkãsck h an dks `kcprkchsks qin puahnrf f`frrnfrdn su fdtfS):- sh`hkhD an Nstfak, shik pkr qun df shthcakhh h df èpkt


16/30

67

W_HHHH

NH Hg (dn snthncern an 67=6 sA‘ihf a shddði Puprnck nd f`tuhhh hBh-nshanutn snökr Nrræzirhz, f quhni mrfi pfrtn an df kphhuki chrfef `kck nd `khhthchfakr an df pkdãth`f akd snökr Onrkz< puns ndnvfak ni erfzks and pfrthak `dnrh`fd, hhô nrf afec nspnrfr ihimuif ikvnafa ni df rnokrcf an iunstrfs histhtu`hkins, 666 ni hhinstrfs præ`th`fs an fachihstrf`hði h an mkehnrik. ã nstk buh`hk sn okrihidfef, tnihniak ni ùnitf ui tfitk dks fitwnanit`s and dhkihgrn pòedh`k, h nspn`hfdcnitn nd `hhc`tnr hutrfhhshbnhhtn h dfs tniani`hfs and pfrthak qin `ki nd suDhf fd pkanr. ‘

, Z̀ QK kd thncpk h nd hcpudsk hrrnshsthdhdn and prkmrnsk hand pnrãnn`ãkifchnitk an dfs sk`hnafans ckanrifs kpnrfrkitfd `fcehk ni ãf cfr`gf an df fachihstrf`hði quk `ki`duyn q66? dfs 6 ôshstni`hfGb ans`kiohfizfs h tnckrns and prhcnr ahf sn anEnhhvundvni gkh ni ondh`htf`hkins h fpdfusks cnrn`haks pkr dfs `kiqhhDstfs an dhenrtfa fd`fizfafs, h hhkr `d Höni ik-shôv'k qun sn dhf gn`gk, Y

Ni nsfs prn`hksfs `kiquhstf.; h ni nd ehni q’n `kishm

ifcks dn gf `fehak tfcehèi uif eunif pfrtn fd snhdkr Zhitk`kck Chihstrk an Nstfak ù dks anpfrtfcnitks an întrf 6 Cfhcf f qin òhè ddfcfak ni dks ckcnitks an `kisthtuhrsn ni 67,6 nd mkehnrik and .snökr Nrræzirhz, h `kck nd `kkpnrfakr cfs `khhstfitk h `ndksk ni nd ckvhchnitk an df ik- dhi`f ni dks kd thcks `hi`k fohks.

Nsn kkhierfuknktk ddnvð fh pkanr uu gkcerk an phYkeh- afa 6 4dn gkirksks fitn`nanut`s, hhi pkdãth`k sfmfz ã ehni hitni`hkifak h hc pi`sthbãksk kernrk anh trfefbk.

Nd ãhutãvk Chuhãstrk nrf ehni rn`hehak pkr `d pfl h df `khhgfush qun sk anpkshtfef ni nd snökr Behhtk ãòè ehni prkitk bhusthi`faf, pkr kd ckvhchnitk qun supk hcprhchr f dks inmk`hks rndfthvks f su Anpfrtfcnitk.

F su hih`hfthvf h ahrn``hði sn aneni nspn`hfdcnitn2 thddnrã'o ‗ Y Y frcfs ni nd ùfrtnd an fr

Df `kistri``hki ak ak.s gnrcksks h ð̀ckak.; ùfrtndns

pfrf nd snrvh`hk an dks eftfddkins `ãvh`k.s an 7fuDÃfã9-k.o 6 6 6 Y—«tf`hki an ui iunvk ùnrpk an nahoh`hk ni nã ùfrtnd an df dãn`kdntf. '

_fdpPhhsk 7'öfrahf if`hkifd, qun sn dnvfitð ni


17/30

Nd nstfedn`hchnitk h ouiaf`hði akd ounrtn an dks Pfu- . `ns, ni df orkitnrf.

Df faquhsh`hði and cfmiãoh`k frcfcnitk `ki qun sn rnncpdfzð nd fithmuk n hisnrvhedn qun tnihf nd nbèr`htk.

Df rnau``hði, nki-shakrfedk and nbèr`htk, qun gf prkùrfak f df if`hði hib nitns sucfs an n`kikcãf.Df aktf`hði pfrf iunstrf cfrhif an dks okrchafedns

euquns an munrrf, qun ski kd rnspntk ak iunstrfs `kstfs h nd cnbkr efdufrtn an df ahYhhafa h an df gkirf if`hkifd.

Nd frrnmdk h cnbkrfchnitk an df nsùfarf.Q.f `rnf`hði an df koh`hif gharkmræoh`f, ùyks trfefbks

gfi shak nspãèfaãafckitk `krkifaks ni df òdthcf nspksh- `hku `hnitãoh`f ni Orfi`hf.

Df ahskdu`hði an dks nsùfarkinf, pfrf mfrfithr df dhern cfihonstf`hði and vktk pkpudfr.Df pnr`np`hði an df mrfthoh`f`hði pnrufif.Df pf`hoh`f`hði ak df orkitnrf< nd n.stfak odkrn`hnitn af

sus ounrtns h `huafans, h df trfiquhdhafa h euni ðrani qun ekã rnhifi ni tkak ,su tnrrhtkrhk, f ùyf skcerf sn ansfrrkddfi dks ehnins an su prkspnrhafa f`tufd h df nstfehdhafa an su hirdustrhf, an su `kcnr`hk h an su rhqunzf.

H chd ahspksh`hkins tnianitns fd cnbkr frrnmdk, ahs`hpdhif h ckrfdhafa an iunstrk nbèr`htk h cfrhif, qun skrhfbhkr ancfs niucnrfr.

Qkak nstk ghzk nd snökr Zhitk ni dkf trns föks qun shrvhð nd Chihstnrhk gfstf nd .60 an ferhd an dt!=w, ahf nu qun sn rnthrfef fd ans`fisk an df vhaf prhvfaf, `ki df mrftf sfthsof``hði qun anbf shncprn ni nd fdcf nd anenr ùcpdhak, h ni cnahk a`d rns¡)ntk h ak dfs `kishakrf`hkins qun Bn trheutfefi dks gkcerns an ehni. -

W H W

Ddnmf yf nd ckcnitk ni qun anen ikcerfrsn nd `huafafik (du` duã an su`nanr ni nd pkanr fd f`tufd Zrnshanitn an df dãnpòedh`f. ▪

Nd pfãs, quk aurfitn `hi`k fiks gf ahsorutfak an dks eninoh`hks an df pfz< (\un gf vhstk nisfi`gfrsn nd `fcpk an

sus dhenrtfans h .sncerfaf ni tkaf.s pfrtns df eunif snchddf an df f`thvhafa h and trfefbk prðspnrk t onùiak< qun sn mkzf ni dks fandfitks h prkmrnsks `kisucfaks h qun `kisthtuyni si mdkrhf pr`skhhtn< qin ùnitf `ki ii `rèahtk fustnrfcnitn skstnihak h `ku ndncnitks an rhqunzf h ak pkanr

- ‑ 68 ‑


18/30

hifmktfedns, Bnsnf fiunitncnitn cfitninrsn f df fdturf an tfi prn`hksfs `kiquhstfs, h afr ui pfsk cfs ni nd `fchik an su outurk nimrfian`hchnitk h an su trfsokrcf`hki pkdãth`f h sk`hfd*

Ckvhãdk pkr tfi ikedn fsphh'f`hki h ohnd hitèrprntn and snithchnitk if`hkifd, nd mrfi pfrthak an df Fdhfizf Dhenrfd ghzk ni `ã fik fitnrhkr uhh bninrksk ddfcfchnitk fd pftrhkthsck an dks euniks dubks an @ghdn pfrf qun, anpkihniak pnqunöfs ahvhshkins h fithmufs rni`hddfs nu frfs and ehni `kchc, sn `kisthtuynsni ni Fsfcednf, pfrf prk`nanr f df anshmif`hði and `huafafik qun anehf mufrafr nd anpðshtk sfmrfak, qun" df if`hði tniarhf qun `kiohfrdn nd 67 an snthncern an 6P;(9,

Nd pfhs ni cfsf sn `kickvhð fhnmrnhinitn h ak -tkafs dfs rnbhkins an su tnrrhtkrhk sfdhnrki kchsfrhks ahsthimuhaks pkr su hdhhsth‘f`hki, pkr su okrtuif ã pkr su vfdnr pnrskifd f tkcfr pfrtn ni tfi fumustf `kimrnmf`hði rnpuedh`fif. Nd 57 an ikvhncern ãuè nd ahf snöfdfak pfrf nsf anshmif`hði


19/30

nd punstk an gkikr f qun dk ddnvfræ ni ernvn df vkduitfa ifnhkifd.

Nd snökr Zhitk ns uif nspnrfizf an pfz h an sfdua pfrf df rnpòedh`f*

Nd pfãs nspnrf `ki skerfaks ckthvks nd ondhz pkrvnihr qun dn fmufraf< h ùyk favnihchnitk dn mfrfithzfi uif dfrmf vhaf pòedh`f shi rnprk`gn h ui `krfzði tncpdfak pfrf nd ehni. "

W W H 3

Fquã afcks tèrchik f dks fpuitns ehkmræoh`ks aèd nch

initn `huafafik qun iks kùpf, h qun iks ohf ah`tfak skdk nd snithchnitk h ãf `kivh``hði cfs anshitnrnsfaf h prkouiaf* îf pæbhif rnsnrvfcks ni edfi`k. Df ghstkrhf haks gn

`gks an dks fobks qun vniaræi sn ni`frmfræi an ddnifhdf `ki `frf`tnrns ak krk. '

Pnræ uif enddf ã gnrcksf pfbhif, nstfcks an nddk snmurks< pkrqun nsf pæbhif snræ nd ckiucnitk, qun df nsprnshki snithaf h ohnd and rn`kik`hchnitk ak ui ¡cnedk, mrfefræ ni gk

cnifbn an ui mrfi `huafafik qin, f su pfsk pkrY d̀ pkanr, gferæ anbfak ehnins an hcpnrn`nanrf cnckrhf h ndkùnitns nbncpdks qun hchtfr an prkehafa, an feinmf`hði, an pftrhkthsck ã an euni mkehnrik. -

Dks qun vhvfi dk vnræi* "

56

B k s è F m u s t ã i 5.º N s p hi k sf .

Fibndks, buihk 5: ndn 67=?.


20/30

ZUKMUFCFZkdãth`k an df Fdhfizf' Dhenrfd

6*"Y Ncfi`hpfr df `ki` hni` hf rndhbhk&f an df f``hði an dks pka nrns `hvhdns, ik puahniak df dnã pkinr df cfik skern nddf shik pfrf prktnbnrdf ni df dhenrtfa an sus cfihonstf`hkins.

5*— Efr ni `kisnùni`hf f dks Gkcerns an tkafs dfs `rnnhU-hfs, of`hdhafan s hmuf dns pfrf df dnbhthcf `kisthtu`hði an df ofchdhf, pfrf df na u

`f`hði a n s ò s ghbks h pfrf» bf gkirksf snpudtf`hði- an suæ rns tks ckrtfdns*

0*Y" Nisfi`gfr Nf nsonrf an f`` hði and hia hvhauk ã and pkanr dk` fd, dhchtfiak Ãf fà ki and mkehnr ik bnu`rfd and nstfak, h snpfrfiak an èd tkaf ofùdtfa qun ik in`nshtn pfrf su prkphf `kisnrvf`hði h pfrf nd dnbD thck nbnr`h`hk an sus ifturfdns oui`hkins*

1** Unokrcfr df mufrahf if`hkifd pfrf afrdn uif krmfi hzf`hði anck`ræth`f.

>,* .Cnbkrfr Bf dnã qun krmfihzf nd pkan r ndn`tkrfd , fprkvn`r¡fiak dfs hiah` f`hkins qun Bf nspnrhni`hf vfyf gf`hnhhaKb h prkùrfiak shnc prn afr f nstn prk`nanr Bf efsn cfs pkpudfr pkshedn*

? .— Unokrcfr dks hcp uns tks vh`hksks, H cfi tninr uif pruanitn n`ki kcãf nu `d cfinbk an dfs rnitfs pòedh`fs,

=** Gf`nr qun df futkrhafa okcnitn `ki nd cfykr nc pn ök df him- tru``hki pòedh`f, anbfiak feskdutf dhenrtfa n hia`pniani`ãf"f Bf hih`hfthvf hiah rhauf! pfrf kerfr ni n stn rfck*

7.* Unokrcfr df `kisthdu`hki pkdãth`f and nstfak, f ohi an pkinr ni præ`th`f dfs ak`trhifs cni`hkifafs*


21/30

@K IQNP QF@H K I YVuk æãð nd snökr aki Fiãefd Zhitk ni 57 an ikvhncern an

6P=> f df `kchshði qin oiè f pfrth`hpfrdn kd vktk an df@ k i v n i ` h ð i ,

Df ikth`hf @bui hin trfnh;!ns )f cfs fdefmôkthf qgô pi nB` hdirããM f ui dhkceh n. @ufhLÃk uif fsfcednf dftã iucnh ksf, `kcpunstf ndn hk hifs ahsîmuÃNhk pkb' su ãthhndhbnit hf ã su pksh`hði obhhn `kiônCn uif siatããdfa,anshmif f ut h hhkcern pfrf ansncpnöfr df prhricf cfbhstrfdurf and ns

tfak, ns` gkcern aa hk snithrsn ifturfdcnitn `kcpBfnãak h gfstf kr muddksk* ensmrfrhfafcnhhtKt f ksdk snithchnitk an sidhsrfn`hki vf hhhhããdf df `kbhshanrfaki an qun nd punstk pfrf nB ùfd cn gfeèhs ansHmrhfãBk, hcpkin anendns an îtf dnspkusfehhhafa qun ik ns pgshedn chrfbdk shi skernsfdtk*

Dfs `hrruiftNc`hfs pkrqun ftrfvhnsf n! pfhs gf`ni fui cfs ahoh`ht n! ùcpdhchnitk an nstks anenrns. Iunvfs hanfs, hckvfs fsphrf`hkins sn gf` ni snithr ni df sk` hnafa. Fafptfr iunstrfs dnyns h iunstrfs histhtu`hkins f dfs nhhbòh`ãfs aa thncpk< trftfr an rnf‘hzær fqunddfs rnokrcfs qun ski \f `khhsn`tihNhh hf \Kbh`f an Bks prhuaphks ni ùyk ikcern su geô Bf rnvn \\h @ÃKS \ an iunstrf hian pniani`hf, h qun ski fd chsck t hncpk df

ef sn an iunstrk an rn ah k pòedh`k< `kidhihhfr, ui uobf pfdferf, nu iòns trfs tny`s h `kstucerns pkohth`fs, df r`bìnrf`hki hih`hfaf pkr nh mkehnrik f`tufd,"snræ df chshði aa qun anef su`kanh ãk.

Ik sK »h dks pune dks rfthãh`fræi nB vktk qun f`fefhf an `kc uih`f rcn< pnrk snf ùfd ounrn nd ãusu dtf ak an hfs nd`àuhhks an bcak vnihanrkY vhvhrè shncprn rn`kik`hak f ãf ahsthi`hði `ku qin cn Bcenãs ãhkirfak, h shncprn ahspunstk frukpnrfr `ku ch mrfik rh` frnif f df dnfoÃNf`hki a`h prkmrfcf qun tkaks iksktrks gncks dãrcfak.

AHP@ÛPKZrkithi`hfak pkr nd fnökr aki Fiãefd Zhitk ni nd efiYftn

`ki qin nd punedk an @ki`np`hði dk kesnquhð ni 5_ an ninrk an 6P=7*

F ǹptk !f cfihonstf̀ hði k̀u qun cn gkiræhs ch nstn ckcnitk ni df okrcf ni qun cn gf shak ò̀ ah̀ uaf. Df f̀ nptk `kck uif ihfihdnsdfaki

an fchstfa h `kck uif ihfiãonstfatc pkdãth̀ f*Nddf, iks rn ùnrãdfY ni non t̀k, dus vdhb̀ udks an fchsdfa, qun dfrmfs h nstrǹ gfs rndfrhuthns okrcfrki nitrn ikskDrks h qun ik gf anehdhtfak cã snpfrf h̀ði an nstf prkvhi h̀f. Dn Bfs fr̀ hstfans qun* ni nb ùrsk an ch vhaf, qun yf vf shniak dfrmf, gn pkahak ou.'Ycfr, ks'punak fsnmurfr mun dks fchmks an @ki ǹp̀ hði k̀ upfræi shncprn ik tumfr prnonrnitn*

Nstf cfihonstf h̀ði cn rnùnraf tfkhehnu qun snmuhcks vhvhniak ni


22/30

>1

duibh@ãBhi uihafa an hanfs h sö hd h cãni tks pkd ãth`ks , qik cfr`gfcks sh- mhhhkohak shkcprk `! chsck rucek, rucek qun uks snöfdf df nstrnddf an Ããhãô.

Ansan a ahf shm uhn itn f df rnvkdu` hði qun iks gã/x) hianpnhãahnihnPh @ghdn ef vhvhak ni aks mr fians orf`nhkbhns pkdãth`fs< uif qun fsphrf f df

rnfdhzf`hky an Bks prãi4 hphks anck`ræth`ks, ni ùyk ikcern sn ghzk fqund mrfi ckv hchn itk< h ktrf qin, sh f`nptfef df rnpòedh`f , ik qunrãf rkcpnr `ki dfs trfah`hkins `kdkihfdns< df uif, df dhenrfd, qun öf rnprnsnitfak nd ckv hchnitk< !f ntrfb@d `kusnrvfakr, df rnshstni`hf f df s hiikvf`hkins.

Dfs `ki thniafs `hvhdns, dfs `kivnihni `hfs a nd ckc nitk , dfs fon``hkins pnrskthfh`s gfi pkahak hioduhr ni Bf okrcf`hði an dks pfrthais pkdãth`ks, unrk shncprn gf shak pkshedn ahsthimuhr ksf mrfi gi`f ahvhskrhf nitrn ks qun chrfi fd pkrvnihr h dks quk thnini sus kbks vundtks fB pfsfak*

Nsf ahvhshði öf tkcfak ni n¡ ckcnitk prnsnitn ui `fræ`tnr f`nitufak* Df `ôuskCaf`hki ônd ðr nu pòedh`k* nd prkmrnsk an df hdusdrfnhki, nd ònsfb rkddk an dfs hanfs, ã9nr uif pfrtn, hbbkr ktrf df trfisokrcf`hkV and pfrthak `kisn rvfakr h sus iunvfs ak`trhifs, tfi fehnrtf cnitn gksth- 2ns f dfã efsns ouiafcnitfdns ohn df sk`hnafa `hvhd., ak`trhifs qun thnianf f `kisthtuhr ui anspkt hsc k tnk`ræth`k quk ii sk gf vhãt k rnfdhzfak ih ni dks cfs ksùrks t hncpks an of nafa cnahf, gfi gn`gk ansfpfrn`nr hk0 pfrthaks pnrskifdns, Bks pfrthaks an k`fshði.Y n hcpudsfak f Bks gkcerns f fmrupfrsn nãh rnanakr an dfs aks îh`fs efianrfs qun ddfcnfi Akh aãf ni Bf frnif pudhdh`f, of efianrf dhenrf!, dfefirdnrf an thinsDrf mdkr hk sf rnvkdu `hði, h !f efianrf qun ddnvf ni sus pdhnm uns df hhnmf`dki an dks prhi`hphks an dhenrtfa h an hmufd afa, qun shrvni ãd ne fso hf df sk`hnafa ckanrif*

Df uihði an tkaks dks qun `kishanræriksdf prkspnrhafa an iunstrf pfY trhf hithcfcni tn dhmfaf f bfs hushãhu `ãki ns anck`r æth`fs, 1hk gf shak iui`f tfi in`nsfrhf `chw ni nd BhBkcnthãk \hrnsnitn* Pã dks fthdãmuus `kisnrvfakrns rnshstãfi f \fs rnokrcfs qun nd pfrthak dhenrfd nxhbhf, nrf pu- rfckitk pkrqun `rnãfi qun iunstrk pfãs ik nstfef prnpfrfak pfrf nddfs ã tncãfi qun, pdfitnfafs prncf hhhrfc nitn, puahnrfi `kcp` kihkt`r nd òrani pòedh`k. Dhenrfdns ã `kisnrvfa krns ksdfefi an fùnrak ni tkak dk qun sn rnonrhf f hfs efsns ouchfcìtfdns an df sk` hnafa `hvhd< h skdk ahsni dhfi ni df ùnsthði an k\)krtuhhhafa ¡hn `hnrtfs rnokrcfs.

Fgkrf s n ihn mf df sohenrfhhãf if`hkifd h sn prntnia n qun ahsohk.sh`hkins

ah`tfafs pkr fitkrh.df dns `kisthtuhafs ounrf an iunstrk pfhs anen i tninr ounrzf an dnã nitrn ikskdrks< sn ihnmf nd anrn`gk an df if`hði pfrf skcn tnr f tkaks sus rhiaf dfiks f uif chscf H`h, h sn prntnian qun gfh `hfsn an `huafafiks qun , pkr rfzði an su chihsr`rhk k pkr rfzði a n s ò s `rnn i`hfs, an eni tninr uãhf shtuf`hði prhvhdnbhfaf ni df .su`hnafa. Zfrf dks fithmuks `khtsnrvfrdkrns ãhfehf skdk uif rnvndf`hði, Bf BtãBhbãki< pfrf !ks `kisn rvfak rns an iunstrk ^ncpk gfh aks, uif rntãbhksf h ktrf pkdh- dh`f* Gumui nstf òdthcf. Ahks thnin ahspuns tk quhnins aneni mkenr ifriks, Bf okrcf ni qun aneni gf`nrdk, h ns hiòthd qun df su`hnafa sn k` upn ni afrsn eunifs dnynæ h ni anshmifr sus mken rifi tns. ▪

Ns prn`hsk gfùr fd fithmuk pfrthak `kisnrvfakr ãf busth`hf an qunY sh

sus prkgkcerns guehnrfi pkahak Bnvfhhdfr Bf dkzf qun dns ùthrè, gfeifi vnihak fd cui ak f prktnstfr `kitrf dfs nstrfohfs ak`trhifs an Bks qun, ni kd ahf, tãrntniani rnprnsnitfr df Hrfaãàki `kisnrvfakrf.

Ni nd dfrmk aneftn qun df hanf dhenrfd ã anck`ræt h`f gf sk stn iha k ni @ehdn `kitrf Bfs trfah`hkins an df `kdkihf, @ki`np`hði, shncprn Ô0df df prhcnrf, gf chdh dfak vh mk rk sfcni tn ni Bfs V!fs cfs fvfizfafs. Ni @ki`np `hði sn vhvn f df vãstf an shthks qun rnùnra fi Bf enrk ã`f Bu`gf qun


23/30

5>

iunstrks fitnpfsfaks sksDuvhnrki pfrf ouiafr df rnpòedh`f< h ii snræ nstf Bf \hrkvhi`hf akian rniùnitrn anonisk rns n! iunvk `kdkihfbn, q u n -s n trfãf an hcpkinriks.

F`nptfa, snökrns, ch cuã shi`nrk fmrfan`hc hnitk pkr nstf iunvf prunef an eninv kdni` hf `ki qin cn dhfenhs gkc fak < h f`ôc\)fohfacn

f enenr uif `kpf, ni prhcnr dumfr, pkr of rnpòedh`f, pkr nd mke hnrik qun if`n an df sk`hnafa chscf h ik ns hcp uns tk fd punedk ni ikcern an fomuãh prntniahak anrn`gk ahvhik< h ni snmuiak dumfr, pkr !f rnokrcf an dfs dnyns qun ski ui kestæùdk pfrf qun !f hmufdafa `hvhd, nsf hmufdafa prn`kihzfaf ef`n ahnz h iunvn shm dks pkr nd ouiafakr an iunstrf rndãbhki, snf uif rnfdhafa nk @ghdn.

AHP@ÛPKZrkiui`hfak ni nd efiquntn afak ni @ghddfi nd 65 an onernrkan 67=?.

Qfh ahf `kc k nd an ekã, gf`n `hiùnitf h i unvn fohks, df vfi muf rahf a`d nbèr`htk fdhfak `gãBkik-frbnithik fd cfiak and vft ãkidn K‘Ghm- mãt hs, ketniãf ni @ef`feu`k df mrfi vh`tkrhf qun an`hahð iu`mãrf hianpniani`hf* F df ftrnvhaf hisphrf`hði an ui ghbk ak @ghddfi anen @ghdn h df Fcèrh`f uif an dfs cfs m dkr hksfs pfbhifs an su ghstkr hf ih he dfr. û rnùn rak, snökrns, f Pfi Cfrthi, : ‘dh hm m hi s hf sus gnrkh`ks `kc pfön- iks< f su feinmf`hðiY f sus ofthmfs, anen iunstrf pftrhf nd prhcnrk an dks ehnhons qun ui punedk punan fpntn`nr* su hianpniani`hf.

Znrk nd ckvhchnidk an 676: ik tnihf pkr òih`k kebntk rkcpnrdfs `fa nifs qun iks dhmfefi f df Nspföf, shik tfcehèi `kisthtuhr ui mk- Dhnruk ouiafak ni dks prhi`hphks qun df rfzði ncfi`hpfaf gfeãf rnvndfak fd cuiak*

F'dobf\dfs hfs frcfs nspfökdfs, ouè in`nsfrhk ncprnianr iif iunvf `fcpföf `kitrf df hitkdnrfi`hf ã dfs prnknupf` hkins qun iks dnmfrki trns shmdks an anspkthsck pkdãth`k h rnhobhksk.

Qkaf okrcf an mkehnrcb sn gfddf ns trn `gf cn itn uihaf f ui ðrani

an han fs h an snidhch nidks< h sã ouè pkshedn an`rntfr df rnpòedh`f, if dk ouè an`rntfr !f trfsokrcfaku an! ckak an snr ãidndn`tufd h ckrfd an ui punedk, qun Bf hiquhsh`hði dhfehf nau`fak pfrf Bf ckifrquãf feskdutf. Nitrn df rnpòedh `f h dff hanfs h sni thc hni tks and pune dk ni qun fqunddf anehf ouiafrsn gfehfui fitfmkihsck rfah`fd< ã nrf in`nshafa k qun df rnpòedh`f sn skernpushnsn hcpkihniak hfs hanfs qun dn shrvni an ftifòsonrf, k qun nd rèbhcnu `kdkihfd sn rnstfedn`hnsn, sh ik ni su okrcf fithmuf, fd cnik s ni df qun nisfyfrki ni Cèbh`k Cfxhchdhfik, Fdckidn h Dfefstãaf* '

Df gh`ãhf an dfs hanfs rnpuedh`fifs `kitrf df hitkdnrfi`hf h prn kùpf`h kins qun iks dnmð df `kdkihf gf shak dfrmf, pnrk ik cè iks ondhz qun

df qun skstuvhnr ki ni dks `fcp ks an eftfddf dks enrðh`ks `fc pnk ins an Aunftrf hianp niani` hf, YFd `kitncpdfr dk qun `krrn ni nstn ckcni tk ni @ghdn, pkan ck s yf

`fitfr nstf iunvf vh`ghrhf. Nd fpfrn` hch nidk ni df ns `n if pkdhth`f an ui )frthak qun prntnian susthtuhr nd anrn`gk ahvhik f df skenrfiãf if`hkifd, ksp rhvhdn bhôs sk`hfdn s f df hmufdaf a fitn df dnã, df uihði okrzfaf f df dh

enrtfa an `rnni`hfs, dhf ek`gk qun tkak nd cuuak sn pkimf an phè h


24/30

f`uaf prksuh ksô fhdYhonirBnr dks prãbh`ãphkm qun shrvni an efsn f! rèbh hh h`i r̀ S)uedh 2̀fStã9. Dks dnvhtfs a`d rtunvk ãsrfno , Dfi hitk d`rfidks h ãæiftD nks `khohk dks anB fithmuk , angnhh nstfr yf pnrs ufahaks an! nrtmfhhk qu n shhorhnrôoS hu`yk hak nd ckcnitk kpkh tuik pfrf rnfdhzfr ni @ghdn sus ni- sunohks an akchtbf`hkht-

Pn gf pr`dniahak ansifturfdãôfr df du`gf o\un skstnincks ni a`ãni- sf an df sk`hn afa `hvhd h afrdn ui `frærhnr dhn p`rsn h̀S4'ãkrh rngb hksf. Cfihkerf pkdãt h`f h cfhbãkerf an cfdf dnã, quãY \kf chihstrks an Bf r`dh bhki anehnrfi snr dks prhcnrks ni `kcefthr. Dk ghræi, nstðh sn mc k . uif vnh qun sn pnrsufafi an dks pndhmr ks f qun ns pkini dks sfmr faks hitn tns ns qun sn ons gfi `kiohfakY pkihè iakdk s fã sn rvh`hk an tc pfã tha ksh i pkrvnihr , an ui pfrthak qun, ni @ghdn `krik ni nd rnstk and cuia k, gf shak yfsk hdfdfa ô pkr nd anak and an st hi f ,

Df chshði aãb df rn'hbhki, su chsc k ikc er n dk hiah`f, nf uihr f dkf -gkcerns , ik ahvha hrdks


25/30

0=

Fmrfanz`k dks dèrcãiks, tfi gôikiohrks pfrf cã, quk sn gfi ncpdnfak ft anrdh`frcn nstk efhhqunhn `ki qun nd anpfh Dfcnitn anB Dfbf g2h qunrhak afr df ehnrãvnihaf f uik an sus fithmuks vn`hiks. Nu dfs pfdferfs vnrthafs pkr co ni @ki`np`hði h @dhhddfi h f dfs qun s n ef gn`gk rnonrni` hf, cn prkpusn nsprnsf r `ki shi`nrhafa h orfiqunzf dks prhi`hphks qun ahvhani f dks aks pfrthaks pkdãd h`ks qun sn ahsputfi nd trhuiok ni oh prnsnitn `kithniaf. Ni dfs `hrùistfi`hfs pkrqun fhrfvh`rf nd pfhs, dks pfrthaks pkdãth`k s h hks gkcerns qun ohmurfi ni nddksY aneni gfedfr `ku

orfiqunzf, ans pdnmfr ikedn h dhern cnit n su efianrf pfrf qun nd pune dk, `ki `kuô`hbuhniDk an `fusf, shmf fqund df ni qun vn cnbkr rnpr nsnitfaks dns prhi`hphks qun fsnmhhrnrrsu dhinrdfa h su ehninstfr,

Ik anen fpdh`frsn f df pkdãth`f an iunstrks ahfs dk qun sn gf ah`gk an df odhpdkcfrhf an ktrks thncpks, qin ks nd frtn an! nimfök* Ni pkdãth`f, `kck ni dfs rndf`hkins krahifrhfs an hf vhaf, nd cnbkr ckak an nitni+ aqrsn ks gfe'fr `dfrk ã `kionsfr `ki sãth`nrhafa iuksDrks prkpðshtks.

Ik sè sh cn nimfök fd hit`N-prntfr dks sni thchnitks qun ks gfi rnuihak fd rnanakS' ak nstf cnsf< pnrk `rnk qun fd afr df Dãniv`ãhhaf fd fithmuk fchmk , fd fithmuk vn`hik an nstn anpfrdfcnbhtk, gfeèhs qunrhak tfcehèi cfhhhrnstfr qin ni dfs `hr`hhisd.fi`hfs pkr qun. ftrfvhnsf nd pfhs, nstæhs fihcfhhk and chsck nspãrhtu dhenrfd, and chsck fihhòk pkr m H prkmrn sk an iunstrfs histhtu`hkin s, qun fbhtf f dks gkc erns hdustrfhdks h pfthintfs an dfs ancfs prkvhi`hfs*

Ik kestf tfitk fd prkmrnsk an dfs hisdãturhkinf df rnshstni`hf qun kpkini dks gæehtks rn`he haks \ dks hitnrnsns vhiùdfak s fh òranrh Dvhstnrhtn, ùfitk \f ofdtf an uihafa ni dk.s prkpðshtk s h ni df f``hði an dks pfrthaks h an dks hiahvhauks qun fsphrfi f su rnokrcf. Phi dfs ahv hs hkins qun dfs pfshkins pnhs kifhns gfi cfhhtnuãak èitr ndks gkc erns an hanfs dhenrfks, iunstrfs hisdãtu` hkins sn ni`kãhtrfrhfi ni nh aãf dhcphfs an dk se k -

rrkups qun dks fonfi, h q)S` sueshstni nu nddfs pfrf ftnsthmufr qun ouhcks

ni ui thncpk `kdkihf an Nspföf an Ondhpn HH.Zka nck s an`hrBi `ki krmuddk2 dks snsni tf h tfitks föks qin ddnvfcks ak vhaf hianpni ahni tn ik gfi shak ist`rããns pfrf nd prkmrn sk an dfs hanfs< h sh iunshrfs histhtu`hkins ik mufrafi `kiskifi`hf `ku nd fandfitk hitndn`tufd and pfãs, nstk ns anehak cfs f hf ansu ihði qun gn hiah`fak qun f df mfstfaf ounrzf an dks ndncnitks qun rnsãstnhu

Df rnshstni`hf snrhf hcpktnitn fitn df uihði an tkaks dks gkcerns an hanfs h skidhch` itks dãenrfhns, fitn hf uihði an tkak.s dks gkce rns qun kf @ghdn fsphrfi f `kushhãthãr uif sk`hnafa `hvhd ãianpniahnidnb dhern an ehiunhh`hfs sn`tfrhfs, hisphrfaf òih`fcnitn pkr df `hn mf busth`hf< uif sk`hnafa ni df qun du qun gfh an cfs hithck, cf s dhern, cfs sfmrfak

ni nd gkcern, df ̀ rnni `hf rnããbhksf, ik snf ckthvk , ni !f rkpf rthaku an Bks ehnins sk`hfdns, pfrf ofvkrn`nr f uiks h ansgnrnafr f ktrks*Nsf uihði qun iks afræ dfs rnokrcfs ansthifafs f pkinr iunstrk a n

rn`g k pòedh`k ni `kiskifi`hf `ki dfs nx hbn ia fs an) thncpk ni qun vhvhcks, æu tãf rnfdhzfa k fS oc nu @ghdn< h ns ckt hvk an `kcpdf`ni` hf pfrf fqund dks qun chrfi `ku ãitnrns nd prkmrnsk an iunstrf pftrhf, vnr rn uihaks nu ui ch sc k `fcpfcnitk f tkaks Bks gkcer ns qun gfth faquhrã-

AHP@ÛPK

prkitti`ãfak ni nd efi qu ntn afak ni dks Fibnhns nd 5? an

onernrk an 67=?,


26/30

‑ 57 ‑

ak ui ikcern pkr dks snrvh`hks prnstfaks f df `fus f an dfs eunifs hanfs.

îf `kpf , snökrns , pkr df uihði an tkaks dks gkc erns ak prkmrn sk h an dhenrtfa, h ni nspn`hf d pkr hks bn on s an dfs orf``hkins an Bf kphihkk dhenrfd qun, anpki hniak rnsn ithch nitks pfsfaks h nsù`hofiak skhk

vkz and pftrhk^shuk, gfi `kisnmuhak rnfdhzfr nsf uihði.

AHP@ÛPKprkiui`hfak ni Fimkd ni nd efiquntn afak nd 58 an onernrk

a n 67=?*

Ch prhcnrf pfdferf f` ræ `d trheutk an ch rn`kik` hchn itk pkr df eni èvkdf f`kbtaf qun cn ahspnisæhs ni nstf k`ftãki, h ùyks rnùnraks snhæi shncprn pfrf ch hikdvhafedns h pdf`nitnrks.

Ni rnuihkins fiædkmfs f df prnsnitn, dhn tnihak qun rniahr, gf`n pk`k, chsgkc`rf¡ns f df pkdãth`f qun, ni dks cickcks qun ftrfvnsfcks, prnkùpf ns`dushvfcnidn dks æihcks. Df `hrùistfirhf an rnikvfrsn ni ns tn fök tkaks dks pkanrns pòedh`ks h df trfs`niani`hf an dfs ù`st hkuns qun sn aneftni nitrn dks buhrdhaks ni qun sn ahvhan df kpãiãki, nsphh`fu nd Ãitnrns qun df pkdãth`f ansphnrtf ã nd sfduafedn ckv hcã nidk qun `f- rf`dnrhzf df shtuf`hði prnsnitn an! pfhs.

Znrk ùfiak uik ddnmf f df orkitnrf vhnini f df cnckrhf ktrks hitn* rns ns, ik cnik s hcpkrtfitns h vfdhksks. Ik gf`n cu`gk thncp k, prn` h- sfrfn itn fitns an qun sn ãhbfsn Hi iunvf dãhhkf, tuvn kpkrtthihafa an rn`krrnr f `fefddk pfrtn an hks `fc pks qun gn ftrfvnsfak gkh ni onrrk`frrhd< h gf shak pfrf cã ui ckthvk an fmrfafedn skr prnsf vnr trfsokr- rffaks dks anshnrtks an fynr ni ùdthvfafs `fcphöfs h ni ohkrn`ãnitns `huafans* Df avãdhz f`hk i, `ki su ounrzf hrrnshsthkon, gf gn`gk rntrk`nanr dfs guns tns frfu`fifs< h sh sk gf antn ihak skern hfs rhenrfs and Cfddn`k gf shak, dk nspn rk, pkr ui `krtk thncpk, pfrf `kithiufr gæ`hf nd sur su cfr`gf trhuiofitn*

Znrk df `hvhdhzf`hði skdk gf pkahak ddnmfr gfsts nh shdãk ni qun iks

ni`kitrfcks, prn`nahaf pkr iunstrk nbèr`htk< h ik sn punan `kidncpdfr df trfãokh cf`hki an nstkf `fc pks, shi rn`krafr ofs ofthmfs h pnif dhafans qun nd fandfitk an df dãinf an orkitnrf gf `ks tfak f hcnsh rks vf- Bhnidns sk dafaks.

Df prkspnrhafa an dfQrkitnrfnstæ tfi ãithcfcnitn uihaf f df ckrfdhafa, ahs`hpdhif h aniu nak `ki qun iunstrfs trk\hfs ùcpdn i sus a ne nrns, qun QHK ns pkshedn gf`nr vktks pkr nd prkmrnsk an fqunddf shi `kcprnianr tfcehèi ni nd dks fd nbèr`htk* F èd anen df orkitnrf df trfiquhdhafa an sus gfehtfitns h df snmurhafa an sus vfdhksks hitnrnsns*

F`kcpföfacn, snökrns, f enenr nstf `kpf pkr df prkspnrhafa an df

orkitnrf< h pkr qun iunstrks vfdhnitns chdhtfrks, hisphræiaksn ni dks mdkrhksks nbncpdks an hks qun dns gfi prn`nahak ni df ikedn `frrnrf an dfs frcfs, shmfi afiak ahfs an mdkrhf f df pftrhf h cfr`gfiak f df vf imufrahf an df `hvhdhzf`hði ni su `fcpföf `kitrf df efrefrhn*


27/30

58

AHP@ÛPK

th`f dhenrfd ns df hhiã`f `kihpf tdedn `ki hff nx ãb ki af sa n ôhf sk` hnafa an gkc erns dherns, ns df òhhh`f qun, ouiafaf ni prhi`hphks an dhenrtfa ã an

bus th`hf, punan fsnmurfr ãf trfiquh dhafa an hks nsdfaks, h ãhifdrièrhtn, qun 06 nstks tãtudks ik efstfrfi pfrf busthoã`frof, efstfrãf th gn`gk a n q u n nddf sn hcpk in f dks chscks mke hnri ks `rnfaks pfrf `kcefthrdfs.

Pnf pkrqun nd pfhs ik ns tuv hns n prnpfrfak pfrf fdmu ifs an Bfs rnokrcfs rnfdhzfafs æit`s ak 67>:, snf pkr ktrfs `fusfs qun snrhf dfrmk ks- pnrhãb`fr ni nstn ckcãogtk, `d gn`gk ns ¡du` n! mk ehn rik `kist htu hak ni

nsn fök, anehð su if`hchnitk fui ckvhchnitk an rnf``hði h sus prhcnrks pfsk*Y kenan`hnrki ud hcpudsk qun dk gfeãf `rnfak.

Lsk chsck mkehnrik, shi ncefr mk, sk vhð fd rfek ai cu`gk thncpk, kedhmfak f snr hiohnd f dfs hanfs and nx`dushvhsck h aô hitkhkrfk`ãfni qun gfeÃNh thfaãtk ni vundtk.

NB pnrchsk `ki`n`dhrbk f hks aãshanit`f pfrf nd nbnr` h`hk an su ùdtk h ktrfs cnahafs an nsf ifturfonzf, ski uif prunef an qun nsn mke hnri k, pk`ks fhhks `dnfpiks an ksdfeh``hak, `kcprniahð df hcpkshehdhafa an mk- enibfr ni `kbhourchafa f ãus prhi`hphks qun sk ãhfehfi hiah`fak pfrf n stfedn`nrdk*

Ans puns ak 67>D skok`fak nd ckvhchnitk rnvkdu`hkifr hk qun nstfd dð

ni nsn fök, Bhuek ni dfs ns onrfs muenrif thvfs iunvfs vndnhafans an rnf``hði qun, pkr okrtuif, ik aurfrki cu`gk thncpk. Pn quhsk gf`nr f nsf rnvkdu`hði skdhafrhf an dks trfstkriks ni Nurkpf ̂ `kck ni `! vhnbk cuiak, uk sn nu`kQarfr ktrk cnahk an sfdvfr Bf sk`hnafa qun fpkyð nd trkik skern nd fdtfr h pkinr df buvnitua ni dfs ofdafs ak df hmd nshf.

Nd mkehn rik an Ã7> o, `kc k nh a n 670:, `kcprn iahð prkitk quk krf hcpkshedn sfthsof`nr hfs kFhbni`hfs an df rnf``hði h, ancfshfak tfran pkr an sm rf af , aãð ktrf ahrn``hði f su pkdãth`f* '

Fsã ni iunstrf ghstkrhf, tks mkehnriks, qun pkr arùisdfiafs nspn`hfdns gfi h`ãbãan k! prkpðshtk an sn mu hr uif pkg ô`f rkfÒãkifrhf, gff

`kcphni ata ô fã `fek an pk`k tdnc\9u qun nsf pkdãth`f nrf hcp kshedn , ã, if`ha ks pfrf of rnf``hði, gfi, tnihak qun snr dns hiohndns*Dks nisf yks an pkdãth`fs rnf``hkifrhfs q u n s k gfi gn`gk ni ktrks

pf ãs ns gfi tnihak df chs cf sunrtn quk ki @gãon* Dks mkehn riks qun df C i nisfyfak gfi hnihak qun fefiakifrdf `kck dk gf gn`gk `d mfe hintn qun dhbn ni df f`dufd ãafa dks ans thiks an df Uèdbhh f, k gfi suùcehak sh, `kck nd an Hsfend HHb sn dhfi ni`fprh`gfak ni skrNninrdf,


28/30

Xf fun gk gfedfak hdn Eèdbh`f, ks h̀tfhè ui gn`gk cuh shmiV`fdhvk kùrrhak hdhdhcfcði tn ni nsn pfãs quk, `kck sfekhs, ks mkgnrhhfh.dk pkr ui chihstrk udtrfckitfik, dãi uif vhshtf qun uiks pnrkmiius endmfs gh̀ hnrki fd Zfif, èstn dks ih bk2 }Cedfa, pnaha qun æsf`rcic^k a a c f

trhckihk ph-nòaf fã `kitrnttk `huhD Tundtksf sk pfãs dks pnrnmrhiks,

krnsnhhsfrki f dfs `æcfrfs uif skdh̀ htua phhdhnhhhdk dk qun nd Zfpf dns gf- eã̀ h f̀ kisnbfak h k̀i dfiak hhfturfdckhtdn k̀i ôd fpkyk akd \ãhhcstM̀DK. ohrfian oun su skrprnsf ùfiak, ddnmfak nd `fsk, nd chihstnrhk sn kpusk h aǹ dfrð pkr nd ðrmfik an uik an .sus chncerks2 q c a nstfak skkhfh f` tufd thnin fda ch`ns tfi prkouiafs qTho ik fs r i s C n c c f i a k sn `fcehfræ, h q u f c v n hf pks hehgafaanhfd`fcÆBhK c t̀wni fdpuiks shqhks. . .....................

Fqunddks qun ù @ghdn prntnianhh trfstkrifr iunstrfs csthtu h̀kinsrntceddrfifs h anck̀ ræth`fs pfrf rǹ cpdfxfrdfs pkr ui `kdkihfbn tfk̀ rf-th`k k̀rrni trfs uif hdushði h sh trhuiofsni 9̂iarhfi, ni @gt


29/30

06

ãhbhtrn 6ô nsphrhtufd h hi tnc pkrfd , sn dhfu pnrpnt ufak fh trfvks an dks shmdks< prãvhhnbãks ùyi if`hchnidk h ansfrrkddk iks rkãhnrn df ghstkrhf, h quk fdhkrf prntniak gf`nr pfsfr `kck an hisdhtuaku ahvhif.

Nitrn dks ksDrfvãks and nspãrhtu gucfik i hi muik , tfi anpdkrfe dn `kck kd fgusk an gf`nr hitkrvkihr f Ahkski fpkyk an cuiafiks h cnzquhiks Hid@Bnsks. Qkafs dfs ^rfihfs, tuafs dfs bbobusth`ãfs sk `h hã ns, dfs

ckifrquãfs fPhskdutfs `kck df ns`dfvfdhh h f, gfi ph kdni Ôodk sh nc pr n bus- Dhôrfrsn `ki supunst fs ahspksh` hkin s ahvhifs, Ondhzcnitn ni n sdn stmãk an dhern ahsùshði, nsn bèinrk anfrmu cni Dks gf pnrahak su Qunrzf,

Dfs rnokrcfs qun `kith nik nd prkmrfcf qun gncks ohrcfak ik ski uif ikvnafa ni nd cuiak, ski gn`gks nstfedn `haks, `ki cuh pk`fs ns`npã-hkins, ni dkaks dks punedks `hvhdhzfaks.

Nsfs rnokrcfs ik ski tfcpk`k , `kck sn gf prntniahak , df `fprh pks f nxhbni`hf an ui rfah`fotsck pnrsnmuhakr, shik df th fiquhdf fsphrf`hði and pfd rh ktf qun ansnf vnr dfs hhLsthdurhkikf an su pfhs ou cãf afs ni dkhY prhi`hp hks qun df rfzði h df ksp`rhn i`ãf gfi `ki sfmrfa k, df efsn vnrafanrf an df prkspnrhafa an dks nstfaks.

Nsfs rnokrcfs afræi frckiãf f dks hidkrnmns, sfthsofræi ãnbhdhcfs nxh,¡ni`ãfs, afhæi cfs skdh anz fd ðrani pòedh`k, rnskdv hniak ùn sthkins qun a`Ghdn thnc pk ftrfs, thnini ahvhahaks dks æihcks , ihimòi nspãrh tu sfifcnigY, `kis nrvfakr punan chrfrdfs `ku ans`kiohfizf.

Nddfs ski df `kisnùni`hf dæbh`f an dks prhi`hphks ouiafcèidDhdns an iunstrk rðbãcni pkdãth`k. F``ptfhdf df skenrfiãf anS punedk, df hmufdafa fitn df dnã h df dhenrtfa pfrf nd nbnr`h `hk an iunstrks anrn`gks , `kck efsns pfrf nd mke hnr ik an fif sk` hna fa , nd Hrfcr an hcpna hr nd ansfrrkddk annsfs phhrh`hphks ns cfitninr ni df sk`hnafa uif fbhhf`hki hiòthd. Nddfs ik ddnmfræi oftfdcnitn f su tèrchik, vni`hniak tkaks dks kestæù

dks qun ncefrf`ni su cfr`gf.Ik ns pkshedn nspnrfr `ki`hdhf`hði nitrk dks prhi`hphks qun sn `k itrfah`ni< ik ks pkshedn f df _nz sks tninr df skenrfiãf anã phh`kdn h df ofùdtfa an ah`tfriks dnyns, kt krmfaf pkr nd anrn`gk ahvhik f futkrhafans nst!föfs< uô ns pkshedn skstninr df futkikcãf and oG.anr `dvtS h anspkbfrdk fd chsck thnc\c an su hiû vni`hði, nhh hks f`tks cfs hcpkh tfitks an df _haf `hvhd ai! hiahvhauk h an df ofchdhf< ik ns pkshedn f` nptfrdf hmu fdafa f


30/30

-

ZUKKDFCF@HKL

dduehtcdk shhdh) prk`dhhcfak nd snohkh‘ aki Fiãefd Zhitk t.‗(bbik prnshanitn nkisthtu`hkhhfd pfrf nd pnrãkak an 67=?‑ 6776 pkr nd @kimrnsk If`hkifd, `ki on`gf 0: an Fmkstk and \9rnskitn fök, nd Mkehnrik gf nspkahak nd an`rntk r\un `k

phfcks f `kithiuf`hði, kranifiak qun df ndn``hði an ah`gk -dnrhkr Q*hitk snf puedh`faf pkr efiak.

dhn fquã nd an`rntk an qun gf`ncks cni`hði2

C h c .s t n g h h ) ã b n d H x Q h ã i h k i ,

Ptt/ôfc. Bcãtk 0: an HP'rf.

Zkr ìfitk nd @kimrnsk If`hkifd, rnuihak nu snshði skdncin nd ahf an gkh, gf prk`dfcfak, ni `kiokrchafa f dk ahspunstk ni nd frthùdk ?7 an df @kisthtu`hði, Zrnshanitn an df Unpòedh`f pfrf nd prðxhck pnrãkak `kisthtu`hkifd, fd `huafafik aki Fiãefd Zhitk, `d`bhak pkr uifihchafa an vktks an dks @ôdnbhks ndn`tkrfdns<

Zkr tfitk, kranik h cfiak qun sn puedhqun pkr efiak

df prk`dfcf`hði gn`gf pkr nd @kimrnsk ni tkafs dfs `fen`nrfs an anpfrtfcnitk, .

Fiðtnsn h `kcuihqi`.s`.

NU UÆ R ^ UHR.

N. Ft.Q .FãChUFIK.

Pinto Apuntes Biograficos.

Documents

Transcript of Pinto Apuntes Biograficos.