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Transcript of pares craneales
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•Nervios periféricos. Cada nervio tiene sus funciones
motoras o sensitivas.
•4 pares craneales tienen funciones parasimpáticas.
•Son nervios que están comunicación con el encéfalo y
atraviesan los orificios de la base del cráneo con la
finalidad de inervar diferentes estructuras, no solo de
cabeza y cuello sino de todos los órganos.
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Motor Ocular
Común (III)
Facial (VII)
Glosofaríngeo (IX)
Vago (X)
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Los pares craneales desde el II hasta el XII se analizaran de forma habitual; sin embargo el gusto y el olfato no se analizan al menos que
se detecte alguna alteración.
LOS HALLAZGOS INESPERADOS INDICAN
TRAUMATISMO O LESION EN EL HEMISFERIO
CEREBRAL O UNA LESION LOCAL DEL NERVIO.
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I. NERVIO OLFATORIO:
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II. NERVIO ÓPTICO:
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•1mer segmento: intraocular. Los
axones de las células ganglionares
de la retina convergen en la papila
óptica: desde allí, el nervio perfora
las capas superficiales del ojo
(esclerótica y coroides ) en un sitio
llamado zona cribosa.
•2do segmento: intra orvitario.
•En este segmento el nervio se
relaciona por arriba con la arteria
oftálmica y por fuera con el ganglio
oftálmico.
•.
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Se utilizan 9 letras que
son: C, D, E, F, L, O, P, T
y la Z.
2/10
20/20.
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Se trata primero ver el "rojo del ojo" que es el reflejo de la luz
en la retina. Luego se enfoca la retina y se van identificando
las estructuras que interesan, partiendo por el nervio óptico..
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III. Nervio Motor Ocular Común:
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•Rama terminal superior:
Inerva al músculo recto
superior del ojo y al
elevador del párpado
superior.
•Rama terminal inferior:
inerva al recto interno, al
oblicuo menor y al recto
inferior.
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IV. NERVIO patético o troclear :
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VI. NERVIO Motor ocular externo o
abducens
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Inerva al elevador del párpado superior,
músculo recto medial o interno, recto superior,
recto inferior y oblicuo inferior.
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NERVIO PATETICO: Movimiento del
ojo hacia adentro y afuera.
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NERVIO TRIGEMINO (V):
Motora (abertura y cierre de la
mandíbula en la masticación).
Sensitiva (sensibilidad de la
cornea, iris, glándulas
lagrimales, conjuntiva, parpados, frente
, nariz, mucosas nasal y
bucal, dientes, lengua, oídos y piel de
la cara).
Origen real
Origen sensitivo: ganglio de Gasser
Origen motor: nacen de dos núcleos:
a) Núcleo principal o masticador: Esta situado en
la calota de la protuberancia anular
b) Núcleo accesorio: Esta situado por encima del
precedente, en el mesencéfalo (pedúnculos
cerebrales).
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lleva información sensorial del cuero
cabelludo y frente, párpado superior, la
cornea, la nariz, la mucosa nasal, los senos
frontales y partes de las meninges.
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lleva información sobre
el párpado inferior y la
mejilla, la nariz, el labio
superior, los dientes
superiores, la mucosa
nasal, el paladar y el
techo de la faringe, los
senos maxilar etmoidal
y esfenoidal.
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lleva información del labio inferior, dientes
inferiores, barbilla, de dolor y temperatura
de la boca. No lleva sensación gustativa
pero una de sus ramas, la lingual lleva
múltiples tipos de fibras nerviosas que no
se originan en el mandibular.
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El TONO MUSCULAR SOBRE LA CARA DEBE SER SIMETRICO, SIN
FASCICULACIONES.
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SE DEBE PRODUCIR UN PARPADEO ANTE LA
ESTIMULACION CORNEAL.
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NERVIO FACIAL (VII):
Motora (movimientos de los músculos
de la expresión facial excepto de la
mandíbula, cierre de ojos, sonidos
labiales como b, m, w y vocales
abiertas).
Sensitiva (gusto en los 2/3 anteriores de
la lengua y sensibilidad de la faringe.
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la glándula lagrimal, a los senos esfenoidal, frontal, maxilar y etmoidal, a
la cavidad nasal, glándula submandibular y sublingual y fibras gustativas
a los 2/3 anteriores de la lengua, músculo buccinador y el orbicular de los
párpados, músculo masetero
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FRUNZA LA FRENTE ELEVANDO LAS
CEJAS
SONRIA
INFLE LOS CARRILLOS
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FRUNZA LOS LABIOS Y SOPLE
CIERRE FUERTEMENTE LOS OJOS
ENSEÑE LOS DIENTES
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VIII: NERVIO. VESTIBULOCOCLEAR:
Esta formado por dos ramas
anatómicas y fisiológicamente
diferentes:
1º Ramo vestibular o nervio del
equilibrio.
2º Ramo coclear, en relación
con la audición.
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NERVIO GLOSOFARÍNGEO (IX):
Motora (músculos voluntarios de deglución y
fonación).
Sensitiva (sensibilidad de la nasofaringe, gusto en el
tercio posterior de la lengua.
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X: NERVIO VAGO:
Motora ( movimientos voluntarias de la fonación
como lo son los sonidos guturales. Deglución.
Sensitiva (sensibilidad detrás del pabellón
auricular y extremo final del conducto auditivo
externo)
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N. Espinal accesorio (XI): gira la
cabeza, encoge los hombros, algunas
acciones de fonación.
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XII: NERVIO HIPOGLOSO:
movimientos de la lengua en la
articulación de determinados
sonidos: l, t, n y la deglución.
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