(PALEO)ECOLOGIA
description
Transcript of (PALEO)ECOLOGIA
![Page 1: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
(PALEO)ECOLOGIA(PALEO)ECOLOGIA
![Page 2: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Reconstrucción paleoambientalReconstrucción paleoambientalen el Mioceno inferior (Jay H. Matternes)en el Mioceno inferior (Jay H. Matternes)
![Page 3: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
POBLACIONESPOBLACIONES
Crecimiento poblacional
Estructura de la población
![Page 4: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Nt = N0 * ert
r (tasa de crecimiento intrínseco) = b (nacimientos) – d (muertes)
dN/dt = r * N * [(K-N)/K]K = capacidad de carga
![Page 8: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Estructura de la población
![Page 9: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
braquiópodoComposita cf. subtilita
Elephas primigeniusHomo sapiens
braquiópodoAemula inusitata
![Page 12: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Por
cent
aje
Clase de edadENTERRAMIENTO
CATASTROFICOENTERRAMIENTO
GRADUAL
RAPIDORAPIDO GRADUALGRADUAL
![Page 13: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
METAPOBLACIONESMETAPOBLACIONES
![Page 14: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Mountain Sheep (Ovis canadensis)in Southern California
![Page 15: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Agudeza temporal (“acuity”)
![Page 18: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Especies oportunistas
Especies en equilibrio o especialistas
![Page 20: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Especies oportunistasAbundantes y mayoritariaAsociaciones poco diversasHorizontes concretosDiversidad de facies
Especies en equilibrio o especialistasFacies concretasAbundantes pero no mayoritariasAsociaciones diversasEspecializadas a tipos de vida concretos
En poblaciones fósiles:
![Page 21: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
COMUNIDADESCOMUNIDADES
Límites (tolerancia)
Integración (interacciones)
Continuidad (persistencia)
![Page 22: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Estructura de las comunidades
Riqueza específica
Diversidad (H = - Pi log Pi)
Estructura trófica
![Page 23: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Diagramas sectoriales
Análisis multivariantesanálisis clusterPCAcadenas de Markovetc
Aproximación al estudio de paleocomunidades
![Page 26: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
BIOCENOSIS TANATOCENOSIS TAFOCENOSIS
![Page 28: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
DIVERSIDADABUNDANCIA
![Page 30: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
ESTRUCTURA TROFICA
![Page 31: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
ArticoAntartico
SubarticoSubantartico
Transicional
Subtropical
Tropical
05
1018
2430
TE
MP
ER
AT
UR
A (°C
)(Bé y Tolderlund, 1971)
![Page 34: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
ANTARTICO
SUBANTARTICO
SUBTROPICAL SUBTROPICALSUBTROPICAL
SUBTROPICALSUBTROPICAL
TROPICAL
TROPICAL
TROPICAL
SUBARTICOSUBARTICO
ARTICOARTICO
TRANSICIONALTRANSICIONAL
TRANSICIONALTRANSIC
IONAL
![Page 35: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
TEMPERATURA SUPERFICIAL DE LAS AGUAS
![Page 36: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Formas tropicales
Formas subtropicales
Formas templadas
Formas circumpolares
![Page 37: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Distribución geográfica deforaminíferos durante el Miocenoinferior en el Pacífico Norte(Sliter, 1972)
Distribución geográfica deforaminíferos durante el Cretácicosuperior en el Pacífico Norte(Sliter, 1972)
![Page 38: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
![Page 39: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Nú
mer
o d
e es
pec
ies
% t
otal
de
esp
ecie
s
1. Incrustante uniserial ()2. Incrustante multiserial ()3. Incrustante multiserial masivo ()
4. Erecto multiserial ()5. Erecto uniserial ()6. Vida libre ()7. Enraizados ()
DISTRIBUCION BATIMETRICA DE COLONIAS DE BRIOZOOS
DISTRIBUCION BATIMETRICA DE COLONIAS DE BRIOZOOS
Profundidad
![Page 40: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Por
cen
taje
de
esp
ecie
s
cementado
rígido
DISTRIBUCION BATIMETRICA DE COLONIAS DE BRIOZOOS
DISTRIBUCION BATIMETRICA DE COLONIAS DE BRIOZOOS
no flexible
Profundidad
![Page 41: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
INTERACCIONESINTERACCIONES
Predación
![Page 42: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
![Page 43: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
![Page 44: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
![Page 45: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
![Page 46: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
![Page 47: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
![Page 48: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Simbiosis
![Page 49: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
macroforaminíferosmacroforaminíferosbentónicosbentónicos
NummulitesNummulitesDiscocyclinaDiscocyclina
![Page 50: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Platygyra
![Page 51: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Comensalismo
![Page 52: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Sulcichnus
![Page 53: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Parasitismo
![Page 54: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
![Page 55: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
![Page 56: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Stylopoma spongites
Steginoporella sp
Parasmittina sp
Reptadeonella costulata
INTERACCIONESINTERACCIONESDEFENSADEFENSA
Onychocella alula
Antropora tincta
ALIMENTACIONALIMENTACION
Stylopoma duboisii
Thalamoporella tubifera
SOBRECRECIMIENTOSOBRECRECIMIENTO
Stylopoma
Reptadeonella
Reptadeonella
Steginoporella
![Page 57: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
ESTRUCTURA TROFICA
![Page 58: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
![Page 59: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
![Page 60: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
![Page 61: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
![Page 62: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
![Page 63: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
![Page 64: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Estratificación (Estratificación (tieringtiering))
![Page 65: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
![Page 66: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Organismo (?)Organismo (?)Pista típicaPista típica%%
bioturbaciónbioturbaciónpreservadapreservada
%%bioturbaciónbioturbaciónNivelNivelZonaZona
Mex
cla
Mex
cla
Tra
nsic
ión
Tra
nsic
ión
Equinodermos,ofiúridos, gasterópodos, bivalvos, etc.
Crustáceos
Planolites
Thalassinoides
Taenidium
Zoophycos
Chondrites(grandes)
Chondrites(pequeños)
123
4
5
6
7
8
100100100
90
10
1
0,5
0,05
00
15
80
2
2
1
0,5
![Page 67: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
SUCESION ECOLOGICASUCESION ECOLOGICA
![Page 68: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
![Page 69: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
![Page 70: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
![Page 71: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
![Page 72: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
![Page 73: (PALEO)ECOLOGIA](https://reader033.fdocuments.ec/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5681441e550346895db0bc03/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
TIEMPO GEOLOGICO(Ma)
FAUNAS EVOLUTIVAS(SEPKOSKI, 1984)
UNIDADES ECOLOGICO-EVOLUTIVASUNIDADES ECOLOGICO-EVOLUTIVAS(BOUCOT, 1982)(BOUCOT, 1982)
UNIDADES DE SHEEHAN (1985)
SUBUNIDADESSUBUNIDADESECOLOGICO-EVOLUTIVASECOLOGICO-EVOLUTIVAS
BRETT Y BAIRD, 1995)BRETT Y BAIRD, 1995)
I II III IV
V VI
VII VIII IX
X XI
XII