ORTHOPTERA

(grasshoppers, crickets, katydids)

Neoptera

Plecoptera

PhasmidaOrthoptera

Zoraptera

Blattaria

GrylloblattodeaMantophasmatodea

EmbiodeaDermaptera

MantodeaIsoptera

PsocopteraPhthirapteraThysanopteraHemipteraColeopteraRhaphidiopteraMegalopteraNeuropteraHymenopteraMecopteraSiphonapteraDipteraStrepsiptera

TrichopteraLepidoptera

Polyneoptera

Paraneoptera

Neuropterida

Panorpida?

= Orthopteroid orders

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Orthoptera

Number of Species

Common names

Distinguishing characteristics

Other features

Typical habitats

Hexapod Orders

23,000

Grasshoppers, locusts, crickets, katydids

Ortho - straight, ptera - wing

- vegetation, worldwide

-ovipositor-saltatorial hind legs

-first group to use sound in communication

Orthopteran Phylogeny

Fossil Crickets & grasshoppers

Characteristics of Orthoptera

1. Chewing Mouthparts

Characteristics of Orthoptera

2. Saltatorial Hind Legs

Two Suborders of Orthoptera

1. Caelifera - Grasshoppers

-diurnal, jumping- short antennae- terrestrial (not arboreal)

- nocturnal, walking- long antennae- arboreal

2. Ensifera - katydids, crickets

Sound Production

Ensifera

Sound production - stridulation

Sound production - stridulation

Sound production - stridulation

Katydid song

Cricket song

Sound production - stridulation

Sound production - habitat modification

Mole cricket song

Phylogeny of Stridulation

From Gwynne 1995

Sound ReceptionEnsifera

Ensifera - hearing

Ensifera - hearing

Sound Production

Caelifera

Sound Reception

Caelifera

Sound Reception

Orthoptera - Camouflage

Caelifera

Ensifera - Camouflage/Mimicry

Orthoptera - Camouflage

Ensifera

Ensifera - Nutrients to Female

Ensifera - Nutrients to Female

Inject male with radioactive protein

Spermatophore takes up

radioactive protein

Spermatophore passed to female

Eggs contain radioactive protein

Does the female get the nutrients?

Ensifera - Nutrients to Female

Amount of spermatophylax eaten

Protein in diet Female size

Egg size

% surviving

Number of eggs

Son: length of time as a juvenile

Daughter: length of time as a juvenile

Son’s sizeSpermatophylax

size

Number of eggs

Daughter’s size

Some representative Orthoptera

Ensifera

Hagloidea- grigs, Cyphoderris

Gryllidae - crickets, mole crickets

Some representative Orthoptera

Ensifera

Stenopalmatidae - Jerusalem cricket & wetas

Tettigoniidae - katydids

Some representative Orthoptera

Caelifera

Acrididae- Grasshoppers & locusts

Economic Importance

Schistocerca gregaria - migratory locust

Solitary Dispersing

Economic Importance

Schistocerca gregaria - migratory locust

Solitary Dispersing

Economic Importance

Schistocerca gregaria - migratory locust

•

Locust outbreaks - Australia

Economic Importance

Economic Importance

Economic Importance