normativas obdbr2

8/9/2019 normativas obdbr2

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Preliminary Investigation of OBDBr-2Catalyst Monitor Performance with

Aftermarket Catalysts

Michel Zambon Alves – Ford Motor Company Brasil

Alan Arnhem – Umicore Automotive Catalyst

Paul Baltusis – Ford Motor Company Brasil

Eduardo Burgos – Ford Motor Company BrasilClayton Orasmo – Umicore Automotive Catalyst


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Main Topics

Motivation Aftermarket catalyst requirements

Catalyst monitor principals

Theoretical analysis: risk of MIL activation

Experimental analysis: catalyst monitor performance

Conclusions

Future Developments


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Motivation

Implementation of OBDBr-2 starting in 2010

INMETRO – Aftermarket Catalytic Converter Report:

5 of 11 samples rejected in the visual inspection (empty cans)

6 samples approved according to Conama 282/2001


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CONAMA Resolution 354/2004

general requirements

implementation phase-in

OBDBr-1

OBDBr-2

Regulatory Instructions

detailed technicalrequirements

OBDBr-1: 126/2006

OBDBr-2: 24/2009

2010 201160% 100%

2007 2008 2009

40% 70% 100%

OBDBr Regulations


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Summary of Aftermarket Catalyst

Regulatory Requirements

Catalytic converter

40,000 miles aged

NBR-6601 cycle

Catalytic converters and

oxygen sensors 50,000miles agedEPA-75 cycle

not aged

Type I cycle

Not specified5 yearswarranty rates > 4% rescission

Not specifiedWarranty

Not specifiedCatalysts aged to the pointof MIL illumination.1.5 times the malfunctionthresholds as required forOEM OBD certification (all

pollutants).

Catalysts aged to the pointof MIL illumination.Same malfunction thresholdsas required for OEM OBDcertification (Euro IV: THC;

Euro V: NMHC, NOx)

OBD

Conversion efficiencies:CO (70%)HC (70%)

NOx (60%)

Full useful life certificationstandard

aftermarket vs originalcatalyst configuration:M ≤ G

M≤

0.85 S + 0.4 G

Base

tailpipeemissions

BrazilUnited States (ARB)European Union


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Oxygen Storage Principals


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Catalyst Monitor Principals


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Theoretical analysisRisk of MIL activation with aftermarket catalysts

TP = 0.3 g/km (OBDBr-2 malfunction threshold for NMHC)

EFF = 70% (min. acceptable HC conversion eff. for aftermarket catalysts)

Typical values of PRE NMHC (PROCONVE L-5) higher than 1.0 g/km

PRE

TPPRE EFF

−=

EFF

TPPRE

−

=

1

kmgPRE NMHC / 0.1<


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Tested Samples:

BASELINE - original Ford Motor Company 80k aged catalyst

CATALYST 1 - Umicore standard aftermarket 40k aged catalyst

(OSC at lower limit specification)

CATALYST 2 - Umicore standard aftermarket 40k aged catalyst

(OSC at nominal limit specification)

THRESHOLD - original Ford Motor Company part aged to the point

of MIL illumination

Experimental Analysis


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2 NBR-6601 per sample Rocam 1.6L Flex vehicle (PL5 compliant)

Measurements:

Tailpipe emissions (NMHC) Conversion Efficiency (THC)

Calculated catalyst index ratio (IR)

Experimental Analysis


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HC Conversion Eff vs IR - E100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0.400

0.500

0.600

0.700

0.800

0.900

40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0% 90.0% 100.0%

EFF HC %

C a t a l y s t I n d e x R a t i

BASELINE AFTERMARKET 1 AFTERMARKET 2 THRESHOLD Linear

HC Conversion Eff vs IR - E22

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0.400

0.500

0.600

0.7000.800

0.900

40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0% 90.0% 100.0%

EFF HC %

C a t a l y s t I n d e x R a t i



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NMHC vs IR - E22

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0.400

0.500

0.600

0.700

0.800

0.900

0.000 0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080 0.100 0.120 0.140 0.160 0.180

NMHC

C a t a l y s t I n d e x R a t

i


NMHC vs IR - E100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.3000.400

0.500

0.600

0.700

0.800

0.900

0.000 0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080 0.100 0.120 0.140 0.160 0.180

NMHC

C a t a l y s t

I n d e x R a t i



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Experimental Results

CATALYST

INDEX RATIO NMHC [g/km]

THC

CONVERSION

EFFICIENCY

CATALYST

INDEX RATIO NMHC [g/km]

THC

CONVERSION

EFFICIENCY

BASELINE

CATALYSTref ref ref ref ref ref

AFTERMARKET 28% 95% -4% 44% 25% -14%

THRESHOLD

CATALYST515% 170% -7% 605% 222% -43%

E22 E100


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Conclusions

Brazilian regulations for aftermarket catalysts are much lessstringent than those for Europe or the US for both tailpipe

emissions and OBD. Specifically for OBD, there is no regulatoryrequirement in Brazil.

The tested aftermarket catalysts were able to comply with theapplicable emission regulatory requirements.

The probability of premature MIL activation for the testedUmicore aftermarket catalysts 1 and 2 is very low.

Lots of efforts are being spent on OEM emissions legislation(PL6, OBDBr-2 etc), but the regulation for aftermarketemission control devices has not been updated accordingly.


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Future Developments

It is important to analyze a wider and more representative

sample of aftermarket catalytic converters from differentsuppliers in order to better understand the real probability ofpremature MIL activation in the field as well as to helpdefine future Brazilian OBD regulation for aftermarket

catalysts.

Continue investigating the trade-offs between oxygenstorage and washcoat mass as it affects catalyst light-off

time and NMHC emissions for fuels ranging from E22 toE100.


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Thank you!

Regulatory information contained in this paper is intended to serve as a reference only.

The latest rules and regulations must be used for official testing / development.

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