No. 13 - Trabajo de Escribir - Agosto 2012
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Transcript of No. 13 - Trabajo de Escribir - Agosto 2012
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7/31/2019 No. 13 - Trabajo de Escribir - Agosto 2012
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Mc- :0
Pl kn`l" pl w|dcwj"
hwjmycl{j-C`|jmkcdlmcp|mg|lmycl{j-C|mycl{jkl`lm{l"vjbncpc-Cpndybldlm{l"ylwcwljbdlm{l"|mycl{j-
jfnwdjmlmbcppjbcmlp"lmbjp
fnlp{jp"jbh|nlmcjbh|mcplm{lwjkcp"z|lAjndlPjgnmlplp|m
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Lkn{cwnjb
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Lb {wjgjac kl lp`wngnw
Bjp yjbjgwjp ylwknkjp ~ lb lp`wn{cw vlm`nkcKjmmnlbj Jbdjqm Pjm{|jwnc
Bc z|l pbc |mc lp`|`ejJbkc Wcpjblp
Dj`lkcmnc Flwmmklq c lb {wjgjac kl bj klplp`wn{|wjDjw`c Jm{cmnc D- Dlknmj
Pcgwl bj nmpjmj kl bllwOjwnmj Ycpjkjp [cwwnacp
Dn cfn`nc kl lp`wngnwJblajmkwj @- B-
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HjblwjDcwlbnjmj ~ djklwj
Ojwnmj Ycpjkjp [cwwnacp 78
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WljbnkjklpPlwhnc Flwmjmkc Yjbj`nc Ywlq
Bj djbkn`nm kl Wcdj-@jy{|bc 8- Bj bl~lmkj klb `l{wc dhn`cJblajmkwj @- B-
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@wlj`nm bn{lwjwnj
Jhwjkl`ndnlm{cp
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Mcp eldcp z|lkjkc pnm yjbjgwjp yjwj jhwjkl`lw lb jyc~c wl`ngnkc k|wjm{l |m jc kl
y|gbn`j`ncmlp dlmp|jblp nmnm{lww|dynkjp- Pnm dp ywldg|bcp" m|lp{wjp dlm`ncmlp
lpyl`njblp" {ckjp kl nh|jb ndycw{jm`nj1
J m|lp{wcp bl`{cwlp" z|nlmlp djm{nlmlm vnvc `jkj |mc kl bcp lp`wn{cp z|l ply|gbn`jm- Hwj`njp j {ckcp ycw bllwmcp" plh|nwmcp" jdjwmcp | cknjwmcp" {jm{c j bcp
z|l mcp caljm `jkj dlp" `cdc j bcp z|l mcp lm`|lm{wjm ycw `jp|jbnkjk lm bj
wlk-
J m|lp{wcp knf|pcwlp `|b{|wjblp jmmndcp" z|nlmlp" jkldp kl bllwmcp" pl
{cdjm lb {nldyc yjwj wl`cdlmkjwmcp ~ `cdyjw{nw m|lp{wcp lmbj`lp- Jb Plcw jb plcw nm{lwml{ z|l mcp ej klajkc bblhjw j wnm`cmlp nmndjhnmjgblp`cm lp{j y|gbn`j`nm" lvn{mkcmcp lb hjp{c kl yjylblwj ~ ylwdn{nmkcmcp
cfwl`lwbj kl fcwdj hwj{|n{j-
J bj y|gbn`j nm nmklylmknlm{l Bn{lwj{|wj Gjwj{j" z|l ej pnkc |m laldybc jplh|nw yjwj mcpc{wcp ~ mc ej k|kjkc lm wl`cdlmkjwmcp `cm p|p bl`{cwlp-
J Enbkj @j{jbnmj Hjbnmkc Hjw`j" z|nlm mcp ej ylwdn{nkc {lmlw |mj kl p|pcgwjp lm bj ycw{jkj kl lp{l mdlwc-J {ckcp bcp lp`wn{cwlp ~ jw{np{jp z|l ejm `cbjgcwjkc dlp j dlp" ~j z|l pnmlbbcp lp{j y|gbn`j`nm mc {lmkwj wjqm kl vlw bj b|q- ^ jb elwcn`c lz|nyc lkn{cwnjb z|l {wjgjaj jwk|jdlm{l" pnm yjhj jbh|mj" yjwjz|l lp{j y|gbn`j`nm lunp{j- \m wl`cmc`ndnlm{c lpyl`njb yjwj lbbcp" ycwz|l mc blp
ndycw{j dcwnw kl ejdgwl %{ckjvj.-
@cdc kj{cp lpyl`njblp kl lp{l mdlwc1 lm lp{j c`jpnm lb {ldj klb dlp" Lb {wjgjac
kl lp`wngnw" f|l lblhnkc yjwj ecmwjw j {ckcp bcp `cbjgcwjkcwlp z|l ejm y|gbn`jkcjz|? jp dnpdc" mcdgwjwldcp j {ckcp bcp lp`wn{cwlp ~ jw{np{jp z|l mcp ejm
j`cdyjjkc j bc bjwhc kl lp{cp :0 mdlwcp ~ yjpjwldcp bj bnp{j kl z|nlmlp
`cmfcwdjm lb dnp{lwncpc lz|nyc lkn{cwnjb kl Bj yb|dj? jkldp" ywlp|dndcp z|l
lp{j lkn`nm lp bj ywndlwj lm `cm{jw `cm |mj ycw{jkj kcmkl bj nb|p{wj`nm mc {nlml dp
kl :99 jcp- Hwj`njp m|lvjdlm{l ~ lpylwjdcp plh|nw y|gbn`jmkc ejp{j lb fnm klb
d|mkc" lp kl`nw" ycw jbb kl kn`nldgwl-
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Nb|p{wj`nm kl ycw{jkj1 Enbkj @j{jbnmj Hjbnmkc Hjw`j" Djmlwj kl ej`lw |mj b|mj kl Jbglw{c @endjb-
@n{j1 Ajndl Pjgnmlp" Lb ylj{m" %fwjhdlm{c.-
Klwl`ecp Wlplwvjkcp- Bj yb|dj lm bj ynlkwj" [cb|`j" Dun`c" Mc- :0" jhcp{c 79:7-
Bj yb|dj lm bj ynlkwjlp |mj y|gbn`j`nm dlmp|jb l nmklylmknlm{l kl knp{wng|`nm hwj{|n{j ycwnm{lwml{- [ckcp bcp jw{`|bcp" lmpj~cp" lp`wn{cp bn{lwjwncp ~ cgwjp y|gbn`jkjp pcm ywcynlkjk ~
wlpycmpjgnbnkjk mn`j ~ lu`b|pnvj klb j|{cw ~ y|lklm wlywck|`nwpl `n{jmkc bj f|lm{l-
e{{y1##bjyb|djlmbjynlkwj-gbchpyc{-`cd#
bjyb|djlmbjynlkwjIhdjnb-`cd
Bj yb|dj lm bj ynlkwj
IYb|djlmbjYnlkwj
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Ejm lp`wn{c Bj yb|dj lm bj ynlkwj
Djw`c Jm{cmnc D- Dlknmj E|hc Ycpjkjp [cwwnacp
Jmjnk Vjbblac Cwk|j A|jm Ajvnlw Ynmlkj [cvjw
A- D- Fjbjdjwc Ojwnmj Ycpjkjp [cwwnacp Jblajmkwj @- B-
Bcwlmqc @cmlac Bylq Acp A- Hcmqblq Kcbcwlp N- Hjw`j
Kw- Pjbcdm Lpynmcqj D- Plwlmj [cwwlp Ylwjb{j
Hlwjwkc Fbcwlp Dcwlbnjmj Mlhwl{l P|pjmj Pjm{cp Dj{lc
Djm|lb Jwk|nmc Yjvm Yj{wn`nj Hjwfnjp @`lwlp
Jdjmkj Hjw`j @jpjmkwj Jwn`ljhj Jw{|wc Cw{nq Elwjq
@jwbcp Jbglw{c Jh|nwwl Gjmn Hjw`j Hwj`nlbj Kjq
Alpp Nvm Elwmmklq klb Ywjkc Kjmmnlbj Jbdjqm Pjm{|jwnc
Jbkc WcpjblpPlwhnc Flwmjmkc Yjbj`nc Ywlq
Jw{np{jp ~ fc{hwjfcp
A|jm Ajvnlw Ynmlkj [cvjw Djw`c Jm{cmnc D- Dlknmj
Acp Alpp Hcmqblq Ojwnmj Ycpjkjp [cwwnacp
E|hc Ycpjkjp [cwwnacp Jblajmkwj @- B-
Alpp Jbglw{c Jwj|ac J~jbj
Lz|nyc lkn{cwnjb
Jw{|wc Lb Jacbc{l Nmkcdjgbl Cw{nq ElwjqP|ylwvnpcw hwjdj{n`jb" kl g|lmjp `cp{|dgwlp ~ knf|pnm `|b{|wjb-
Jblajmkwj @cwwl`{cwj Vlbcq @w|q@cwwl`{cwj kl lp{nbc" j{lm`nm kl dlkncp ~ knf|pcwj `|b{|wjb-
Lb Ylwnfwp{n`c Jplpnmc Dlknmj P|ylwvnpcw klb knplc lkn{cwnjb" `cwwl`{cw kl lp{nbc" j{lm`nm kl dlkncp" knf|pcw `|b{|wjb
l nkljkcw-
Ojwnmj Bj J`lm{|jkcwj Ycpjkjp Lkn{cwj hlmlwjb" kn`{jkcwj" `cwwl`{cwj kl lp{nbc" j{lm`nm kl dlkncp" knf|pcwj `|b{|wjb"
ybjmnfn`jkcwj l nkljkcwj-
^ |m nkljkcw jmmndc" jbnjp Fjbjdjwc
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Bj yb|dj lm bj ynlkwj
Lb {nldyc yjpj wynkc `|jmkc |mc pl knvnlw{l- Jp lp `cdc bblhjdcp jb
vcb|dlm :0 kl Bj yb|dj lm bj ynlkwj" kcmkl lb {ldj kl lp{j lkn`nm hnwj lm
{cwmc jb {wjgjac kl lp`wn{|wj" j ywcypn{c kl m|lp{wc ywndlw jcnmnm{lww|dynkc kl y|gbn`j`ncmlp dlmp|jblp hwj{|n{jp ycw nm{lwml{-
Kn`ec {ldj lp{ klkn`jkc j {ckcp bcp z|l ejm `cbjgcwjkc `cm mcpc{wcp ~" {jdgnm" j
jz|lbbcp z|nlmlp lp`wnglm lm bj ywnvj`nkjk kl p|p jycplm{cp" jwwcamkcpl jb knf`nb {wjgjac
kl lp`wngnw" pljm {lu{cp kl wljbnkjk c fn``nm" mjwwj{nvcp c bwn`cp" plm`nbbcp c jgp{wj`{cp- Ycw
z|l lbbcp" z|nlmlp pl ejm ylwdn{nkc lb b|ac kl vj`njw yjbjgwjp pcgwl lb yjylb" pjglm kl
ywndlwj djmc bc klvjb|jkc kl {jm glbbc jw{l-
Klkn`jdcp" y|lp" lp{l mdlwc j {ckcp jz|lbbcp j z|nlmlp pl blp ej {wj{jkc klylwp|jknw yjwj z|l jgjmkcmlm bj lp`wn{|wj" j bcp z|l p|ylwjm bj fwcm{lwj klb dnlkc ~
ylwdn{lm z|l |m bl`{cw wl`ngj p| dlmpjal" j bcp z|l c`|yjm p|p dcdlm{cp kl klp`jmpc
yjwj ynm{jw `cm bjp yjbjgwjp" j {ckcp jz|lbbcp knpy|lp{cp j bllw ~ plw blkcp" jp `cdc j
{ckcp bcp z|l ejm `cbjgcwjkc lm lp{l ywc~l`{c ~ j {ckcp bcp z|l vlmkwm Vj ycw
|p{lklp1
Lm bj pl``nm {ld{n`j ywlplm{jdcp lb ycldj Bjp yjbjgwjp ylwknkjp ~ lb lp`wn{cw
vlm`nkc kl Kjmmnlbj Jbdjqm Pjm{|jwnc" bj mjwwj`nm Bc z|l pbc |mc lp`|`ej kl JbkcWcpjblp" ~ bcp lmpj~cp1 Dj`lkcmnc Flwmmklq c lb {wjgjac kl bj klplp`wn{|wj" Pcgwl bj
nmpjmj kl bllw ~ Dn cfn`nc kl lp`wngnw kl Djw`c Jm{cmnc D- Dlknmj" Ojwnmj Ycpjkjp
[cwwnacp ~ Jblajmkwj @- B- wlpyl`{nvjdlm{l-
Bj Hjblwj {wjl lm lp{j c`jpnm |mj fc{chwjfj kl Ojwnmj Ycpjkjp [cwwnacp" {n{|bjkj1
Dcwlbnjmj ~ djklwj-
^ bj pl``nm lm bj z|l {ckcp z|nlwlp y|gbn`jw" @wlj`nm Bn{lwjwnj" {wjl yjwj |p{lklp j
Plwhnc Flwmjmkc Yjbj`nc Ywlq `cm p| ycldj Wljbnkjklp~ j Jblajmkwj @- B- `cm bjlm{wlhj mdlwc pnl{l kl p| mcvlbj Bj djbkn`nm kl Wcdj-
Jp bblhjdcp pnm knfn`|b{jklp j |m jc kl knvlw{ndlm{cp ~ pnm pjglw" j `nlm`nj `nlw{j" pn
jbh|nlm bll bcp lkn{cwnjblp- Pcpyl`ejdcp z|l mc- Jhwjkl`ldcp p| j{lm`nm ~ jplh|wjdcp
z|l {ckjvj ejgw dp kl Bj yb|dj kl jz| ejp{j lb fnm kl bcp {nldycp-
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Ycw Kjmmnlbj Jbdjqm Pjm{|jwncBjp yjbjgwjp ylwknkjp ~ lb lp`wn{cw vlm`nkc
Lp{j vlq bjp yjbjgwjp pl wlepjm j jgjmkcmjw dn yb|dj-
Ycw dp z|l nm{lm{c fcwd|bjwbjp lm dn dlm{l ~ lp`wngnwbjp"
lp `cdc pn `|jbz|nlw `cmc`ndnlm{c kl jkal{nvcp ~ p|p{jm{nvcp dl e|gnlwj pnkc jwwlgj{jkc-
^ je lp{jgj ~c1 nmklflmpj l nhmcwjm{l fwlm{l j dn ecaj kl yjylb-
Klb {nm{lwc j bjp bmljp" hc{ljgjm bjp dl{fcwjp-
Mn pnz|nlwj {lmj |m p|al{c j z|nm lp`wngnw-
\mj pn{|j`nm jgp|wkj c {wnvnjb j bj `|b wl`|wwnw?
`jdgnjwbl `jkj hwjdc kl cwknmjwnlq ~ vcbvlwbc lm p|gbndl-
Lp{jgj ~c lp{j vlq" `cm bj dlm{l lm gbjm`c-
Mc yckj lp`wngnw ycwz|l mc plm{j" c jb dlmcp" mc z|lwj plm{nw-
Lb gbcz|lc mc lwj dp |m lbldlm{c jnpbjkc? jgpcwgj lb {ckc1
bjp ecajp" bjp bl{wjp" bjp nkljp ~ bcp pnhmcp kl y|m{|j`nm-
Z|nq klgj ldylqjw `cm1 [ lwlp" c ^c z|npnlwj-
Z|nq klgj lvn{jwdl bj dnhwjj ~ ej`lwbc {ckc j |m bjkc-
M|lvjdlm{l knwnh dn yb|dj jb {nm{lwc" klpy|p bj j`lwz| j bj ecaj gbjm`j-
Pl klwwjd |mj hc{j? klpy|p c{wj-
Klpy|p pl dl lp`|wwnlwcm bjp hjmjp ~ kl`nk mc lp`wngnw mjkj-
Ycwz|l lm wljbnkjk" mc {lmj mjkj ndycw{jm{l z|l kl`nw-
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Pcgwl bj dlpj kl bj `c`nmj pl klpyblh |mj pcdgwj z|l wl`cwwn {ckj bj lu{lmpnm kl bj
djklwj" yjw{nlmkc kl bjkc j bjkc `cdc |m ylwlhwnmc pnm `lw{lqj kl wlycpc? b|lhc z|l bj
djmc e|gc `w|qjkc lb `nlbc klb `|jw{c~ gbcz|ljkc kl lpl dckc nm`cmp`nlm{l bj b|q
kgnb klb fc`c jdjwnbblm{c" Wjfjlb pl vcbvn j dnwjw bjp fjbjmhlp `cdc pn f|lwjm jbhc
z|l ajdp pl ejgj vnp{c pcgwl bj {nlwwj- Vcbvn j blvjm{jw bj djmc ~ |m m|lvc `|lwvc jwwjp{w lb
v|lbc pcgwl bjp gc{lbbjp vj`jp ~ bcp wlp{cp kl jbndlm{cp ~j dp jbb klb |dgwjb klb wl`cmc`ndnlm{c-
Lwj jbhc mc{cwnc" kl |mj glbblqj nmj|kn{j ~" pnm ldgjwhc" {jm `c{nknjmj z|l jp|p{jgj lb `cwjqm-Mc y|lkl plw pl knac j p dnpdc vcbvnlmkc j blvjm{jw |mj kl p|p djmcp ~ cgplwvjwbj
`cm{wj bj b|q klb fc`c? bj j`lw` {jm{c z|l bj b|q {wjmpyjwlm{ lm {cmcp mjwjmaj" ycw |m plh|mkc" bj
`jwml kl |mc kl p|p klkcp- Lwj `cdc `|jmkc lm bj {lblvnpnm pl cgplwvj j |mj `wnj{|wj klm{wc klb
vnlm{wl kl bj djkwl" `cm p| ynlb {wjmpb`nkj" |mj klwdnp pnm pl`wl{cp yjwj mjknl z|l {lmhj lb vjbcw kl
dnwjw lm bjp lm{wjjp kl |mj d|alw ldgjwjqjkj-
Pnm ldgjwhc" ~ j ylpjw nm`b|pc kl bj ml`lkjk klb j`{c" Wjfjlb blvjm{ bj c{wj djmc ~ bj j`lw`
{jdgnm jb fc`c? bj `jwml vcbvn j klp`|gwnwpl lm p| klpm|klq kl vlmjp ~ jw{lwnjp- Bjp gc{lbbjp" {ckjp
lbbjp kl bjp dp knpdgcbjp fcwdjp ~ l{nz|l{jp" fcwdjgjm pcgwl bj dlpj lb pnp{ldj dcm{jcpc kl
|mj yj{wnj z|l pl l`bnypjgj j nm{lwvjbcp nm`wlgblp" nm{lwdn{lm{lp ~ jwdmn`cp- ^ je" a|p{c pcgwl |mj
kl bjp fjbjmhlpc z|nqp lm{lwwjkj lm bj `jwml lm lb a|p{c lpyj`nc pcgwl {jb y|m{c lm bj fjbjmhl
lp{jgj" {jm klbhjkj ~ fwhnb z|l gnlm y|kc ejglw yjpjkc ycw |mj fnp|wj lm lb {lankc plc" |mj bl{wj
z|l mc `cwwlpycmkj j jbfjgl{c jbh|mc? ~ {lmj |mj ywlplm`nj {jm j{lwwjkcwjdlm{l ylwlm{cwnj" {jm
ml`lpjwnjdlm{l vnvj ~ y|hmjm{l ycw plw klp`|gnlw{j" z|l kcbj mc ejglwbj vnp{c jm{lp" ~ mn pnz|nlwj
ejglwbj ndjhnmjkc- Pnhmnfn`jgj" lm `|jbz|nlw nkncdj" lm `|jbz|nlw mj`nm {wjqjkj lm djyjp ycw lb
ecdgwl" lb nmn`nc kl jbhc p|ywldc z|l lwj ywl`npc mc klpcglkl`lw- @jdnm {ldgbjmkc ejp{j bj`jdj ~ pl jwwcknbb- Wl{nw bj pgjmj ~ je lp{jgj bj dz|nmj kl lp`wngnw" `cdc wlycpjmkc klb djw{n$
bblc l{lwmc ~ pnm fw|{cp kl Wjfjlb-
Klpy|p kl bjp dp jdjwhjp nm`lw{nk|dgwlp" ec~ lwj ycw fnm lb mj`ndnlm{c m|lvc- P|p djmcp
lwjm d|alwlp e|lp|kjp kjmqjmkc pcgwl ybj`jp kl `cm`wl{c z|l `cm{lmjm |mj pcbj bl{wj klb
jbfjgl{c" ~ kjmqjgjm `cm |m wn{dc z|l blp mj`j kl jbhm b|hjw m{ndc ~ ylwfl`{c" fcwdjmkc jp" `cm
Ycw Jbkc WcpjblpBc z|l pbc |mc lp`|`ej
Jb djlp{wc Acp Wlv|lb{jp
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Bc z|l pbc |mc lp`|`ej
lpj kjmqj kl bj vnkj m|lvj" |m wn{|jb nm`wlgbl ~ y|wnfn`jkcw- @jkj {l`bj lwj ywlpncmjkj lm lb
dcdlm{c a|p{c ~ p|`lknkj ycw c{wj z|l pjgj luj`{jdlm{l `|b lwj p| yjylb lm bj vnkj klpkl z|l
mj`n- Lwj `cdc pn p|p klkcp e|gnlwjm lpylwjkc lpl dcdlm{c ywl`npc yjwj wlvlbjw p| vlwkjklwj ~
ywl`ncpj dnpnm lm bj vnkj" `cdc pn e|gnlwjm ylwdjml`nkc z|nl{cp yjwj h|jwkjw bj lmlwhj ywl`ncpj
z|l lm lpl dcdlm{c bcp bblvjgj j bj pnm`wcmnqj`nm? bj w|{j kl bj lynfjmj kl lp`wngnw a|p{c bc z|l lwj
ml`lpjwnc- Mn |m vc`jgbc dp- Jz|lbbc plwj lm{lmknkc lm `|jbz|nlw nkncdj" lm `|jbz|nlw {nldyc-
Mc y|lkl plw" lp kldjpnjkc elwdcpcWjfjlb pl kl{|vc ycw |m dcdlm{c" {ldlwcpc kl
z|l jz|lbbj j|{cmcdj lm p|p djmcp ~ lm p| dlm{l pl knb|~lwj? pnm ldgjwhc" ml`lpn{jgj vlwbjp |mj
vlq dp" pjglw z|l lm lpl {wcqc kl {nlwwj" lm lpl dcm{`|bc kl {nldyc" pbc b lwj `jyjq kl vlwbjp lm
lb dcdlm{c dnpdc kl bj hmlpnp1 bjp yjbjgwjp jm{lp kl z|l pl vnp{nlwjm kl |m jbfjgl{c `|jbz|nlwj
lb p|~c" knhjdcp bjp yjbjgwjp pnlmkc lplm`nj" pnlmkc jbhc z|l mc yckj plw klp`wn{c ycwz|l
lbbjp dnpdjp lwjm lb blmh|jal- @jdnm ej`nj bj dlpj ~ blvjm{ bj djmc j bj jb{|wj klb fc`c `cdc bcejgj el`ec jm{lp1 je lp{jgjm fb|~lmkc lm{wl bcp e|lpcp" jwjmkc bcp dp`|bcp" p|dlwhnmkcpl lm bj
pjmhwl ~ b|lhc j{wcylbbmkcpl lm bj y|m{j kl bcp klkcp- Lwj ndycpngbl klajw kl vlwbjp" ~" pnm
ldgjwhc" ml`lpjwnc- Bjp y|m{jp kl p|p klkcp pl enm`ejgjm j `j|pj klb jhb|{nmjdnlm{c kl yjbjgwjp
lm lpj qcmj kl bj djmc- Wlhwlp j bj `jdj- @cm{nm|-
[ckcp lpcp ywcgbldjp z|l pnldywl p|fwn yjwj lm`cm{wjw lb {nldyc jkl`|jkc lm z|l klgj
lp{jw lp`wn{j bj fwjpl" lb jkal{nvc ywl`npc" bj yjbjgwj a|p{j ~ lvc`jkcwj" lwjm |m dlwc wl`|lwkc- Kl p|p
klkcp fb|jm bjp yjbjgwjp ~ bc mn`c z|l ej`jm lwj `cgnajwpl lm |m {wcqc klb `jwgm lm bj `nm{j kl bj
djz|nmj? b|lhc wlycpjgjm {wjmz|nbjp" elwbkn`jp" ndyjpngblp" ycm{fn`jp" ycwz|l pjgjm z|l p|
dnpnm lm bj vnkj ejgj pnkc `cm`b|nkj- Je lp{jgj b" klp`wngnlmkc lb {nldyc" wlpnhmnfn`mkcbc"
djblmkcbc `cdc |m dl{jb `|jbz|nlwj jb f|p{l klb f|lhc? bj vnkj {jdgnm lwj klp`wn{j" {ckc ejbbjgj
p| b|hjw lm lpj kjmqj- Ycw dcdlm{cp pl kl{lmj j bllw bc z|l ~j ejgj lp`wn{c ~ jylmjp pn yckj
`wllwbc1 lwj jbhc z|l lp{jgj lp`wn{c lm {ckcp bcp {nldycp ~ lm {ckcp bcp nkncdjp" |m {lu{c z|l plwj
`jyjq kl jyj`nh|jw j bj {nlwwj dnpdj c klp{w|nwbj? kl jbhm lu{wjc dckc" {lmj |m pnhmnfn`jkc
|mnvlwpjb j bj vlq z|l |mj yjw{n`|bjwnkjk nmfnmn{j- Lwj vcq ~ ckc" dlmpjal ~ dlknc- Mc bc yckj
`wllw-Mc p|yc `|m{c {nldyc bj vnkj dnpdj dcklb klpm|kj jm{l b" kl {jb djmlwj z|l ejgj pnkc
`jyjq kl ybjpdjwbj lm lb `jwgm ejp{j lm p| dp dmndc kl{jbbl- Bj `jglqj bl kcbj" ~ yckj plm{nw
lm bjp jw{n`|bj`ncmlp kl bjp djmcp |mj bnhlwlqj z|l m|m`j jm{lp ejgj plm{nkc-
Vcbvn j `jdnmjw ej`nj bj dlpj" ylwc lp{j vlq `cm |m pnhnbc kl jmndjb j{lwwjkc1 plm{j ecwwcw
kl z|l jz|lbbc {jm nmlfjgbl z|l ejgj lwnhnkc `cm bjp bl{wjp pl klww|dgjwj `cm lb jnwl kl p|p yjpcp-
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Jbkc Wcpjblp
Mc lp ycpngbl? ajdp `wl" dp jbb klb p|lc |mnvlwpjb kl `cmc`lwbc" z|l |m {lu{c jp" `c m
ywlplm`nj lm {ckc {nldyc ~ lm {ckc lvlm{c" f|lwj ycpngbl- \m {lu{c z|l ejgbj {ckcp bcp nkncdjp "
z|l lp {jm `bjwc z|l pl `cdywlmkl jb nmp{jm{l" ~ {jm ywcf|mkc z|l ajdp {lwdnmjw kl plw blkc-
Plm{j fnlgwl ~ vcb{ljgj j `jkj nmp{jm{l j bj dz|nmj kl lp`wngnw yjwj vlw pn jbhc ejgj `jdgnjkc?
{ckc plh|j nh|jb- Jecwj pjgw z|l {ckc vjbn bj ylmj? `cm pbc vlwbc lm{lmklw- Ylmpjgj lm p|
d|alw `cdc lm |m `|jkwc klphjp{jkc z|l pl dnwj jbh|mj vlq lm |m d|plc ~ z|l" pnm ywlvnc jvnpc"
pnm wjqm bhn`j c jyjwlm{l" pl wl`|lwkj lm lb dcdlm{c dlmcp wlbj`ncmjkc j bc z|l pl lp{ vnvnlmkc
lm lpl a|p{c nmp{jm{l" d|`ecp jcp klpy|p- P| d|alw" jylmjp vnvj kl {jm lpz|lb{n`j" `cdc |m
kng|ac lmflwdc kl |mj yjbkn`j kl jbhm pnhbc cp`|wc- Kncp" jylmjp `wlc z|l dl ej~j yjpjkc j
d-
[l pnlm{lp djb3bl ejgj kn`ec p| d|alw j bj ecwj kl bj `cdnkj- b ylwdjml`n `jbbjkc"
jechjmkc bcp cacp lm bj pcyj z|l bl ejgj plwvnkc" |mj pcyj z|l yjwl`j lp{jw el`ej kl bcplp`cdgwcp kl |mj `n|kjk klp{w|nkj ycw |m {lwwldc{c- B|lhc" jylmjp `cm |m hlp{c" bl nmkn` z|l
lwj pbc bj `jglqj- [l pnlm{lp djb3wlyn{n lbbj" ylwc lm p| vcq pl jknvnmjgj z|l lwjm c{wjp bjp
yjbjgwjp z|l klpljgj ywcm|m`njw? z|lwj kl`nwbl z|l mc{jgj |m {ldgbcw nm|p|jb lm p| `|lwyc" z|l
p|p cacp ejgjm e|nkc dp jklm{wc kl p| plw" z|l p|p bjgncp lwjm dp hwnplp z|l {ckjp bjp djjmjp
`|jmkc lbbj wlhwlpjgj klb p|ylwdlw`jkc b|lhc klb {|wmc kl djkw|hjkj lm bj gcklhj- Z|lwj kl`nwbl
z|l jbhc klgj `jdgnjw" z|l mc yckjm plh|nw lpylwjmkc jz|lbbj wlvlbj`nm z|l bl kjwj ycw fnm bj
pcb|`nm- Z|l lwj ml`lpjwnc z|l {wjgjajwj lm jbhc dp" z|l pl blvjm{jwj ~ `cmpnh|nlwj jbhm {wjgjac
kl bc z|l f|lwj" |mc kcmkl bj pjbvj`nm mc klylmknlwj kl z| klpljgj kl`nwbl jb d|mkc c z|
klpljgj `jbbjw- Bc z|l bl kjgjm ycw p|p `|lm{cp lm bjp yc`jp wlvnp{jp ~ ylwnkn`cp z|l bcp
j`ly{jgjm" jylmjp pn jb`jmqjgj yjwj djm{lmlw bj dlpj kl bj `c`nmj pnldywl j{ngcwwjkj kl gc{lbbjp kl
bj dp gjaj `jbnkjk-
Bc el `cmplh|nkc d|alw" ycw fnm" b|lhc kl {jm{cp jcp" ycw fnm bc el `cmplh|nkc? bc el
lp`wn{c- Bc lp`wng ~c ylwc lp kl {ckcp" {|~c {jdgnm- Ylwc mc knac mjkj" pbc lm`lmkn |mj `cbnbbj
kl |m `nhjwwnbbc" knc kcp gc`jmjkjp ~ bj vcbvn j jyjhjw yjwj klajw jbhc yjwj bj mc`el? bjp mc`elp pnm
f|djw jm{lp kl wl`cp{jwpl bl kjgjm hjmjp lmcwdlp kl bbcwjw- Ylwc mc y|lkc kl`w{lbc d|alw"{ckjvj mc- Mc p z|nm dl kn`{ bc z|l lp`wng" ~ {jdyc`c p pn jm lp {nldyc kl `cdyjw{nwbc-
@jdnm ej`nj |mj hjvl{j a|m{c j bj vlm{jmj ~ {cd |mjp ecajp kcmkl lp{jgj p| b{ndc
`|lm{c" lb z|l klgj jyjwl`lw lm lb ylwnkn`c kl bj `n|kjk" |mc kl bcp dp w|nmlp lm `nw`|bj`nm-
Ylwc lbbj pl bc ndynkn-
Bc lm{wlhjwp klpy|p? lbbcp vlmkwm ycw b-
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Bc z|l pbc |mc lp`|`ej
Bc `cmk|ac j bj `jdj ~ bc j~|k j wl`cp{jwpl b|lhc kl z|n{jw bj dz|nmj kl lp`wngnw ~ ycmlwbj j |m
bjkc- @|jmkc pnm{n z|l pl ejgj z|lkjkc kcwdnkc" `jdnm ejp{j lb c{wc lu{wldc klb `jw{|`ec ~
lm`lmkn bj {lblvnpnm `cm lb vcb|dlm d|~ gjac- b bj dnw lm |m yjwyjklc1 lm`cwvjkj ycw blvjm{jw
bjp `jajp {jm ylpjkjp l nmjhc{jgblp" `cm {ckcp bcp e|lpcp kl p| `|lwyc fnbcpcp `cm{wj bj ynlb- Ejp{j
lpc `jdgnjw d|alw" ~ jecwj p" `|jmkc ~j mc {lmhjp z|l ej`lw {jm{c {wjgjac" {lmkwldcp |m enac-
Kcwdn{jgj ~ klpylw{jgj nm{lwdn{lm{ldlm{l" `cdc lm bjp ylpjknbbjp- B|lhc lp`|`e `dc
{c`jgjm j bj y|lw{j1 klgj plw lb dlmpjalwc klb ylwnkn`c- P| d|alw lu{lmkn bjp ecajp j |mj djmc
pnm `|lwyc z|l pl jpcd ycw bj y|lw{j- Plm{j fnlgwl-
[ckc lp{jw dlacw b|lhc kl |m wj{c" pl dl yjpjw d|alw z|npc `cmpcbjwbj jb vlwbj {jm
z|lgwjknqj" `cdc |mj lp{j{|j kl jh|j z|l lunp{l pbc ycw |m plh|mkc- B|lhc vcbvn j dnwjwpl bjp
djmcp1 Lp nm`wlgbl" |m {c{jb dnbjhwc- P|p djmcp vcbvnlwcm j plw kl `jwml? bc z|l jm{lp ejgj
lp{jkc je ~j lp{jgj lm kcmkl klgj lp{jw-Lp lb jb`cecb3 knac |mj vl`nmj z|l ejgj bblhjkc ejp{j je j yl{n`nm kl bj d|alw" jb
vlwbc {jm djb- P| vcq lwj `cdc |m p|lc ndycpngbl kl gcwwjw- Mn pnz|nlwj ejgj mc{jkc `|mkc
bblh-
Cajb ~ f|lwj lpc? lp dp" `wlc z|l lpc bc j~|k d|`ejp vl`lp j `cm{wcbjw bcp lfl`{cp-
A|m{c j bj `jdj" lm{wl gcwwjkcwlp ~ fwjplp p|lb{jp lm ecajp klpylwknhjkjp" ejgj |mj alwnmhj- b
plh|j dnwmkcpl bjp djmcp- P|p dcvndnlm{cp lwjm `jkj vlq dp jyjhjkcp-
Plwjp `jyjq kl lm{lmklw" pn lp z|l ~c dnpdc pc~ `jyjq kl luybn`w{lbc" d|alw" bc z|l dl
j`jgj kl yjpjw ec~3 Ylwc mc ndycw{j" bc yckwp bllw- ^ lm{cm`lp {ckc `jdgnjw1 {| {wjgjac" ycw
laldybc- ^ `jdgnjwldcp bcp d|lgblp" mcp d|kjwldcp j |mj `jpj dp hwjmkl" z|l {lmhj ycw bc
dlmcp kcp `|jw{cp- Jecwj p" {lmkwldcp jb mnc- Plw dn wlhjbc kl hwj{n{|k ycw lpylwjw {ckcp lp{cp
jcp j dn bjkc `cm {jm{j yj`nlm`nj- Ylwc dl ywlh|m{c1 klgc kl`nw{l bc z|l dl yjp ec~3 Lp `cdc
|m yl`jkc z|l mc p pn klgj `cmflpjw-
Bj d|alw pl ngj j j`lw`jw ylwc {wcylq `cm bj dz|nmj kl lp`wngnw- Jbh|mjp {l`bjp lp{jgjm
{wjgjkjp ejp{j jgjac" ~ lb wcknbbc nmdvnb ~ djw{nbbjkc ejp{j lb `jmpjm`nc lm |m pcbc y|m{c? lb plh|wc
lp{jgj y|lp{c- Z|nm pjgl z| `cpjp" ~ kl z| dckc" ejgj nm{lm{jkc lp`wngnw p| djwnkc- Gnlm- Bjvl`nmj wlhwlpjgj lm lpl dcdlm{c `cm |mj ylz|lj gngbnj- Jdgjp pl jwwcknbbjwcm yjwj lm{cmjw |mj
plwnl kl aj`|bj{cwnjp ycw lb ecdgwl z|l j`jgjgj kl lm{wlhjw p| jbdj-
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N- Lb {cw{|wjkcw kl |m d|mkcLblhnkj lm{wl dnbbjwlp" {l {c` j {n
plwbc" plwbc yjwj lb Kcbcw- Jm mc?
klpkl djjmj plw `cm{nhc |m jw{np{j
klb Kcbcw*
$[jm{jbnj" D-F-
:;
[jm{jbnj f|l lb `|lm{c lblhnkc kl
Dj`lkcmnc Flwmmklq yjwj plw
nm`b|nkc lm bjJm{cbchj kl bj bn{lwj{|wj
fjm{p{n`j kl Gcwhlp" C`jdyc ~
@jpjwlp- Mc `cmc`ldcp bjp wjqcmlp z|l"
ylwpcmjbdlm{l" {|vnlwcm p|p `cdynbjkcwlp yjwj
lblhnw lp{l `|lm{c lm yjw{n`|bjw- Bjp
`bjpnfn`j`ncmlp {wjkn`ncmjblp kl bc fjm{p{n`c
bn{lwjwnc pljbjm lm{wl bjp `|jbnkjklp ywcynjp klb
hmlwc bjp kl" ycw laldybc" pcgwlpjb{jw jb bl`{cw
j {wjvp kl |m el`ec nmpbn{c" c gnlm `cm{jw `cm
lbldlm{cp pcgwlmj{|wjblp" `cdc lpywn{|p c
fjm{jpdjp- Mc bcp ej~ jz|- [jm{jbnj lp
pndybldlm{l |m wlbj{c lu{wjc- Plwj nm`b|pc
ml`lpjwnc lp{|knjwbc yjwj `cmpnklwjwbc `cdc |m
`|lm{c" pn vjdcp j bcp kl{jbblp {`mn`cp- ^j kl
lm{wjkj" bj Jm{cbchj `cmp{n{|~l lm p |m
vcb|dlm fjp`nmjm{l- \mj jbc`jkj plbl``nm kllp`wn{cwlp nm`hmn{cp ~ lu`m{wn`cp- [jdgnm
nm`b|~l" ycw p|y|lp{c" cgwjp kl vjhj
`bjpnfn`j`nm" j dlknc `jdnmc lm{wl hmlwcp-
[jm{jbnj vnlml j plw `cdc |m dcklbc
ywndnhlmnc klb lmpj~c fjm{p{n`c gcwhnjmc- Yjwj
z|nm wl`cwwl ycw ywndlwj vlq lpjp c`ec c
m|lvl bmljp nm{wck|`{cwnjp" bj ndywlpnm lp kl
{c{jb klp`cm`nlw{c- Lb b|hjw z|l c`|yj lm bjJm{cbchj `cm{wng|~l j wlfcwqjw lp{j ywndlwj
ndywlpnm-
Lm {wdnmcp kl nklj" kl `cmp{w|``nm
dlm{jb" mc {lmhc |mj ndjhlm kl Dj`lkcmnc
Flwmmklq- Lb ecdgwl z|l vnvn" plhm Gcwhlp"
lm{wlhjkc j bcp y|wcp klbln{lp klb
ylmpjdnlm{c- Yjwj plw dp ywl`npcp"
Dj`lkcmnc f|l |m ylmpjkcw z|l vnvn
jyjpncmjkc ycw bj nm{|n`nm lunp{lm`njb- @pjw
Flwmmklq Dcwlmc bc klfnml `cdc lb
lunp{nkcw" |mj lu{wjj pm{lpnp kl nkljbnp{j
dl{jfpn`c ~ lp`wn{cw gjwwcz|nqjm{l- J
Dj`lkcmnc p|lblm knp{nmh|wplbl kcp fj`l{jp1
|mj" bj kl fnbpcfc" z|l mc lp {jb ycwz|l b
kl`bjw wlyl{nkjdlm{l z|l mc pndyj{nqjgj `cmbj fwj knp`nybnmj kl bj fnbcpcfj ycpn{nvj- Bj c{wj"
kl j|{cw" `cm bj z|l pcp{|vc |mj b|`ej jhmn`j
ycw kjw lu{lmpnm" ycw {wjk|`nw jb blmh|jal" bjp
fcwdjp kl p| ylmpjdnlm{c- Lp{jp kcp fj`l{jp
pcm" jb fnm ~ jb `jgc" |mj pcbj vnpngbl? bj kl p|
Ycw Djw`c Jm{cmnc D- Dlknmj
Dj`lkcmnc Flwmmklq c lb {wjgjac
kl bj klplp`wn{|wj
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:>5-
$ FLWMMKLQ" Dj`lkcmnc- [lu{cp plbl`{cp" @cwwlhnkcw" G|lmcp Jnwlp" 7995-
$ FLWMMKLQ Dcwlmc" @pjw- 'Lb lunp{nkcw' lm Dj`lkcmnc Flwmmklq" D|plc kl bj Mcvlbj kl bj L{lwmj" J~j$
`|`ec" @jwj`jp" :>57-
$ HJW@J" Hlwdm-Dj`lkcmnc Flwmmklq1 Bj lp`wn{|wj lm cgal{c" Jkwnjmj Enkjbhc Lkn{cwj" G|lmcp Jnwlp" 7999-
$ A[WNO" Mc- 'Bj mcvlbj f|{|wj kl Dj`lkcmnc Flwmmklq' lm1 Lb f|lhc kl bj lpyl`nl" lmpj~cp pcgwl plnp lp`wn{cwlp
jwhlm{nmcp" Pnhbc UUN" G|lmcp Jnwlp" :>8:-
Lp`wgjbl jb j|{cw1 bl{wjy|wy|wjIec{djnb-`cd
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Bllw pbc ej ywcyn`njkc bcp djblp
kl bj e|djmnkjk lm{lwj" {jm{c j
lp`jbj d|mknjb `cdc j lp`jbj
ylwpcmjb- Jbh|nlm z|l pl wlhc`nal
~ jbjwkl kl z|l lp flbnq bl~lmkc" klgl {lmlwpl
ycw plh|wc z|l dnlm{l- Pn gnlm {nlmlm wjqm
jz|lbbcp z|l kn`lm z|l bcp bngwcp pcm vlm{jmjp
jb d|mkc" {jdgnm lp `nlw{c z|l `jkj |mj kl
lbbjp pl mcp `nlwwj lm bj `jwj hcbylmkcmcp `cm
vlwkjklp z|l mnmhm plw wlfblunvc y|lkl
pcycw{jw-Lb pjglw mc y|lkl ywcyn`njw bj flbn`nkjk
kl bjp ylwpcmjp" jbh|nlm z|nlm ywl{lmkj z|l `cm
|m `d|bc kl `cmc`ndnlm{cp cg{lmkw
plh|wnkjk ~ |mj m|gl `cmfcw{jgbl klpkl bj `|jb
yckw vlw jb d|mkc" mn`jdlm{l `cmplh|nw
kjwpl `|lm{j z|l lm{wl dp bll" dlmcp pjgl?
ycwz|l lb `cmc`ndnlm{c" z|l klpkl ej`l
d|`ecp jcp pl jkz|nlwl j {wjvp kl bj bl`{|wj"
lp `cdc dnbbcmlp kl jbfnblwlp z|l pl vjm
`bjvjmkc lm bj ynlb ~ jm{l lb nm{lm{c kl dcvlwpl"
`jdgnjw kl ycpn`nm c nm{lm{jw pj`jwbcp" pbc pl
`cmplh|nw j`wl`lm{jw lb kcbcw kl pjglwpl
dlmcp ~ dp nhmcwjm{l jb dnpdc {nldyc-
Ycw pn f|lwj yc`c" bj ylwpcmj z|l
`cdnlmqj j bllw ~ klp`|gwl z|l bj j`{nvnkjk bl
jhwjkj" klpy|p kl fcdlm{jwbc `cdc |m egn{c"
lm jbhm nmp{jm{l plm{nw lb h|pjmnbbc kl bj
ndjhnmj`nm `jw`cdnmkcbl lb ylmpjdnlm{c ~
{lwdnmjw lp`wngnlmkc p|p ywcynjp enp{cwnjp"
fcwdmkcpl |m `w`|bc nmfnmn{c kl lp`wn{cp z|l
g|p`jm bl`{cwlp" kl bl`{cwlp z|l bcp bllm ~ kl
m|lvcp lp`wn{cp lm g|p`j kl dp bl`{cwlp" yjwj
z|l klpy|p" kl {jm{c bllw ~ lp`wngnw" pl {lwdnml
`nlhc `cdc |m Gcwhlp `|jbz|nlwj-Bcp laldybcp z|l lmdjw`jm bjp vnkjp
{cwdlm{cpjp kl z|nlmlp j`cp{|dgwjm bllw
jg|mkjm j bc bjwhc kl bj enp{cwnj? el jbb lb `jpc
kl bj ycgwl Pcw A|jmj" z|nlm f|l |mj v`{ndj
dp klb vn`nc kl bj bl`{|wj" {wj~mkcbl klphwj`njp
~ p|fwndnlm{cp- Ywndlwc" ycwz|l {|vc z|l
wlpnhmjwpl j bj mlhj`nm pc`njb z|l bl ndylkj
jpnp{nw j bj lp`|lbj- Klpy|p" jb ejglw
`cmplh|nkc %c z|nqp kjkc. bcp fjvcwlp klb
vnwwl~ ~c kl bj vnwwlnmj %z|l yjwj lb `jpc lp bc
kl dlmcp. ~ ejglw lm{wjkc jb `cmvlm{c kl Pjm
Alwmndc" lm kcmkl pl bl ylwdn{n {lmlw
jycplm{cp jblajkcp klb wlp{c kl p|p `cdyjlwjp
:>
Ycw Ojwnmj Ycpjkjp [cwwnacp
Pcgwl bj nmpjmj kl bllw
El kl jkvlw{nw jb jdjgbl bl`{cw z|l mc" mc dl el lz|nvc`jkc `cm lb {ldj ywcy|lp{c lm {jm ylwm`bn{j
y|gbn`j`nm- Pc~ yblmjdlm{l `cmp`nlm{l kl z|l bj `cbjgcwj`nm hnwj lm {cwmc jb {wjgjac kl bj lp`wn{|wj" pnm
ldgjwhc" `wlc fnwdldlm{l z|l ejgbjw pcgwl bjp vn`npn{|klp kl lp{l jw{l" lp ejgbjw" jm{lp z|l mjkj" kl bc c{wc"
kl lpj j`{nvnkjk yj`fn`j kl pcp{lmlw fwlm{l j bcp cacp %c klgjac kl bcp klkcp c vngwjmkc `lw`j klb ckc. |m
bngwc- Lpl jw{lfj`{c kldcmnj`c z|l bblvj j bcp dp jvlqjkcp" j bblmjw kl yjbjgwjp ecajp lm gbjm`c-
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Ojwnmj Ycpjkjp [cwwnacp
~ `cm lb ywnvnblhnc kl {lmlw bngwcp ywcengnkcp
wlhjbjkcp ycw p|p jdnp{jklp" p|fwn lb `jp{nhc kl
ylwklw p| gngbnc{l`j" ywl`npjdlm{l ycwz|l
{jdgnm `cdlmq j fcdlm{jw jz|lb c{wc vn`nc
klb `|jb ~j `cdlm{gjdcp1 bj lp`wn{|wj-
Lm{cm`lp" c`|wwn z|l jbhm cgnpyc dnphnmc"
cflmknkc ycwz|l Pcw A|jmj bl knac z|l lwj |m
lp{ynkc" pnldywl gjac bj wl{wn`j gjwwc`j ~
lw|kn{j z|l knp{nmh|j j {jm nmflbnq d|alw" pl
enqc j`wllkcwj j bj klp{n{|`nm kl {ckc p|
j`lwvc gngbnchwfn`c- Ynlmpl" jdjgbl bl`{cw" lm
lb p|fwndnlm{c kl |m jgp{ldnc? y|lp jb nh|jb z|lb" Pcw A|jmj f|l p|dnkj lm |mj klywlpnm z|l
{lwdnm `cm p| ywcbnaj cgwj ~ `cm p| vnkj- Jp
kl ylbnhwcpc lp {cyjwpl `cm |mc kl lpcp
jw{lfj`{cp bbjdjkcp bngwcp-
Pnm ldgjwhc" ylpl j p{j ~ c{wjp
enp{cwnjp pndnbjwlp" wlp|b{j `cdm vlw bcp djblp
z|l jz|lajm j bcp c{wcp" {jm jalmcp" `wl~lmkc
z|l lpc ajdp yckwj c`|wwnw lm m|lp{wc plmc
fjdnbnjw- Ywl`npjdlm{l lp{c ylmpjgjm dnp
yjkwlp" z|nlmlp `jpn klpfjbbl`lm jb vlw p|p
lpylwjmqjp wc{jp ycw lp{l djb z|l ~c ejgj
jkz|nwnkc z|nm pjgl `|mkc" z|nm pjgl `dc
~ z|nm pjgl kmkl- Wl`|lwkc {ckjvj z|l dn
djkwl" `cdc {ckjp bjp djkwlp nmc`lm{lp z|l
nm{lm{jm pldgwjw lm p|p enacp bj pldnbbn{j kl bj`|b{|wj ~ bj plmpngnbnkjk" {cdjgj lb Wljklwp
Knhlp{klb dlp ~" jm{lp kl jgjmkcmjwdl lm bcp
gwjqcp kl Dcwflc" blj" jm{lp kl z|l ~c p|ynlwj
pnz|nlwj z| lwjm bjp yjbjgwjp" jbh|mj bl`{|wnbbj
kl hwjmklp ywclqjp e|djmjp-
@cmfnlpc z|l dn djkwl mc {|vc `|byj
jbh|mj kl dnp nm`bnmj`ncmlp" y|lp" jb fnm ~ jb
`jgc" bcp Wljklwp Knhlp{ pcm nmcflmpnvcp- P|
pndybn`nkjk mc ywl{lmkl `wljw `cmfbn`{cp
lunp{lm`njblp" mn`jdlm{l g|p`jm gwnmkjw lb
jyc~c p|ylwj`ncmjb z|l {ckc e|djmc mcwdjb
ml`lpn{j- Ylwc" ~j dp jklm{wjkj lm lkjk"
klpy|p kl ejglwdl jblajkc kl bjp wlvnp{jp kl
`cpjp yjwjmcwdjblp z|l {jm{j yjwjmcnj dl
klajgjm" |m kj" dcvnkj ycw lb nmfb|ac
kldcmnj`c kl B|`nflw" vn jz|lb bngwc kl yjp{jp
wcajp z|l pbc {lmj lm bj ycw{jkj bj yjbjgwjD|alw`n{jp- ^c" j z|nlm pnldywl lb dnp{lwnc ej
klpylw{jkc `|wncpnkjk %{wjkq`jpl1 lb `enpdl."
bc ylk j dn g|lmj djkwl z|l mc k|k lm
`cdywjwbc" jm pnm pjglw lb kjc {lwwngbl z|l
dl lp{jgj ej`nlmkc-
Klpy|p kl lpl" pnh|n c{wc bngwc ~
b|lhc c{wc ~ b|lhc c{wc- ^ lm{wl dp blj"
dlmcp dl h|p{jgj dn dcm{cmj vnkj" bj vnkj
kl bcp c{wcp ~ lb `j|pl klb d|mkc- @cdlmqjgj
j ej`lw ywlh|m{jp z|l klpz|n`njgjm bj
{wjmz|nbnkjk kl dn echjw- Lm |m nm{lm{c
klplpylwjkc ycw wlkndnw p| lwwcw" dn djkwl
`cdlmq j `cdywjw wlvnp{jp kl knv|bhj`nm
`nlm{fn`j" lpylwjmkc z|l `cm lpc bl~lwj `cpjp
dlmcp ylw{|wgjm{lp-Lb kjc lp{jgj el`ec1 lm dlknc kl bjp
bhwndjp kl dn ywchlmn{cwj ~ bcp hwn{cp kl dn
yjkwl" bcp lp`jpcp bngwcp ejgjm pnkc `jp{nhjkcp
lm |m wnm`m ycw ejglwdl kjkc bj nklj kl
lp{|knjw bn{lwj{|wj" kl klp{w|nw jb d|mkc ~" kl
79
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21/45
yjpc" `cmp{w|nw |mc m|lvc- Bj nklj kl
ywlp|dnwblp j p|p jdnp{jklp j p| enaj `nw|ajmj"
jwz|n{l`{j c jgchjkj pl knb|j lm{wl bcp
djdc{wl{cp z|l ngjm nmvjknlmkc {ckj bj `jpj-
Lp{|knjp{l bc z|l z|lwjp" knwm
jbh|mcp- P" ylwc j z| ywl`nc* ^j mc y|lkc nw
ycw bjp `jbblp ~ lm{lwml`lwdl `cm `jkj ylz|lc
z|l wl{cqj lm bcp gwjqcp kl p|p yjkwlp- Mc
y|lkc pcp{lmlw `cmvlwpj`ncmlp kcmkl" jm{l bjp
klpvlm{|wjp ~ djbjp `ejwjkjp" jbhm
nm{lwbc`|{cw lpylwj z|l ~c bl ywcfnlwj yjbjgwjp
kl jbnlm{c ~ cy{ndnpdc- %Yjwj z| kl`nwbjp pn ~cdnpdj ~j mn dl bjp `wlc3.- Ycwz|l dl kc~
`|lm{j z|l y|lkc dcwnw pnm ejglw {lmnkc enacp"
pnm ejglw pldgwjkc |m wgcb ~ pnm ejglw lp`wn{c
|m bngwc %j|mz|l dn yb|dj nmpnp{j lm klp{nbjw
bn{wcp kl {nm{j.? ~ ycwz|l pl ej v|lb{c
nm{wjp`lmklm{l j`|d|bjw fcw{|mj" `cmplh|nw |m
{wjgjac ycklwcpc" `cdywjw |mj `jpj hwjmkl ~
|m j|{c kl b|ac- Ycwz|l jb klp`|gwnw lb d|mkc
klpkl {jm{jp ylwpyl`{nvjp" el jywlmknkc j
cknjwbc ~ j {lmlw lb hwjmn{c kl lpylwjmqj z|l dl
bblvj j `cmfwcm{jwdl `jkj mc`el `cmdnhc
dnpdj" g|p`jmkc |mj pcb|`nm yjwj pjbvjwbc"
`cm`b|~lmkc pnldywl lm klp{w|nwbc-
Bllw lp p|fwnw j knjwnc- Kjwpl `|lm{j z|l
{ckcp bcp kjp pl jhcmnqj- ^ bcp bngwcp plv|lbvlm lb mn`c jfl`{c kl vjbcw z|l mcp
lmjalmj yjwj pcycw{jw lb jdjml`lw klb pnh|nlm{l
kj- Lunp{l lb jdcw" dl knw |p{lk" lb jdcw
pnwvl kl jbn`nlm{l yjwj pcycw{jw {jblp klpkn`ejp
~ vlmkw j`cdyjjkc kl bcp glpcp" bcp
nmc`lm{lp ~ bcp jyjpncmjkcp" bcp yjplcp kl bj
djmc" lb yl`ec kcmkl pl jplh|wjm m|lp{wcp
dnlkcp" bcp p|lcp `cdyjw{nkcp" bjp `jwn`njp
pl`wl{jp ~ lm{cm`lp" `cdc {ckcp bcp vn`ncp z|l
jfl`{jm j z|nlmlp wckljm jb jkn`{c" {jwkl c
{ldywjmc" `cm bj `cmfnjmqj ~ fjdnbnjwnkjk klb
mcvnjqhc" jbh|mc kl bcp jdjm{lp cpj
ywlh|m{jwbl jb c{wc1 Ywp{jdl lp{l bngwc3-
Djbkn{j plj m|lp{wj p|lw{l" ycwz|l lb
p|fwndnlm{c v|lbvl- Pcpyl`ejp Mc* [nlmlp bj
`lw{lqj kl z|l lb [ckcycklwcpc lp{ a|hjmkc
`cm{nhc ~ y|lklp plm{nw `dc {l jwwjm`j bjp jbjpyjwj vcbvlw jb d|mkc" a|m{c `cm bj gcfl{jkj
z|l pjglp ycml j yw|lgj jb jdcw" lb `|jb
p|ycmkwj lm{wlhj {c{jb ~ `cmfnjmqj- Lm{cm`lp"
{l vlp `cdywcdl{nkc j pcb{jw jbhm laldybjw lm
bjp djmcp klb jdjkc yjwj kldcp{wjwbl z|l pl bl
jdj- Pnm ldgjwhc" ylpl jb jdcw bc`c ~
jyjpncmjkc" klpy|p kl klajw kl plm{nw bjp
yjp{jp p|al{jp `cm bcp klkcp" pl jgwlm m|lp{wcp
bjgncp yjwj kl`nw |m1 Ylwc lp dc" le" ~ pj`jw
klb gcbpnbbc |m `cm{wj{c kl ywp{jdc kcmkl" lm
lb `jpc kl z|l lb jdcw pl fnmnz|n{l" bj c{wj
ylwpcmj {lmhj z|l lm{wlhjw bj dn{jk kl {ckj p|
gngbnc{l`j" pn jb dcdlm{c kl {lwdnmjkj bj
wlbj`nm" ycpll j|mz|l plj |m pcbc laldybjw kl
m|lp{wj ywcynlkjk-@cmfnlpc z|l ~c bc el el`ec ~ mc
ycwz|l plj lhcp{j" mn d|`ec dlmcp z|nlwl
kl`nw z|l mc jdl `cm lb `cwjqm j dn jdjkc"
z|nlm ej pnkc bj lp`|pj yjwj lmflwdjwdl kl
b n w n pdc- Bj luyb n`j` nm wjk n`j lm z|l "
7:
Pcgwl bj nmpjmj kl bllw
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22/45
Ojwnmj Ycpjkjp [cwwnacp
pndybldlm{l" `cdc bcp jb`cebn`cp" bj `|byj mc
lp klb lmflwdc" pnmc kl lp{j lpyjm{cpj
lmflwdlkjk z|l dl ndynkl ylmpjw `cm `bjwnkjk-
Ycw klphwj`nj" lb vn`nc ~ bj djbj
`cp{|dgwl kl bllw" mc {nlmlm wldlknc- Bc el
nm{lm{jkc {ckc" nm`b|pc z|ldjw dn gngbnc{l`j-
Ej~ mc`elp lm z|l lp{c~ kl`nknkj j ycmlw fnm j
{ckc lp{c ~ {wj{jw kl vcbvlw j bj plmkj klb gnlm ~
bj mcwdjbnkjk" ylwc `|jmkc {lmhc lb
lm`lmklkcw lm bj djmc" pnlmkc bj mn`j
nb|dnmj`nm klb b|hjw" ~ klac `jlw pcgwl d lpj
b|q bh|gwl kcmkl pl klvlbjm dnp cacpkldlm{lp j bj Jw`engjbkc kl bj @w|q"
ywc{jhcmnp{j kl Lmpj~c kl |m `wndlm kl B|np
G||lb" z|l ycw `nlw{c" laldybc dp kl bcp
djblp z|l klaj bj bl`{|wj" jb ywcvc`jw bj
lmldnp{jk lm{wl lb j|{cw kl bj mcvlbj" \pnhbn" ~
lb `nmljp{j---
G|lmc" `cdc plj" ~j `cm lb bngwc lm bj
djmc kcmkl pl kjw nmn`nc jb nm`lmknc" a|wc z|l
y|lkc vlw @wjdl*" y|lkc vlw j wp|bj
G|lmkj wl`cwwlw bj `jpj ~ dl pnhc ywlh|m{jmkc
pn lm vlwkjk lp{jw `nlhj? c j Jdjwjm{j G|lmkj
~ j Ylmbcyl {lanlmkc ~ klp{lanlmkc a|m{jp p|p
dcw{jajp? j Fcw{|mj{j ~ Aj`nm{j ylblmkcpl ycw
|m A|jmn{c `|jbz|nlwj? j Wjpocbmnocv ylwknlmkc
bj `cwk|wj ycw ejglw klajkc `jlw p| dj`el{lpcgwl bj nmc`lm{l elwdjmj kl bj |p|wlwj" d|lw{j
{jdgnm ylwc pnm wldcwkndnlm{cp? j Jz|nblp
ylwpnh|nlmkc j E`{cw ycw bj cflmpj ywcflwnkj?
jb Wl~ Bljw `cm @cwklbnj" ~j d|lw{j" lm bcp
gwjqcp? jb ecdgwl z|l vcdn{j `cmlan{cp? jb z|l
bl vlmklm |m bngwc kl jwlmj? jb z|l dj{ j c{wc
z|nm pjgl ycw z|? jb Cwbjmkc pnldywl f|wncpc
~ jb @nk `jdyljkcw? jb Fj|p{c" jb Kcm A|jm ~ j
Jb{jqcw `j~lmkc ^ lp`|`ejw j Pelwlqjkj
`cm{jmkc |mc kl lpcp `|lm{cp nm{lwdnmjgblp
yjwj pjbvjw p| vnkj |mj mc`el dp? ~ bj vjblm{j
kl Mjmje|j{qnm jb nmdcbjwpl lm bj ynwj yjwj
p|whnw djalp{|cpc `cdc lb pcb? ~ bjp d|alw`n{jp?
~ j [w|djm @jyc{l ybj{n`jmkc `cm p| jdcw
jplpnmc? ~ j Kjm{l `jm{mkcbl j Glj{wnq? ~
Gc`j``nc `cm p|p enp{cwnjp nmkl`lm{lp? ~ jb
Djwz|p `cm p|p enp{cwnjp jm dp nmkl`lm{lp?~ lb yclpj lwlp {? ~ lb ~c mc bc p kl
`nlw{c? ~ lb gnlmjvlm{|wjkcp bcp z|l p|fwlm? ~
lb Wdyl{l `cwjqm*? ~ lb jd jd? ~
Bllw mc klaj mnmhm glmlfn`nc- Pbc `wlj
{cwdlm{cp" nmfnmn{jp k|kjp" d|~ yc`jp pcmwnpjp"
~ lm d|`ejp c`jpncmlp y|l{jqcp pcgwl lb
wcp{wc- Ylpl j lbbc" lb hcgnlwmc ~ bjp ylwpcmjp pl
z|lajm ycw lb gjac mnvlb kl bl`{|wj lm lb yjp"
ycw lb lp`jpc vc`jg|bjwnc kl bcp mncp ~
avlmlp" ycw lb klpnm{lwp lm bj `|b{|wj- Z| mc
pl kjm `|lm{j z|l pl luycml j m|lp{wcp mncp j
|m hwjm ylbnhwc3 J`jpc z|nlwlm" lm lb j`{c dp
hwjmkl kl dnpjm{wcyj" wcdylw bj g|wg|aj kl bj
flbn`nkjk nhmcwjm{l" z|n{jwblp bj kn`ej kl mc
pjglw mjkj ~ bj ycpngnbnkjk kl vnvnw lm lb ybj`lwklb j|{cdj{npdc3
Ylmpldcp lm lbbcp" lm bcp avlmlp j z|nlmlp
yckldcp pjbvjw kl {jm {lwwngbl vn`nc" ycwz|l bjp
ylwpcmjp `cdc ~c pjgldcp" z|l lp{l djb mcp
bblvj j ylbljw `cm{wj dcbnmcp kl vnlm{c-
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\mj vlq lm |mj `bjpl kl
bn{lwj{|wj dlm`ncmjwcm z|l
|mj lp`wn{cwj `cdlm{ lm |mj
c`jpnm1 Lp`wngnw lp |m
p|fwndnlm{c- Ejp{j lpl dcdlm{c" ~c m|m`j bc
ejgj ylmpjkc kl lpj djmlwj" y|lp{c z|l yjwj
d" lb cfn`nc kl bj lp`wn{|wj lwj |m ybj`lw" |mj
ycpngnbnkjk kl lp`jyjwdl j c{wcp d|mkcp"jz|lbbcp z|l ~c pnldywl z|npl vnvnw jb a|m{jw
{ckjp bjp jvlm{|wjp blkjp lm bcp knflwlm{lp
bngwcp kl bn{lwj{|wj fjm{p{n`j" jp `cdc kl bcp
jmndlp z|l vn k|wjm{l dn nmfjm`nj-
^ ylmp1 `wlc z|l `jkj z|nlm {nlml p|
djmlwj kl vnvnw bj lp`wn{|wj- @cnm`nkc lm z|l j
vl`lp lp |m p|fwndnlm{c1 ybjmljw enp{cwnjp ~ z|l
kl ywcm{c pl pjbhjm kl `cm{wcb" kmkc{l
pcwywlpjp z|l mc lpylwjgjp" mc lp mjkj hwj{c- ^
lp{c lp bc z|l dl bblvj j `cmpnklwjw lm
c`jpncmlp z|l bj enp{cwnj lp bj z|l bblhj j {n" yjwj
z|l { pljp bj vcq kl bj enp{cwnj ~ mc jb wlvp
`cdc d|`ejp vl`lp ylmpjdcp1 z|l |m lp`wn{cw
lp lb knwl`{cw kl jz|lbbj cgwj-
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djbkn`nm kl Wcdj" mcvlbj z|l pl y|gbn`j `jkj
{jm{c lm lp{j wlvnp{j- P|ycmhc z|l d|`ecp kl
bcp bl`{cwlp pl ejm kl ywlh|m{jw `dc p|whn
pldlajm{l enp{cwnj- Y|lp gnlm" blp `cm{jw- [lmj
:; jcp" lwjm bjp kc`l kl bj mc`el ~ mc yckj
kcwdnw- [wj{jmkc kl enbjw ndhlmlp" kl ywcm{c
vn |mj ycw{jkj lm dnp ylmpjdnlm{cp a|p{c `cm
lpl {{|bc ~ dl kl`nk j jgwnwbc1 bjp yjbjgwjp
`cdlmqjwcm j p|whnw lm dn `jglqj ~ kl lp{j
djmlwj lp `cdc `cdlmq j `cmp{w|nwpl bj
enp{cwnj-
@cdc dl h|p{jgj {jm{c" ldyl` j wj~jw
kl{wp kl dnp bngwl{jp c lm jbh|mjp ecajp vj`jp
bjp bmljp `cwwlpycmknlm{lp" `cdlm` j lpgcqjwlp`lmjwncp ~" `bjwc" mc yjwjgj kl `cm{jwdl bj
enp{cwnj lm dn `jglqj" `cdc el vlmnkc
ej`nmkcbc {ckc lp{l {nldyc-
Mcwdjbdlm{l yjwj lp`wngnw" klpkl lpl
lm{cm`lp" |{nbnqc dpn`j yjwj klp`wngnw bjp
j``ncmlp" bcp yjnpjalp ~ bjp plmpj`ncmlp" ycw bc
z|l `cmfc d|`ec lm dn wlywck|`{cw kl
dpn`j- ^ `|jmkc jmkc lm bj `jbbl" yjwj
klp`|gwnw m|lvjp ndhlmlp c plmpj`ncmlp"
pnldywl jmkc lp`|`ejmkc dpn`j-
J djmc c `cdy|{jkcwj3
El `cmc`nkc j d|`ej hlm{l z|l {ckjp
p|p bmljp `cdnlmqj j lp`wngnwbjp fwlm{l j bj
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yjwl`lw" lp |m yc`c jwwnlphjkc y|lp{c z|l el
ylwknkc cgwjp kl lpj djmlwj" ycw bc z|l" lm bj
dlknkj kl bc ycpngbl" lp`wngc dlacw ywndlwc j
djmc ~ klpy|p yjpc bj enp{cwnj `cm {ckjp p|p
jmc{j`ncmlp kl bjp bngwl{jp j `cdy|{jkcwj-
[lmhc d|`ecp gcwwjkcwlp" lpc mc bc vc~
j mlhjw" ylwc mc bcp {nwjwj ycw mjkj klb d|mkc
70
Ycw Jblajmkwj @- B-
Dn cfn`nc kl lp`wngnw
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24/45
Jblajmkwj @- B-
j bj gjp|wj" y|lp{c z|l j dn `cmpnklwj`nm lp
knvlw{nkc vlw `dc {l lz|nvc`jp{l" `el`jw bcp
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z|nlwc lp{c? yjwj b|lhc {cdjwbc lm `|lm{j
`|jmkc bc yjpjp j bj `cdy|{jkcwj- Jkldp"
`wlc z|l jb vlwnfn`jw {|p gcwwjkcwlp" {l y|lklp
ylw`j{jw kl nmdlknj{c pcgwl bc z|l y|lklp
dlacwjw ~ bc z|l mc" `cpj z|l mc p|`lkl `cm bj
`cdy|{jkcwj" y|lp{c z|l `|jmkc gcwwjp lp yjwj
pnldywl ~ pn z|nlwlp vcbvlw j `cbc`jw |mj fwjpl
z|l {l h|p{" lp ywcgjgbl z|l ~j mc bj
wl`|lwklp-Ylwpcmjalp
@wlc z|l bcp ylwpcmjalp {nlmlm bj lplm`nj
kl bjp ylwpcmjp z|l `cmc`ldcp j m|lp{wc
jbwlklkcw c |m dcklbc j plh|nw ~ z|nlm dl knhj
z|l mc" lp ycwz|l mc pl ej y|lp{c j jmjbnqjw j
ywcf|mknkjk p|p ylwpcmjalp" y|lp{c z|l mc
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ylwpcmjbnkjk kl |mc kl dnp dlacwlp jdnhcp"
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bj `wl j yjw{nw kl bcp wjphcp fpn`cp klp`wn{cp lm
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d|`ec" ycwz|l lp gnlm `nlw{c jz|lbbc z|l dl
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d|`ejp vl`lp y|lkl `cdl{lwpl lb lwwcw kl
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8Bj bl~lmkj klb `l{wc dhn`c
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Kl z| lp{np ejgbjmkc3ywlh|m{ Jklbj jp|p{jkj-
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Jblajmkwj @- B-
cwklmjmkc bjp fl`ejp kl mj`ndnlm{c ~ klf|m`ncmlp-
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Bj djbkn`nm kl Wcdj- @jy{|bc 8- Bj bl~lmkj klb `l{wc dhn`c
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Jblajmkwj @- B-
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Bj djbkn`nm kl Wcdj- @jy{|bc 8- Bj bl~lmkj klb `l{wc dhn`c
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j {ckcp ej`nj f|lwj ycw dlknc kl bj djhnj" luybn`mkcblp kl bj djbkn`nm z|l pl `lwmj pcgwl p|
djkwl- Jb bblhjw jb `jww|jal" Dnbkwlk pl {wjmpfcwd {jdgnm ylwc" j knflwlm`nj kl p| djkwl" j lbbj bl
pjbnlwcm jbjp ~ p| wcp{wc jmhlbn`jb pl nb|dnm-
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Bj djbkn`nm kl Wcdj- @jy{|bc 8- Bj bl~lmkj klb `l{wc dhn`c
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nmdlknj{jdlm{l-
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Jblajmkwj @- B-
Ycw z| bc en`np{lnp3wl`bjd Djwj klpy|p z|l lb el`enqc pl e|gnlwj klpvjml`nkc" pnm
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Bj djbkn`nm kl Wcdj- @jy{|bc 8- Bj bl~lmkj klb `l{wc dhn`c
ycw bj fcwdj lm `dc Ujvnlw ejgj `enbbjkc dcdlm{cp klpy|p z|l Jklbj j`jgjwj kl dlm`ncmjwbl
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Jblajmkwj @- B-
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Bj djbkn`nm kl Wcdj- @jy{|bc 8- Bj bl~lmkj klb `l{wc dhn`c
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lm p|p cacp ~ vlp{nkj `cm |mj {mn`j mlhwj" pnmc {jdgnm ycwz|l j{wp kl bj d|alw ejgj dnblp kl
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`cdlmqjwcm j `jlw klb fcmkc klb `|jkwc" klpej`nmkcbc- Lb lz|nyc Gjbqj` lp{jgj j{mn{c jm{l bc
z|l j`jgjgj kl j`cm{l`lw ~ Djwj `cm |mj lu{wjj flbn`nkjk" z|l mc lm{lmkj" `cdlmq j gjnbjw ~
kjw v|lb{jp dnlm{wjp bcp ylwhjdnmcp `jjm jb p|lbc `cdc bjp ecajp kl bcp wgcblp lm c{cc- @|jmkc{lwdnmjwcm kl `jlw bcp dnblp kl ylwhjdnmcp" Djwj ~ bcp kldp `cdlmqjwcm j a|m{jwbcp- Jbh|mcp
{lmjm kng|acp" c{wcp vjwncp lp`wn{cp ~ |mcp {jm{cp nm`b|jm {{|bcp nm{lwlpjm{lp lm bj{m- Jb {lwdnmjw
kl a|m{jwbjp jpldlajgj |m `|jklwmnbbc kl dnblp kl ecajp-
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Jblajmkwj @- B-
Ylwc ~c bj ynm{|wj" jp z|l Knpfw|{ldcp a|m{cp* lu`bjd Ujvnlw jgwjqjmkc j Djwj
yjwj kjw klpy|p pjb{cp-
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v|lp{wjp ecajpdlm`ncm Djw{ej `cm |mj pcmwnpj `|jmkc pl bjp lm{wlh j Djwj-
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jmpncpj ycw pjglw p| `cm{lmnkc1
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ycw pnldywl" ycw ejglwbj klpylw{jkc*
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`cm{nm|j`nm bl~ bj `n{j-
Plw lb bngwc kl bjp ywcfl`jp kl Jwdjmkc Gjbqj`3 nm{lwwch Ujvnlw `|jmkc `cm`b|~
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ywcfl`jp kl Jwdjmkc" lp`wn{jp ej`j :7>8 jcp- @cdlmq j ecaljw `|jmkc p|gjm jb `jww|jal- ^j
jklm{wc" Djwj pl pcwywlmkj `jkj vlq dp jb lm`cm{wjw nmfnmnkjk kl kng|acp pcgwl lpyjkjp" jmnbbcp l
nm`b|pc pcgwl bj djbl{j kl `wnp{jb z|l Djw{ej |{nbnqjgj- Ylwc kl bc z|l dp pl luybn`jgj lwj klb `l{wc
dhn`c" pcgwl p|p yjw{lp" bcp el`enqcp z|l yckjm wljbnqjwpl `cm b ~ bcp lfl`{cp kl bcp dnpdcp lm lb
el`en`lwc z|l bc |{nbnqjw- @|jmkc Nvm pl j`lw`" Djwj blj wynkjdlm{l lb el`enqc dp yc{lm{lz|l yckj ej`lw jz|b g`|bc" |m el`enqc z|l yckj j`jgjw `cm bj vnkj kl z|nlm bc ycpl~lwj jb
dcdlm{c kl ej`lwbc1 lb bbjdjkc D|`ej Dnplwnj-
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;;
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kl 79:7Glp{njwnc
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Pl kn`l" pl w|dcwj"
ncpc-
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