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DISTRICT NOWSHERADISTRICT NOWSHERARESOURCES, PROBLEMSRESOURCES, PROBLEMS& PROSPECTS& PROSPECTS

ByBy Atta Atta--urur--RahmanRahman,, Aamir Aamir HussainHussain

&&Prof. Dr. Mohammad SaidProf. Dr. Mohammad Said

NowsheraNowshera Rural DevelopmentRural Development

FoundationFoundation

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 A. A.Geographical Setting:Geographical Setting:Surroundings:Surroundings:

1. Total Area1. Total Area 1748 sq. kms1748 sq. kms

2. Population2. Population 8,74,3738,74,373

3. Density of Population3. Density of Population 500 per sq. km.500 per sq. km.

4. Annual Growth4. Annual Growth 2.9%2.9%

5. Literacy Ratio5. Literacy Ratio 42%42% (60% Male &(60% Male &22% Female)22% Female)

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Surroundings:

Bounded by

Peshawar,

Charsadda,

Mardan &

Swabi Districts;Tribal territory

and Attock

district of the

Punjab

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 A. A.Geographical Setting:Geographical Setting:

1. Total Area1. Total Area 1748 sq. kms1748 sq. kms

2. Population2. Population 8,74,3738,74,373

3. Density of Population3. Density of Population 500 per sq. km.500 per sq. km.

4. Annual Growth4. Annual Growth 2.9%2.9%

5. Literacy Ratio5. Literacy Ratio 42%42% (60% Male &(60% Male &22% Female)22% Female)

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6. Rural Population.6. Rural Population. 6,47,343 (74%)6,47,343 (74%)

7. Urban7. Urban 2,27,030 (26%)2,27,030 (26%)

8. Population of Major Urban centres8. Population of Major Urban centres

Nowshera KalanNowshera Kalan 56,57656,576 Risalpur Cantt.Risalpur Cantt. 31,41631,416

Nowshera Cantt.Nowshera Cantt. 33, 23733, 237

PabbiPabbi 31,15331,153

JehangiraJehangira 31,11531,115  Amangarh Amangarh 21,47621,476

 Akora Khattak Akora Khattak 19,53019,530

Cherat Cantt.Cherat Cantt. 2,5272,527

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NATURAL REGIONSNATURAL REGIONS

1. Khattak Highlands1. Khattak Highlands2. Piedmont Plains2. Piedmont Plains3. River Plains3. River Plains

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B.B. Natural RegionsNatural Regions

1.1. Khattak Highlands:Khattak Highlands:   East East--west alignment west alignment 

   Height 1000Height 1000--2000m.2000m.

   SoilSoil    generally rocky without any soil cover.generally rocky without any soil cover.   Cold Winters and Warm summer; RainfallCold Winters and Warm summer; Rainfall   

630mm (Cherat)630mm (Cherat)

   Scattered distribution of SpringsScattered distribution of Springs

   Very Sparsely Populated Very Sparsely Populated

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.

2.2. Piedmont Plains:Piedmont Plains:  

Distribution: on both sides of KhattakDistribution: on both sides of KhattakMountains.Mountains.

   Width, 5Width, 5--20 km.20 km.

   CompositionComposition--Alluvial fans joined together, Alluvial fans joined together,

cut by torrents.cut by torrents.   SoilsSoils-- gravelly loamy.gravelly loamy.

   Mild Winter and hot summer; RainfallMild Winter and hot summer; Rainfall500mm500mm

   Scattered pockets of agricultural landScattered pockets of agricultural landdependent on raindependent on rain

   Sparsely PopulatedSparsely Populated

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3. River Plains:3. River Plains:

    Along Kabul & Indus Rivers. Along Kabul & Indus Rivers.   WidthWidth-- 1 km to 30 km.1 km to 30 km.

   Soils: Alluvium.Soils: Alluvium.

  Mild winter and very hot summer;Mild winter and very hot summer;rainfall 597mm (Risalpur)rainfall 597mm (Risalpur)

   Partly flooded in summer.Partly flooded in summer.

   High WaterHigh Water--table.table.

   Intensive Agriculture.Intensive Agriculture.

   Densely PopulatedDensely Populated

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C. KHATTAK UPLANDS &C. KHATTAK UPLANDS &

PIEDMONT PLAINSPIEDMONT PLAINS1. Paleo1. Paleo--environment:environment:

   Subtropical Forests on Mountains, withSubtropical Forests on Mountains, with

patches of Pinepatches of Pine

   Scrubs and Pastures on Piedmont Plains.Scrubs and Pastures on Piedmont Plains.

   DeepDeep--Soil cover.Soil cover.

   Abundant Perennial springs. Abundant Perennial springs.   Settlements.Settlements.

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2. Economy of the Past2. Economy of the Past

11. Tree. Tree--cuttingcutting

a. Timber for construction.a. Timber for construction.b. Fire woodb. Fire wood

   For domestic useFor domestic use

   For Railway locomotivesFor Railway locomotives

c. Charcoalc. Charcoal   For cookingFor cooking

   For cottage industriesFor cottage industries

d. Animal grazing

   Dairy products: Milk, Butter & GheeDairy products: Milk, Butter & Ghee

   MeatMeat

   Skin & hidesSkin & hides

   WoolWool

e. Dry farming, with pockets irrigated by springs &e. Dry farming, with pockets irrigated by springs &

torrentstorrents

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3. Environmental Changes in3. Environmental Changes in

the20

th Centurythe20

th Century1. Massive Deforestation due to the1. Massive Deforestation due to theintroduction of railways in 1880s.introduction of railways in 1880s.

2. Forest survives:2. Forest survives:

   In Reserves: Cherat Cantonment and Khwara areaIn Reserves: Cherat Cantonment and Khwara area   Around Holy Shrines: Bahadar Baba, Mast Baba & Around Holy Shrines: Bahadar Baba, Mast Baba &

Ghalib BabaGhalib Baba

3. Soil Erosion3. Soil Erosion

   Making barren landscapeMaking barren landscape   Producing badland topographyProducing badland topography

4. Fall in Water table: Impact on water level in4. Fall in Water table: Impact on water level inwellswells

5. Drying of spring: Impact on water supply5. Drying of spring: Impact on water supply

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4. Impact of Environmental4. Impact of Environmental

ChangesChangesa. Migration of people to the nearest a. Migration of people to the nearest urban centres:urban centres: NowsheraNowshera

PabbiPabbi  Akora Khattak Akora Khattak JehangiraJehangira  Amangarh Amangarh

b. Abandoned settlementsb. Abandoned settlements

 Villages & Hamlets i.e. Miangano Ghari & Villages & Hamlets i.e. Miangano Ghari &othersothers

Houses i.e. Ziarat Kaka Sahib & othersHouses i.e. Ziarat Kaka Sahib & others Resulting in decrease in populationResulting in decrease in population

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5. What should be done?5. What should be done?

1. Afforestation1. Afforestation   Forest trees and scrubs:Forest trees and scrubs:

Olea, Accacia, Reptonia, Zizaphus Capparis,Olea, Accacia, Reptonia, Zizaphus Capparis,

Tamarix, Prosopis & DodoniaTamarix, Prosopis & Dodonia   Grafting of Olive treesGrafting of Olive trees

   Planting of fruit treesPlanting of fruit trees

OliveOlive Almond Almond

BerryBerry

ReptoniaReptonia

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22.. ConstructionConstruction ofof damsdams onon

torrents,torrents, onon followingfollowing sitessites:: JarobaJaroba

DakDak IsmailIsmail KhelKhel

JabbaJabba MaharajiMaharaji

BhadarBhadar KhelKhel

PeeranPeeran

ZiaratZiarat GulGul DheriDheri

PitaoePitaoe

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LOCATION OF DAMS SITES

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Dak Ismail Khel

Jabba

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Bhadar Khel

Maharaji

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Gul Dheri

Ziarat

Peeran

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Pitaoe

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3. Utilization of Dams:3. Utilization of Dams: Irrigation of Piedmont PlainIrrigation of Piedmont Plain

Drinking water for settlementsDrinking water for settlements

Tourist sites near Urban centersTourist sites near Urban centers

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4. Digging of tube wells4. Digging of tube wells   For irrigation & drinking waterFor irrigation & drinking water

5. Taping spring water.5. Taping spring water.   For drinking waterFor drinking water

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THANK YOUTHANK YOU