New NASA - NSSDC - Master Catalog - Spacecraft Query · 2010. 9. 11. · Thursday, 19 August 2010....
Transcript of New NASA - NSSDC - Master Catalog - Spacecraft Query · 2010. 9. 11. · Thursday, 19 August 2010....
Cronología de Lanzamientos Espaciales
Año 1973 Recopilación de datos Ing. Eladio Miranda Batlle. Los textos, imágenes y tablas fueron obtenidos de la National Space Science. Data Center. NASA
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Query Results
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftSearch.do;jsessionid=F834ED14DC2AAC68ED1A42D67A0DE42F[19/08/2010 0:12:27]
Thursday, 19 August 2010
Spacecraft Query Results
There were 136 spacecraft returned.
Spacecraft Name NSSDC ID Launch Date
AE-C 1973-101A 1973-12-16
Anik A2 1973-023A 1973-04-19
Aureol 2 1973-107A 1973-12-26
Bion 1 1973-083A 1973-10-31
Cosmos 543 1973-002A 1973-01-11
Cosmos 544 1973-003A 1973-01-20
Cosmos 545 1973-004A 1973-01-24
Cosmos 546 1973-005A 1973-01-26
Cosmos 547 1973-006A 1973-02-01
Cosmos 548 1973-008A 1973-02-08
Cosmos 549 1973-010A 1973-02-28
Cosmos 550 1973-011A 1973-03-01
Cosmos 551 1973-012A 1973-03-06
Cosmos 552 1973-016A 1973-03-22
Cosmos 553 1973-020A 1973-04-12
Cosmos 554 1973-021A 1973-04-19
Cosmos 555 1973-024A 1973-04-25
Cosmos 556 1973-025A 1973-05-05
Cosmos 557 1973-026A 1973-05-11
Cosmos 558 1973-029A 1973-05-17
Cosmos 559 1973-030A 1973-05-18
Cosmos 560 1973-031A 1973-05-23
Cosmos 561 1973-033A 1973-05-25
Cosmos 562 1973-035A 1973-06-05
Cosmos 563 1973-036A 1973-06-06
Cosmos 564 1973-037A 1973-06-08
Cosmos 565 1973-037B 1973-06-08
Cosmos 566 1973-037C 1973-06-08
Cosmos 567 1973-037D 1973-06-08
Cosmos 568 1973-037E 1973-06-08
Cosmos 569 1973-037F 1973-06-08
Cosmos 570 1973-037G 1973-06-08
Cosmos 571 1973-037H 1973-06-08
Cosmos 572 1973-038A 1973-06-10
Cosmos 573 1973-041A 1973-06-15
Cosmos 574 1973-042A 1973-06-20
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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Query Results
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftSearch.do;jsessionid=F834ED14DC2AAC68ED1A42D67A0DE42F[19/08/2010 0:12:27]
Cosmos 575 1973-043A 1973-06-21
Cosmos 576 1973-044A 1973-06-27
Cosmos 577 1973-048A 1973-07-25
Cosmos 578 1973-051A 1973-08-01
Cosmos 579 1973-055A 1973-08-21
Cosmos 580 1973-057A 1973-08-22
Cosmos 581 1973-059A 1973-08-24
Cosmos 582 1973-060A 1973-08-28
Cosmos 583 1973-062A 1973-08-30
Cosmos 584 1973-063A 1973-09-06
Cosmos 585 1973-064A 1973-09-08
Cosmos 586 1973-065A 1973-09-14
Cosmos 587 1973-066A 1973-09-21
Cosmos 588 1973-069A 1973-10-02
Cosmos 589 1973-069B 1973-10-02
Cosmos 590 1973-069C 1973-10-02
Cosmos 591 1973-069D 1973-10-02
Cosmos 592 1973-069E 1973-10-02
Cosmos 593 1973-069F 1973-10-02
Cosmos 594 1973-069G 1973-10-02
Cosmos 595 1973-069H 1973-10-02
Cosmos 596 1973-070A 1973-10-03
Cosmos 597 1973-071A 1973-10-06
Cosmos 598 1973-072A 1973-10-10
Cosmos 599 1973-073A 1973-10-15
Cosmos 600 1973-074A 1973-10-16
Cosmos 601 1973-075A 1973-10-16
Cosmos 602 1973-077A 1973-10-20
Cosmos 603 1973-079A 1973-10-27
Cosmos 604 1973-080A 1973-10-29
Cosmos 606 1973-084A 1973-11-02
Cosmos 607 1973-087A 1973-11-10
Cosmos 608 1973-091A 1973-11-20
Cosmos 609 1973-092A 1973-11-21
Cosmos 610 1973-093A 1973-11-27
Cosmos 611 1973-094A 1973-11-28
Cosmos 612 1973-095A 1973-11-28
Cosmos 613 1973-096A 1973-11-30
Cosmos 614 1973-098A 1973-12-04
Cosmos 615 1973-099A 1973-12-13
Cosmos 616 1973-102A 1973-12-17
Cosmos 617 1973-104A 1973-12-19
Cosmos 618 1973-104B 1973-12-19
Cosmos 619 1973-104C 1973-12-19
Cosmos 620 1973-104D 1973-12-19
Cosmos 621 1973-104E 1973-12-19
Cosmos 622 1973-104F 1973-12-19
Cosmos 623 1973-104G 1973-12-19
Cosmos 624 1973-104H 1973-12-19
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Query Results
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftSearch.do;jsessionid=F834ED14DC2AAC68ED1A42D67A0DE42F[19/08/2010 0:12:27]
Cosmos 625 1973-105A 1973-12-21
Cosmos 626 1973-108A 1973-12-27
Cosmos 627 1973-109A 1973-12-29
DMSP 5B/F4 1973-054A 1973-08-17
DSCS II-03 1973-100A 1973-12-13
DSCS II-04 1973-100B 1973-12-13
Europa 2 (F-12) EU2F12 1973-07-30
IMEWS 4 1973-040A 1973-06-12
IMP-J 1973-078A 1973-10-26
INTELSAT 4 F-6 INT4F-6 1973-01-01
INTELSAT 4 F-7 1973-058A 1973-08-23
Intercosmos 9 1973-022A 1973-04-19
Intercosmos 10 1973-082A 1973-10-30
ITOS-E ITOS-E1 1973-07-16
Jumpseat 2 1973-056A 1973-08-21
KH 8-39 1973-028A 1973-05-16
KH 8-40 1973-068A 1973-09-27
KH 9-05 1973-014A 1973-03-09
KH 9-06 1973-046A 1973-07-13
KH 9-07 1973-088A 1973-11-10
Luna 21/Lunokhod 2 1973-001A 1973-01-08
Mariner 10 1973-085A 1973-11-03
Mars 4 1973-047A 1973-07-21
Mars 5 1973-049A 1973-07-25
Mars 6 1973-052A 1973-08-05
Mars 7 1973-053A 1973-08-09
Meteor 1-14 1973-015A 1973-03-20
Meteor 1-15 1973-034A 1973-05-29
Molniya 1-23 1973-007A 1973-02-03
Molniya 1-24 1973-061A 1973-08-30
Molniya 1-25 1973-089A 1973-11-14
Molniya 1-26 1973-097A 1973-11-30
Molniya 2- 5 1973-018A 1973-04-05
Molniya 2- 6 1973-045A 1973-07-11
Molniya 2- 7 1973-076A 1973-10-19
Molniya 2- 8 1973-106A 1973-12-25
NOAA 3 1973-086A 1973-11-06
OPS 6630 1973-088D 1973-11-10
OPS 7705 1973-088B 1973-11-10
Pioneer 11 1973-019A 1973-04-06
Prognoz 3 1973-009A 1973-02-15
RAE-B 1973-039A 1973-06-10
Rhyolite 2 1973-013A 1973-03-06
Salyut 2 1973-017A 1973-04-04
Skylab 1973-027A 1973-05-14
Skylab CSM 1 1973-032A 1973-05-25
Skylab CSM 2 1973-050A 1973-07-28
Skylab CSM 3 1973-090A 1973-11-16
Soyuz 12 1973-067A 1973-09-27
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Query Results
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftSearch.do;jsessionid=F834ED14DC2AAC68ED1A42D67A0DE42F[19/08/2010 0:12:27]
Soyuz 13 1973-103A 1973-12-18
Transit-O 20 1973-081A 1973-10-30
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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-101A[19/08/2010 0:44:16]
Thursday, 19 August 2010
Description
The purpose of the AE-C mission was to investigate thethermosphere, with emphasis on the energy transfer andprocesses that govern its state. The study of photochemicalprocesses accompanying the absorption of solar UV radiationin the earth's atmosphere was accomplished by making closelycoordinated measurements of reacting constituents and thesolar input. The AE-C spacecraft was a multi-sided polyhedronwith a diameter of approximately 1.4 m. It weighed about 660kg including 85 kg of instrumentation. The initial elliptical orbitwas altered many times in the first year of life by means of anonboard propulsion system employing a 3.5-lb thruster. Thepurpose of these changes was to alter the perigee height to129 km. After this period, the orbit was circularized and wasraised periodically to about 390 km when it would decay to 250km altitude. During the first year, the latitude of perigee movedfrom about 10 deg up to 68 deg north and then down to about60 deg south. During this period about two cycles through alllocal times were completed. The spacecraft could be operatedin either of two modes: spinning at a nominal 4 rpm or despunto 1 revolution per orbit. The spin axis was perpendicular to theorbit plane. Power was supplied by a solar cell array. Thespacecraft used a PCM telemetry data system that operated inreal time or in a tape recorder mode. The payload includedinstrumentation for the measurement of solar UV; thecomposition of positive ions and neutral particles; the densityand temperature of neutral particles, positive ions andelectrons; the measurement of airglow emissions,photoelectron energy spectra, and proton and electron fluxesup to 25 keV. More details can be found in A. Dalgarno et al.,Radio Sci.,v. 8, n. 4, p. 263, 1973.
AE-C
NSSDC ID: 1973-101A
Alternate Names
Atmosphere Explorer-C
Explorer 51
06977
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-12-16Launch Vehicle: DeltaLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 658.0 kg
Funding Agency
NASA-Office of SpaceScience Applications(United States)
Disciplines
Earth Science
Solar Physics
Space Physics
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for AE-C
Experiments on AE-C
Data collections from AE-C
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: Dr. Dieter K.Bilitza.
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-101A[19/08/2010 0:44:16]
Mr. J. Patrick Corrigan,III
Project Manager NASA Goddard Space FlightCenter
Dr. Nelson W. Spencer Project Scientist NASA Goddard Space FlightCenter
Mr. Frank W. Gaetano ProgramManager
NASA Headquarters
Dr. Erwin R. Schmerling ProgramScientist
NASA Headquarters
Other AE Data/Information at NSSDC
AE-AAE-BAE-CAE-DAE-E
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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-023A[19/08/2010 0:44:37]
Thursday, 19 August 2010
Description
Anik A2 (Telesat 2) was a telecommunications satelliteweighing approximately 272.7 kb operating in a geostationaryorbit with an anticipated life of 7 years. It was approximately1.85 m in diameter and 3.38 m in height. The satellitecommunications system provided for 12 rf channels, two ofwhich were protection channels for the traffic carryingchannels. Up link transmission was in the 5.925- to 6.425-gHzband, and the down link operated in the 3.7- to 4.2-gHz band.Telemetry, tracking and command functions required forsatellite station keeping and positioning were also provided inthose frequency bands.
Anik A2
NSSDC ID: 1973-023A
Alternate Names
Telesat-B
Anik-B
Anik 2
Telesat 2
06437
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-04-19Launch Vehicle: DeltaLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 1238.0 kg
Funding Agencies
NASA-Office ofApplications (UnitedStates)
Telesat Canada Ltd.,Ottawa (Canada)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Anik A2
Experiments on Anik A2
Data collections from AnikA2
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
Experiments
Data Collections
Personnel
Publications
Maps
New/Updated Data
Lunar/Planetary Events
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-023A[19/08/2010 0:44:37]
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Mr. Robert J. Goss Project Manager NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-107A[19/08/2010 0:45:03]
Thursday, 19 August 2010
Description
Aureol 2 was a Soviet spacecraft launched from the Plesetskcosmodrome aboard a Kosmos rocket. It's purpose was tocontinue investigations in the Earth's upper atmosphere at highlatitudes and to study the nature of polar aurora begun onboard the Aureol 1 satellite in 1971.
Aureol 2
NSSDC ID: 1973-107A
Alternate Names
Oreol 2
07003
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-12-26LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-5(SKean IRBM) plus UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 550.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Space Physics
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Aureol 2
Experiments on Aureol 2
Data collections fromAureol 2
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
Experiments
Data Collections
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Maps
New/Updated Data
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-083A[19/08/2010 0:45:25]
Thursday, 19 August 2010
Description
Bion 1 (Cosmos 605) carried several dozen rats, six boxes oftortoises, a mushroom bed, four beetles, and living bacterialspores. It provided data on the reaction of mammal, reptile,insect, fungal, and bacterial forms to prolongedweightlessness.
The spacecraft was based on the Zenit reconnaissancesatellite and launches began in 1973 with primary emphasis onthe problems of radiation effects on human beings. Launchesin the program included Cosmos 110, 605, 670, 782, plusNauka modules flown on Zenit-2M reconnaissance satellites.90 kg of equipment could be contained in the external Naukamodule.
Bion 1
NSSDC ID: 1973-083A
Alternate Names
Cosmos 605
Biocosmos 1
06913
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-10-31LaunchVehicle: Soyuz-ULaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 5500.0 kg
Funding Agency
Institute of BiomedicalProblems, Moscow(U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Life Science
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Bion 1
Experiments on Bion 1
Data collections from Bion1
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-002A[19/08/2010 0:45:50]
Thursday, 19 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 543 was a third generation, high resolution Sovietphoto surveillance satellite launched from the Baikonurcosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. It was maneuverable.
Cosmos 543
NSSDC ID: 1973-002A
Alternate Names
06339
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-01-11Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos543
Experiments on Cosmos543
Data collections fromCosmos 543
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
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Personnel
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New/Updated Data
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-003A[19/08/2010 0:46:13]
Thursday, 19 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 544 was a Soviet ELINT (Electronic and SignalsIntelligence) satellite launched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome.
From 1965 to 1967 two dedicated ELINT systems were tested:the Tselina and the Navy's US. Both reached service, since theMinistry of Defence could not force a single system on themilitary services.
Tselina was developed by Yuzhnoye and consisted of twosatellites: Tselina-O for general observations and Tselina-D fordetailed observations. ELINT systems for Tselina were firsttested under the Cosmos designation in 1962 to 1965. The firstTselina-O was launched in 1970. The Tselina-D took a longtime to enter service due to delays in payload developmentand weight growth. The whole Tselina system was notoperational until 1976. Constant improvement resulted inTselina-O being abandoned in 1984 and all systems being puton Tselina-D.
Cosmos 544
NSSDC ID: 1973-003A
Alternate Names
06343
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-01-20LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 750.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos544
Experiments on Cosmos544
Data collections fromCosmos 544
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
Experiments
Data Collections
Personnel
Publications
Maps
New/Updated Data
Lunar/Planetary Events
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-004A[19/08/2010 0:47:05]
Thursday, 19 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 545 was a military weather satellite launched as partof the Cosmos space research program. Its actual mission wasto determine cloudcover conditions over selected areas.Cosmos 545 was one of a long series of spin-stabilizedspacecraft that is believed to have originated concurrently withthe Soviets first tests, in 1962, of recoverable reconnaissancesatellites. To achieve greater spatial resolution, these Cosmosmilitary weather satellites were launched into relatively loworbits. Consequently, the spacecraft had a fairly short lifetime(generally five to six months) and must be continually replaced.It appears that launches of this type are made most frequentlyin spring and summer, and taper off in the winter months.Other than this, little is known about the Cosmos militaryweather satellite.
Cosmos 545
NSSDC ID: 1973-004A
Alternate Names
06348
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-01-24LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-2ILaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 400.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos545
Experiments on Cosmos545
Data collections fromCosmos 545
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
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Personnel
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Maps
New/Updated Data
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-005A[19/08/2010 0:48:33]
Thursday, 19 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 546 was part of a 6-satellite Soviet military navigationsystem distributed in orbital planes spaced 30 degrees apart,and launched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard aKosmos 3 rocket. Navigation information was derived fromDoppler-shifted VHF transmissions (approximately 150 and400 MHz) of the satellite position and orbital data. By acquiringfixes from several satellite, a user's location could becalculated with an accuracy of 100 m. The time needed toascertain a position was dependent upon the user's latitudeand the number of operational spacecraft in orbit. Normally,accurate location determination could be made within 1-2hours.
Cosmos 546
NSSDC ID: 1973-005A
Alternate Names
06350
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-01-26LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 750.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Uncategorized Cosmos
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos546
Experiments on Cosmos546
Data collections fromCosmos 546
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
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Personnel
Publications
Maps
New/Updated Data
Lunar/Planetary Events
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-006A[19/08/2010 0:50:10]
Thursday, 19 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 547 was a third generation, low resolution Sovietphoto surveillance satellite launched from the Baikonurcosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket.
Cosmos 547
NSSDC ID: 1973-006A
Alternate Names
06353
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-02-01Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos547
Experiments on Cosmos547
Data collections fromCosmos 547
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
Experiments
Data Collections
Personnel
Publications
Maps
New/Updated Data
Lunar/Planetary Events
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-008A[19/08/2010 0:51:26]
Thursday, 19 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 548 was a third generation, high resolution Sovietphoto surveillance satelllite launched from the Plesetskcosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. It was maneuverable.
Cosmos 548
NSSDC ID: 1973-008A
Alternate Names
06359
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-02-08Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos548
Experiments on Cosmos548
Data collections fromCosmos 548
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
Experiments
Data Collections
Personnel
Publications
Maps
New/Updated Data
Lunar/Planetary Events
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-010A[19/08/2010 0:51:52]
Thursday, 19 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 549 was a Soviet ELINT (Electronic and SignalsIntelligence) satellite launched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome.
From 1965 to 1967 two dedicated ELINT systems were tested:the Tselina and the Navy's US. Both reached service, since theMinistry of Defence could not force a single system on themilitary services.
Tselina was developed by Yuzhnoye and consisted of twosatellites: Tselina-O for general observations and Tselina-D fordetailed observations. ELINT systems for Tselina were firsttested under the Cosmos designation in 1962 to 1965. The firstTselina-O was launched in 1970. The Tselina-D took a longtime to enter service due to delays in payload developmentand weight growth. The whole Tselina system was notoperational until 1976. Constant improvement resulted inTselina-O being abandoned in 1984 and all systems being puton Tselina-D.
Cosmos 549
NSSDC ID: 1973-010A
Alternate Names
06373
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-02-28LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 750.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos549
Experiments on Cosmos549
Data collections fromCosmos 549
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
Experiments
Data Collections
Personnel
Publications
Maps
New/Updated Data
Lunar/Planetary Events
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-011A[19/08/2010 0:52:56]
Thursday, 19 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 550 was a third generation, high resolution Sovietphoto surveillance satellite launched from the Plesetskcosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. It was maneuverable.
Cosmos 550
NSSDC ID: 1973-011A
Alternate Names
06376
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-03-01Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos550
Experiments on Cosmos550
Data collections fromCosmos 550
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
Experiments
Data Collections
Personnel
Publications
Maps
New/Updated Data
Lunar/Planetary Events
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-012A[19/08/2010 0:53:55]
Thursday, 19 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 551 was a third generation, high resolution Sovietphoto surveillance satellite launched from the Baikonurcosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. It was maneuverable.
Cosmos 551
NSSDC ID: 1973-012A
Alternate Names
06378
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-03-06Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos551
Experiments on Cosmos551
Data collections fromCosmos 551
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-016A[19/08/2010 0:54:21]
Thursday, 19 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 552 was a third generation, low resolution Sovietphoto surveillance satellite launched from the Plesetskcosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. Separated sciencecapsule.
Cosmos 552
NSSDC ID: 1973-016A
Alternate Names
06394
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-03-22LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration (Longer) UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos552
Experiments on Cosmos552
Data collections fromCosmos 552
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, II
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-020A[19/08/2010 0:54:42]
Thursday, 19 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 553 was a Soviet DS type military satellite launchedfrom the Plesetsk cosmodrome.
DS (Dnepropetrovsk Sputnik) were small satellites built byYangel's OKB-586 / KB Yuzhnoye in the Ukraine for launch bythe same KB's Kosmos launch vehicles. They were used for awide range of military and scientific research and componentproving tests.
Cosmos 553
NSSDC ID: 1973-020A
Alternate Names
06427
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-04-12LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-2ILaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 400.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos553
Experiments on Cosmos553
Data collections fromCosmos 553
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-021A[19/08/2010 0:55:02]
Thursday, 19 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 554 was a third generation, high resolution Sovietphoto surveillance satellite launched from the Plesetskcosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. It was maneuverable.Exploded in orbit.
Cosmos 554
NSSDC ID: 1973-021A
Alternate Names
06432
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-04-19Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos554
Experiments on Cosmos554
Data collections fromCosmos 554
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-024A[19/08/2010 0:55:24]
Thursday, 19 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 555 was a third generation, low resolution Sovietphoto surveillance satellite launched from the Plesetskcosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. Separated sciencecapsule.
Cosmos 555
NSSDC ID: 1973-024A
Alternate Names
06440
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-04-25Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos555
Experiments on Cosmos555
Data collections fromCosmos 555
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-025A[19/08/2010 0:55:44]
Thursday, 19 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 556 was a third generation, high resolution Sovietphoto surveillance satellite launched from the Plesetskcosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. It was maneuverable.
Cosmos 556
NSSDC ID: 1973-025A
Alternate Names
06446
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-05-05Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos556
Experiments on Cosmos556
Data collections fromCosmos 556
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-026A[19/08/2010 0:56:05]
Thursday, 19 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 557 was believed to be an unmanned Soyuz-typevehicle. It may have been launched in an attempt to salvagepart of the Salyut 2 mission, to serve as a substitute for theSalyut vehicle. It transmitted on a frequency of 922.75 mh, thesame as used by Salyut spacecraft.
Cosmos 557
NSSDC ID: 1973-026A
Alternate Names
06498
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-05-11Launch Vehicle: ProtonLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 19400.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos557
Experiments on Cosmos557
Data collections fromCosmos 557
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-029A[19/08/2010 0:56:27]
Thursday, 19 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 558 was a Soviet DS type military satellite launchedfrom the Plesetsk cosmodrome.
DS (Dnepropetrovsk Sputnik) were small satellites built byYangel's OKB-586 / KB Yuzhnoye in the Ukraine for launch bythe same KB's Kosmos launch vehicles. They were used for awide range of military and scientific research and componentproving tests.
Cosmos 558
NSSDC ID: 1973-029A
Alternate Names
06645
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-05-17LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-2ILaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 400.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Uncategorized Cosmos
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos558
Experiments on Cosmos558
Data collections fromCosmos 558
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-030A[19/08/2010 0:56:48]
Thursday, 19 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 559 was a third generation, high resolution Sovietphoto surveillance satellite launched from the Plesetskcosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. It was maneuverable.
Cosmos 559
NSSDC ID: 1973-030A
Alternate Names
06647
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-05-18LaunchVehicle: Soyuz-ULaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos559
Experiments on Cosmos559
Data collections fromCosmos 559
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-031A[19/08/2010 0:57:08]
Thursday, 19 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 560 was a third generation, high resolution Sovietphoto surveillance satellite launched from the Plesetskcosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. It was maneuverable.
Cosmos 560
NSSDC ID: 1973-031A
Alternate Names
06652
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-05-23Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos560
Experiments on Cosmos560
Data collections fromCosmos 560
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-033A[19/08/2010 0:57:29]
Thursday, 19 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 561 was a third generation, low resolution Sovietphoto surveillance satellite launched from the Plesetskcosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. It also carried a gamma-ray telescope experiment capsule.
Cosmos 561
NSSDC ID: 1973-033A
Alternate Names
06657
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-05-25Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Disciplines
Astronomy
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos561
Experiments on Cosmos561
Data collections fromCosmos 561
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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Spacecraft
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New/Updated Data
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-035A[19/08/2010 0:57:50]
Thursday, 19 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 562 was a Soviet DS type military satellite launchedfrom the Plesetsk cosmodrome.
DS (Dnepropetrovsk Sputnik) were small satellites built byYangel's OKB-586 / KB Yuzhnoye in the Ukraine for launch bythe same KB's Kosmos launch vehicles. They were used for awide range of military and scientific research and componentproving tests.
Cosmos 562
NSSDC ID: 1973-035A
Alternate Names
06665
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-06-05LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-2ILaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 400.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos562
Experiments on Cosmos562
Data collections fromCosmos 562
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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Spacecraft
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-036A[19/08/2010 0:58:14]
Thursday, 19 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 563 was a third generation, high resolution Sovietphoto surveillance satellite launched from the Plesetskcosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. It wa maneuverable.
Cosmos 563
NSSDC ID: 1973-036A
Alternate Names
06667
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-06-06Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos563
Experiments on Cosmos563
Data collections fromCosmos 563
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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Spacecraft
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-037A[19/08/2010 0:58:36]
Thursday, 19 August 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 564
NSSDC ID: 1973-037A
Alternate Names
06675
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-06-08LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos564
Experiments on Cosmos564
Data collections fromCosmos 564
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
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Data Collections
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New/Updated Data
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-037B[19/08/2010 0:58:57]
Thursday, 19 August 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 565
NSSDC ID: 1973-037B
Alternate Names
06676
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-06-08LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos565
Experiments on Cosmos565
Data collections fromCosmos 565
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
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Personnel
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-037C[19/08/2010 0:59:17]
Thursday, 19 August 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 566
NSSDC ID: 1973-037C
Alternate Names
06677
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-06-08LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos566
Experiments on Cosmos566
Data collections fromCosmos 566
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
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New/Updated Data
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-037D[19/08/2010 0:59:39]
Thursday, 19 August 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 567
NSSDC ID: 1973-037D
Alternate Names
06678
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-06-08LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos567
Experiments on Cosmos567
Data collections fromCosmos 567
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
Experiments
Data Collections
Personnel
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New/Updated Data
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-037E[19/08/2010 0:59:59]
Thursday, 19 August 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 568
NSSDC ID: 1973-037E
Alternate Names
06679
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-06-08LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos568
Experiments on Cosmos568
Data collections fromCosmos 568
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
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Data Collections
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New/Updated Data
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-037F[19/08/2010 1:00:59]
Thursday, 19 August 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 569
NSSDC ID: 1973-037F
Alternate Names
06680
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-06-08LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos569
Experiments on Cosmos569
Data collections fromCosmos 569
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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Spacecraft
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-037G[19/08/2010 1:01:52]
Thursday, 19 August 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 570
NSSDC ID: 1973-037G
Alternate Names
06681
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-06-08LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos570
Experiments on Cosmos570
Data collections fromCosmos 570
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-037H[19/08/2010 1:02:33]
Thursday, 19 August 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 571
NSSDC ID: 1973-037H
Alternate Names
06682
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-06-08LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos571
Experiments on Cosmos571
Data collections fromCosmos 571
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-038A[19/08/2010 1:03:22]
Thursday, 19 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 572 was a third generation, high resolution Sovietphoto surveillance satellite launched from the Baikonurcosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. It was maneuverable.
Cosmos 572
NSSDC ID: 1973-038A
Alternate Names
06684
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-06-10Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos572
Experiments on Cosmos572
Data collections fromCosmos 572
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-041A[19/08/2010 1:04:22]
Thursday, 19 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 573 was a Soviet Soyuz test flight launched from theBaikonur cosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. It wasrecovered on June 17, 1973 at 6:01 GMT.
Cosmos 573
NSSDC ID: 1973-041A
Alternate Names
06694
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-06-15Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 6750.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Engineering
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos573
Experiments on Cosmos573
Data collections fromCosmos 573
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-042A[19/08/2010 1:07:51]
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices
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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-043A[20/08/2010 23:12:43]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 575 was a third generation, low resolution Sovietphoto surveillance satellite launched from the Plesetskcosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. Separated capsule.
Cosmos 575
NSSDC ID: 1973-043A
Alternate Names
06709
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-06-21Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos575
Experiments on Cosmos575
Data collections fromCosmos 575
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-044A[20/08/2010 23:13:22]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 576 was a third generation, low resolution Sovietphoto surveillance satellite launched from the Plesetskcosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. Separated sciencecapsule.
Cosmos 576
NSSDC ID: 1973-044A
Alternate Names
06713
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-06-27Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos576
Experiments on Cosmos576
Data collections fromCosmos 576
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-048A[20/08/2010 23:14:06]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 577 was a third generation, high resolution Sovietphoto surveillance satellite launched from the Plesetskcosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. It was maneuverable.
Cosmos 577
NSSDC ID: 1973-048A
Alternate Names
06745
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-07-25Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos577
Experiments on Cosmos577
Data collections fromCosmos 577
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-051A[20/08/2010 23:14:31]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 578 was a third generation, low resolution Sovietphoto surveillance satellite launched from the Plesetskcosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket.
Cosmos 578
NSSDC ID: 1973-051A
Alternate Names
06759
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-08-01Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos578
Experiments on Cosmos578
Data collections fromCosmos 578
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-055A[20/08/2010 23:15:03]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 579 was a third generation, high resolution Sovietphoto surveillance satellite launched from the Plesetskcosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. It was maneuverable.
Cosmos 579
NSSDC ID: 1973-055A
Alternate Names
06789
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-08-21Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos579
Experiments on Cosmos579
Data collections fromCosmos 579
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-057A[20/08/2010 23:16:08]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 580 was a Soviet DS type military satellite launchedfrom the Plesetsk cosmodrome.
DS (Dnepropetrovsk Sputnik) were small satellites built byYangel's OKB-586 / KB Yuzhnoye in the Ukraine for launch bythe same KB's Kosmos launch vehicles. They were used for awide range of military and scientific research and componentproving tests.
Cosmos 580
NSSDC ID: 1973-057A
Alternate Names
06793
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-08-22LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-2ILaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 400.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos580
Experiments on Cosmos580
Data collections fromCosmos 580
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-059A[20/08/2010 23:16:42]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 581 was a third generation, high resolution Sovietphoto surveillance satellite launched from the Baikonurcosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. It was maneuverable.
Cosmos 581
NSSDC ID: 1973-059A
Alternate Names
06798
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-08-24Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos581
Experiments on Cosmos581
Data collections fromCosmos 581
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-060A[20/08/2010 23:17:22]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 582 was a Soviet ELINT (Electronic and SignalsIntelligence) satellite launched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome.
From 1965 to 1967 two dedicated ELINT systems were tested:the Tselina and the Navy's US. Both reached service, since theMinistry of Defence could not force a single system on themilitary services.
Tselina was developed by Yuzhnoye and consisted of twosatellites: Tselina-O for general observations and Tselina-D fordetailed observations. ELINT systems for Tselina were firsttested under the Cosmos designation in 1962 to 1965. The firstTselina-O was launched in 1970. The Tselina-D took a longtime to enter service due to delays in payload developmentand weight growth. The whole Tselina system was notoperational until 1976. Constant improvement resulted inTselina-O being abandoned in 1984 and all systems being puton Tselina-D.
Cosmos 582
NSSDC ID: 1973-060A
Alternate Names
06802
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-08-28LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 750.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos582
Experiments on Cosmos582
Data collections fromCosmos 582
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-062A[20/08/2010 23:18:24]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 583 was a third generation, low resolution Sovietphoto surveillance satellite launched from the Baikonurcosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. Separated capsule.
Cosmos 583
NSSDC ID: 1973-062A
Alternate Names
06809
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-08-30Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos583
Experiments on Cosmos583
Data collections fromCosmos 583
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-063A[20/08/2010 23:18:58]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 584 was a third generation, high resolution Sovietphoto surveillance satellite launched from the Plesetskcosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. It was maneuverable.
Cosmos 584
NSSDC ID: 1973-063A
Alternate Names
06818
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-09-06Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos584
Experiments on Cosmos584
Data collections fromCosmos 584
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-064A[20/08/2010 23:19:38]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 585 was a Soviet geodetic satellite launched from thePlesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Cosmos 11 rocket.
The Sfera geodetic system covered a broad development forsolving problems in geodetics, continental drift, and preciselocation of cartographic points. The spacecraft was equippedwith measurement and signalling apparatus, providingassistance in measuring astronomical-geodetic points ofmilitary topographical research for the Red Army General Staff.The satellite allowed improved accuracy for long rangeweapons. Reshetnev was the Chief Designer. Flight tests werefrom 1968 to 1972. Series flights were from 1973 to 1980. TheKosmos 3M launcher was used. Colonel Ye S Shchapov wasin charge of Sfera development. Sfera used the basic KAUR-1bus, consisting of a 2.035 m diameter cylindrical spacecraftbody, with solar cells and radiators of the thermostatictemperature regulating system mounted on the exterior.Orientation was by a single-axis magneto-gravitational (gravitygradient boom) passive system. The hermetically sealedcompartment had the equipment mounted in cruciform bays,with the chemical batteries protecting the radio and guidanceequipment mounted at the centre.
Cosmos 585
NSSDC ID: 1973-064A
Alternate Names
06825
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-09-08LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 550.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Earth Science
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos585
Experiments on Cosmos585
Data collections fromCosmos 585
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-065A[20/08/2010 23:20:22]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 586 was part of a 6-satellite Soviet military navigationsystem distributed in orbital planes spaced 30 degrees apart,and launched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard aCosmos rocket. Navigation information was derived fromDoppler-shifted VHF transmissions (approximately 150 and400 MHz) of the satellite position and orbital data. By acquiringfixes from several satellite, a user's location could becalculated with an accuracy of 100 m. The time needed toascertain a position was dependent upon the user's latitudeand the number of operational spacecraft in orbit. Normally,accurate location determination could be made within 1-2hours.
Cosmos 586
NSSDC ID: 1973-065A
Alternate Names
06828
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-09-14LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 550.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Navigation & GlobalPositioning
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos586
Experiments on Cosmos586
Data collections fromCosmos 586
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-066A[20/08/2010 23:21:15]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 587 was a third generation, high resolution Sovietphoto surveillance satellite launched from the Plesetskcosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. It was maneuverable.
Cosmos 587
NSSDC ID: 1973-066A
Alternate Names
06832
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-09-21LaunchVehicle: Soyuz-ULaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos587
Experiments on Cosmos587
Data collections fromCosmos 587
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-069A[20/08/2010 23:21:54]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 588
NSSDC ID: 1973-069A
Alternate Names
06845
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-10-02LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos588
Experiments on Cosmos588
Data collections fromCosmos 588
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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Spacecraft
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-069B[20/08/2010 23:22:23]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 589
NSSDC ID: 1973-069B
Alternate Names
06846
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-10-02LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos589
Experiments on Cosmos589
Data collections fromCosmos 589
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-069C[20/08/2010 23:22:44]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 590
NSSDC ID: 1973-069C
Alternate Names
06847
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-10-02LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos590
Experiments on Cosmos590
Data collections fromCosmos 590
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-069D[20/08/2010 23:23:16]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 591
NSSDC ID: 1973-069D
Alternate Names
06848
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-10-02LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos591
Experiments on Cosmos591
Data collections fromCosmos 591
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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Spacecraft
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New/Updated Data
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-069E[20/08/2010 23:23:58]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 592
NSSDC ID: 1973-069E
Alternate Names
06849
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-10-02LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos592
Experiments on Cosmos592
Data collections fromCosmos 592
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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Spacecraft
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-069F[20/08/2010 23:24:21]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 593
NSSDC ID: 1973-069F
Alternate Names
06850
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-10-02LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos593
Experiments on Cosmos593
Data collections fromCosmos 593
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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Spacecraft
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-069G[20/08/2010 23:24:43]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 594
NSSDC ID: 1973-069G
Alternate Names
06851
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-10-02LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos594
Experiments on Cosmos594
Data collections fromCosmos 594
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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Spacecraft
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New/Updated Data
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-069H[20/08/2010 23:25:04]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 595
NSSDC ID: 1973-069H
Alternate Names
06852
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-10-02LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos595
Experiments on Cosmos595
Data collections fromCosmos 595
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-070A[20/08/2010 23:25:26]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 596 was a third generation, low resolution Sovietphoto surveillance satellite launched from the Plesetskcosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. Separated capsule.
Cosmos 596
NSSDC ID: 1973-070A
Alternate Names
06856
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-10-03Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos596
Experiments on Cosmos596
Data collections fromCosmos 596
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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Spacecraft
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-071A[20/08/2010 23:25:47]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 597 was a Soviet high resolution photoreconnaissance satellite launched from the Plesetskcosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. It returned a film capsule.
Cosmos 597
NSSDC ID: 1973-071A
Alternate Names
06858
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-10-06Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos597
Experiments on Cosmos597
Data collections fromCosmos 597
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-072A[20/08/2010 23:26:09]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 598 was a Soviet high resolution photoreconnaissance satellite launched from the Baikonurcosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. It returned a film capsuleto earth.
Cosmos 598
NSSDC ID: 1973-072A
Alternate Names
06862
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-10-10Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos598
Experiments on Cosmos598
Data collections fromCosmos 598
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
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Personnel
Publications
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New/Updated Data
Lunar/Planetary Events
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-073A[20/08/2010 23:26:29]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 599 was a third generation, low resolution Sovietphoto surveillance satellite launched from the Baikonurcosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket.
Cosmos 599
NSSDC ID: 1973-073A
Alternate Names
06867
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-10-15Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos599
Experiments on Cosmos599
Data collections fromCosmos 599
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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Spacecraft
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-074A[20/08/2010 23:26:50]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 600 was a third generation, high resolution Sovietphoto surveillance satellite launched from the Plesetskcosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. It was maneuverable.
Cosmos 600
NSSDC ID: 1973-074A
Alternate Names
06873
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-10-16Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos600
Experiments on Cosmos600
Data collections fromCosmos 600
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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Spacecraft
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-075A[20/08/2010 23:27:11]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 601 was a Soviet DS type military satellite launchedfrom the Plesetsk cosmodrome.
DS (Dnepropetrovsk Sputnik) were small satellites built byYangel's OKB-586 / KB Yuzhnoye in the Ukraine for launch bythe same KB's Kosmos launch vehicles. They were used for awide range of military and scientific research and componentproving tests
Cosmos 601
NSSDC ID: 1973-075A
Alternate Names
06875
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-10-16LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-2ILaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 400.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos601
Experiments on Cosmos601
Data collections fromCosmos 601
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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Spacecraft
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New/Updated Data
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-077A[20/08/2010 23:27:32]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 602 was a third generation, high resolution Sovietphoto surveillance satellite launched from the Plesetskcosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. It was maneuverable.
Cosmos 602
NSSDC ID: 1973-077A
Alternate Names
06885
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-10-20Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos602
Experiments on Cosmos602
Data collections fromCosmos 602
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-079A[20/08/2010 23:27:53]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 603 was a third generation, high resolution Sovietphoto surveillance satellite launched from the Plesetskcosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. It was maneuverable.
Cosmos 603
NSSDC ID: 1973-079A
Alternate Names
06900
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-10-27Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos603
Experiments on Cosmos603
Data collections fromCosmos 603
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-080A[20/08/2010 23:28:14]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 604 was a Soviet ELINT (Electronic and SignalsIntelligence) satellite launched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome.
From 1965 to 1967 two dedicated ELINT systems were tested:the Tselina and the Navy's US. Both reached service, since theMinistry of Defence could not force a single system on themilitary services.
Tselina was developed by Yuzhnoye and consisted of twosatellites: Tselina-O for general observations and Tselina-D fordetailed observations. ELINT systems for Tselina were firsttested under the Cosmos designation in 1962 to 1965. The firstTselina-O was launched in 1970. The Tselina-D took a longtime to enter service due to delays in payload developmentand weight growth. The whole Tselina system was notoperational until 1976. Constant improvement resulted inTselina-O being abandoned in 1984 and all systems being puton Tselina-D.
Cosmos 604
NSSDC ID: 1973-080A
Alternate Names
06907
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-10-29Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 2000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos604
Experiments on Cosmos604
Data collections fromCosmos 604
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-084A[20/08/2010 23:28:36]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 606 was a Soviet missile early warning satellitelaunched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Molniyarocket. It replaced Cosmos 520 and covered the Okoconstellation plane 3 - 359 degree longitude of ascendingnode.
Cosmos 606
NSSDC ID: 1973-084A
Alternate Names
06916
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-11-02LaunchVehicle: Molniya-MLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 1250.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos606
Experiments on Cosmos606
Data collections fromCosmos 606
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-087A[20/08/2010 23:28:57]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 607 was a third generation, high resolution Sovietphoto surveillance satellite launched from the Plesetskcosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket.
Cosmos 607
NSSDC ID: 1973-087A
Alternate Names
06926
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-11-10Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos607
Experiments on Cosmos607
Data collections fromCosmos 607
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-091A[20/08/2010 23:29:19]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 608 was a Soviet DS type military satellite launchedfrom the Plesetsk cosmodrome.
DS (Dnepropetrovsk Sputnik) were small satellites built byYangel's OKB-586 / KB Yuzhnoye in the Ukraine for launch bythe same KB's Kosmos launch vehicles. They were used for awide range of military and scientific research and componentproving tests.
Cosmos 608
NSSDC ID: 1973-091A
Alternate Names
06941
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-11-20LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-2ILaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 400.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos608
Experiments on Cosmos608
Data collections fromCosmos 608
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-092A[20/08/2010 23:29:39]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 609 was a third generation, high resolution Sovietphoto surveillance satellite launched from the Baikonurcosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. It was maneuverable.
Cosmos 609
NSSDC ID: 1973-092A
Alternate Names
06943
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-11-21Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos609
Experiments on Cosmos609
Data collections fromCosmos 609
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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Spacecraft
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-093A[20/08/2010 23:30:00]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 610 was a Soviet ELINT (Electronic and SignalsIntelligence) satellite launched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome.
From 1965 to 1967 two dedicated ELINT systems were tested:the Tselina and the Navy's US. Both reached service, since theMinistry of Defence could not force a single system on themilitary services.
Tselina was developed by Yuzhnoye and consisted of twosatellites: Tselina-O for general observations and Tselina-D fordetailed observations. ELINT systems for Tselina were firsttested under the Cosmos designation in 1962 to 1965. The firstTselina-O was launched in 1970. The Tselina-D took a longtime to enter service due to delays in payload developmentand weight growth. The whole Tselina system was notoperational until 1976. Constant improvement resulted inTselina-O being abandoned in 1984 and all systems being puton Tselina-D.
Cosmos 610
NSSDC ID: 1973-093A
Alternate Names
06950
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-11-27LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 750.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos610
Experiments on Cosmos610
Data collections fromCosmos 610
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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-094A[20/08/2010 23:30:21]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 611 was a Soviet DS type military satellite launchedfrom the Plesetsk cosmodrome.
DS (Dnepropetrovsk Sputnik) were small satellites built byYangel's OKB-586 / KB Yuzhnoye in the Ukraine for launch bythe same KB's Kosmos launch vehicles. They were used for awide range of military and scientific research and componentproving tests.
Cosmos 611
NSSDC ID: 1973-094A
Alternate Names
06952
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-11-28LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-2ILaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos611
Experiments on Cosmos611
Data collections fromCosmos 611
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-095A[20/08/2010 23:30:49]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 612 was a third generation, high resolution Sovietphoto surveillance satellite launched from the Plesetskcosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. It was maneuverable.
Cosmos 612
NSSDC ID: 1973-095A
Alternate Names
06953
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-11-28Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos612
Experiments on Cosmos612
Data collections fromCosmos 612
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-096A[20/08/2010 23:31:40]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 613 was an unmanned Soviet Soyuz ferry durationtest flight launched from the Baikonur cosmodrome aboard aSoyuz rocket. It was recovered on January 29, 1974 at 5:29GMT.
Cosmos 613
NSSDC ID: 1973-096A
Alternate Names
06957
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-11-30Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 6570.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Engineering
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos613
Experiments on Cosmos613
Data collections fromCosmos 613
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-098A[20/08/2010 23:32:36]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation is now populated with two distinct systemsdevoted to military and government communications. Bothsystems are assessed to be simple store-dump repeaterswhich were particularly useful in relaying non-essential trafficbetween the Russian Federation and overseas stations offorces. The first Strela (which means "Arrow" in Russian)system debuted in 1970 and consisted of 750 - 1000 kgsatellites deployed at mean altitudes of 800 km in three orbitalplanes inclined 74 degrees to the equator and spaced 120degrees apart. These Strela 2 spacecraft were launchedseparately by the Kosmos launch vehicle from the Plesetskcosmodrome into each orbital plane at intervals of 24-36months. The activity of these satellites could be monitored viaa characteristic CW beacon emitted on a frequency of 153.660MHz.
Cosmos 614
NSSDC ID: 1973-098A
Alternate Names
06965
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-12-04LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 750.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos614
Experiments on Cosmos614
Data collections fromCosmos 614
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-099A[20/08/2010 23:33:33]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 615 was a Soviet DS type military satellite launchedfrom the Plesetsk cosmodrome.
DS (Dnepropetrovsk Sputnik) were small satellites built byYangel's OKB-586 / KB Yuzhnoye in the Ukraine for launch bythe same KB's Kosmos launch vehicles. They were used for awide range of military and scientific research and componentproving tests.
Cosmos 615
NSSDC ID: 1973-099A
Alternate Names
06971
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-12-13LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-2ILaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 400.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos615
Experiments on Cosmos615
Data collections fromCosmos 615
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-102A[20/08/2010 23:34:12]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 616 was a third generation, low resolution Sovietphoto surveillance satellite launched from the Plesetskcosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. Separated sciencecapsule.
Cosmos 616
NSSDC ID: 1973-102A
Alternate Names
06979
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-12-17LaunchVehicle: Soyuz-MLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos616
Experiments on Cosmos616
Data collections fromCosmos 616
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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Spacecraft
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-104A[20/08/2010 23:34:35]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 617
NSSDC ID: 1973-104A
Alternate Names
06985
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-12-19LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos617
Experiments on Cosmos617
Data collections fromCosmos 617
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-104B[20/08/2010 23:34:56]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 618
NSSDC ID: 1973-104B
Alternate Names
06986
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-12-19LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos618
Experiments on Cosmos618
Data collections fromCosmos 618
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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Spacecraft
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New/Updated Data
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-104C[20/08/2010 23:35:21]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 619
NSSDC ID: 1973-104C
Alternate Names
06987
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-12-19LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos619
Experiments on Cosmos619
Data collections fromCosmos 619
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-104D[20/08/2010 23:35:49]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 620
NSSDC ID: 1973-104D
Alternate Names
06988
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-12-19LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos620
Experiments on Cosmos620
Data collections fromCosmos 620
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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Spacecraft
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-104E[20/08/2010 23:36:16]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 621
NSSDC ID: 1973-104E
Alternate Names
06989
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-12-19LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos621
Experiments on Cosmos621
Data collections fromCosmos 621
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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Spacecraft
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-104F[20/08/2010 23:36:43]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 622
NSSDC ID: 1973-104F
Alternate Names
06990
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-12-19LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos622
Experiments on Cosmos622
Data collections fromCosmos 622
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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Spacecraft
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-104G[20/08/2010 23:37:05]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 623
NSSDC ID: 1973-104G
Alternate Names
06991
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-12-19LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos623
Experiments on Cosmos623
Data collections fromCosmos 623
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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Spacecraft
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-104H[20/08/2010 23:37:48]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 624
NSSDC ID: 1973-104H
Alternate Names
06992
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-12-19LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos624
Experiments on Cosmos624
Data collections fromCosmos 624
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-105A[20/08/2010 23:38:49]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 625 was a third generation, high resolution Sovietphoto surveillance satellite launched from the Plesetskcosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. It was maneuverable.
Cosmos 625
NSSDC ID: 1973-105A
Alternate Names
06995
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-12-21Launch Vehicle: SoyuzLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos625
Experiments on Cosmos625
Data collections fromCosmos 625
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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Spacecraft
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-108A[20/08/2010 23:39:49]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 626 was a Soviet nuclear powered Radar OceanReconnaissance Satellite (RORSAT) launched from theBaikonur cosmodrome aboard a Tsyklon 2 rocket. TheRORSATs were designed to search the oceans for US Navytask forces and other shipping.
Cosmos 626
NSSDC ID: 1973-108A
Alternate Names
07005
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-12-27LaunchVehicle: Tsiklon-2Launch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 3800.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos626
Experiments on Cosmos626
Data collections fromCosmos 626
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-109A[20/08/2010 23:41:00]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
Cosmos 627 was part of a 6-satellite Soviet military navigationsystem distributed in orbital planes spaced 30 degrees apart,and launched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard aCosmos rocket. Navigation information was derived fromDoppler-shifted VHF transmissions (approximately 150 and400 MHz) of the satellite position and orbital data. By acquiringfixes from several satellite, a user's location could becalculated with an accuracy of 100 m. The time needed toascertain a position was dependent upon the user's latitudeand the number of operational spacecraft in orbit. Normally,accurate location determination could be made within 1-2hours.
Cosmos 627
NSSDC ID: 1973-109A
Alternate Names
07008
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-12-29LaunchVehicle: Kosmos-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 550.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Navigation & GlobalPositioning
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos627
Experiments on Cosmos627
Data collections fromCosmos 627
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-054A[20/08/2010 23:42:06]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
DMSP (73-054A), also known as DMSP 7529, was one of aseries of meteorological satellites developed and operated bythe Air Force under the Defense Meteorological SatelliteProgram. This program, previously known as Data Acquisitionand Processing Program (DAPP), was classified until March1973. The objective of this program was to provide globalvisual and infrared (IR) cloudcover data and specializedenvironmental data to support Department of Defenserequirements. Operationally, the program consisted of twosatellites in 830 km sun-synchronous polar orbits, with theascending node of one satellite near the sunrise terminatorand the other near local noon. The satellite, shaped like thefrustum of a polyhedron, consisted of four subassemblies -- (1)a solar array hat, (2) a base-plate assembly, (3) a sensor AVE(Aerospace Vehicle Electronics) package (SAP), and (4) a dataprocessing system. The primary sensor (SAP) was a fourchannel scanning radiometer. Secondary sensors included avertical temperature profile radiometer (supplementary sensorE - SSE) and an electron spectrograph (supplementary sensorJ/2 - SSJ/2), which were mounted, along with the primarysensor, on the base-plate assembly. Spacecraft stabilizationwas controlled by a combination flywheel and magnetic controlcoil system so that the sensors were maintained in the desiredearth-looking mode. The data processing system includedthree tape recorders capable of storing a total of 440 min ofdata, which allowed full global coverage twice daily. Eitherrecorded or real-time data were transmitted to groundreceiving sites via an s-band transmitter. Recorded data wereread out to tracking sites located at Fairchild AFB, WA, andLoring AFB, ME, and relayed to Air Force Global WeatherCentral, Offutt AFB, NE. Real-time data were read out atmobile tactical sites located around the world.
DMSP 5B/F4
NSSDC ID: 1973-054A
Alternate Names
DMSP 7529
06787
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-08-17Launch Vehicle: ThorLaunchSite: Vandenberg AFB,United StatesMass: 195.0 kg
Funding Agency
Department of Defense-Department of the AirForce (United States)
Disciplines
Earth Science
Space Physics
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for DMSP5B/F4
Experiments on DMSP5B/F4
Data collections fromDMSP 5B/F4
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: Dr. Dieter K.Bilitza.
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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-054A[20/08/2010 23:42:06]
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Project Manager US Air Force Space Division
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-100A[20/08/2010 23:42:52]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
This Defense Satellite Communications System (DSCS)satellite was launched from Cape Canaveral aboard a Titan 3Crocket. It was one of a series of satellites that provided securevoice and data communications for the US military. It was spinstabilized with a despun antenna platform. Body mounted solarcells produced 535 watts. Three NiCd batteries provided 36AHr total. The payload consisted of two 20 watt X-Bandtransponders with 500 MHz bandwidths, and steerable narrowbeam antennas and drive mechanism for commincationsprivacy. Its capacity was 1300 voice channels or 100 Mbps ofdata.
DSCS II-03
NSSDC ID: 1973-100A
Alternate Names
06973
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-12-13Launch Vehicle: TitanLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 566.0 kg
Funding Agency
Department of Defense-Department of the AirForce (United States)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for DSCS II-03
Experiments on DSCS II-03
Data collections fromDSCS II-03
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-100B[20/08/2010 23:43:57]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
This Defense Satellite Communications System (DSCS)satellite was launched from Cape Canaveral aboard a Titan 3Crocket. It was one of a series of satellites that provided securevoice and data communications for the US military. It was spinstabilized with a despun antenna platform. Body mounted solarcells produced 535 watts. Three NiCd batteries provided 36AHr total. The payload consisted of two 20 watt X-Bandtransponders with 500 MHz bandwidths, and steerable narrowbeam antennas and drive mechanism for commincationsprivacy. Its capacity was 1300 voice channels or 100 Mbps ofdata.
DSCS II-04
NSSDC ID: 1973-100B
Alternate Names
06974
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-12-13Launch Vehicle: TitanLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 566.0 kg
Funding Agency
Department of Defense-Department of the AirForce (United States)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for DSCS II-04
Experiments on DSCS II-04
Data collections fromDSCS II-04
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=EU2F12[20/08/2010 23:44:57]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
The F-12 mission was to demonstrate that the four-stageEuropa 2 vehicle can put a 386 kg payload into an ellipticaltransfer orbit the characteristics of which are such that,assuming the availability of a suitable apogee motor, ageostationary orbit could be obtained. A maximum effectiveoperating lifetime of 80 hr was expected.
Europa 2 (F-12)
NSSDC ID: EU2F12
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-07-30LaunchVehicle: Europa 2Launch Site: Kourou,French GuianaMass: 386.0 kg
Funding Agency
European Space Agency(International)
Discipline
Engineering
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Europa 2(F-12)
Experiments on Europa 2(F-12)
Data collections fromEuropa 2 (F-12)
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Mr. Gerard Chauvallon Project Manager European Space Agency
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, II
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-040A[20/08/2010 23:46:10]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
IMEWS 4 was the fourth in a series of first generation DSPprogram of Integrated Missile Early Warning Satellitesmanufactered by TRW for the US Air Force. The spacecraftspun slowly (6 rpm) about the nadir axis to permit scanning ofthe Earth by the detector system. Body mounted anddeployable panels provided 400W of power.
IMEWS 4
NSSDC ID: 1973-040A
Alternate Names
Early Warning 4
DSP F4
06691
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-06-12Launch Vehicle: TitanIII-CLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 820.0 kg
Funding Agency
Department of Defense-Department of the AirForce (United States)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for IMEWS 4
Experiments on IMEWS 4
Data collections fromIMEWS 4
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
Image courtesy of the USAF Defense Support Program.
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IMEWS 4
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-078A[20/08/2010 23:47:02]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
IMP 8 (Explorer 50), the last satellite of the IMP series, was adrum-shaped spacecraft, 135.6 cm across and 157.4 cm high,instrumented for interplanetary and magnetotail studies ofcosmic rays, energetic solar particles, plasma, and electricand magnetic fields. Its initial orbit was more elliptical thanintended, with apogee and perigee distances of about 45 and25 earth radii. Its eccentricity decreased after launch. Its orbitalinclination varied between 0 deg and about 55 deg with aperiodicity of several years. The spacecraft spin axis wasnormal to the ecliptic plane, and the spin rate was 23 rpm. Thedata telemetry rate was 1600 bps. The spacecraft was in thesolar wind for 7 to 8 days of every 12.5 day orbit. Telemetrycoverage was 90% in the early years, but only 60-70% throughmost of the 1980's and early 1990's. Coverage returned to the90% range in the mid to late 1990's. The objectives of theextended IMP-8 operations were to provide solar windparameters as input for magnetospheric studies and as a 1-AUbaseline for deep space studies, and to continue solar cyclevariation studies with a single set of well-calibrated andunderstood instruments. In October, 2001, IMP 8 wasterminated as an independent mission. Telemetry acquisitionresumed after about three months at Canberra only (30-50%coverage), as an adjunct to the Voyager and Ulysses missions.Last useful science data from IMP 8 was acquired on October7, 2006.
IMP-J
NSSDC ID: 1973-078A
Alternate Names
IMP 8
Explorer 50
06893
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-10-26Launch Vehicle: DeltaLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 371.0 kgNominalPower: 150.0 W
Funding Agency
NASA-Office of SpaceScience Applications(United States)
Discipline
Space Physics
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for IMP-J
PDMP information forIMP-J
Telecommunicationsinformation for IMP-J
Experiments on IMP-J
Data collections from IMP-J
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: Dr. NataliaE. Papitashvili.
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IMP-J
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-078A[20/08/2010 23:47:02]
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Mr. Paul J.Pashby
ProjectManager
NASA Goddard SpaceFlight Center
Dr. James B.Willett
ProgramManager
NASA Headquarters
Dr. Robert L.Carovillano
ProgramScientist
NASA Headquarters
Dr. Robert E.McGuire
ProjectScientist
NASA Goddard SpaceFlight Center
Other IMP 8 Data/Information at NSSDC
Retrieve/browse selected IMP 8 datasets (FTPBrowser)Retrieve selected IMP 8 datasets (FTP)
Daily Resolution Geocentric Position InformationSolar Wind and Magnetosphere Residence Times
IMP-8 Bibliography 1996-2000
Related Data/Information at NSSDC
Information on earlier IMP spacecraftInformation on other Explorer spacecraft
Other Sources of IMP 8 Data/Information
Retrieve/browse most recent magnetic field data (CDAWeb)Retrieve/browse OMNI (hourly solar wind field/plasma) data (OMNIWeb)Heliocentric Positions of IMP/Earth SystemBow Shock Crossings
IMP 8 Project page
PI SitesMagnetometer (NASA GSFC)Magnetic field and plasma (UCLA IGPP)
Solar Plasma Electrostatic Analyzer (LANL)Faraday cup (MIT)LEPEDEA (U. Iowa)
Electrostatic Energy-Charge Analyzer (EECA) (U. Maryland)EPE and CPME (JHU/APL)CPME (U. Kansas)CRNC (U. Chicago)GME (NASA GSFC)
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=INT4F-6[20/08/2010 23:47:38]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
Intelsat 4 F-6 was a communication satellite with a cylindricaldiameter of 238 cm, 281 cm solar drum height, and 528 cmoverall height. Electric power was supplied by solar cellsmounted on the solar drum face. The satellite had multipleaccess and simultaneous transmission capabilities with acapacity of 3000 circuits with transponder in the earth modeand 9000 circuits with transponder in the spot-beam coveragemode, or 12 TV channels or certain combinations. There were12 transponders, each with a 36-MHz bandwidth, two globaltransmit antennas, teo global receive antennas, and twosteerable spot-beam transmit antennas. The design life of thesatellite was 7 yr.
INTELSAT 4 F-6
NSSDC ID: INT4F-6
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-01-01Launch Vehicle: Atlas-CentaurLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United States
Funding Agency
InternationalTelecommunicationsSatellite Corporation(International)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for INTELSAT4 F-6
Experiments on INTELSAT4 F-6
Data collections fromINTELSAT 4 F-6
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-058A[20/08/2010 23:48:04]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
Intelsat 4 F-7 was a communications satellite with a cylindricaldiameter of 238 cm, 281 cm solar drum height, and 528 cmoverall height. Electric power was supplied by solar cellsmounted on the solar drum face. The satellite had multipleaccess and simultaneous transmission capabilities with acapacity of 3000 circuits with transponder in the earth modeand 9000 circuits with transponder in the spot-beam coveragemode, or 12 TV channels or certain combinations. There were12 transponders, each with a 36-MHz bandwidth, two globaltransmit antennas, two global receive antennas, and twosteerable spot-beam transmit antennas. The design life of thesatellite was 7 years.
INTELSAT 4 F-7
NSSDC ID: 1973-058A
Alternate Names
06796
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-08-23Launch Vehicle: AtlasLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 1410.0 kg
Funding Agencies
Unknown (United States)
InternationalTelecommunicationsSatellite Corporation(International)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for INTELSAT4 F-7
Experiments on INTELSAT4 F-7
Data collections fromINTELSAT 4 F-7
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-022A[20/08/2010 23:48:32]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
Intercosmos 9
NSSDC ID: 1973-022A
Alternate Names
IK- 9
06433
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-04-19LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-4(Sandal IRBM) plus UpperStageLaunch Site: KapustinYar, U.S.S.RMass: 400.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Solar Physics
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation forIntercosmos 9
Experiments onIntercosmos 9
Data collections fromIntercosmos 9
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-082A[20/08/2010 23:48:59]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
The main scientific objective of this satellite was to studymagnetosphere-ionosphere coupling. The spin rate of thesatellite was less than or equal to one revolution every 5 min.Data were transmitted both in real-time and in tape-recordermode. The scientific experiments on board the satelliteincluded measurements of electric and magnetic fieldfluctuations, low-energy particle fluxes, plasma concentrationand temperature, and VLF emissions.
Intercosmos 10
NSSDC ID: 1973-082A
Alternate Names
IK-10
06911
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-10-30LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-5(SKean IRBM) plus UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 550.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Space Physics
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation forIntercosmos 10
Experiments onIntercosmos 10
Data collections fromIntercosmos 10
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=ITOS-E1[20/08/2010 23:49:22]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
ITOS-E was one in a series of improved TIROS-M typesatellites that was launched with new meteorological sensorson board to expand the operational capability of the ITOSsystem. The primary objectives of the ITOS-E meteorologcialsatellite were to provide global daytime and nighttime directreadout cloudcover data on a daily basis. The sun-synchronous spacecraft was also capable of supplying globalatmospheric temperature soundings and very high resolutioninfrared cloudcover data for selected areas in either a directreadout or a tape recorder mode. A secondary objective was toobtain global solar proton flux data on a routine daily basis.The primary sensors consisted of a very high resolutionradiometer (VHRR), a vertical temperature profile radiometer(VTPR), and a scanning radiometer (SR). The VHRR, VTPR,and SR were mounted on the satellite baseplate with theiroptical axes directed vertically earthward. The nearly cubicalspacecraft measured 1 by 1 by 1.2 m. The satellite wasequipped with three curved solar panels that were foldedduring launch and deployed after orbit was achieved. Eachpanel measured over 4.2 m in length when unfolded and wascovered with 3420 solar cells measuring 2 by 2 cm. The ITOSdynamics and attitude control system were to have maintaineddesired spacecraft orientation through gyroscopic principlesincorporated into the satellite design. Earth orientation of thesatellite body was to be maintained by taking advantage of theprecession induced from a momentum flywheel so that thesatellite body precession rate of one revolution per orbitprovided the desired 'earth-looking' attitude. Minor adjustmentsin attitude and orientation were to have been made by meansof magnetic coils and by varying the speed of the momentumflywheel. The spacecraft was launched in July, 1973, but failedto achieve orbit.
ITOS-E
NSSDC ID: ITOS-E1
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-07-16Launch Vehicle: DeltaLaunchSite: Vandenberg AFB,United StatesMass: 747.0 kg
Funding Agency
NOAA NationalEnvironmental SatelliteService (United States)
Discipline
Earth Science
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for ITOS-E
Experiments on ITOS-E
Data collections fromITOS-E
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Mr. Charles M. Hunter General Contact NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Mr. Stanley Weiland Project Manager NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Mr. Isidore L. Goldberg Project Scientist NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-056A[20/08/2010 23:49:43]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
Jumpseat 2 was an electronic intelligence satellite launched bythe US Air Force from Vandenberg AFB aboard a Titan 3Brocket.
Jumpseat 2
NSSDC ID: 1973-056A
Alternate Names
06791
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-08-21Launch Vehicle: TitanLaunchSite: Vandenberg AFB,United StatesMass: 700.0 kg
Funding Agency
Department of Defense-Department of the AirForce (United States)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Jumpseat2
Experiments on Jumpseat2
Data collections fromJumpseat 2
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-028A[20/08/2010 23:50:04]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
This US Air force photo surveillance satellite was launchedfrom Vandenberg AFB aboard a Titan 3B rocket. It was a KH-8(Key Hole-8) type spacecraft.
KH 8-39
NSSDC ID: 1973-028A
Alternate Names
1973-028A
06640
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-05-16Launch Vehicle: TitanLaunchSite: Vandenberg AFB,United StatesMass: 3000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Department of Defense-Department of the AirForce (United States)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for KH 8-39
Experiments on KH 8-39
Data collections from KH 8-39
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-068A[20/08/2010 23:50:25]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
This US Air force photo surveillance satellite was launchedfrom Vandenberg AFB aboard a Titan 3B rocket. It was a KH-8(Key Hole-8) type spacecraft.
KH 8-40
NSSDC ID: 1973-068A
Alternate Names
1973-068A
06837
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-09-27Launch Vehicle: TitanLaunchSite: Vandenberg AFB,United StatesMass: 3000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Department of Defense-Department of the AirForce (United States)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for KH 8-40
Experiments on KH 8-40
Data collections from KH 8-40
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-014A[20/08/2010 23:50:58]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
This US Air Force photo surveillance satellite was launchedfrom Vandenberg AFB aboard a Titan 3D rocket. It was a KH-9(Key Hole-9) type spacecraft.
KH 9-05
NSSDC ID: 1973-014A
Alternate Names
Doppler Beacon 7
DB-7
06382
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-03-09Launch Vehicle: TitanLaunchSite: Vandenberg AFB,United StatesMass: 13300.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (United States)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for KH 9-05
Experiments on KH 9-05
Data collections from KH 9-05
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-046A[20/08/2010 23:51:30]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
This US Air Force photo surveillance satellite was launchedfrom Vandenberg AFB aboard a Titan 3D rocket. It was a KH-9(Key Hole-9) type spacecraft.
KH 9-06
NSSDC ID: 1973-046A
Alternate Names
DB-8
Doppler Beacon 8
06727
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-07-13Launch Vehicle: TitanLaunchSite: Vandenberg AFB,United StatesMass: 13300.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (United States)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for KH 9-06
Experiments on KH 9-06
Data collections from KH 9-06
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-088A[20/08/2010 23:52:27]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
This US Air Force photo surveillance satellite was launchedfrom Vandenberg AFB aboard a Titan 3D rocket. It was a KH-9(Key Hole-9) type spacecraft.
KH 9-07
NSSDC ID: 1973-088A
Alternate Names
Doppler Beacon 9
DB-9
06928
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-11-10Launch Vehicle: TitanLaunchSite: Vandenberg AFB,United StatesMass: 13300.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (United States)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for KH 9-07
Experiments on KH 9-07
Data collections from KH 9-07
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
The Luna 21 spacecraft landed on the Moon and deployed thesecond Soviet lunar rover (Lunokhod 2). The primaryobjectives of the mission were to collect images of the lunarsurface, examine ambient light levels to determine thefeasibility of astronomical observations from the Moon, performlaser ranging experiments from Earth, observe solar X-rays,measure local magnetic fields, and study mechanicalproperties of the lunar surface material.
Lunokhod 2 Rover and SubsystemsThe rover stood 135 cm high and had a mass of 840 kg. It wasabout 170 cm long and 160 cm wide and had 8 wheels eachwith an independent suspension, motor and brake. The roverhad two speeds, ~1 km/hr and ~2 km/hr. Lunokhod 2 wasequipped with three TV cameras, one mounted high on therover for navigation, which could return high resolution imagesat different rates (3.2, 5.7, 10.9 or 21.1 seconds per frame).These images were used by a five-man team of controllers onEarth who sent driving commands to the rover in real time.Power was supplied by a solar panel on the inside of a roundhinged lid which covered the instrument bay, which wouldcharge the batteries when opened. A polonium-210 isotopicheat source was used to keep the rover warm during the lunarnights. There were 4 panoramic cameras mounted on therover. Scientific instruments included a soil mechanics tester,solar X-ray experiment, an astrophotometer to measure visibleand UV light levels, a magnetometer deployed in front of therover on the end of a 2.5 m boom, a radiometer, aphotodetector (Rubin-1) for laser detection experiments, and aFrench-supplied laser corner-reflector. The lander and rovertogether weighed 1814 kg.
Mission ProfileThe SL-12/D-1-e launcher put the spacecraft into Earth parkingorbit followed by translunar injection. On 12 January 1973,Luna 21 was braked into a 90 x 100 km orbit about the Moon.On 13 and 14 January, the perilune was lowered to 16 kmaltitude. On 15 January after 40 orbits, the braking rocket wasfired at 16 km altitude, and the craft went into free fall. At analtitude of 750 meters the main thrusters began firing, slowingthe fall until a height of 22 meters was reached. At this pointthe main thrusters shut down and the secondary thrustersignited, slowing the fall until the lander was 1.5 meters abovethe surface, where the engine was cut off. Landing occurred at23:35 UT in LeMonnier crater at 25.85 degrees N, 30.45degrees E. The lander carried a bas relief of Lenin and theSoviet coat-of-arms.
After landing, the Lunokhod 2 took TV images of the
Luna 21/Lunokhod 2
NSSDC ID: 1973-001A
Alternate Names
Lunokhod 2
Luna 21
06331
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-01-08Launch Vehicle: ProtonBooster Plus Upper Stageand Escape StagesLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 4850.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Disciplines
Planetary Science
Space Physics
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Luna21/Lunokhod 2
PDMP information forLuna 21/Lunokhod 2
Telecommunicationsinformation for Luna21/Lunokhod 2
Experiments on Luna21/Lunokhod 2
Data collections from Luna21/Lunokhod 2
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Luna 21/Lunokhod 2
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surrounding area, then rolled down a ramp to the surface at01:14 UT on 16 January and took pictures of the Luna 21lander and landing site. It stopped and charged batteries until18 January, took more images of the lander and landing site,and then set out over the Moon. The rover would run duringthe lunar day, stopping occasionally to recharge its batteriesvia the solar panels. At night the rover would hibernate untilthe next sunrise, heated by the radioactive source. Lunokhod 2operated for about 4 months, covered 37 km of terrainincluding hilly upland areas and rilles, and sent back 86panoramic images and over 80,000 TV pictures. Manymechanical tests of the surface, laser ranging measurements,and other experiments were completed during this time. OnJune 4 it was announced that the program was completed,leading to speculation that the vehicle probably failed in mid-May or could not be revived after the lunar night of May-June.The Lunokhod laser retroreflector is still used by Earth-basedstations for laser ranging.
about this spacecraft canbe directed to: Dr. David R.Williams.
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Mr. Artem Ivankov General Contact Lavochkin Association [email protected]
Selected References
Soviet space programs, 1966-70, Govt. Printing Office, Senate Doc. No. 92-51, Wash., D.C.,Dec. 1971.
Shelton, W., Soviet space exploration - the first decade, Arthur Barker Ltd., Unnumbered,London, England, 1969.
Harvey, B., The new Russian space programme from competition to collaboration, John Wiley &Sons, Chichester, England, 1996.
Davies, M. E., and T. R. Colvin, Lunar coordinates in the regions of the Apollo landers,J. Geophys. Res., 105, No. E8, 20277-20280, Aug. 2000.
Chaikin, A., The other Moon landings - A Soviet triumph in the shadow of Apollo, Air Space, 30-37, Feb./Mar. 2004.
Lunokhod Mission Profile
Luna 17/Lunokhod 1 Information
Other Soviet Lunar MissionsLunar Science Home Page
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Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
Mariner 10 was the seventh successful launch in the Marinerseries and the first spacecraft to visit Mercury. It was also thefirst spacecraft to use the gravitational pull of one planet(Venus) to reach another (Mercury), and the first spacecraftmission to visit two planets. The spacecraft flew by Mercurythree times in a retrograde heliocentric orbit and returnedimages and data on the planet. Mariner 10 returned the first-ever close-up images of Venus and Mercury. The primaryscientific objectives of the mission were to measure Mercury'senvironment, atmosphere, surface, and body characteristicsand to make similar investigations of Venus. Secondaryobjectives were to perform experiments in the interplanetarymedium and to obtain experience with a dual-planet gravity-assist mission.
Spacecraft and SubsystemsThe spacecraft structure was an eight-sided forger magnesiumframework with eight electronics compartments. It measured1.39 m diagonally and 0.457 m in depth. Two solar panels,each 2.69 m long and 0.97 m wide, were attached at the top,supporting 5.1 sq m of solar cell area. Fully deployed thespacecraft measured 8.0 m across the solar panels and 3.7 mfrom the top of the low-gain antenna to the bottom of the heat-shield. A scan platform with two degrees of freedom wasmounted on the anti-sunward face. A 5.8 m long hingedmagnetometer boom extended from one of the octagonal sidesof the body. Total launch mass was 502.9 kg, of this 29 kgwere propellant and attitude control gas. The total mass ofinstruments onboard was 79.4 kg.
The rocket engine was a 222-N liquid monopropellanthydrazine motor situated below a spherical propellant tankwhich was mounted in the center of the framework. The nozzleprotruded through a sunshade. Two sets of three pairs oforthogonal reaction nitrogen gas jets, mounted on the tips ofthe solar panels, were used to stabilize the spacecraft on threeaxes. Command and control were the responsibility of an on-board computer with a 512 word memory augmented byground commands
Mariner 10 carried a motor driven high-gain dish antenna, a1.37 m diameter aluminum honeycomb-disk parabolic reflector,which was mounted on a boom on the side of the spacecraft. Alow-gain omnidirectional antenna was mounted at the end of a2.85 m boom extending from the anti-solar face of thespacecraft. Feeds enabled the spacecraft to transmit at S- andX-band frequencies, data could be transmitted at a maximumrate of 117.6 kilobits per second. The spacecraft carried aCanopus star tracker, located on the upper ring structure of the
Mariner 10
NSSDC ID: 1973-085A
Alternate Names
Mariner-J
Mariner Venus/Mercury73
06919
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-11-03Launch Vehicle: Atlas-CentaurLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 473.9 kg
Funding Agency
NASA-Office of SpaceScience Applications(United States)
Disciplines
Astronomy
Planetary Science
Space Physics
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Mariner 10
Telecommunicationsinformation for Mariner 10
Experiments on Mariner 10
Data collections fromMariner 10
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: Dr. David R.Williams.
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octagonal satellite, and acquisition sun sensors on the tips ofthe solar panels. The interior of the spacecraft was insulatedwith multilayer thermal blankets at top and bottom. Thesunshade was deployed after launch to protect the spacecrafton the solar-oriented side. Louvered sides on five of the eightelectronics compartments also helped control the interiortemperatures.
Instruments on-board the spacecraft measured theatmospheric, surface, and physical characteristics of Mercuryand Venus. Experiments included television photography,magnetic field, plasma, infrared radiometry, ultravioletspectroscopy, and radio science detectors. An experimental X-band, high-frequency transmitter was flown for the first time onthis spacecraft.
Mission ProfileMariner 10 (also known as Mariner Venus Mercury 1973) wasplaced in a parking orbit after launch for approximately 25minutes, then placed in orbit around the Sun en route toVenus. The protective cover of the sunward-facingelectrostatic analyzers did not open fully after launch, andthese intruments, part of the Scanning Electrostatic Analyzerand Electron Spectrometer experiment, could not be used. Itwas also discovered that the heaters for the televisioncameras had failed, so the cameras were left on to preventlow temperatures from damaging the optics.
A trajectory correction maneuver was made 10 days afterlaunch. Immediately following this manuever the star-trackerlocked onto a bright flake of paint which had come off thespacecraft and lost lock on the guide star Canopus. Anautomated safety protocol recovered Canopus, but the problemof flaking paint recurred throughout the mission. The on-boardcomputer also experienced unscheduled resets occasionally,which would neccesitate reconfiguring the clock sequence andsubsystems. Periodic problems with the high-gain antenna alsooccurred during the cruise. In January 1974 Mariner 10 madeultraviolet observations of Comet Kohoutek and another mid-course correction was made on 21 January. The spacecraftpassed Venus on February 5, 1974, at a closest range of 5768km at 17:01 UT and returned the first close-up images ofVenus. This also marked the first time a spacecraft used agravity assist from one planet to help it reach another.
Enroute to Mercury an attitude control anomaly occurred forthe second time, using up attitude control gas. Some newprocedures were used from that point on to orient thespacecraft, including Sun-line maneuvers and the use of solarwind on the solar panels to orient the spacecraft. Mariner 10crossed the orbit of Mercury on March 29, 1974, at 2046 UT,at a distance of about 704 km from the surface. A secondencounter with Mercury, when more photographs were taken,occurred on September 21, 1974, at an altitude of 48,069 km.Unfortunately the lighted hemisphere was almost the same asthe first encounter, so a large portion of the planet remainedunimaged. A third and last Mercury encounter at an altitude of327 km, with additional photography of about 300 frames andmagnetic field measurements occurred on March 16, 1975.Engineering tests were continued until March 24, 1975, whenthe supply of attitude-control gas was depleted and themission was terminated.
Mariner 10 results showed a Hadley-type circulation existed inVenus' atmosphere and showed that Venus had at best aweak magnetic field, and the ionosphere interacted with thesolar wind to form a bow shock. At Mercury, it was confirmedthat Mercury had no atmosphere and a cratered, dormantMoon-like surface was shown in the images. Mercury was
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shown to have a small magnetic field and a relatively largeiron-rich core. Total research, development, launch, andsupport costs for the Mariner series of spacecraft (Mariners 1through 10) was approximately $554 million. The total cost ofthe Mariner 10 mission was roughly $100 million.
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Dr. N. William Cunningham Program Manager NASA Headquarters
Mr. Walker E. Giberson Project Manager NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Mr. Stephen E. Dwornik Program Scientist NASA Headquarters
Mr. Frank E. Bristow General Contact NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Dr. James A. Dunne Project Scientist NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Selected References
Dunne, J. A., Mariner 10 Mercury encounter, Science, 185, No. 4146, 141-142, July 1974.
Dunne, J. A., Mariner 10 Venus encounter, Science, 183, No. 4131, 1289-1291, Mar. 1974.
Dunne, J. A., and E. Burgess, Voyage of Mariner 10 - missions to Venus and Mercury, JPL,Calif. Inst. Technol., NASA-SP-424, Pasadena, CA, 1978.
Bourke, R. D., and J. G. Beerer, Mariner mission to Venus and Mercury in 1973, Astronaut.Aeronaut., 9, No. 1, 52, Jan. 1971.
Hooke, A. J., The 1973 Mariner mission to Venus and Mercury, part one, Spaceflight, 16, No. 1,25-34, Jan. 1974.
Hooke, A. J., The 1973 Mariner mission to Venus and Mercury, part two, Spaceflight, 16, No. 2,46-54, Feb. 1974.
Shirley, D. L., The Mariner 10 mission to Venus and Mercury, Acta Astronaut., 53, No. 4-10,375-385, 2003.
Murray, B., and E. Burgess, Flight to Mercury, Columbia Univ. Press, New York, 1977.
Labelled Diagram of Mariner 10
Other Mariner 10 Information/Data at NSSDC
Mariner 10 images of Mercury (Catalog of Spaceborne Imaging)Mariner 10 images of Mercury (NSSDC Photo Gallery)Retrieve heliospheric data from NSSDC's anonymous FTP site
Related Information/Data at NSSDC
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NSSDC Mercury PageNSSDC Venus PageMESSENGER mission to MercuryBepi-Colombo mission to Mercury
Other Sources of Mariner 10 Information/Data
The Voyage of Mariner 10: Mission to Venus and Mercury (NASA History Office) Atlas of Mercury (NASA History Office)Mariner 10 Mercury Image Project (Northwestern Univ.)
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Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
Mars 4, 5, 6, and 7 comprised an associated group of Sovietspacecraft launched towards Mars in July and August of 1973.The Mars 4 automatic station was intended to be a Marsorbiter mission. It was presumably very similar in design andintended mission to the Mars 5 orbiter launched 4 days later.The orbiter had a fully fueled launch mass of 3440 kg. It wasput into Earth orbit by a Proton SL-12/D-1-e booster andlaunched from its orbital platform roughly an hour and a halflater on a Mars trajectory. A mid-course correction burn wasmade on 30 July 1973. It reached Mars on 10 February 1974.Due to a flaw in the computer chip which resulted indegradation of the chip during the voyage to Mars, the retro-rockets never fired to slow the craft into Mars orbit, and Mars 4flew by the planet at a range of 2200 km. It returned one swathof pictures and some radio occultation data which constitutedthe first detection of the nightside ionosphere on Mars. Itcontinued to return interplanetary data from solar orbit after theflyby.
Scientific InstrumentationMars 4 was equipped with a television imaging systemconsisting of two cameras. One, called Vega, was f/2.8 with afocal length of 52 mm, a 23 x 22.5 mm frame, and a 35.7degree look angle. The other camera, Zufar, was f/4.5 with a350 mm focal length, 23 x 22.5 mm frame, and a 5.67 degreelook angle. The images were taken through red filters andcould be facsimile scanned at 1000 x 1000 or 2000 x 2000pixels and transmitted to Earth. The cameras provided pictureswith resolutions of 100 m to 1 km. In addition, there was asingle-line scanning device with a 30 degree field of view toprovide panoramic images in the visible and near-infrared.
The spacecraft was also equipped with a Lyman-Alphaphotometer to search for hydrogen in the upper atmosphere, amagnetometer, plasma ion traps and a narrow angleelectrostatic plasma sensor to study the solar wind, an infraredradiometer (8-40 microns) to measure surface temperature, aradio telescope polarimeter (3.5 cm) to probe the subsurfacedielectric constant, two polarimeters (0.32-0.70 microns) tocharacterize surface texture, and a spectrometer (0.3 - 0.8microns) to study emissions in the upper atmosphere.
There were four photometers on board: one for 2 carbondioxide bands to obtain altitude profiles, one at 0.35 - 0.7microns for albedo and color studies, one in the water vaporband (1.38 microns) to study water in the atmosphere, and aUV photometer (0.26 and 0.28 microns) to measure ozone.The probe was equipped with a radio-occultation experiment toprofile atmospheric density and a dual-frequency radio
Mars 4
NSSDC ID: 1973-047A
Alternate Names
06742
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-07-21Launch Vehicle: ProtonBooster Plus Upper Stageand Escape StagesLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 2270.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Disciplines
Planetary Science
Space Physics
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Mars 4
PDMP information forMars 4
Telecommunicationsinformation for Mars 4
Experiments on Mars 4
Data collections from Mars4
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occultation experiment to profile ionospheric density. Thespacecraft also carried French experiments, one called Zhemoto study the distribution and intensity of fluxes of solar protonsand electrons and one known as Stereo-2 to study solar radioemissions.
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Mr. Artem Ivankov General Contact Lavochkin Association [email protected]
Selected References
Shelton, W., Soviet space exploration - the first decade, Arthur Barker Ltd., Unnumbered,London, England, 1969.
Harvey, B., The new Russian space programme from competition to collaboration, John Wiley &Sons, Chichester, England, 1996.
Perminov, V. G., The difficult road to Mars - A brief history of Mars exploration in the SovietUnion, NASA, No. 15, Wash, DC, July 1999.
Other Mars flights in the 1973 launch opportunity seriesMars 5Mars 6Mars 7
Chronology of Mars ExplorationThe Difficult Road to Mars - Online Book, 1999 (PDF file) Mars Page
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
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Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
Mars 4, 5, 6, and 7 comprised an associated group of Sovietspacecraft launched towards Mars in July and August of 1973.The Mars 5 automatic station was designed to orbit Mars andreturn information on the composition, structure, and propertiesof the martian atmosphere and surface. The spacecraft wasalso designed to act as a communications link to the Mars 6and 7 landers. The orbiter operated only a few days andreturned atmospheric data and images of a small portion of themartian southern hemisphere.
Mission ProfileMars 5 was launched into Earth orbit by a Proton SL-12/D-1-ebooster, and propelled from its orbital platform into a Marstransfer trajectory at 20:15 UT on 25 July 1973. The fullyfueled launch mass of the orbiter was 3440 kg. After a mid-course correction burn on 3 August, the spacecraft reachedMars on 12 February 1974 at 15:45 UT and was inserted intoan elliptical 1755 km x 32,555 km, 24 hr, 53 min. orbit with aninclination of 35.3 degrees. Mars 5 collected data for 22 orbitsuntil a loss of pressurization in the transmitter housing endedthe mission. About 60 images were returned over a nine dayperiod showing swaths of the area south of Valles Marineris,from 5 N, 330 W to 20 S, 130 W. Measurements by otherinstruments were made near periapsis along 7 adjacent arcs inthis same region.
Scientific InstrumentationMars 5 was equipped with a television imaging systemconsisting of two cameras. One, called Vega, was f/2.8 with afocal length of 52 mm, a 23 x 22.5 mm frame, and a 35.7degree look angle. The other camera, Zufar, was f/4.5 with a350 mm focal length, 23 x 22.5 mm frame, and a 5.67 degreelook angle. The images were taken through blue, red, andgreen filters in addition to a special orange filter and could befacsimile scanned at 1000 x 1000 or 2000 x 2000 pixels andtransmitted to Earth. The cameras provided pictures withresolutions of 100 m to 1 km. In addition, there was a single-line scanning device with a 30 degree field of view to providepanoramic images in the visible and near-infrared.
The spacecraft was also equipped with a Lyman-Alphaphotometer to search for hydrogen in the upper atmosphere, amagnetometer, plasma ion traps and a narrow angleelectrostatic plasma sensor to stidy the solar wind, an infraredradiometer (8-40 microns) to measure surface temperature, aradio telescope polarimeter (3.5 cm) to probe the subsurfacedielectric constant, two polarimeters (0.32-0.70 microns) tocharacterize surface texture, and a spectrometer (0.3 - 0.8microns) to study emissions in the upper atmosphere.
Mars 5
NSSDC ID: 1973-049A
Alternate Names
06754
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-07-25Launch Vehicle: ProtonBooster Plus Upper Stageand Escape StagesLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 2270.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Disciplines
Planetary Science
Space Physics
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Mars 5
PDMP information forMars 5
Telecommunicationsinformation for Mars 5
Experiments on Mars 5
Data collections from Mars5
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: Dr. David R.Williams.
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There were four photometers on board: one for 2 carbondioxide bands to obtain altitude profiles, one at 0.35 - 0.7microns for albedo and color studies, one in the water vaporband (1.38 microns) to study water in the atmosphere, and aUV photometer (0.26 and 0.28 microns) to measure ozone.The probe was equipped with a radio-occultation experiment toprofile atmospheric density and a dual-frequency radiooccultation experiment to profile ionospheric density. Thespacecraft also carried French experiments, one called Zhemoto study the distribution and intensity of fluxes of solar protonsand electrons and one known as Stereo-2 to study solar radioemissions.
Scientific ResultsData returned from orbit by the Mars 5 infrared radiometershowed a maximum surface temperature of 272 K, 230 K nearthe terminator and 200 K at night. Thermal inertia of soil wasconsistent with grain sizes of 0.1 to 0.5 mm, polarization datashowed grain sizes smaller than 0.04 mm in aeolian deposits.Six altitude profiles were measured by the CO2 photometer. U,Th, and K composition similar to terrestrial mafic rocks werefound. A dielectric constant from 2.5 to 4 was measured atdepths of several tens of cm. A high water vapor content (100precipitable microns) was found south of Tharsis region. Anozone layer was detected at 40 km altitude with about one-thousandth the concentration of Earth's. The exospheretemperature was measured at 295-355 K, 10 K lowertemperatures were found from 200 to 87 km. A small magneticfield was postulated, about .0003 Earth's. Mars 5 alsoperformed a radio occultation experiment and the results, inconcert with results from Mars 4 and 6 occultationmeasurements, showed the existence of a nightsideionosphere with a maximum electron density of 4600 per cubiccm at an altitude of 110 km and a near surface atmosphericpressure of 6.7 mbar.
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Mr. Artem Ivankov General Contact Lavochkin Association [email protected]
Selected References
Shelton, W., Soviet space exploration - the first decade, Arthur Barker Ltd., Unnumbered,London, England, 1969.
Harvey, B., The new Russian space programme from competition to collaboration, John Wiley &Sons, Chichester, England, 1996.
Perminov, V. G., The difficult road to Mars - A brief history of Mars exploration in the SovietUnion, NASA, No. 15, Wash, DC, July 1999.
Other Mars flights in the 1973 launch opportunity seriesMars 4Mars 6Mars 7
Chronology of Mars ExplorationThe Difficult Road to Mars - Online Book, 1999 (PDF file) Mars Page
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
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Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
Mars 4, 5, 6, and 7 comprised an associated group of Sovietspacecraft launched towards Mars in July and August of 1973.The Mars 6 interplanetary station consisted of a flyby bus andan attached descent module. The descent module separatedfrom the bus on reaching Mars and was designed to enter themartian atmosphere and make in-situ studies of the Marsatmosphere and surface.
Mission ProfileMars 6 successfully lifted off into an intermediate Earth orbit ona Proton SL-12/D-1-e booster and then launched into a Marstransfer trajectory. Total fueled launch mass of the lander andbus was 3260 kg. After one course correction burn on 13August 1973, it reached Mars on 12 March 1974. The descentmodule separated from the bus at a distance of 48,000 kmfrom Mars. The bus continued on into a heliocentric orbit afterpassing within 1600 km of Mars. The descent module enteredthe atmosphere at 09:05:53 UT at a speed of 5.6 km/s. Theparachute opened at 09:08:32 UT after the module had slowedits speed to 600 m/s by aerobraking. During this time the craftwas collecting data and transmitting it directly to the bus forimmediate relay to Earth. Contact with the descent modulewas lost at 09:11:05 UT in "direct proximity to the surface",probably either when the retrorockets fired or when it hit thesurface at an estimated 61 m/s. Mars 6 landed at 23.90 S,19.42 W in the Margaritifer Sinus region of Mars. The landedmass was 635 kg. The descent module transmitted 224seconds of data before transmissions ceased, the first datareturned from the atmosphere of Mars. Unfortunately, much ofthe data were unreadable due to a flaw in a computer chipwhich led to degradation of the system during its journey toMars.
Scientific InstrumentationThe Mars 6 Descent Module carried a panoramictelephotometer to image the martian surface around thelander, atmospheric temperature, pressure, density, and windsensors, an accelerometer to measure atmospheric densityduring the descent, a mass spectrometer to estimateatmospheric composition, a radio altimeter, an activationanalysis experiment to study soil composition, and mechanicalproperties soil sensors. The flyby module contained atelephotometer to image Mars, a Lyman alpha sensor tosearch for hydrogen in the upper atmosphere, amagnetometer, an ion trap and narrow angle electrostaticplasma sensor to study the solar wind and its interaction withMars, solar cosmic ray sensors, micrometeorite sensors, and aFrench-supplied solar radiometer to measure solar long-wavelength radio emissions. It was also equipped to perform a
Mars 6
NSSDC ID: 1973-052A
Alternate Names
06768
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-08-05Launch Vehicle: ProtonBooster Plus Upper Stageand Escape StagesLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 635.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Disciplines
Planetary Science
Space Physics
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Mars 6
PDMP information forMars 6
Telecommunicationsinformation for Mars 6
Experiments on Mars 6
Data collections from Mars6
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: Dr. David R.Williams.
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http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-052A[20/08/2010 23:57:19]
radio occultation experiment to profile the atmosphere andionosphere.
Scientific ResultsData returned by the Mars 6 descent module allowed a profileof tropospheric structure from the base of the stratosphere at25 km altitude at 150 K to the surface at 230 K andatmospheric density from 82 km to 12 km. A surface pressureof 6 mb and temperature of (230 K) -43 C were measured.Instruments also indicated "several times" more atmosphericwater vapor than previously reported. The mass spectrometerdata were stored on-board during the descent and scheduledto be transmitted after landing and were therefore lost. Thecurrent to the vacuum pump was transmitted as anengineering parameter, however, and a steep increase incurrent was found. It was hypothesized to indicate an inert gaswhich could not be removed by the pump, leading to anestimate of argon abundance in the atmosphere of 25% to45%. (The actual value is now known to be about 1.6%.) TheMars 6 flyby bus performed a radio occultation experiment andthe results, in concert with results from Mars 4 and 5occultation measurements, showed the existence of anightside ionosphere with a maximum electron density of 4600per cubic cm at an altitude of 110 km and a near surfaceatmospheric pressure of 6.7 mbar.
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Mr. Artem Ivankov General Contact Lavochkin Association [email protected]
Selected References
Shelton, W., Soviet space exploration - the first decade, Arthur Barker Ltd., Unnumbered,London, England, 1969.
Harvey, B., The new Russian space programme from competition to collaboration, John Wiley &Sons, Chichester, England, 1996.
Istomin, V. G., and K. V. Grechnev, Argon in the Martian atmosphere: Evidence from the Mars 6descent module, Icarus, 28, No. 2, 155-158, 1976.
Perminov, V. G., The difficult road to Mars - A brief history of Mars exploration in the SovietUnion, NASA, No. 15, Wash, DC, July 1999.
Other Mars flights in the 1973 launch opportunity seriesMars 4Mars 5Mars 7
Chronology of Mars ExplorationThe Difficult Road to Mars - Online Book, 1999 (PDF file) Mars Page
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-053A[20/08/2010 23:57:49]
Friday, 20 August 2010
Description
Mars 4, 5, 6, and 7 comprised an associated group of Sovietspacecraft launched towards Mars in July and August of 1973.The Mars 7 interplanetary station was intended to be a Marslander. It consisted of a flyby bus and a descent module. Thedescent module was designed to enter the martianatmosphere and make in-situ studies of the atmosphere andsurface, but a malfunction on board caused the lander to missthe planet.
Mission ProfileMars 7 successfully lifted off into an intermediate Earth orbit ona Proton SL-12/D-1-e booster and then launched into a Marstransfer trajectory. Total fueled launch mass of the lander andbus was 3260 kg. After one course correction burn on 16August 1973, it reached Mars on 9 March 1974. Due to aproblem in the operation of one of the onboard systems(attitude control or retro-rockets) the landing probe separatedprematurely (4 hours before encounter) and missed the planetby 1300 km. The early separation was probably due to acomputer chip error which resulted in degradation of thesystems during the trip to Mars. The intended landing site was50 S, 28 W and landed mass would have been 635 kg. Thelander and bus continued on into heliocentric orbits.
Scientific InstrumentationThe Mars 7 Descent Module carried a panoramictelephotometer to image the martian surface around thelander, atmospheric temperature, pressure, density, and windsensors, an accelerometer to measure atmospheric densityduring the descent, a mass spectrometer to estimateatmospheric composition, a radio altimeter, an activationanalysis experiment to study soil composition, and mechanicalproperties soil sensors. The flyby module contained atelephotometer to image Mars, a Lyman alpha sensor tosearch for hydrogen in the upper atmosphere, amagnetometer, an ion trap and narrow angle electrostaticplasma sensor to study the solar wind and its interaction withMars, solar cosmic ray sensors, micrometeorite sensors, and aFrench-supplied solar radiometer to measure solar long-wavelength radio emissions. It was also equipped to perform aradio occultation experiment to profile the atmosphere andionosphere.
Mars 7
NSSDC ID: 1973-053A
Alternate Names
06776
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-08-09Launch Vehicle: ProtonBooster Plus Upper Stageand Escape StagesLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 1200.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Disciplines
Planetary Science
Space Physics
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Mars 7
PDMP information forMars 7
Telecommunicationsinformation for Mars 7
Experiments on Mars 7
Data collections from Mars7
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: Dr. David R.Williams.
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Mars 7
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-053A[20/08/2010 23:57:49]
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Mr. Artem Ivankov General Contact Lavochkin Association [email protected]
Selected References
Shelton, W., Soviet space exploration - the first decade, Arthur Barker Ltd., Unnumbered,London, England, 1969.
Harvey, B., The new Russian space programme from competition to collaboration, John Wiley &Sons, Chichester, England, 1996.
Perminov, V. G., The difficult road to Mars - A brief history of Mars exploration in the SovietUnion, NASA, No. 15, Wash, DC, July 1999.
Other Mars flights in the 1973 launch opportunity seriesMars 4Mars 5Mars 6
Chronology of Mars ExplorationThe Difficult Road to Mars - Online Book, 1999 (PDF file) Mars Page
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-015A[20/08/2010 23:58:10]
Saturday, 21 August 2010
Description
This was the 14th fully operational meteorological satellite inthe Soviet Meteor 1 program. The satellite was placed in anear-circular, near-polar orbit to provide global observations ofthe earth's weather systems, cloud cover, ice and snow fields,vertical profiles of temperature and moisture, and reflected andemitted radiation from the dayside and nightside of the earth-atmosphere system for operational use by the SovietHydrometeorological Service. Its 900-km orbit seemed to verifya continued effort by the USSR to place new Meteor satellitesin high orbits -- about 240 km higher than the orbits of earlyspacecraft in the series. Meteor 1 was equipped with twovidicon cameras with APT capability for taking daysidepictures, a scanning high-resolution IR radiometer, also withAPT capability, for taking dayside and nightside pictures, a setof actinometric instruments for making measurements of theearth's radiation field in the visual and infrared regions, and amedium-resolution scanning diffraction spectrometer fordetermining indirectly the vertical profiles of atmospherictemperature and humidity. The satellite was in the form of acylinder 5 m long and 1.5 m in diameter with two large solarpanels attached to the sides. The solar panels wereautomatically oriented toward the sun to provide the spacecraftwith the maximum amount of solar power. Meteor 1 wasoriented toward the earth by gravity-gradient control of the 2axes. The X and Y axes were mechanically stabilized by asystem of flywheels whose kinetic energy was dampened bythe use of controlled electromagnets on board that interactedwith the magnetic field of the earth. The instruments werehoused in the base of the satellite, which pointed toward theearth, while the solar sensors were mounted in the top section.The operational 'Meteor' weather satellite system usuallyconsists of two satellites spaced at 90-deg intervals. Thisallowed for nearly continuous monitoring of the formation,development, and movement of major weather systems. Whenwithin communication range, the data acquired weretransmitted directly to the ground receiving centers in Moscow,Novosibirsk, or Vladivostok or to APT-equipped stations withinthe USSR. During its passes over regions beyondcommunication range, Meteor 1 recorded the TV and IRpictures, spectrometer data, and actinometric data and storedthem on board until the satellite passed over one of thereceiving centers. The meteorological data received at thesecenters were processed, reduced, and sent to theHydrometeorological Center in Moscow, where they wereanalyzed and used for preparing various forecast and analysisproducts. Some of the TV and IR pictures were thendistributed in real time to various meteorological center aroundthe world.
Meteor 1-14
NSSDC ID: 1973-015A
Alternate Names
Meteor 1-14
06392
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-03-20LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 1stGeneration Upper StageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 2000.0 kg
Funding Agency
SovietHydrometeorologicalService (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Earth Science
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Meteor 1-14
Experiments on Meteor 1-14
Data collections fromMeteor 1-14
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-015A[20/08/2010 23:58:10]
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Project Scientist Soviet Hydrometeorological Service
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-034A[20/08/2010 23:58:32]
Saturday, 21 August 2010
Description
This was the 15th fully operational meteorological satellite inthe Soviet Meteor 1 program. The satellite was placed in anear-circular, near-polar orbit to provide global observations ofthe earth's weather systems, cloud cover, ice and snow fields,vertical profiles of temperature and moisture, and relected andemitted radiation from the dayside and nightside of the earth-atmosphere system for operational use by the SovietHydrometeorological Service. Its 900-km orbit seemed to verifya continued effort by the USSR to place new Meteor satellitesin high orbit -- about 240 km higher than the orbits of earlyspacecraft in the series. Meteor 1 was equipped with twovidicon cameras with APT capability for taking daysidepictures, a scanning high-resolution IR radiometer, also withAPT capability, for taking dayside and nightside pictures, a setof actinometric instruments for making measurements of theearth's radiation field in the visual and infrared regions, and amedium-resolution scanning diffraction spectrometer fordetermining indirectly the vertical profiles of atmospherictemperature and humidity. The satellite was in the form of acylinder 5 m long and 1.5 m in diameter with two large solarpanels attached to tht sides. The solar panels wereautomatically oriented toward the sun so as to provide thespacecraft with the maximum amount of solar power. Meteor 1was oriented toward the earth by gravity-gradient control of the3 axes. The X and Y axes were mechanically stabilized by asystem of flywheels whose kinetic energy was dampened bythe use of controlled electromagnets on board that interactedwith the magnetic field of the earth. The instruments werehoused in the base of the satellite, which pointed toward theearth, while the solar sensors were mounted in the top section.The operational 'Meteor' weather satellite system usuallyconsists of two satellites spaced at 90-deg intervals. Thisallowed for nearly continuous monitoring of the formation,development, and movement of major weather systems. Whenwithin communication range, the data acquired weretransmitted directly to the ground receiving centers in Moscow,Novosibirsk, or Vladivostok or to APT-equipped stations withinthe USSR. During its passes over regions beyondcommunication range, Meteor 1 recorded the TV and IRpictures, spectrometer data, and actinometric data and storedthem on board until the satellite passed over one of thereceiving centers. The Meteorological data received at thesecenters were processed, reduced, and sent to theHydrometeorological Center in Moscow, where they wereanalyzed and used for preparing various forecast and analysisproducts. Some of the TV and IR pictures were thendistributed in real time to various meteorological centersaround the world.
Meteor 1-15
NSSDC ID: 1973-034A
Alternate Names
Meteor 1-15
06659
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-05-29LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 1stGeneration Upper StageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 2000.0 kg
Funding Agency
SovietHydrometeorologicalService (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Earth Science
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Meteor 1-15
Experiments on Meteor 1-15
Data collections fromMeteor 1-15
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-034A[20/08/2010 23:58:32]
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Project Manager Soviet Hydrometeorological Service
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-007A[21/08/2010 0:00:31]
Saturday, 21 August 2010
Description
Molniya 1/23 was a first-generation Russian communicationssatellite orbited to test and perfect a system of radiocommunications and television broadcasting using earthsatellites as active transponders and to experiment with thesystem in practical use. The basic function of the satellite wasto relay television programs and long-distance two-waymultichannel telephone, phototelephone, and telegraph linksfrom Moscow to the various standard ground receiving stationsin the 'Orbita' system. The satellite was in the form of ahermetically sealed cylinder with conical ends -- one endcontained the orbital correcting engine and a system ofmicrojets, and the other end contained externally mountedsolar and earth sensors. Inside the cylinder were (1) a high-sensitivity receiver and three 800-MHz 40-w transmitters (oneoperational and two in reserve), (2) telemetering devices thatmonitored equipment operation, (3) chemical batteries thatwere constantly recharged by solar cells, and (4) an electroniccomputer that controlled all equipment on board. Mountedaround the central cylinder were six large solar battery panelsand two directional, high-gain parabolic aerials, 180 deg apart.One of the aerials was directed continually toward the earth bythe highly sensitive earth sensors. The second aerial was heldin reserve. Signals were transmitted in a fairly narrow beamensuring a strong reception at the earth's surface. The satellitereceived telemetry at 1000 MHz. Television service wasprovided in a frequency range of 3.4 to 4.1 GHz at 40 w.Molniya 1/23, whose cylindrical body was 3.4 m long and 1.6 min diameter, was much heavier than corresponding U.S.COMSATs, and it had about 10 times the power output of theEarly Bird COMSAT. In addition, it did not employ ageosynchronous equatorial orbit as have most U.S. COMSATsbecause such an orbit would not provide coverage for areasnorth of 70 deg n latitude. Instead, the satellite was boostedfrom a low-altitude parking orbit into a highly elliptical orbit withtwo high apogees daily over the northern hemisphere -- oneover Russia and one over North America -- and relatively lowperigees over the southern hemisphere. During its apogee,Molniya 1/23 remained relatively stationary with respect to theearth below for nearly 8 of every 12 hr. By placing three ormore Molniya 1 satellites in this type of orbit, spacing themsuitably, and shifting their orbital planes relative to each otherby 120 deg, a 24-hr/day communication system could beobtained.
Molniya 1-23
NSSDC ID: 1973-007A
Alternate Names
Molniya 1Y
06356
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-02-03LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration Upper Stage +Escape StageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 1000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Molniya 1-23
Experiments on Molniya 1-23
Data collections fromMolniya 1-23
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-061A[21/08/2010 0:01:04]
Saturday, 21 August 2010
Description
Molniya 1/24 was a first-generation Russian communicationssatellite orbited to test and perfect a system of radiocommunications and television broadcasting using earthsatellites as active transponders and to experiment with thesystem in practical use. The basic function of the satellite wasto relay television programs and long-distance two-waymultichannel telephone, phototelephone, and telegraph linksfrom Moscow to the various standard ground receiving stationsin the 'Orbita' system. The satellite was in the form of ahermetically sealed cylinder with conical ends -- one endcontained the orbital correcting engine and a system ofmicrojets, and the other end contained externally mountedsolar and earth sensors. Inside the cylinder were (1) a high-sensitivity receiver and three 800-MHz 40-w transmitters (oneoperational and two in reserve), (2) telemetering devices thatmonitored equipment operation, (3) chemical batteries thatwere constantly recharged by solar cells, and (4) an electroniccomputer that controlled all equipment on board. Mountedaround the central cylinder were six large solar battery panelsand two directional, high-gain parabolic aerials, 180 deg apart.One of the aerials was directed continually toward the earth bythe highly sensitive earth sensors. The second aerial was heldin reserve. Signals were transmitted in a fairly narrow beamensuring a strong reception at the earth's surface. The satellitereceived telemetry at 1000 MHz. Television service wasprovided in a frequency range of 3.4 to 4.1 GHz at 40 w.Molniya 1/24, whose cylindrical body was 3.4 m long and 1.6 min diameter, was much heavier than corresponding U.S.COMSATs, and it had about 10 times the power output of theEarly Bird COMSAT. In addition, it did not employ ageosynchronous equatorial orbit as have most U.S. COMSATsbecause such an orbit would not provide coverage for areasnorth of 70 deg n latitude. Instead, the satellite was boostedfrom a low-altitude parking orbit into a highly elliptical orbit withtwo high apogees daily over the northern hemisphere -- oneover Russia and one over North America -- and relatively lowperigees over the southern hemisphere. During its apogee,Molniya 1/24 remained relatively stationary with respect to theearth below for nearly 8 of every 12 hr. By placing three ormore Molniya 1 satellites in this type of orbit, spacing themsuitably, and shifting their orbital planes relative to each otherby 120 deg, a 24-hr/day communication system could beobtained.
Molniya 1-24
NSSDC ID: 1973-061A
Alternate Names
Molniya 1Z
06805
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-08-30LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration Upper Stage +Escape StageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 1000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Molniya 1-24
Experiments on Molniya 1-24
Data collections fromMolniya 1-24
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, II
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http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-089A[21/08/2010 0:01:28]
Saturday, 21 August 2010
Description
Molniya 1/25 was a first-generation Russian communicationssatellite orbited to test and perfect a system of radiocommunications and television broadcasting using earthsatellites as active transponders and to experiment with thesystem in practical use. The basic function of the satellite wasto relay television programs and long-distance two-waymultichannel telephone, phototelephone, and telegraph linksfrom Moscow to the various standard ground receiving stationsin the 'Orbita' system. The satellite was in the form of ahermetically sealed cylinder with conical ends -- one endcontained the orbital correcting engine and a system ofmicrojets, and the other end contained externally mountedsolar and earth sensors. Inside the cylinder were (1) a high-sensitivity receiver and three 800-MHz 40-w transmitters (oneoperational and two in reserve), (2) telemetering devices thatmonitored equipment operation, (3) chemical batteries thatwere constantly recharged by solar cells, and (4) an electroniccomputer that controlled all equipment on board. Mountedaround the central cylinder were six large solar battery panelsand two directional, high-gain parabolic aerials, 180 deg apart.One of the aerials was directed continually toward the earth bythe highly sensitive earth sensors. The second aerial was heldin reserve. Signals were transmitted in a fairly narrow beamensuring a strong reception at the earth's surface. The satellitereceived telemetry at 1000 MHz. Television service wasprovided in a frequency range of 3.4 to 4.1 GHz at 40 w.Molniya 1/25, whose cylindrical body was 3.4 m long and 1.6 min diameter, was much heavier than corresponding U.S.COMSATs, and it had about 10 times the power output of theEarly Bird COMSAT. In addition, it did not employ ageosynchronous equatorial orbit as have most U.S. COMSATsbecause such an orbit would not provide coverage for areasnorth of 70 deg n latitude. Instead, the satellite was boostedfrom a low-altitude parking orbit into a highly elliptical orbit withtwo high apogees daily over the northern hemisphere -- oneover Russia and one over North America -- and relatively lowperigees over the southern hemisphere. During its apogee,Molniya 1/25 remained relatively stationary with respect to theearth below for nearly 8 of every 12 hr. By placing three ormore Molniya 1 satellites in this type of orbit, spacing themsuitably, and shifting their orbital planes relative to each otherby 120 deg, a 24-hr/day communication system could beobtained.
Molniya 1-25
NSSDC ID: 1973-089A
Alternate Names
Molniya 1ZA
06932
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-11-14LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration Upper Stage +Escape StageLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 1000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Molniya 1-25
Experiments on Molniya 1-25
Data collections fromMolniya 1-25
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-097A[21/08/2010 0:01:52]
Saturday, 21 August 2010
Description
Molniya 1/26 was a first-generation Russian communicationssatellite orbited to test and perfect a system of radiocommunications and television broadcasting using earthsatellites as active transponders and to experiment with thesystem in practical use. The basic function of the satellite wasto relay television programs and long-distance two-waymultichannel telephone, phototelephone, and telegraph linksfrom Moscow to the various standard ground receiving stationsin the 'Orbita' system. The satellite was in the form of ahermetically sealed cylinder with conical ends -- one endcontained the orbital correcting engine and a system ofmicrojets, and the other end contained externally mountedsolar and earth sensors. Inside the cylinder were (1) a high-sensitivity receiver and three 800-MHz 40-w transmitters (oneoperational and two in reserve), (2) telemetering devices thatmonitored equipment operation, (3) chemical batteries thatwere constantly recharged by solar cells, and (4) an electroniccomputer that controlled all equipment on board. Mountedaround the central cylinder were six large solar battery panelsand two directional, high-gain parabolic aerials, 180 deg apart.One of the aerials was directed continually toward the earth bythe highly sensitive earth sensors. The second aerial was heldin reserve. Signals were transmitted in a fairly narrow beamensuring a strong reception at the earth's surface. The satellitereceived telemetry at 1000 MHz. Television service wasprovided in a frequency range of 3.4 to 4.1 GHz at 40 w.Molniya 1/26, whose cylindrical body was 3.4 m long and 1.6 min diameter, was much heavier than corresponding U.S.COMSATs, and it had about 10 times the power output of theEarly Bird COMSAT. In addition, it did not employ ageosynchronous equatorial orbit as have most U.S. COMSATsbecause such an orbit would not provide coverage for areasnorth of 70 deg n latitude. Instead, the satellite was boostedfrom a low-altitude parking orbit into a highly elliptical orbit withtwo high apogees daily over the northern hemisphere -- oneover Russia and one over North America -- and relatively lowperigees over the southern hemisphere. During its apogee,Molniya 1/26 remained relatively stationary with respect to theearth below for nearly 8 of every 12 hr. By placing three ormore Molniya 1 satellites in this type of orbit, spacing themsuitably, and shifting their orbital planes relative to each otherby 120 deg, a 24-hr/day communication system could beobtained.
Molniya 1-26
NSSDC ID: 1973-097A
Alternate Names
Molniya 1ZB
06958
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-11-30LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration Upper Stage +Escape StageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 1000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Molniya 1-26
Experiments on Molniya 1-26
Data collections fromMolniya 1-26
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, II
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-018A[21/08/2010 0:02:15]
Saturday, 21 August 2010
Description
Molniya 2/5 was a first-generation Russian communicationssatellite (COMSAT) orbited to test and perfect a system ofradio communications and television broadcasting using earthsatellites as active transponders and to experiment with thesystem in practical use. The basic function of the satellite wasto relay television programs and long-distance two-waymultichannel telephone, phototelephone, and telegraph linksfrom Moscow to the various standard ground receiving stationsin the 'Orbita' system. The satellite was in the form of ahermetically sealed cylinder with conical ends -- one endcontained the orbital correcting engine and a system ofmicrojets, and the other end contained externally mountedsolar and earth sensors. Inside the cylinder were (1) a high-sensitivity receiver and three 800-MHz 40-w transmitters (oneoperational and two in reserve), (2) telemetering devices thatmonitored equipment operation, (3) chemical batteries thatwere constantly recharged by solar cells, and (4) an electroniccomputer that controlled all equipment on board. Mountedaround the central cylinder were six large solar battery panelsand two directional, high-gain parabolic aerials, 180 deg apart.One of the aerials was directed continually toward the earth bythe highly sensitive earth sensors. The second aerial was heldin reserve. Signals were transmitted in a fairly narrow beamensuring a strong reception at the earth's surface. The satellitereceived telemetry at 1000 MHz. Television service wasprovided in a frequency range of 3.4 to 4.1 GHz at 40 w.Molniya 2/5, whose cylindrical body was 3.4 m long and 1.6 min diameter, was much heavier than corresponding U.S.COMSATs, and it had about 10 times the power output of theEarly Bird COMSAT. In addition, it did not employ ageosynchronous equatorial orbit as have most U.S. COMSATsbecause such an orbit would not provide coverage for areasnorth of 70 deg n latitude. Instead, the satellite was boostedfrom a low-altitude parking orbit into a highly elliptical orbit withtwo high apogees daily over the northern hemisphere -- oneover Russia and one over North America -- and relatively lowperigees over the southern hemisphere. During its apogee,Molniya 2/5 remained relatively stationary with respect to theearth below for nearly 8 of every 12 hr. By placing three ofmore Molniya 2 satellites in this type of orbit, spacing themsuitably, and shifting their orbital planes relative to each otherby 120 deg, a 24-hr/day communication system could beobtained.
Molniya 2- 5
NSSDC ID: 1973-018A
Alternate Names
Molniya 2E
06418
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-04-05LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration Upper Stage +Escape StageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 1250.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Molniya 2-5
Experiments on Molniya 2-5
Data collections fromMolniya 2- 5
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, II
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-045A[21/08/2010 0:02:36]
Saturday, 21 August 2010
Description
Molniya 2/6 was a first-generation Russian communicationssatellite (COMSAT) orbited to test and perfect a system ofradio communications and television broadcasting using earthsatellites as active transponders and to experiment with thesystem in practical use. The basic function of the satellite wasto relay television programs and long-distance two-waymultichannel telephone, phototelephone, and telegraph linksfrom Moscow to the various standard ground receiving stationsin the 'Orbita' system. The satellite was in the form of ahermetically sealed cylinder with conical ends -- one endcontained the orbital correcting engine and a system ofmicrojets, and the other end contained externally mountedsolar and earth sensors. Inside the cylinder were (1) a high-sensitivity receiver and three 800-MHz 40-w transmitters (oneoperational and two in reserve), (2) telemetering devices thatmonitored equipment operation, (3) chemical batteries thatwere constantly recharged by solar cells, and (4) an electroniccomputer that controlled all equipment on board. Mountedaround the central cylinder were six large solar battery panelsand two directional, high-gain parabolic aerials, 180 deg apart.One of the aerials was directed continually toward the earth bythe highly sensitive earth sensors. The second aerial was heldin reserve. Signals were transmitted in a fairly narrow beamensuring a strong reception at the earth's surface. The satellitereceived telemetry at 1000 MHz. Television service wasprovided in a frequency range of 3.4 to 4.1 GHz at 40 w.Molniya 2/6, whose cylindrical body was 3.4 m long and 1.6 min diameter, was much heavier than corresponding U.S.COMSATs, and it had about 10 times the power output of theEarly Bird COMSAT. In addition, it did not employ ageosynchronous equatorial orbit as have most U.S. COMSATsbecause such an orbit would not provide coverage for areasnorth of 70 deg n latitude. Instead, the satellite was boostedfrom a low-altitude parking orbit into a highly elliptical orbit withtwo high apogees daily over the northern hemisphere -- oneover Russia and one over North America -- and relatively lowperigees over the southern hemisphere. During its apogee,Molniya 2/6 remained relatively stationary with respect to theearth below for nearly 8 of every 12 hr. By placing three ofmore Molniya 2 satellites in this type of orbit, spacing themsuitably, and shifting their orbital planes relative to each otherby 120 deg, a 24-hr/day communication system could beobtained.
Molniya 2- 6
NSSDC ID: 1973-045A
Alternate Names
Molniya 2F
06722
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-07-11LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration Upper Stage +Escape StageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 1250.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Molniya 2-6
Experiments on Molniya 2-6
Data collections fromMolniya 2- 6
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-076A[21/08/2010 0:03:11]
Saturday, 21 August 2010
Description
Molniya 2/7 was a first-generation Russian communicationssatellite (COMSAT) orbited to test and perfect a system ofradio communications and television broadcasting using earthsatellites as active transponders and to experiment with thesystem in practical use. The basic function of the satellite wasto relay television programs and long-distance two-waymultichannel telephone, phototelephone, and telegraph linksfrom Moscow to the various standard ground receiving stationsin the 'Orbita' system. The satellite was in the form of ahermetically sealed cylinder with conical ends -- one endcontained the orbital correcting engine and a system ofmicrojets, and the other end contained externally mountedsolar and earth sensors. Inside the cylinder were (1) a high-sensitivity receiver and three 800-MHz 40-w transmitters (oneoperational and two in reserve), (2) telemetering devices thatmonitored equipment operation, (3) chemical batteries thatwere constantly recharged by solar cells, and (4) an electroniccomputer that controlled all equipment on board. Mountedaround the central cylinder were six large solar battery panelsand two directional, high-gain parabolic aerials, 180 deg apart.One of the aerials was directed continually toward the earth bythe highly sensitive earth sensors. The second aerial was heldin reserve. Signals were transmitted in a fairly narrow beamensuring a strong reception at the earth's surface. The satellitereceived telemetry at 1000 MHz. Television service wasprovided in a frequency range of 3.4 to 4.1 GHz at 40 w.Molniya 2/7, whose cylindrical body was 3.4 m long and 1.6 min diameter, was much heavier than corresponding U.S.COMSATs, and it had about 10 times the power output of theEarly Bird COMSAT. In addition, it did not employ ageosynchronous equatorial orbit as have most U.S. COMSATsbecause such an orbit would not provide coverage for areasnorth of 70 deg n latitude. Instead, the satellite was boostedfrom a low-altitude parking orbit into a highly elliptical orbit withtwo high apogees daily over the northern hemisphere -- oneover Russia and one over North America -- and relatively lowperigees over the southern hemisphere. During its apogee,Molniya 2/7 remained relatively stationary with respect to theearth below for nearly 8 of every 12 hr. By placing three ofmore Molniya 2 satellites in this type of orbit, spacing themsuitably, and shifting their orbital planes relative to each otherby 120 deg, a 24-hr/day communication system could beobtained.
Molniya 2- 7
NSSDC ID: 1973-076A
Alternate Names
Molniya 2G
06877
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-10-19LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration Upper Stage +Escape StageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 1250.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Molniya 2-7
Experiments on Molniya 2-7
Data collections fromMolniya 2- 7
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, II
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http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-106A[21/08/2010 0:03:39]
Saturday, 21 August 2010
Description
Molniya 2/8 was a first-generation Russian communicationssatellite (COMSAT) orbited to test and perfect a system ofradio communications and television broadcasting using earthsatellites as active transponders and to experiment with thesystem in practical use. The basic function of the satellite wasto relay television programs and long-distance two-waymultichannel telephone, phototelephone, and telegraph linksfrom Moscow to the various standard ground receiving stationsin the 'Orbita' system. The satellite was in the form of ahermetically sealed cylinder with conical ends -- one endcontained the orbital correcting engine and a system ofmicrojets, and the other end contained externally mountedsolar and earth sensors. Inside the cylinder were (1) a high-sensitivity receiver and three 800-MHz 40-w transmitters (oneoperational and two in reserve), (2) telemetering devices thatmonitored equipment operation, (3) chemical batteries thatwere constantly recharged by solar cells, and (4) an electroniccomputer that controlled all equipment on board. Mountedaround the central cylinder were six large solar battery panelsand two directional, high-gain parabolic aerials, 180 deg apart.One of the aerials was directed continually toward the earth bythe highly sensitive earth sensors. The second aerial was heldin reserve. Signals were transmitted in a fairly narrow beamensuring a strong reception at the earth's surface. The satellitereceived telemetry at 1000 MHz. Television service wasprovided in a frequency range of 3.4 to 4.1 GHz at 40 w.Molniya 2/8, whose cylindrical body was 3.4 m long and 1.6 min diameter, was much heavier than corresponding U.S.COMSATs, and it had about 10 times the power output of theEarly Bird COMSAT. In addition, it did not employ ageosynchronous equatorial orbit as have most U.S. COMSATsbecause such an orbit would not provide coverage for areasnorth of 70 deg n latitude. Instead, the satellite was boostedfrom a low-altitude parking orbit into a highly elliptical orbit withtwo high apogees daily over the northern hemisphere -- oneover Russia and one over North America -- and relatively lowperigees over the southern hemisphere. During its apogee,Molniya 2/8 remained relatively stationary with respect to theearth below for nearly 8 of every 12 hr. By placing three ofmore Molniya 2 satellites in this type of orbit, spacing themsuitably, and shifting their orbital planes relative to each otherby 120 deg, a 24-hr/day communication system could beobtained.
Molniya 2- 8
NSSDC ID: 1973-106A
Alternate Names
Molniya 2H
07000
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-12-25LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration Upper Stage +Escape StageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 1250.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Molniya 2-8
Experiments on Molniya 2-8
Data collections fromMolniya 2- 8
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, II
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-086A[21/08/2010 0:04:38]
Saturday, 21 August 2010
Description
The NOAA 3 was one in a series of improved TIROS-M typesatellites with new meteorological sensors onboard to expandthe operational capability of the ITOS system. The primaryobjective of NOAA 3 was to provide global daytime andnighttime direct readout cloudcover data on a daily basis. Thesun-synchronous spacecraft was also capable of supplyingglobal atmospheric temerature soundings and very highresolution infrared cloudcover data of selected areas in eithera direct readout or a tape recorder mode. A secondaryobjective was to obtain global solar proton flux data on aroutine daily basis. The primary sensors consisted of a veryhigh resolution radiometer (VHRR), a vertical temperatureprofile radiometer (VTPR), and a scanning radiometer (SR).The VHRR, VTPR, and SR were mounted on the satellitebaseplate with their optical axes directed vertically earthward.The nearly cubical spacecraft measured 1 by 1 by 1.2 cm. Thesatellite was equipped with three curved solar panels that werefolded during launch and deployed after orbit was achieved.Each panel measured over 4.2 m in length when unfolded andwas covered with 3420 solar cells measuring 2 by 2 cm. TheITOS dynamics and attitude control system maintained desiredspacecraft orientation through gyroscopic principlesincorporated into the satellite design. Earth orientation of thesatellite body was maintained by taking advantage of theprecession induced from a momentum flywheel so that thesatellite body precession rate of one revolution per orbitprovided the desired 'earth looking' attitude. Minor adjustmentsin attitude and orientation were made by means of magneticcoils and by varying the speed of the momentum flywheel. Thespacecraft became the operational ITOS spacecraft on March19, 1974. Operations terminated in August 1976.
NOAA 3
NSSDC ID: 1973-086A
Alternate Names
ITOS-F
06920
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-11-06Launch Vehicle: DeltaLaunchSite: Vandenberg AFB,United StatesMass: 746.0 kg
Funding Agencies
NASA-Office ofApplications (UnitedStates)
NOAA NationalEnvironmental SatelliteService (United States)
Disciplines
Earth Science
Space Physics
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for NOAA 3
Experiments on NOAA 3
Data collections fromNOAA 3
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-088D[21/08/2010 0:05:29]
Saturday, 21 August 2010
Description
This US Air Force photo surveillance satellite was launchedfrom Vandenberg AFB aboard a Titan 3D rocket. It was a KH-9(Key Hole-9) type spacecraft.
OPS 6630
NSSDC ID: 1973-088D
Alternate Names
1973-088D
06938
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-11-10Launch Vehicle: TitanLaunchSite: Vandenberg AFB,United StatesMass: 60.0 kg
Funding Agency
Department of Defense-Department of the AirForce (United States)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for OPS 6630
Experiments on OPS 6630
Data collections from OPS6630
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-088B[21/08/2010 0:05:56]
Saturday, 21 August 2010
Description
This US Air Force electronics intelligence satellite waslaunched from Vandenberg AFB aboard a Titan 3D rocket.
OPS 7705
NSSDC ID: 1973-088B
Alternate Names
06931
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-11-10Launch Vehicle: TitanLaunchSite: Vandenberg AFB,United StatesMass: 60.0 kg
Funding Agency
Department of Defense-Department of the AirForce (United States)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for OPS 7705
Experiments on OPS 7705
Data collections from OPS7705
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-019A[21/08/2010 0:06:34]
Saturday, 21 August 2010
Description
Pioneer 11 was the second mission to investigate Jupiter andthe outer solar system and the first to explore the planetSaturn and its main rings. Pioneer 11, like Pioneer 10, usedJupiter's gravitational field to alter its trajectory radically. Itpassed close to Saturn and then it followed an escapetrajectory from the solar system.
The spacecraft was 2.9 m long and contained a 2.74-mdiameter high-gain antenna of aluminum honeycomb sandwichmaterial whose feed was topped with a medium-gain antenna.A low-gain, omnidirectional antenna was mounted below thehigh-gain dish. The spacecraft contained two nuclear electric-power generators, which generated 144 W at Jupiter, butdecreased to 100 W at Saturn. There were three referencesensors: a star (Canopus) sensor, and two sun sensors.Attitude position could be calculated from the referencedirection to the earth and the sun, with the known direction toCanopus as backup. Pioneer 11's star sensor gain andthreshold settings were modified, based on experience gainedfrom the settings used on Pioneer 10. Three pairs of rocketthrusters provided spin-axis control (maintained at 4.8 rpm)and change of the spacecraft velocity. The thrusters could beeither fired steadily or pulsed, by command.
Communications were maintained via the omnidirectional andmedium-gain antennas, which operated together, connected toone receiver, while the high-gain antenna was connected tothe other receiver. The receivers could be interchanged bycommand. Two radio transmitters, coupled to two traveling-wave tube amplifiers, produced 8 W power each in S-band.Communication uplink (earth to spacecraft) operated at 2110MHz, and downlink (spacecraft to earth) at 2292 MHz. AtJupiter's distance, round-trip communication time took 92 min.Data were received at the Deep Space Network (DSN). Thespacecraft was temperature-controlled to between -23 and +38deg C (-10 to +100 deg F). An additional experiment, a low-sensitivity fluxgate magnetometer, was added to the Pioneer11 payload.
Instruments studied the interplanetary and planetary magneticfields; solar wind properties; cosmic rays; transition region ofthe heliosphere; neutral hydrogen abundance; distribution,size, mass, flux, and velocity of dust particles; Jovian aurorae;Jovian radio waves; the atmospheres of planets and satellites;and the surfaces of Jupiter, Saturn, and some of theirsatellites. Instruments carried for these experiments weremagnetometer, plasma analyzer (for solar wind), charged-particle detector, ionizing detector, non-imaging telescopeswith overlapping fields of view to detect sunlight reflected from
Pioneer 11
NSSDC ID: 1973-019A
Alternate Names
Pioneer-G
06421
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-04-06Launch Vehicle: Atlas-CentaurLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 259.0 kgNominalPower: 165.0 W
Funding Agency
NASA-Office of SpaceScience Applications(United States)
Disciplines
Astronomy
Planetary Science
Space Physics
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Pioneer 11
PDMP information forPioneer 11
Telecommunicationsinformation for Pioneer 11
Experiments on Pioneer 11
Data collections fromPioneer 11
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft can
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Pioneer 11
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-019A[21/08/2010 0:06:34]
passing meteoroids, sealed pressurized cells of argon andnitrogen gas for measuring penetration of meteoroids, UVphotometer, IR radiometer, and an imaging photopolarimeter,which produced photographs and measured the polarization.Further scientific information was obtained from celestialmechanics and occultation phenomena.
This spacecraft, like Pioneer 10, contains a plaque that has adrawing depicting man, woman, and the location of the sunand earth in the galaxy.
During its closest approach, 03 December 1974 (SCET-UT) ,Pioneer 11 passed to within 43,000 km of Jupiter's cloud tops.It passed by Saturn on 01 September 1979, at a distance of21,000 km from Saturn's cloud tops. The spacecraft hasoperated on a backup transmitter since launch. Instrumentpower sharing began in February 1985 due to declining RTGpower output. Science operations and daily telemetry ceasedon 30 September 1995 when the RTG power level wasinsufficient to operate any experiments. As of the end of 1995the spacecraft was located at 44.7 AU from the Sun at a nearlyasymptotic latitude of 17.4 degrees above the solar equatorialplane and was heading outward at 2.5 AU/year.
be directed to: Dr. John F.Cooper.
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Dr. James B.Willett
ProgramManager
NASA Headquarters
Dr. Palmer Dyal ProjectScientist
NASA Ames ResearchCenter
Dr. W. VernonJones
ProgramScientist
NASA Headquarters [email protected]
Mr. Richard O.Fimmel
ProjectManager
NASA Ames ResearchCenter
Selected References
Northrop, T. G., et al., Pioneer 11 Saturn encounter, J. Geophys. Res., 85, No. A11, 5651-5652,Nov. 1980.
Fimmel, R. O., et al., Pioneer odyssey encounter with a giant, NASA, SP-349, Washington,D.C., 1974.
Fimmel, R. O., et al., Pioneer first to Jupiter, Saturn, and beyond, NASA, SP-466, Washington,D.C., 1980.
Other Pioneer 10/11 Information/Data at NSSDC
Interplanetary magnetic field, plasma, and ephemeris data from Pioneer 10 and 11 are availableas COHO data collections. COHOWeb allows the display and retrieval of COHO data. Thesedata are also available via anonymous FTP.
COHOWebPioneer data on NSSDC's anonymous FTP site
Pioneer 10/11 position data (heliographic coordinates)
Pioneer 10's last signal (NASA Press Release, 2003-02-25)Pioneer 11 ends operations (NASA Press Release, 1995-09-29)Status of Pioneer 10 and 11 (1997-12-01)Status of Pioneer 10 and 11 (1996-12-02)Status of Pioneer 10 and 11 (1996-05-24)
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-019A[21/08/2010 0:06:34]
This image shows the plaque that wasmounted on the Pioneer 10 and 11spacecraft.
This is an image of the Pioneer 10/11mission patch.
Related Information/Data at NSSDC
Jupiter PageSaturn Page
Other Sources of Pioneer 10/11 Information/Data
Pioneer GTT Charged Particle page (U. of Iowa)Pioneer Plasma Group page (NASA ARC)
Online version of Pioneer Odyssey (NASA History Office)
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-009A[21/08/2010 0:06:56]
Saturday, 21 August 2010
Description
The spacecraft carried instruments to measure solar X raysand gamma rays, plasma, and energetic particles. Thecomplete payload description was not provided.
Prognoz 3
NSSDC ID: 1973-009A
Alternate Names
06364
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-02-15LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration Upper Stage +Escape StageLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 845.0 kg
Funding Agency
Institut KosmicheskichIssledovaniy(Inst. ofCosmophysicalResearch) (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Space Physics
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Prognoz 3
Experiments on Prognoz 3
Data collections fromPrognoz 3
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-039A[21/08/2010 0:07:30]
Saturday, 21 August 2010
Description
The Radio Astronomy Explorer B (RAE-B) mission was thesecond of a pair of RAE satellites. It was placed into lunar orbitto provide radio astronomical measurements of the planets,the sun, and the galaxy over the frequency range of 25 kHz to13.1 MHz. The experiment complement consisted of two Ryle-Vonberg radiometers (nine channels each), three swept-frequency burst receivers (32 channels each), and animpedance probe for calibration. The experiment antennasconsisted of travelling wave antennas forming an Xconfiguration: a 229-m upper V-antenna pointed away from themoon; a 229-m lower V-antenna pointed toward the moon; anda 37-m dipole antenna parallel to the lunar surface. There wasalso a 129-m boron libration damper boom system used todamp out any spacecraft oscillations about the equilibriumposition. The spacecraft body had a mass of 328 kg at launchand 200 kg in lunar orbit, and was a truncated cylinder 92 cmin diameter and approximately 79 cm high, with four fixed solarpaddles. The maneuvering system consisted of a hydrazinevelocity correction package, a cold gas attitude control system,and a solid fuel lunar insertion motor. Data were returned tothe earth via either a low power UHF/(400 MHz) transmitter, inreal time, or stored in an onboard tape recorder andtransmitted to earth via a high power UHF transmitter (400MHz). Two tape recorders provided backup storage. A VHFtransmitter served primarily for range and range-ratemeasurements and as a backup. Commands were received ona VHF (148 MHz) receiver, which also was a part of the rangeand range-rate system. Spacecraft attitude was determined by(1) a solar aspect system, (2) a horizon sensor system, and (3)a panoramic attitude sensor system, and was accurate to 1deg. The spacecraft was gravity gradient oriented (Z axisparallel to local vertical).
Mission ProfileRAE-B was placed into lunar orbit on 15 June 1973 after a 20second firing of the orbit insertion motor, and began operationson 20 June 1973. Initially only the 37-m dipole antenna wasdeployed, during which the spacecraft was operated in a 4-rpmspin-stabilized mode with the spin axis in the ecliptic planenormal to the spacecraft-Sun line. After three weeks the dipolebooms were retracted, the spacecraft reoriented, the long-Vantennas and libration damper were extended, and the dipolewas redeployed. The lower V-antenna was initially extended to183 m during the first 16 months of flight and was extended toits full 229-m length in November 1974. The lunar orbit andposition of the Earth as a radio source imposed periodicities onthe observations of 29.5 days (the lunar synodic month) and24.8 hours (the interval between consecutive sweeps of agiven Earth geographic position past the Moon. For additional
RAE-B
NSSDC ID: 1973-039A
Alternate Names
Radio AstronomyExplorer
Explorer 49
RAE-2
06686
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-06-10Launch Vehicle: DeltaLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 328.0 kg
Funding Agency
NASA-Office of SpaceScience (United States)
Disciplines
Astronomy
Planetary Science
Solar Physics
Space Physics
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for RAE-B
Experiments on RAE-B
Data collections from RAE-B
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: Dr. David R.Williams.
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RAE-B
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-039A[21/08/2010 0:07:30]
information, see J. K. Alexander et al., Astron. & Astrophys., v.40, p. 365, 1975.
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Mr. John R.Holtz
ProgramManager
NASA Headquarters
Mr. John T.Shea
ProjectManager
NASA Goddard SpaceFlight Center
Dr. Nancy G.Roman
ProgramScientist
NASA Headquarters [email protected]
Dr. Robert G.Stone
ProjectScientist
NASA Goddard SpaceFlight Center
Selected References
Radio Astronomy Explorer-B - Goddard's Radio Astronomy Explorer to orbit moon, NASA-GSFC, Unnumbered, Greenbelt, MD, June 1973.
Groves, R. T., Analysis of the Radio Astronomy Explorer lunar orbit mission, AstrodynamicsConf., Palo Alto, CA, Sept. 11-12, 1972, AIAA and AAS, Paper 72-940, New York, NY, 1972.
Alexander, J. K., et al., Scientific instrumentation of the Radio-Astronomy-Explorer-2 satellite,Astron. Astrophys., 40, No. 4, 365-371, 1975.
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-013A[21/08/2010 0:08:50]
Saturday, 21 August 2010
Description
Rhyolite 2 was a US Air Force electronic intelligence satellitelaunched from Cape Canaveral aboard an Atlas Agena-Drocket. It was placed in a geosynchronous orbit.
Rhyolite 2
NSSDC ID: 1973-013A
Alternate Names
06380
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-03-06Launch Vehicle: AtlasLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 700.0 kg
Funding Agency
Department of Defense-Department of the AirForce (United States)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Rhyolite 2
Experiments on Rhyolite 2
Data collections fromRhyolite 2
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-017A[21/08/2010 0:10:26]
Saturday, 21 August 2010
Description
The Salute 2 space station was designed for scientificresearch and testing of onboard systems and units. On April11, 1973, 11 days after launch, an unexplainable accidentcaused four solar panels to be torn loose from the spacestation cutting off all power to thte space station.
Salyut 2
NSSDC ID: 1973-017A
Alternate Names
Salyute 2
06398
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-04-04Launch Vehicle: ProtonBooster Plus Upper StageLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 18500.0 kg
Funding Agency
Soviet Academy ofSciences (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Engineering
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Salyut 2
Experiments on Salyut 2
Data collections fromSalyut 2
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-027A[21/08/2010 0:12:02]
Saturday, 21 August 2010
Description
The Skylab (SL) was a manned, orbiting spacecraft composedof five parts, the Apollo telescope mount (ATM), the multipledocking adapter (MDA), the airlock module (AM), theinstrument unit (IU), and the orbital workshop (OWS). TheSkylab was in the form of a cylinder, with the ATM beingpositioned 90 deg from the longitudinal axis after insertion intoorbit. The ATM was a solar observatory, and it providedattitude control and experiment pointing for the rest of thecluster. It was attached to the MDA and AM at one end of theOWS. The retrieval and installation of film used in the ATMwas accomplished by astronauts during extravehicular activity(EVA). The MDA served as a dock for the command andservice modules, which served as personnel taxis to theSkylab. The AM provided an airlock between the MDA and theOWS, and contained controls and instrumentation. The IU,which was used only during launch and the initial phases ofoperation, provided guidance and sequencing functions for theinitial deployment of the ATM, solar arrays, etc. The OWS wasa modified Saturn 4B stage suitable for long duration mannedhabitation in orbit. It contained provisions and crew quartersnecessary to support three-person crews for periods of up to84 days each. All parts were also capable of unmanned, in-orbit storage, reactivation, and reuse. The Skylab itself waslaunched on May 14, 1973. It was first manned during theperiod May 25 to June 22, 1973, by the crew of the SL-2mission (73-032A). Next, it was manned during the period July28 to September 25, 1973, by the crew of the SL-3 mission(73-050A). The final manned period was from November 16,1973, to February 8, 1974, when it was manned by the crewfrom the SL-4 mission (73-090A).
The total budget for Skylab was approximately $2,147,100,000.
Skylab
NSSDC ID: 1973-027A
Alternate Names
Skylab 1
06633
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-05-14Launch Vehicle: Saturn5Launch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 90607.0 kg
Funding Agency
NASA-Office of MannedSpace Flight (UnitedStates)
Disciplines
Astronomy
Engineering
Earth Science
Human Crew
Life Science
Planetary Science
Solar Physics
Space Physics
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Skylab
Experiments on Skylab
Data collections fromSkylab
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft can
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
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Skylab
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-027A[21/08/2010 0:12:02]
be directed to: Dr. H. KentHills.
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Dr. O. Glenn Smith Project Manager NASA Johnson Space Center
Related Information/Data at NSSDC
Skylab CSM 1Skylab CSM 2Skylab CSM 3
Other Sources of Skylab Information/Data
Project Skylab (NASA KSC)Skylab Images (NASA JSC)Skylab Astronomical Experiments (HEASARC, NASA GSFC)
On-line BooksSkylab: A Chronology (NASA SP-4011, 1977)Skylab: A Guidebook (NASA EP-107, 1973)Skylab, Our First Space Station (NASA SP-400, 1977)Living and Working in Space: A History of Skylab (NASA SP-4208, 1983)Skylab, Classroom in Space (NASA SP-401, 1977)A New Sun: The Solar Results from Skylab (NASA SP-402, 1979)Skylab's Astronomy and Space Sciences (NASA SP-404, 1979)Skylab EREP Investigations Summary (NASA SP-399, 1978)NASA Investigation Board Report on the Initial Flight Anomalies of Skylab 1 (1973)
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-032A[21/08/2010 0:12:23]
Saturday, 21 August 2010
Description
This spacecraft was almost identical to the command andservice module used for Apollo missions. Modification wasmade to accomodate long-duration Skylab missions and toallow the spacecraft to remain semi-dormant while docked tothe Skylab cluster. A crew of three men and their provisionswere carried. The mission of this spacecraft was to ferry acrew of three to the Skylab complex and return them to earth.
Skylab CSM 1
NSSDC ID: 1973-032A
Alternate Names
Skylab 2
06655
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-05-25Launch Vehicle: Saturn1BLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 19979.0 kg
Funding Agency
NASA-Office of MannedSpace Flight (UnitedStates)
Disciplines
Engineering
Human Crew
Life Science
Microgravity
Space Physics
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for SkylabCSM 1
Experiments on SkylabCSM 1
Data collections fromSkylab CSM 1
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: Dr. H. KentHills.
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
Experiments
Data Collections
Personnel
Publications
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New/Updated Data
Lunar/Planetary Events
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-032A[21/08/2010 0:12:23]
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Dr. O. Glenn Smith Project Manager NASA Johnson Space Center
Related Information/Data at NSSDC
Skylab
Other Sources of Skylab Information/Data
Project Skylab (NASA KSC)Skylab Images (NASA JSC)Skylab Astronomical Experiments (HEASARC, NASA GSFC)
On-line BooksSkylab: A Chronology (NASA SP-4011, NASA History Office)Skylab: A Guidebook (NASA EP-107, NASA History Office)Skylab, Our First Space Station (NASA SP-400, NASA History Office)
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-050A[21/08/2010 0:12:45]
Saturday, 21 August 2010
Description
This spacecraft was almost identical to the command andservice module used for Apollo missions. Modifications weremade to accommodate long-duration Skylab missions and toallow the spacecraft to remain semi-dormant while docked tothe Skylab cluster. A crew of three men and their provisionswere carried. The mission of this spacecraft was to ferry acrew of three to the Skylab complex and return them to earth.
Skylab CSM 2
NSSDC ID: 1973-050A
Alternate Names
Skylab 3
06757
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-07-28Launch Vehicle: Saturn1BLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 20121.0 kg
Funding Agency
NASA-Office of MannedSpace Flight (UnitedStates)
Disciplines
Human Crew
Life Science
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for SkylabCSM 2
Experiments on SkylabCSM 2
Data collections fromSkylab CSM 2
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: Dr. H. KentHills.
Personnel
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
Experiments
Data Collections
Personnel
Publications
Maps
New/Updated Data
Lunar/Planetary Events
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-050A[21/08/2010 0:12:45]
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Dr. O. Glenn Smith Project Manager NASA Johnson Space Center
Related Information/Data at NSSDC
Skylab
Other Sources of Skylab Information/Data
Project Skylab (NASA KSC)Skylab Images (NASA JSC)Skylab Astronomical Experiments (HEASARC, NASA GSFC)
On-line BooksSkylab: A Chronology (NASA SP-4011, NASA History Office)Skylab: A Guidebook (NASA EP-107, NASA History Office)Skylab, Our First Space Station (NASA SP-400, NASA History Office)
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-090A[21/08/2010 0:13:41]
Saturday, 21 August 2010
Description
This spacecraft was almost identical to the command andservice module used for Apollo missions. Modifications weremade to accomodate long-duration Skylab missions and toallow the spacecraft to remain semi-dormant while docked tothe Skylab cluster. A crew of three men and their provisionswere carried. The mission of this spacecraft was to ferry acrew of three to the Skylab complex and return them to earth.
Skylab CSM 3
NSSDC ID: 1973-090A
Alternate Names
Skylab 4
06936
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-11-16Launch Vehicle: Saturn1BLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 6033.0 kg
Funding Agency
NASA-Office of MannedSpace Flight (UnitedStates)
Disciplines
Human Crew
Life Science
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for SkylabCSM 3
Experiments on SkylabCSM 3
Data collections fromSkylab CSM 3
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: Dr. H. KentHills.
Personnel
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
Experiments
Data Collections
Personnel
Publications
Maps
New/Updated Data
Lunar/Planetary Events
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-090A[21/08/2010 0:13:41]
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Dr. O. Glenn Smith Project Manager NASA Johnson Space Center
Related Information/Data at NSSDC
Skylab
Other Sources of Skylab Information/Data
Project Skylab (NASA KSC)Skylab Images (NASA JSC)Skylab Astronomical Experiments (HEASARC, NASA GSFC)
On-line BooksSkylab: A Chronology (NASA SP-4011, NASA History Office)Skylab: A Guidebook (NASA EP-107, NASA History Office)Skylab, Our First Space Station (NASA SP-400, NASA History Office)
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-067A[21/08/2010 0:14:27]
Saturday, 21 August 2010
Description
Soyuz 12 was a manned Soviet mission launched from theBaikonur cosmodrome. On board were Commander VasiliyLazarev and Flight Engineer Oleg Makarov whose mission wasto check out the improvements made to the Soyuz craft.
Soyuz 12
NSSDC ID: 1973-067A
Alternate Names
06836
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-09-27LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration (Longer) UpperStageLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 6570.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Human Crew
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Soyuz 12
Experiments on Soyuz 12
Data collections fromSoyuz 12
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
Experiments
Data Collections
Personnel
Publications
Maps
New/Updated Data
Lunar/Planetary Events
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-103A[21/08/2010 0:14:59]
Saturday, 21 August 2010
Description
Soyuz 13 was part of the ASTP (Apollo-Soyuz Test Program).It's two man crew, Commander Klimuk and Flight EngineerLebedev, performed astrophysical observations of stars in theultraviolet range, spectrozonal photography of specific areas ofthe earths surface, and continued testing of spacecraft'sonboard systems. The spacecraft was recovered December26, 1973 8:50 GMT, in a snowstorm 200 km SW of Karaganda.
Soyuz 13
NSSDC ID: 1973-103A
Alternate Names
06982
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-12-18LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration (Longer) UpperStageLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 6570.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Disciplines
Astronomy
Human Crew
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Soyuz 13
Experiments on Soyuz 13
Data collections fromSoyuz 13
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
Experiments
Data Collections
Personnel
Publications
Maps
New/Updated Data
Lunar/Planetary Events
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.12, 23 July 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-081A[21/08/2010 0:15:36]
Saturday, 21 August 2010
Description
Transit-O 20 was a US Navy navigation satellite launched by aScout A rocket. Transit, one of the first operational satellitesystems, was also know as the Navy Navigation Satellite(NNS).
The Transit spacecraft were developed for updating the inertialnavigation systems on board US Navy Polaris submarines, andlater for civilian use. Transit receivers used the knowncharacteristics of the satellite's orbit, measured the Dopplershift of the satellite's radio signal, and thereby calculated thereceivers position on the earth. As a single spacecraft travelledoverhead, the user measured the Doppler shift over a 15minute period by receiving timing marks and satellite orbitalinformation on two separate frequencies, 149.99 and 399.97MHz. These signals were corrected for ionospheric refractionand the information was then fed into the users navigationsystem.
Individual Transit satellites operated for over 10 years.Technical break- throughs during the program included gravitygradient stabilization, the use of radio-isotope thermoelecticgenerators (RTG), and navigation satellite technologies laterused in the GPS system. Transit was superseded by theNavstar global positioning system. The use of the satellites fornavigation was discontinued at the end of 1996 but thesatellites continued transmitting and became the NavyIonospheric Monitoring System (NIMS).
Transit-O 20
NSSDC ID: 1973-081A
Alternate Names
O-20(Transit)
30200
OSCAR(NAV) 20
06909
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1973-10-30Launch Vehicle: ScoutLaunchSite: Vandenberg AFB,United StatesMass: 58.0 kg
Funding Agency
Department of Defense-Department of the Navy(United States)
Discipline
Navigation & GlobalPositioning
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Transit-O20
Experiments on Transit-O20
Data collections fromTransit-O 20
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
Experiments
Data Collections
Personnel
Publications
Maps
New/Updated Data
Lunar/Planetary Events