Microbiología en Frutas y Verduras

7/25/2019 Microbiologa en Frutas y Verduras

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MICROBIOLOGA EN

FRUTAS Y VERDURASMblga. Claudia Clavijo o!

I"g#"i#$ia Ag$oi"du%&$ial

Mi!$obiolog'a d# lo% ali(#"&o%U)T


2/12

CONTAMINACI*N

La !o"&a(i"a!i+" d# la% ,$u&a%- #(i#/a" du$a"la $#!ol#!!i+" 0 la !o%#!1a- (#dia" lo%!o%#!1ado$#%- !#%&a%- !aja% bol%a% 0 (#dio% d#&$a"%o$% 2u# "o 1a0a" %ido d#bida(#"igi#"i/ado%.

El lavado d# ,$u&a u 1o$&ali/a u#d# i"!lui$ u" $#(ojo oulv#$i/a!i+".

Cua"do #l agua 1a %ido u&ili/ada $#via(#" u#d#%#$ ,u#" d# !o"&a(i"a!i+".

El lavado d# !o" %olu!io"#% o d#$g#"% $#du!# #l"3(#$o d# (i!$oo$ga"i%(o% #" lo% ali(#"&o%.

El lavado u#d# au(#"&a$ la 1u(#dad d# la ,$u&a o1o$&ali/a - lo 2u# ,a!ili&a #l !$#!i(i#"&o d#(i!$oo$ga"i%(o%.


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CONTAMINACI*N La #li(i"a!i+" d# ,$u&a% o 1o$&ali/a% al$ada% o d# %u%

a$% d#$io$ada% $#du!# lo% (i!$oo$ga"i%(o%. S# d#b# "#$ #" !u#"&a 2u# #%&a (a"iula!i+" u#d#

!au%a$ &$au(a&i%(o% 0 !au%a$ al$a!io"#%.

La !o"&a(i"a!i+" %# u#d# $odu!i$ #" la ,4b$i!a- du$a"lo% di,#$#"% &$a&a(i#"&o% 2u# u#d# %u,$i$ #l $odu!&o-#j#(lo5 #lado- &$i&u$ado- d#%1u#%ado.

E%&o %# d#b# a la !o"&a(i"a!i+" d# la% (42ui"a%- o$ u"a(ala 1igi#"#.

E% i"di%#"%abl# "#$ u" $og$a(a d# lavado 0d#%i",#!&ado d# la% (42ui"a%. La% $i"!ial#% ,u#"% d# !o"&a(i"a!i+" (i!$obia"a %o"5

la% ba"d#ja%- la% !uba%- lo% &a"2u#%- &ub#$'a%- !a"al#%-(#%a%- !i"&a% &$a"%o$&ado$a%- d#la"&al#%- ll#"ado$a% #&!.


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CONTAMINACI*N

La% %u#$6!i#% d# (ad#$a %o" di,'!il#% d#li(ia$ 0 d#%i",#!&a$- al igual 2u# lo% &il#%. D# igual (a"#$a u"%ilio% 0 (a2ui"a$ia !o"

$a"u$a% 2u# i(id# u"a bu#"a d#%i",#!!i+".

El agua !ali#" 0 #l #%!aldado- $#du!# la !a$ga(i!$obia"a- %i" #(ba$go al$a la 8o$a "o$(al d# lo%,$u&o% 0 v#$du$a%- #$(i&i#"do #l d#%a$$ollo d#(i!$oo$ga"i%(o% #%o$ulado% 9ba!$ia% $(+6la%:.

Lo% #2uio% d#b#" #li(i"a$ &odo $#%&o d# $odu!&o

$o!#%ado- d#bido a 2u# #l lavado "o #li(i"a&o&al(#" lo% (i!$oo$ga"i%(o%- 0 %i #"!u#"&$a",u#" d# ali(#"&o %u6!i#" u#d#" d#%a$$olla$%##" lo% #2uio% 0 !o"&a(i"a$ #l $o!#%o.


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CONSERVACI*N Lo% (i!$oo$ga"i%(o% $#%#"% #" ,$u&a% 0

1o$&ali/a%- %o" "a&iva% 0 &a(bi;" d#l agua 0 #l%u#lo. Lo% g;$(#"#% (4% !o(u"#% %o"5 Pseudomonas,

Alcalgenes, Bacillus, Chromobacterium,Enterobacter, Flavobacterium, Lactobacillus,

Leuconostoc, Micrococcus, Sarcina, Serrata,Staphylococcus, Streptococcus- 0 o&$a% !+(oErinia0!antomonas9a&+g#"a% d# v#g#&al#%:- 0di%&i"&a% !la%#% d# (o1o% 0 l#vadu$a%.

Cua"do la% %u#$6!i#% 1a" %u,$ido da


6/12

ELIMINACI*N DEMICROORGANISMOS

LAVADO5 El lavado a ,o"do d# lo% v#g#&al#%- #li(i"a la (a0o$'a d#

!o"&a(i"a"% a!!id#"&al#% d# la% %u#$6!i#% d# la% 1oja%-#$o d#ja g$a" a$ d# la 8o$a "a&u$al.

El agua %i "o #% &o&al(#" u$a- &a(bi;" a


7/12


CALOR La% 1o$&ali/a% 2u#

va" a %#$ d#%#!ada%o !o"g#lada% 0 av#!#% #"la&ada% %##%!alda" obla"2u#a" a$ai"a!&iva$ la%

#"/i(a%. A la v#/ %# $#du!#

a$#!iabl#(#" %u!a$ga (i!$obia"a

REFRIGERACI*N La (a0o$'a d# 1o$&ali/a% 0

,$u&a% 2u# "o va" a %#$!o"%#$vada% o$&$a&a(i#"&o &;$(i!o %##",$'a" $4ida(#" 0 %#

(a"&i#"#" a (#$a&u$ad# $#,$ig#$a!i+". El #",$ia(i#"&o %# $#ali/a

o$ agua ,$'a- 1i#lo o(42ui"a%.

La% 1o$&ali/a% 2u# %o"

!o"%u(ida% d# (a"#$a,$#%!a- a%a" o$ u"a!1o2u# d# agua ,$'aa#"a% %o" !o%#!1ada% 0a%' %# !o"%#$va" (u!1o(4% ,$#%!a%.


8/12


CONGELACI*N E% $o!#%o $#du!# #l

"3(#$o d# (i!$oo$ga"i%(o%#" $oo$!i+" al "3(#$o 0&io d# (i!$oo$ga"i%(o%-#$o 1a0 u"a (#dia d# =>?.

El &io d# (i!$oo$ga"i%(o%2u# %# d#%a$$olla" d#%u;%d# la !o"g#la!i+" d##"d#"d#l &i#(o 0 la (#$a&u$a.

Cua"do lo% v#g#&al#%d#%!o"g#lado% %# (a"&i#"#"a (#$a&u$a a(bi#"du$a" u" #$iodo!o"%id#$abl# d# &i#(ou#d#" d#%a$$olla$ ba!$ia%$odu!&o$a% d# &o7i"a%.

@o$&ali/a%5 Micrococcus Ma'/ 0 jud'a%" Enterobacter 0

Achromobacter.

)OR DESECACI*N Cua"do u" ali(#"&o

!o"&i#"# g$a" "3(#$od# #%o$a% ba!$ia"a%

0 ,u"gi!a% i"di!a 2u#1ubo !$#!i(i#"&o 0#%o$ula!i+" d# (o1o%a"% o d#%u;% d# lad#%#!a!i+". S# $#du!##l "3(#$o d#

(i!$oo$ga"i%(o%&$a&a"do la% ,$u&a% !o"4l!ali%- %ul,u$o%- a%'!o(o la a%u$i/a!i+"0 #%!aldado.


9/12


EM)LEO DE CONSERVANTES Lo% !o"%#$va"% %o" a


10/12

ALTERACIONES

El d#$io$o d# la% ,$u&a% 0 1o$&ali/a%!$uda%- %# d#b#" a !au%a% ,'%i!a% 0 a laa!!i+" d# %u% $oia% #"/i(a%.

Lo% gol#% a0uda" al i"g$#%o d#(i!$oo$ga"i%(o% al ,$u&o 0 al d#$io$o#"/i(4&i!o.

U"a ,$u&a !o"&a(i"ada #% !au%a d#!o"&a(i"a!i+" d# &odo u" lo.


11/12

ALTERACIONES TI)O DE ALTERACIONES

)$od#du(b$# bla"da5 Erinia caratovora 9#%#!i#% ,#$(#"&ado$a% d# la #!&i"a:.

)od$#du(b$# (o1o%a g$i%5 9Botrytis cinerea: )od$#du(b$# bla"da o$ R1i/ou%5 9#hi$opus nigricans:- (o1o !o" u"&o% "#g$o%. A"&$a!"o%i%5 9Colletotrichum lindemuthianum:- )$odu!# (a"!1a% "#g$a% #" la%

1oja%. )od$#du(b$# o$Alternaria5 Colo$a!i+" v#$d# a$du/!a- 2u# lu#go !a(bia a "#g$o

o a$du/!o. )od$#du(b$# (o1o%a a/ul5 )$odu!ida o$ Penicillium Mildiu la"o%a5 Phytophthora, Bremia 0 o&$o% g;"#$o%- #l (o1o #% bla"2u#!i"o 0 d#

a%#!&o la"o%o. )od$#du(b$# bla"da a!uo%a5 Sclerotina sclerotiorum- !o(3" #" 1o$&ali/a%. )od$#du(b$# d# lo% #d3"!ulo%5 Fusarium, %iplodia, Phompsis- )od$#du(b$# (o1o%a "#g$a5Aspergillus niger )od$#du(b$# "#g$a5Alternaria

)od$#du(b$# (o1o%a Ro%a5 &richotecium roseum )od$#du(b$# o$ Fusarium )od$#du(b$# (o1o%a v#$d#5 Cladosporium y &richoderma )od$#du(b$# a$da5 Sclerotina Mu!o%idad o a!id#/5 E%#!i#% d# ba!$ia"a %a$+6&a% 0 l#vadu$a%


12/12

A"4li%i% Mi!$obiol+gi!o% d#F$u&a% 0 @o$&ali/a%

CRITERIOS MICROBIOL*GICOS ........(i!$obiologia a(bi#"&albibliog$a,'aNORMAS AMBIENTALES Y

MICROBIOLOGICAS!$i$io% (i!$obiologi!o% ali(#"&o% >>.d, ......I",o$(a!i+"a"ali%i% (i!$obiologi!o d# ,$u&a%"o$(a% (i!$obiol+gi!a%

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Microbiología en Frutas y Verduras

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