Marine Ecosystems Presentation

8/4/2019 Marine Ecosystems Presentation

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MARINE ECOSYSTEMSManolo Baca

Antonella Sandino

Melisa Valle

Mara Alejandra Castro


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TEMPERATUREVARIATION

Temperature of ocean waters decrease withincreasing depth.

The sun hits the oceans surface layer and heatsthe water up.

The wind mixes the layer up from top to bottom,making the heat go downward.

Water in the polar seas can be as cold as -2degrees Celsius.

The Persian Gulf can be as warm as 36 degreesCelsius. Polar seas have low latitude Persian Gulf has high latitude.


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VARIATIONS IN SALINITY

The oceans salinity varies depending on:y the depth andy the shore.

As closer to the shore, the saltier the water is. Since the waves and the tide bring and take water,

they mix it up and the shore is the saltiest part of theocean.

The whole ocean has salt The surface of the ocean is the layer that has more

salinity. There is a lot of evaporation on the surface of the

ocean, so the depth affects salinity. The deeper the water, there is less evaporation and

less salt.


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AVAILABILITY OF SALT

Visible radiation, or light, from the sun is important to theworld's ocean systems.

It provides the energy necessary for ocean currents andwind-driven waves.

Conversion of some of that energy into heat helps form the

thin layer of warm water near the ocean's surface thatsupports the majority of marine life. The transmission of light in sea water is essential to the

productivity of the oceans. The suns rays penetrate the surface layer of the ocean to

give the energy necessary for the photosynthetic living

organisms. Below a depth of 660 feet (200 meters) not enough energy

penetrates to allow photosynthesis to occur. In open oceans, there is more sunlight and in the coastal,

there is less because of the sand and nutrients blocking it.


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DEAD ZONES

Definition: An area in which there is no oxygen


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HOW THEY FORM

Then bacteria decompose and this process takes up thelittle oxygen there is.

Microscopic plants called phytoplankton bloom with thehelp if sunlight, then they decompose and this process

takes up the little oxygen there is.

Northly winds and the Earths rotation combine and formnutrient rich but oxygen poor water


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FORMATION

It is a cyclical climate

phenomenon thatwreaks havocworldwide, the mostaffected SouthAmerica and the areas

between Indonesiaand Australia, thuscausing the warmingof the South Americanwaters

It develops when

the positive phaseof the SouthernOscillation,reached significantlevels and lasts for

several months.

El Nio La Nia


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DEVELOPMENT

The phenomenon

began in the tropicalPacific Ocean nearAustralia andIndonesia, therebyaltering the

atmospheric pressurein widely separatedareas

This phenomenon

occurs when thepositive phase of theSouthern Oscillation,reached significantlevels and lasts for

several months

La NiaEl Nio


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EL NIO There are changes in direction and speed of the winds, as

well as the displacement of the areas rain in the tropics. During the El Nio, trade winds weaken or cease to blow,

with a high temperature marine Current moves to Peru,which is relatively cool and minimum sea temperature is

shifted to Southeast Asia. This causes increased air pressure in Southeast Asia and

South America decreased.

All this change occurs at an interval of approximately sixmonths from June to November.


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LA NIA1. Decrease sea level pressure in the Oceania region, and

increase it in the tropical and subtropical Pacific causingan increase in the difference pressure between both endsof the equatorial Pacific.

2. The unusually strong trade winds, have a greater effectof pulling the surface ocean, increasing sea leveldifference between both ends of the equatorial Pacific

3. This lowers sea level along the coast of Colombia,Ecuador, Peru and northern Chile and increases inOceania.

4. The warm waters in the equatorial Pacific, are

concentrated in the Pacific region and is near to thisregion, which is developed cloudiness and precipitationmost intense.

5. The sea surface temperature falls below theclimatological value


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CONSEQUENCES

Change in atmosphericcirculation.

Global warming and risingtemperatures in coastalwaters during the lastdecades.

There are species that do notsurvive the temperature

change and die, causingeconomic losses arise inprimary diseases such ascholera, which transform intoepidemics sometimes verydifficult to eradicate.

Opposite to El Nio

El Nio La Nia


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EL NIO

Scarce rains.

Cooling of the ocean. Low cloud formation.

Very dry periods.

High atmospheric

pressure.

Heavy rains.

Heating of theHumboldt Currentand the Peru Current.

Fishing losses .

Intense cloudformation.

Very wet periods.

Low atmosphericpressure

Consequences for

Southeast Asia

Consequences of El Nio

in South America


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LA NIA In the tropics, the variations are radically opposed to

those caused by El Nio. In the Americas, air temperatures of the winter

season, become warmer than normal in the Southeastand colder than normal in Northeast.

In South America, drier conditions prevail and coolerthan normal over Ecuador and Peru, and wetterconditions than normal in the Northeast of Brazil.

In Central America, are relatively more humid

conditions normal, mainly on coastal areas of theCaribbean Sea.

In Mexico, causing heavy rains in central andsouthern regions, droughts and rains in northernMexico, and winters with a marked absence of rain.


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BIBLIOGRAPHY

http://www.piscoweb.org/research/science-by-discipline/coastal-oceanography/hypoxia/pacific-northwest-dead-zone

http://www.elclima.com.mx/fenomeno_la_nina.htm http://www.elclima.com.mx/fenomeno_el_nino.htm

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