malezas invasoras

24
7/17/2019 malezas invasoras http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/malezas-invasoras 1/24 !"#$%"& ()"*$+,$+"-"& $+ !$./(0 1234 (35678 -96:3;7 (38<667 !"#$% '"(%$)*"+,- . /0+#121"% 3%4021-)15-6"%7 /8'8 47=28>?89@:A3B6>?7A

description

malezas invasoras es una introduccion sobre las principales malezas que afectan cultivos.

Transcript of malezas invasoras

Page 1: malezas invasoras

7/17/2019 malezas invasoras

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/malezas-invasoras 1/24

!"#$%"& ()"*$+,$+"-"&

$+ !$./(0

1234 (35678 -96:3;7 (38<667

!"#$% '"(%$)*"+,- . /0+#121"% 3%4021-)15-6"%7 /8'8

47=28>?89@:A3B6>?7A

Page 2: malezas invasoras

7/17/2019 malezas invasoras

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/malezas-invasoras 2/24

!!   Reconocer las especies y géneros de plantas

exóticas invasoras cuarentenadas por México, desde

el punto de vista agrícola.

Page 3: malezas invasoras

7/17/2019 malezas invasoras

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/malezas-invasoras 3/24

Desde el punto de vista agrícola, la SAGARPA emitió un listado de

especies de plantas exóticas invasoras, las cuales están reguladas ycuarentenadas mediante la norma oficial mexicana NOM-043-

FITO-1999. De acuerdo a las condiciones del mercado mundial encuanto a la movilización de vegetales, sus productos y subproductos,

se considera que los riesgos de introducción de nuevas especies a

sitios libres es cada vez más crítico, porque frecuentemente sedetectan cargamentos positivos con semillas de especies de plantas no

presentes en México.

Debido a las prácticas de manejo de vegetales, sus productos y

subproductos en la agricultura, ganadería y comercio global, hoy porhoy son las actividades que más pueden contribuir a la movilización de

especies de plantas exóticas invasoras y una de las vías de entrada alas Areas Naturales Protegidas, poniendo en riesgo la biodiversidad de

las mismas.

Page 4: malezas invasoras

7/17/2019 malezas invasoras

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/malezas-invasoras 4/24

!"*(0 #$C"#+75A3 7D?B36 A9EB?343 +0!FGHIFJ/,0FKLLL

$8M9?BD?3?B7498 M353 M59=94B5 63 B4N57;2??BO4 ;9

A369P38 ?23594N9435B38 3 !QEB?7

H>K #78 =9:9N3698R 828 M57;2?N78 S 82TM57;2?N78 U29 89 M59N94;34 B4N57;2?B5 36M3V8R U29 98NQ4 82W9N78 36 ?2AM6BAB94N7 ;9 7N53X8Y 475A3X8Y 7D?B36X98Y

A9EB?343X8YR B4;9M94;B94N9A94N9 ;9 678 59U2B8BN78 89Z363;78 94 638 AB8A38R

;9T95[4 =94B5 6BT598 ;9 638 8B:2B94N98 98M9?B98 S :Q49578 ;9 A369P38\ ]^

Page 5: malezas invasoras

7/17/2019 malezas invasoras

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/malezas-invasoras 5/24

J3AB6B3 +7> ;9 98M9?B98

!"#$%&$&

!(%)&"#$*$%&$&

!(+&,$%&$&

-.,$/#0$%&$&

-,$((#%$%&$&

1$,2."32))$%&$&

13&0.".*#$%&$&

1.44&)#0$%&$&

1.05.)56)$%&$&

76"3.,8#$%&$&9$8$%&$&

:

:

;

<

=

=

:

:

<

:=

J3AB6B3 +7> ;9 98M9?B98

>$4#$%&$&

?&)$(+.4$+$%&$&

?2,+$%&$&

@,.8$0%3$%&$&

A.$%&$&

A.)2/.0$%&$&

B$060%6)$%&$&

B.($%&$&

C%,."36)$,#$%&$&

C.)$0$%&$&

:

:

:

:

<=

=

:

<

<

D

Page 6: malezas invasoras

7/17/2019 malezas invasoras

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/malezas-invasoras 6/24

90+-2)0$: :-(*0;-551-($: &7AA> _ #9=>

X"MB3?939Y

05B:94\ !(#$ 1&0+,$)E

-98?5BM?BO4\  &(+F &0+,& )$( 3#&,8$( 4F( /,$0*&(

*& 76,."$G 6(6$)4&0+& %,&%& <H= 4 I"&,. "6&*&

$)%$0J$, 3$(+$ DHK 4L *& $)+.E C6 +$4$M. &( ".,

&0*& )$ %$,$%+&,N(O%$ 4F( *#(O0O5$E >.( +$)).(

(.0 6(6$)4&0+& *& KH:P %4 *& *#F4&+,. 2 (.0

"Q,"6,$ "60+&$*.( . +.*.( "Q,"6,$E >$( 3.R$(

*& ")$0+$( 4$*6,$( &(+F0 *#5#*#*$( &0 +,&(

"$,+&( #/6$)&( )$( %6$)&( $)/60$( 5&%&( "6&*&0

(&, *#5#*#*$( (#4#)$,4&0+& . *#5#*#*$( &0 4F( *&

+,&( S.)#.).( $,,&/)$*.( &0 3#)&,$( $ ). )$,/. *& )$

3.R$ %&0+,$) *&) +$)).E >$( 3.R$( "6&*&0 %,&%&,

3$(+$ = 4 *& )$,/.E 9).,&( 8)$0%$( . ,$,$4&0+&

,.($*$(G &(+F0 &0 ,$%#4.( &0 60$ %$8&J$ &0

S.,4$ *& 648&)$ T6& &( 3$(+$ *& ;P %4 *&$0%3.E 1$*$ 648&)$ %.4"6&(+$ O&0& =PH:KP

,$2$(E 70 60$ (#4")& ")$0+$ (& "6&*& +&0&, &0

+.+$) 4F( *& ;PGPPP U.,&( IV#&)(&0 !" $% E <PPKLE

Page 7: malezas invasoras

7/17/2019 malezas invasoras

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/malezas-invasoras 7/24

 <%2)041-% %.+1-2- #>

X"8?69MB3;3?939Y

05B:94\ 7(+& *& V.,+&$4W,#%$E

-98?5BM?BO4\  &(+$ 4$)&J$ "&,&00& &X6*$ 60 R6/.

"&/$R.(. 8)$0%. %6$0*. (& %.,+$ &0 %6$)T6#&, "$,+&

*& (6 (6"&,Y%#& 2 (& *#("&,($ "., (&4#))$ 2 ".,

,#J.4$( %.0 2&4$( $*5&0O%#$( T6& *&($,,.))$0

06&5.( 8,.+&(E >.( +$)).( *& )$( ")$0+$( 4$*6,$(

(.0 (#4")&(G $)%$0J$0 *& :H< 4 *& $)+.G

S,&%6&0+&4&0+& &0 /,6".(E >$( 3.R$( (.0 ."6&(+$(G

.8).0/$( 2 &0+&,$(G *& KH:P I,$,$4&0+& :=L %4 *&

$0%3.G "&)6*$( &0 &) &05W( 2 (#0 "&).( &0 &) 3$JE >$(

U.,&( (& S.,4$0 &0 ,$%#4.( &(SW,#%.( &0 )$ "60+$

*&) +$)). 2 &0 )$( $X#)$( *& )$( 3.R$( (6"&,#.,&(E

1$*$ U., 0$%& &0 60 "&*Q0%6). *W8#) ))$4$O5. I60

$,,&/). #06(6$) *& K %$"6%3$( 2 %6&,0.( T6&

S.,4$0 60$ %.,.0$ I!)&XG <PP:Z V!AA@G <PP=LG4.,$*. I,$,$4&0+& 8)$0%.LG S,$/,$0+& %.0 (.). 60

"&T6&M. ".,%&0+$R& *& *&($,,.)). *& S,6+.(E [$#0$

. S,6+. *& \H:P %4 *& )$,/. 2 <H= %4 *& $0%3.E

C&4#))$( ")$0$( .5$)$*$(G %$*$ 60$ *& \H; 44 *&

)$,/. 2 %.0&%+$*$( $ 60 4&%3]0 *& "&).( (&*.(.(

)$,/.( IV!AA@G <PP=LE

7E?E -$,,.^(

Page 8: malezas invasoras

7/17/2019 malezas invasoras

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/malezas-invasoras 8/24

 <2-(*="%40+:$: =1%416$: -(>

X"8N953?939Y

05B:94\ !4W,#%$ _,."#%$)

-98?5BM?BO4\ 7) +$)). &( "&)6*.G U.,&( 5&,*&

$4$,#))&0+$(G 3.R$( ."6&(+$( 2 S,6+.( %.0

&("#0$( /$0%36*$( I*.( 4F( )$,/$( T6& &)

,&(+. (.8,&($)#&0*. *&) F"#%&L 2 $,,&/)$*$(

&0 S.,4$ *& &(+,&))$( $")$0$*$( I`.)4 !" $% EG

:aa\Z Ab7BG <PP\LE 1$*$ S,6+.G &X%)62&0*.)$( &("#0$( +&,4#0$)&(G &( *& KHc 44 *&

)$,/. IAb7BG <PP\LE

C+&5& ̀ 6,(+ 

-$,+ d6,(+&0

Page 9: malezas invasoras

7/17/2019 malezas invasoras

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/malezas-invasoras 9/24

'-+*=-:$% )-(-*$% #>

X"8N953?939Y

05B:94\ 76,.$(#$E

-98?5BM?BO4\  >.( +$)).( (.0 ,N/#*.(G &,&%+.(G

,$4#Y%$*.( %&,%$ *& )$ "60+$ 2 $%$0$)$*.( %.0

"&).( *#4#06+.(E >$( 3.R$( $8,$J$0 $) +$)).G (.0

).86)$*$( %.0 %$*$ )]86). +&,4#0$0*. &0 60$

&("#0$E >$ #0U.,&(%&0%#$ &( +&,4#0$) %.0 %$8&J$(

(.)#+$,#$( %.0 U.,&( +686)$,&( $4$,#))$(E >$(

%#"(&)$( (.0 )$,/$(G *& 3$(+$ c 44 *& )$,/. %.0 cH;

"&0$%3.( *& %&,*$( &0 )$ "$,+& (6"&,#., I136G

<PPKLE

e&0 9,&0%3

fCg!

Page 10: malezas invasoras

7/17/2019 malezas invasoras

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/malezas-invasoras 10/24

'-+*=-:$% ">.-2-(*=- !> `B9T>

X"8N953?939Y

05B:94\ A,.8E )$ ,&/#]0 *&) ?&*#+&,,F0&.E

-98?5BM?BO4\  &( 60$ 3#&,8$ $06$) %.0 3.R$(

&("#0.($( *& 3$(+$ :EK 4 *& $)+.E !) #/6$) T6& %.0

.+,$( ")$0+$( &("#0.($( *&) /W0&,. &$'"($)*+G &(+$

&("&%#& 0. &( %.0(64#*$ "., &) /$0$*.G ). T6& )&

"&,4#+& *#("&,($,(& &0 "$(OJ$)&(E 1.4"#+& 2

,&*6%& +$48#W0 )$ ",.*6%%#]0 *& %&,&$)&(E

h&2(E)6%#*%&0+,$)E.,/

Page 11: malezas invasoras

7/17/2019 malezas invasoras

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/malezas-invasoras 11/24

'+$41(- #$);-+1% (388>

X"8N953?939Y

05B:94\ 76,."$E-98?5BM?BO4\  A)$0+$ $06$) &,&%+$ *& #05#&,0.G T6&

%,&%& *& PE=H:E< 4 *& $)+6,$E `.R$( $)+&,0$( 2

"#0$*$ . 8#"#0$*$4&0+& *#5#*#*$(E >$( 3.R$( (.0

(W(#)&( &0 &) +$)).G (#&0*. ",./,&(#5$4&0+& 4F(

"&T6&M$( 3$%#$ &) F"#%& *&) +$)).E _$0+. )$( 3.R$(

%.4. &) +$)). O&0&0 &("#0$( %.,+$(E 7) +$)).

",#0%#"$) +&,4#0$ &0 60$ . 5$,#$( ,$4$( U.,$)&(E

f0$ (#4")& ")$0+$ "6&*& ",.*6%#, 3$(+$ DP

%$8&J6&)$( U.,$)&(E >$( %$8&J6&)$( (.0 &(+,&%3$(G

%#)N0*,#%$( 2 = $ D 5&%&( 4F( )$,/$( T6& $0%3$(G %.0

U.,&( ,.($( . 4.,$*$(E f0$ %$8&J6&)$ #0*#5#*6$)

",.*6%& : $ K (&4#))$(E >$( (&4#))$( (.0 *& = 44

*& )$,/.G %#)N0*,#%$( 2 %.0 60 $0#)). *& %&,*$( %$SW

.(%6,$( &0 )$ "60+$ Ig$5#* 2 _6,0&,G :aa=Z d3#+(.0

!" $% EG <PPPZ !V`AG <PPKLE

(&,5#%#.(E#*&$)E&(

fCg!

Page 12: malezas invasoras

7/17/2019 malezas invasoras

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/malezas-invasoras 12/24

?-*+12-+1- 1("6"+- #>

X"8N953?939Y

05B:94i 76,."$E

-98?5BM?BO4i A)$0+$ /)$8,$ $06$)G 8#$06$) 6

.%$(#.0$)4&0+& "&,&00&G :PHcP %4 *& $)+.E

`.R$( *& <H; %4 *& )$,/.G 8#"#00$jY*$(G ).( Q)O4.(

(&/4&0+.( 4F( $)$,/$*.(G )#0&$)&( . )#0&$)H

Y)#S.,4&(E 9).,&( &0 5$,#$( . 064&,.($(

%$8&J6&)$(G &) *#(%. O&0& ;H:K 44 *& $0%3.Z

8,F%+&$( #05.)6%,$)&( (&%$(G &0 < (&,#&(G ).(4F,/&0&( +,$0()Q%#*.(Z U.,&( +686)$,&( :<H<KG

8)$0%$(G cH:= 44 *& )$,/.Z U.,&( *&) *#(%.

$ 4 $ , # ) ) $ ( G " & 0 + $ * & 0 + $ * $ ( Z , & % & " + F % 6 ) .

3&4#&(SW,#%.G *&(06*.Z "$"6( 60$ %.,.0$ %.,+$E

9,6+. $T6&0#. ,6/.(.G %.0 *.( (6,%.( . &(+,N$(

&0/,.($*$( 4$,/#0$)&( 2 : 5&0+,$) I!0]0#4.G

<PPa8LE

^^^ES60/.%&5$E#+

Page 13: malezas invasoras

7/17/2019 malezas invasoras

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/malezas-invasoras 13/24

?-*+12-+1- :-+1@:- #>

X"8N953?939Y

05B:94i 76,."$E

-98?5BM?BO4i !,86(+.( "&T6&M.(Z *& :Pk=P %4 *&

$)+.Z $06$)&( . "&,&00&( *& 5#*$ %.,+$G %.0 3.R$(

8#"#0$*$(G Y0$4&0+& *#5#*#*$(G &,&%+$( .

$(%&0*&0+&(G +$)).( ,$4#Y%$*.( . 0. ,$4#Y%$*.( *&

).( %6$)&( (& .,#/#0$0 60$ . 5$,#$( %$8&J6&)$( %.0

U.,&( +686)$,&( 8)$0%$( 2 )$( *&) %&0+,. $4$,#))$(E

`.R$( &,&%+$(G $)+&,0$(Z %.4"6&(+$(E A&%#.).($6(&0+&(E >F4#0$ *& :Pk;P 44 *& )$,/.Z ck<P 44

*& $0%3.E ?F,/&0&( *& )$ )F4#0$ $(&,,$*.( .

%,&0$*.( I"&T6&M$( 3.R$(L . ",.S60*$4&0+&

*#5#*#*.(E _$)).( U.,$)&( ",&(&0+&(G %.0 3.R$(Z

/)$8,.(E b0U.,&(%&0%#$ 60$ %$8&J6&)$ (.)#+$,#$ . *&

5$,#$( %$8&J6&)$(G *& <EKk=EK 44 *& $0%3.E

-,F%+&$( #05.)6%,$)&( ",&(&0+&(Z %.0 U.,&(+686)$,&( 2 *&) *#(%.E CW"$).( *&) %F)#J S6(#.0$*.(Z

PE:kPE< 44 *& )$,/.E AW+$).( S6(#.0$*.(Z KZ

8)$0%.(  IU.,&( +686)$,&(L . $4$,#)).( IU.,&( *&)

*#(%.LZ <k= 44 *& )$,/.E 9,6+. (W(#)G %.0 %F)#J

"&,(#(+&0+&Z (&%.Z %#"(&)$(Z #0*&3#(%&0+&E 9,6+. *&

:EKk<E< 44 *& )$,/.Z *& PE\k:E< 44 *& $0%3.Z

%$SW I"F)#*.LZ /)$8,.E C&4#))$( : I!#h&0 !" $% EG :aaaLE

^^^EU.,$%28&,#$E0&+

Page 14: malezas invasoras

7/17/2019 malezas invasoras

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/malezas-invasoras 14/24

?1A-(1- 2"+6-*- X`25A> a>Y `>#> *7T>

X"8N953?939Y

05B:94i !(#$ +,."#%$)G !6(+,$)#$ 2 A.)#0&(#$E

-98?5BM?BO4i _,&"$*.,$ "&,&00& 5#/.,.($G %.0

"&).( 462 *#("&,(.(E `.R$( ."6&(+$(G 8#&0

&("$%#$*$(Z "&*#%&). 3$(+$ *& = %4 *& )$,/.Z

)F4#0$ S.)#$, +,#$0/6)$,G )$,/$4&0+& "60O$/6*$G

%.0 &X+&0(#.0&( "60O$/6*$( 3$%#$ $+,F(G

#,,&/6)$,4&0+& *&0+$*$(G %$E *& ; %4 *& )$,/. l

D %4 *& $0%3.E b0U.,&(%&0%#$( )$+&,$)&(G +$)).%.4Q0 *& %$E *& K %4 *& )$,/.G &(%$($4&0+&

,$4#Y%$*$Z %$8&J6&)$( U.,$)&( %.0 +$)).(

&X+&0*#*.( *& %$E *& = 44 *& )$,/.Z ".%$(

8,F%+&$( #05.)6%,$)&(G &0 60$ )N0&$G (6,%$*$G (#0

"&).(G %$E *& \ 44 *& )$,/.Z ,&%&"+F%6).

$")$0$*.Z ".%$( U.,&( &0 )$ %$8&J$G *& %$E *& :

%4 *& )$,/.Z %.,.)$ 8)$0%$Z $0+&,$( %.0 $"W0*#%&4&48,$0.(.Z ,$4$( *&) &(O). ",.4#0&0+&(G

462 )$,/$(Z .5$,#. *& K F0/6).(G /)$0*6)$,Z

"$"6( %.0 %&,*$( )$,/$( I!0]0#4.G <PPa%LE

h&2(E)6%#*%&0+,$)E.,/

`$# >&

Page 15: malezas invasoras

7/17/2019 malezas invasoras

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/malezas-invasoras 15/24

/1).B$: :-+1-($: X#>Y C395N4>

X"8N953?939Y

05B:94i 76,."$E

-98?5BM?BO4\ `#&,8$ $06$) . 8#$06$)G &,&%+$G 3$(+$ *& < 4

*& $)+.E _$)). ,.86(+.G (#0 "&).( . )#/&,$4&0+& $,$%0.#*&.H

"68&(%&0+&( I%.0 "&).( %.4. +&)$,$M$LE `.R$( )$( #0S&,#.,&(

S.,4$0 60$ ,.(&+$ 8$($)G .8).0/$( $ &)N"O%$( &0 %.0+.,0.

/&0&,$)G 3$(+$ *& KP %4 *& )$,/. 2 <K %4 *& $0%3.G

"#00$jY*$(G %.0 &("#0$( $4$,#))&0+$( 3$(+$ *& ; 44 *&

)$,/. &0 &) 4$,/&0G 4$0%3$*$( *& 8)$0%. &0 &) 3$JG %.0

".%.( "&).( . (#0 &)).(G )$( %$6)#0$( I)$( T6& (& &0%6&0+,$0

(.8,& &) +$)).L "$6)$O0$4&0+& 4&0.,&( 2 4&0.(

",.S60*$4&0+& "$,O*$(E b0U.,&(%&0%#$ %$8&J6&)$(

(.)#+$,#$( . $/,6"$*$( "., ".%$(E b05.)6%,. *& )$ %$8&J6&)$

(68/).8.(.G *& <EK $ D %4 *& )$,/.G (6( 8,F%+&$( m KPG )$(

#0+&,#.,&( )#0&$,&( 2 (#0 &("#0$(G )$( *&4F( .5$*$( 2

&("#0.($( &0 &) 4$,/&0G +&,4#0$0*. &0 60$ "60+$&("#0.($ 3$(+$ *& K %4 *& )$,/.G *#,#/#*$ 3$%#$ $S6&,$Z

U.,&( "., ). /&0&,$) 4F( *& :PPG %.,.)$( *& m = %4 *&

)$,/.G ,.($*.H4.,$*$( &0 &) )#48.G T6& 4#*& %&,%$ *& : %4

*& )$,/.E 9,6+.( 2 (&4#))$(i $T6&0#. *& c $ ; 44 *& )$,/.G

%$SW .(%6,.G 8,#))$0+&G 5#)$0. *& m :PP %&,*$( 8)$0T6&%#0$(G

*&(#/6$)&(G *& :< $ <P 44 *& )$,/.E A)$0+$ 462 &("#0.($

I[#8,$0(G <PPaLE

_&0.,#.

_&0.,#.

Page 16: malezas invasoras

7/17/2019 malezas invasoras

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/malezas-invasoras 16/24

32=1$: #$);-+0 #>

X`753:B43?939Y

05B:94\ 76,."$E

-98?5BM?BO4\  `#&,8$ 8#$06$) *& aP %4 *& $)+.G

60. . 4F( +$)).( &,&%+.( *&(*& )$ 8$(&Z "&).(

$ * " , & ( . ( G * & 0 ( . ( 2 8 ) $ 0 % . ( E ` . R $ (

.8)$0%&.)$*$( &0 )$ ,.(&+$G *& :K %4 *& )$,/. 2

*& :EK %4 *& $0%3.G (#&0*. 4F( %.,+$( 2

&(+,&%3$( 3$%#$ $,,#8$G 8$(& %60&$*$G )F4#0$

*&0($4&0+& "&)6*$ %.0 "&).( 4F( F("&,.( $ ).

)$,/. *& )$( 5&0$(E b0U.,&(%&0%#$ %]0#%$ %.0

46%3$( %#4$(E CW"$).( )#0&$)H)$0%&.)$*.(G *&

Kkc 44 *& )$,/.G (#&0*. 4F( )$,/.( &0 &) S,6+.E

1.,.)$ J#/.4],Y%$G *& :<k:K 44 *& )$,/.G $J6)Z

)]86).( 4F( %.,+.( T6& &) +68.E ?&,#%$,"#.(

%$SW "F)#*.(G +68&,%6)$*.(E C6 S.,4$ $(&4&R$ )$

%$8&J$ *& 60$ 5N8.,$ Id#)(.0G :aa<LE

Page 17: malezas invasoras

7/17/2019 malezas invasoras

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/malezas-invasoras 17/24

C1*="%40+:$: -+#0(%0 #>

X`753:B43?939Y

05B:94i 76,$(#$E

-98?5BM?BO4i 7(+$ ")$0+$ $*5&0O5$ &( 60$ $06$) *& #05#&,0. .

8#$06$) *& :KHcP %4 *& $)+.G ,$4#Y%$ 462 ".%. &X%&"+. &0 )$

8$(&E >.( +$)).( ,&*.0*.( (.0 4F( . 4&0.( "&)6*.(E >$( 3.R$(

$)+&,0$( (.0 *& 3$(+$ =E; %4 *& )$,/. 2 PEc %4 *& $0%3.E C.0

.8)$0%&.)$*$(G )$0%&.)$*.H.8).0/$( 6 .8).0/.H)#0&$)&( 2 (W(#)&(

&0 )$ 8$(&E 7) 3$J *& )$ 3.R$ O&0& 60$ (#4")& 5&0$ %&0+,$)G "&,.

)$( 5&0$( ,$*#$)&( *& ).( )$*.( 0. (.0 5#(#8)&(E >$( 3.R$( (.0 4F(

. 4&0.( "68&(%&0+&(G $60T6& .%$(#.0$)4&0+& %.0 "&).( 8)$0%.(

4F( )$,/.(E C6( 4F,/&0&( (.0 (6$5&( 2 %#)#$*.(E >$( U.,&( (W(#)&(

(& *&($,,.))$0 &0 )$( $X#)$( *& )$( 3.R$( &0 )$ ".,%#]0 (6"&,#., *&

).( +$)).(E A&,4$0&%&0 R60+$( 4#&0+,$( U.,&$0 . &0 &) &(+$*. *&

2&4$(G "&,. (.0 4F( (&"$,$*$( 60$ *& .+,$ %.0S.,4& ).( +$)).(

U.,$ )&( %.0O0Q$0 $ )$,/F0*.(&E 1$*$ U., &( *&

$",.X#4$*$4&0+& c 44 *& )$,/.G %.0(#(+& *& 60$ %.,.)$ +686)$,8)$0%$ %.0 K )]86).( "&T6&M.( 2 60 %F)#J 5&,*& "#).(. %.0 K

*#&0+&( T6& (.0 )#0&$)H)$0%&.)$*.(E 7(+.( *#&0+&( (.0 +$0 )$,/.(

%.4. )$ %.,.)$E `$2 K &(+$48,&( 2 60 "#(O). T6& &(+F0 #0(&,+.(

*&0+,. *& )$ &(+,&%3$ /$,/$0+$ *& )$ %.,.)$E 1$*$ U., &(

,&&4")$J$*$ "., D 06&%&%#))$(E f0$ 06&%&%#))$ &( +,60%$*$ &0 )$

8$(& 2 ,&*.0*&$*$E 7( 4F( $4")#$ ".%. 4F( $8$R. *& )$ 4#+$* 2

O&0& 60$ (6"&,Y%#& %$SW /,#(F%&$ ,6/.($ I!0]0#4.G <PPa$LE

Page 18: malezas invasoras

7/17/2019 malezas invasoras

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/malezas-invasoras 18/24

'"(+1(;1- "+10(*-)1% X#>Y -2A75N>

X`5388B?3?939Y

05B:94\ 1&0+,. 2 &(+& *& 76,."$E

-98?5BM?BO4\ 7( 60$ &("&%#& $06$)G /)$8,$G *& 3$(+$

KP %4 *& $)+.E `.R$( #0S&,#.,&( &0+&,$(G .5$*$( 2

"&%#.)$*$(G )$( (6"&,#.,&( (&0+$*$( 2 $8,$J$*.,$(E

9).,&( $4$,#))&0+$( . 8)$0%.H5&,*.($( &0 60$

#0U.,&(%&0%#$ $)$,/$*$ 0. ,$4.($Z "W+$).( *& ;H:=

44G 4F( )$,/.( T6& ).( (W"$).(E [$#0$ *& KH:P %4G

%6$*,$0/6)$,E 1,&%& 3$(+$ 60$ $)+6,$ *& :PHcP %4G

%.0 60 +$)). &,&%+.G (#4")&G 8,#))$0+& 2 (6$5&

I/)$8,$(L 2 $ ). )$,/. *& (6 ).0/#+6* (& ,&*6%&E

`.R$( *& )$ "$,+& (6"&,#., (.0 5&,*&H$J6)$*. 2

+$48#W0 /)$8,$(E `.R$( 8$($)&( %.0 "&*Q0%6).

%.,+. 2 .8.5$*.E >$( (&4#))$( (.0 *& <EK 44 *&

)$,/.G .8).0/$(G *& %.)., 4$,,]0 8)$0T6&%#0. %.0

60$ ",.2&%%#]0 &0 &) &X+,&4. #0S&,#., 2 )$(6"&,Y%#& /,$06)$, /,6&($ I-6,h& ?6(&64G <PPcLE

6").$*E^#h#4&*#$E.,/

fCg!

Page 19: malezas invasoras

7/17/2019 malezas invasoras

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/malezas-invasoras 19/24

`E C%3n0

!0%)1- 4-(12$)-*- X#>Y -98=>

X`5388B?3?939Y

05B:94i 76,.$(#$E

-98?5BM?BO4i `#&,8$ &,&%+$G $06$) . ,$,$4&0+&G $06$) *& #05#&,0.G

(& ,&",.*6%& (.). "., (&4#))$E >$ ")$0+$ 4$*6,$ O&0& 60 (#(+&4$

,$*#%$) &X+&0*#*. 2 S,.0*.(.G &,&%+.G +$)).( &X+&0*#*.( T6& 5$,N$0

*& :K H :PP %4 *& $)+.G 6(6$)4&0+& )#8,&4&0+& ,$4#Y%$*. 2

&0+&,$4&0+& %68#&,+. "., "&).( "&T6&M.(G (#4")&(G "&,.

%.4Q04&0+& &0 S.,4$ *& &(+,&))$E >$( 3.R$( 8$($)&( (.0

"&*#%&)$*$( 4#&0+,$( T6& )$( 3.R$( *&) +$)). 0. O&0&0 "&*#%&). 2(.0 $)+&,0$(Z )$( 3.R$( #0S&,#.,&( *&) +$)). (.0 *& :EK $ \EP %4 *&

)$,/.G &0 S.,4$ *& U&%3$ $ &)N"O%$ 6 .%$(#.0$)4&0+& %.0 60.(

%6$0+.( *#&0+&(G %.0 8$(&( &0 S.,4$ *& 8,.%3&( 2 "68&(%&0%#$

,6/.($E >$( 3.R$( (6"&,#.,&( (.0 (W(#)&( %.0 60$ 8$(& ($/#+$*$E

b0U.,&(%&0%#$ ",.S6($4&0+& U.,&$*$ %.0 60 ,$%#4. %&0+,$) 2

5$,#.( ,$%#4.( *#("&,(.( $) Y0$) *& ).( +$)).(E >$( U.,&(

#0*#5#*6$)&( (.0 3$(+$ *& = 44 *& $0%3. 2 *& %.)., $4$,#)).*.,$*.G 0$%&0 &0 "&*#%&).( *& c $ :P 44 *& )$,/.E >$( (#)#%6$(

%.0 )$( (&4#))$( +.(%$4&0+& ,&O%6)$*$( %6$0*. 4$*6,$(G

/).86)$,&( 2 :EK H <EP l <EK H <E; 44 *& *#4&0(#]0G /&0&,$)4&0+&

(.). %.0O&0&0 60$ (#4")& (&4#))$E >$( (&4#))$( 4$*6,$( (.0 %$SW

$4$,#))&0+$ (6$5&( . $4$,#)). 0$,$0R$ 2 .5$*$( %.0 60

",.4#0&0+& (6,%. S.,4$*. "., )$ ,$NJ *&) &48,#]0G 4#*&0 :E=

44 *& *#F4&+,. I9,$0%#( 2 d$,^#%h <PP<Z V!AA@G <PP=8LE

Page 20: malezas invasoras

7/17/2019 malezas invasoras

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/malezas-invasoras 20/24

D=)-%41 -+#0(%0 #>

X`5388B?3?939Y

05B:94i !(#$ 1&0+,$)E

-98?5BM?BO4\ `#&,8$ $06$)G /)$8,$G *& %.)., 5&,*& 8,#))$0+&G *&

:P $ ;P %4 *& $)+.E _$)). (#4")& $ 462 ,$4#Y%$*.E `.R$(

$)+&,0$(G #0S&,#.,&( *#("6&(+$( &0 ,.(&+$ 8$($)Z .8)$0%&.)$*$(G

*& < $ a %4 *& )$,/.G *& \ $ :K 44 *& $0%3.G &("$+6)$*$( 6

.8)$0%&.)$*$(G (#06$*$( $ 4F( . 4&0.( )#,$*$(G &(+,&%3F0*.(&

&0 )$ 8$(& &0 60 %.,+. "&%N.).G 0.,4$)4&0+& (& %$&0 ",.0+.E

?&*#$( 2 (6"&,#.,&(  <Hc %4G 5$,N$0 *& (W(#)&( $

(&4#$4")&X#%$6)&( I$8,$J$0*. &) +$)).L $ 3$(+$*$( I&0 S.,4$

*& 8$(& *& "60+$ *& U&%3$LG .8).0/$( $ )$0%&.)$*$(G *&0+$*$(

$ (#06$*.H*&0+$*$(E b0U.,&(%&0%#$ ,$%#4. &).0/$*.E 9).,&(i

(W"$).( DG 5&,*.(.H8)$0T6&%#0.(G *& :EK $ <EK 44 *& )$,/.E

AW+$).( DG 8)$0%.(G *& < $ D 44 *& )$,/.E c &(+$48,&(E 9,6+. 

60$ (#)#%6$ /)$8,$G S6&,+&4&0+& %.4",#4#*$G (68.,8#%6)$, $

$4")#$4&0+& .8).0/.H.8%.,*$*$G *& :P $ :\ 44 *& )$,/. 2

$",.X#4$*$4&0+& ). 4#(4. *& $0%3.G #0%)62&0*. )$( $4")#$($)$(G ",&(&0+$ 60 F"#%& 3&0*#*. *& : $ <EK 44 *&

",.S60*#*$*G %$*$ (#)#%6$ "6&*& %.0+&0&, *& D $ :c (&4#))$(E

C&4#))$( *&3#(%&0+&(G %$(# %#,%6)$,&(G S6&,+&4&0+& $")$0$*$( 2

$)$*$(G :E< $ <E= 44 *& )$,/. 2 : $ :EK 44 *& $0%3.G ,.R#J$( .

%$SW "Q,"6,$ $ 0&/,$(G $)/60$( "6&*&0 ",&(&0+$, 5$,#.( $0#)).(

%.0%W0+,#%.( $ 4$0&,$ *& 36&))$( *#/#+$)&( I[#8,$0(G <PPaLE

Page 21: malezas invasoras

7/17/2019 malezas invasoras

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/malezas-invasoras 21/24

 <;+"%*0::- ;1*=-;" #>

X(35S7MbS663?939Y

05B:94\ 76,$(#$

-98?5BM?BO4\  3#&,8$ $06$)G &,&%+$ %.0 "&).(

(&*.(.(G +$)).( *&)/$*.( IV1CfG :aa\L *& 3$(+$ :

4 *& $)+. Id_fG <PPcLZ 3.R$( ."6&(+$(G

&(+,&%3$(G (#4")&( IV1CfG :aa\LG *& KH:< %4 *&

)$,/. 2 =H\ 44 *& $0%3. Id_fG <PPcLZ U.,&(

(#4")&( %.0 K "W+$).( ,.($*.( . "Q,"6,$ IV1CfG

:aa\L &0 60$ #0U.,&(%&0%#$ $8#&,+$G +&,4#0$) &0

&) +$)). ",#0%#"$) 2 )$+&,$)&(Z "&*#%&).( ,.86(+.(G

*& KH:K %4 *& )$,/.G +68. *&) %F)#J *& :<H:c 44

*& )$,/.G %.0 :P %.(O))$( 462 4$,%$*$(G ).(

%#0%. )]86).( )#0&$)&( $ )$0%&.)$*.(G *& <PHDP

44 *& )$,/.Z &(+$48,&( :P 2 &(O).( K Id_fG

<PPcLZ S,6+. 60$ %F"(6)$ %.0 064&,.($( (&4#))$(

0&/,$( IV1CfG :aa\LE C&4#))$( *& =H=EK 44G+68&,%6)$*$( I79-bG <PP;LE

S.,64E/$,+&0H"6,E*&

Page 22: malezas invasoras

7/17/2019 malezas invasoras

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/malezas-invasoras 22/24

/1)0(0 ("2@E"+- #>

X(35S7MbS663?939Y

05B:94i 76,."$ @,#&0+$) 2 1&,%$0. @,#&0+&E

-98?5BM?BO4\ A)$0+$ $06$)G *&0($4&0+& "68&(%&0+&G /)$0*6)$,G &("&%#$)4&0+&&0 )$ "$,+& *#(+$)Z ,$N%&( &X+&0*#*$(E _$)). &,&%+.G (#4")& ",.X#4$) $ )$

#0U.,&(%&0%#$ . %.0 ".%$( ,$4$( 8$($)&(G ,$4#Y%$*. *#(+$)4&0+&G *& \K %4E

`.R$( < "., 06*.G /,$*6$)4&0+& ,&*6%#*$( *#(+$)4&0+&Z &0 )$ "$,+& 8$($)

.8)$0%&.)$*$(G *& cH:<IH:DL %4 o <PHDK 44Z %$6)#0$( $(%&0*&0+&4&0+&G

%.0("#%6$4&0+& %.0 5&0$(G $4")#$4&0+& &)N"O%$( $ )$0%&.)$*$(G *& :H:: %4

o =HDP 44G F"#%& $/6*.G %.,+$4&0+& $%64#0$*.G *&0($4&0+& "68&(%&0+& &0

$48$( (6"&,Y%#&(E b0U.,&(%&0%#$ %#4$G =H:K U.,&(G 8,$%+&$*$(Z %#4$ $8#&,+$G

U.,&( %.).%$*$( &0 ,$4$( $(%&0*&0+&(Z 8,F%+&$( &0 S.,4$ *& 3.R$G&(+,&%3$4&0+& )$0%&.)$*$(G *& :HK %4G F"#%& $%64#0$*.E A&*#%&).(

$(%&0*&0+&(G )#0&$)&(G :p=H= 5&%&( 4F( )$,/.( T6& &) %F)#JE 9).,&( 0.%+6,0$(G

<PH<K 44 *& *#F4&+,.Z %F)#J %.0 :P 5&0$( ",.4#0&0+&(G .5$*.H&)N"O%.G

S6(#S.,4&G &(+,&%3. &0 $48.( )$*.( 2 %.0(+,&M#*$ $),&*&*., *&) %$,"]S.,.G *&

:KH<DIHDPL o %$E = 44 &0 )$ U.,G 3#0%3$J]0 *& :P 44 *& *#F4&+,. &0 &) S,6+.G

*&)/$*. 2 "$"&).(.G 4F,/&0&( *&0+$*.(G %.0 %.4#(6,$( "F)#*$(Z )]86).(

&,&%+.(G S,&%6&0+&4&0+& ,&%6,5$*.( &0 &) S,6+.G )#0&$)H)$0%&.)$*.(G )$,/.(G

&(+,&%3.(G I=HL KH:PIH:KL 44G F"#%& $%64#0$*.G %.,+.H"68&(%&0+&G /)$0*6)$,G

#0+&,&("$%#$*. %.0 /,$0*&( "&).( /)$0*6)$,&(Z %.,.)$ 8)$0%$G S,&%6&0+&4&0+&

+&M#*$ *& ,.($G %.0 /$,Y.(G /$,Y.( #/6$)&( $ ).( )]86).( *&) %F)#JG )#48.

",.S60*$4&0+& 8#).86)$*.G )]86).( 6(6$)4&0+& &(+,&%3.(G $"W0*#%&( *&

PEKH:EK 44 *& $0%3.G 4F,/&0&( &0+&,.( . &,.(.(Z &(+$48,&( 4F( %.,+.( T6&

).( "W+$).(Z &(O).( =G 4F( %.,+.( T6& ).( "W+$).(E 1F"(6)$( .5.#*&(G

%.0(+,&M#*$( &0 )$ 8.%$G #/6$)&( . )#/&,$4&0+& 4F( )$,/$( T6& &) +68. *&)

%F)#JG $8,&0 "., c *#&0+&( ,&%6,5$*.(Z %$,"]S.,. *& :H= 44E C&4#))$( %$SW

.(%6,$( $ 0&/,$(G %.0 /,#(G $4")#$4&0+& ,&0#S.,4&(G *& PE;H: 44G

S6&,+&4&0+& +68&,%6)$*$( I!0]0#4.G <PPaSLE

Page 23: malezas invasoras

7/17/2019 malezas invasoras

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/malezas-invasoras 23/24

F-22-+1- =1%4-(12- X!B66>Y *328?b95N

X(35S7MbS663?939Y

05B:94i 1&0+,. 2 C6, *& 76,."$E

-98?5BM?BO4\  A)$0+$ /)$8,$G /)$6%$E _$)).( *&

<PH:PP %4E >F4#0$ S.)#$, *& <H:P %4G 8$(&

%60&$*$ $ %.,*$*$E 1#4$( $8#&,+$(G *&

:cHKPIH:PPL U.,&(E A&*#%&).( IKHL :PH=PIHKKL 44E

9).,&(\  %F)#J *& aH:\ 44G %.0 F0/6).( . (6,%.(

",.4#0&0+&( G 6(6$)4&0+& 5&,*&(G $)$*.(G %$*$(6,%. %.0 5&0$( 4$,/#0$)&( S6&,+&(Z "W+$).( %.0

/$,Y.( *& ;H:D 44G )F4#0$ *& =H; 44E 1F"(6)$(

#0%)6#*$( &0 &) %F)#J *&) +68.E C&4#))$( *& <H<EK

44 *& $0%3. I!0]0#4.G <PPa#LE

Page 24: malezas invasoras

7/17/2019 malezas invasoras

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/malezas-invasoras 24/24

/-)%")- #0+:12$)-*- #>

X(b947M7;B3?939Y

05B:94i C#%#)#$G 7("$M$ 2 A.,+6/$)E

-98?5BM?BO4\  $,86(+. "&,&00&G 3&,4$S,.*#+$G *&

3$(+$ :EK 4 *& $)+6,$G 462 ,$4.(.G *& ".,+& 462

#,,&/6)$,G $ 5&%&( #0+,#0%$*.E _,.0%. 2 ,$4$(

",#0%#"$)&( %.0 %.,+&J$ /,#(F%&$ 462 $/,#&+$*$E

B$4#))$( 8)$0T6&%#0$( 4F( . 4&0.( 5&)).($(G %.0

"&).( &,&%+.( %,#("$*.(E `.R$( KH<K 44 *& )$,/.G$)+&,0$(G 462 5$,#$8)&(G (68%#)N0*,#%$(G (68+,#/.0$)&(G

$ 5&%&( &(%6$4#S.,4&(G +,#$0/6)$,&( . $)$,/$*$(G

$%$8$*$( &0 "60+$ 4F( . 4&0.( $/6*$G %$,0.($(G

4F( . 4&0.( 5&)).($( %.0 "&).( &,/6#*.(E >$( 3.R$( $

4&06*. S.,4$0 8,$T6#")$(+.( ))&/$0*. $ &(+$, $

5&%&( #48,#%$*$(E -,F%+&$( S.)#$,&( 4F( . 4&0.(

.5$)H+,#$0/6)$,&(G "$,&%#*$( &0 S.,4$ $ )$( 3.R$(G

"&,. (#&4",& 60 ".%. 4F( "&T6&M$(E 9).,&( +.*$(

3&,4$S,.*#+$(G (.)#+$,#$(G &0 )$ $X#)$ *& %$*$ 3.R$G

S.,4$0*. &("#/$( %.,+$(G 4F( . 4&0.( *&0($( 2

*#("6&(+$( &0 "$0N%6)$E A&,#$0+. %.0 K "#&J$( 2 K

&(+$48,&(E 7) S,6+. &( 60 $T6&0#. ,.*&$*. *& )$( K

"#&J$( "&,#F0O%$(G %$*$ 60$ %.0 60 $)$ *.,($) *&

%.)., ,.($*. %)$,. $ "Q,"6,$ S6&,+&E