Magister Encriptacion RDA

7/31/2019 Magister Encriptacion RDA

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\DFRKOKCKM PFK_@XSKBMB CMRDAKCMB@A \@XP

@SCP@AM B@ JXMBPMBDSEM@SRXKM B@ KFODXEMRKCM

R@SKS \MXM D\RMX @A JXMBD B@ EMJKSR@X @FKFODXEMRKCM

IMRKM X@JKFM A@DF ADE\MXR@

@FCXK\RMCKDF XSMB@ MXCNK_DS B@ R@^RD

AKEM \@XP8


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M eks |mbx`s

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KFBKC@

KFRXDBPCCKDF &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 0

CM\KRPAD K CXK\RDJXMOKM&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& >

Nksrdxkm &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& ;

Cdfc`|rds hskcds&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& =0

Cxk|rdjxmom b` Camv` \hakcm &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 8=

Cxk|rdjxmom b` Camv` S`cx`rm&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 8;

CM\KRPAD KK @FCXK\RMCKDF XSM &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 20

J`f`xmckf b` Camv`s &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 2?

@fcxk|rmckf b` E`fsmg`s&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 2>

B`cxk|rmckf b` E`fsmg`s&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 2;

Emrèrkcm bà XSM&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 0=

CM\KRPAD KKK BKS@D @ KE\A@E@FRMCKDF &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& ?>

Majdxkred bà XSM &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& ?;

Camv`s XSM&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& :


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@fcxk|rmckf XSM &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& :2

B`s`fcxk|rmckf XSM &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& :2

Ke|aè`frmckf &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& :0

X`}p`xkek`frds &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& :?

N`xxmek`frm prkakwmbm&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& ::

Dxjmfkwmckf kfr`xfm&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& ::

_kskf J`f`xma bà Sksrèm &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& :>

B`scxk|ckf bà Majdxkred XSM&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& >=

@srxpcrpxm b` bmrds&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& >3

@srfbmx b` cdbkokcmckf&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& >?

B`scxk|ckf bà Cams`s bà Sksrèm&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& >>

MF@^DS&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& =83

Emfpma b` Pspmxkd&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& =82

@srfbmx b` cdbkokcmckf GM_M&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& =30

Aksrmbd b` \xdjxmems &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& =0?

HKHAKDJXMOM &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& =;2

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KFRXDBPCCKDF

@sr` rxmhmgd b` r`sks op` kfkckmbd `f mjdsrd b`a 8


7/161

cbkjds sdf ocka`s b` xde|`x |p`s s` |p`b`f |xdhmx rdbds ads |dskha`s vmadx`s

nmsrm dhr`f`x pf e`fsmg` cde|x`fskha`! d |dbèds cde|mxmx ams a`rxms es

ox`cp`fr`s `f à e`fsmg` cdf ams }p` s` smh`f }p` sdf es ox`cp`fr`s `f am

a`fjpm dxkjkfma&

Nksrxkcme`fr` |xke`xd nmf m|mx`ckbd ads cbkjds hmsmbds `f pfm fkcm

camv` cdfdckbds cded sksrèms b` camv` |xkvmbm& @srds rk`f`f à kfcdfv`fk`fr` b`

}p` à xèkr`fr` { à x`c`|rdx b`h`f `srmx b` mcp`xbd! cdf mfr`xkdxkbmb! `f ads

vmadx`s b` am camv`& R`fk`fbd `f cp`frm }p` |dx s`jpxkbmb b`h`xf cmehkmx am

camv` b` v`w `f cpmfbd! b` }p edbd |dbxmf nmc`xad b` pfm emf`xm s`jpxm4

@srm bkokcparmb s` sp|`xm cdf am m|mxkckf b` ads sksrèms cxk|rdjxokcds b`

camv` |hakcm }p` |`xekr` m rdbds ads xèkr`fr`s prkakwmx am camv` |hakcm bà èksdx

|mxm am `fcxk|rmckf b` pf e`fsmg` }p` sad à b`srkfmrmxkd |dbx x`cp|`xmx |p`s

s`x à fkcd |ds``bdx b` am camv` |xkvmbm&

B`sb` am S`jpfbm Jp`xxm Epfbkma nm nmhkbd pfm cx`ckek`frd `s|`crmcpamx

b` am r`cfdadjm cxk|rdjxokcm! mpf}p` am em{dx |mxr` b` `srds s`cx`rds s`

emfr`fmf { mf `f am mcrpmakbmb! s` emfrk`f`f `f s`cx`rd& Okfmfckmbds `f sp

em{dxm |dx am FSM .Mj`fckm Fmckdfma b` S`jpxkbmb b` ads @@&PP&+ nmf skbd

rxmrmbms cded s`cx`rds ekakrmx`s& Mcrpmae`fr` ams pfkv`xskbmb`s rmehkf aa`vmf m

cmhd `srpbkds cxk|rdjxokcds { nmf r`fkbd bkv`xsds x`sparmbds `~krdsds `frx` ads

}p` s` cp`frm am cx`mckf b` ads sksrèms b` camv` |hakcm&

@f `sr` rxmhmgd s` |x`s`frmx à erdbd b`smxxdaambd `f =;:> |dx X& A&

Xkv`sr! M& Snmekx { A& Mbaèmf { }p` `s cdfdckbd cded sksrèm cxk|rdjxokcd XSM

|dx ams kfkckma`s b` sps mprdx`s& Hmsm sp s`jpxkbmb `f am bkokcparmb b` omcrdxkwmx

fe`xds |xkeds ep{ jxmfb`s mpf}p` cded rdbd sksrèm b` `fcxk|rmckf b` camv`

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|hakcm! à XSM |p`b` `srmx spg`rd m mrm}p`s cdf à okf b` dhr`f`x à e`fsmg`

dxkjkfma d b`scphxkx am camv` |xkvmbm&

Rmehkf cdfdc`xèds cded ams camv`s |p`b`f |xdr`j`xs` |mxm }p` fd

s`mf vpaf`xmha`s m `srds mrm}p`s { s`mf cmsk kfvkdamha`s& Pfd b` ads cdfc`|rds

es ke|dxrmfr`s sdhx` à cpma rmehkf x`skb` am s`jpxkbmb bà sksrèm! `s am

adfjkrpb b` ads fe`xds |xkeds }p` bmf apjmx m ams camv`s& Mcrpmae`fr` s` `srkem

}p` fe`xds b` = d 80? bjkrds b`ckema`s+

@a |xke`x cm|rpad b` `sr` rxmhmgd `sr b`bkcmbd m am `vdapckf nksrxkcm!

cdfc`|rds b` cxk|rdjxmom! rk|ds b` cxk|rdjxmom { erdbds& @a s`jpfbd cm|rpad fds

b`scxkh` `f b`rmaa` à erdbd b` `fcxk|rmckf XSM cdf am m|akcmckf bà `srfbmx

b` cxk|rdjxmom XSM aamembd \ICS # =&

@f à r`xc`x cm|rpad b` `sr` rxmhmgd b` R`sks! s` b`scxkh` am ke|aè`frmckf

b` ads majdxkreds XSM `f Gmvm `f pf sksrèm aamembd Sksrèm b` @fcxk|rmckf

XSM& Cp`frm cdf pfm kfr`xoms` }p` |`xekr` am kfr`xmcckf bà pspmxkd cdf am

j`f`xmckf b` camv`s |hakcm { |xkvmbm! ms cded am `fcxk|rmckf { b`cxk|rmckf b`

mxcnkvds& Ams cdfskb`xmckdf`s b` s`jpxkbmb x`cde`fbmbms |dx am bkv`xsm

hkhakdjxmom cdfsparmbm! rmehkf nm skbd ke|aè`frmbm&

Cded arkem |mxr` s` kfcap{` am s`cckf b` Mf`~ds `f am }p` s`

`fcdfrxmxf à Emfpma b` @srfbmx`s prkakwmbds! à Emfpma b` pspmxkd ms cded à

aksrmbd cde|a`rd bà |xdjxmem&

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CM\KRPAD K

CXK\RDJXMOKM

@a dxkj`f b` am cxk|rdjxmom s` xèdfrm skf bpbm m ads dxj`f`s bà ndehx`!

b`sb` }p` m|x`fbk m cdepfkcmxs`& @frdfc`s! rpvd }p` `fcdfrxmx e`bkds b`

ms`jpxmx am cdfokb`fckmakbmb b` pfm |mxr` b` sps cdepfkcmckdf`s& Kfcapsd `f à

mfrkjpd @jk|rd! am `scxkrpxm gpj m v`c`s `s` |m|à& @a |xkfck|kd hskcd b` am

cxk|rdjxmom `s emfr`f`x pfm cdepfkcmckf `frx` bds |`xsdfms b` odxem }p` s`m

kfcde|x`fskha` |mxm à x`srd&

Op` cdfskb`xmbm pf mxr`! nmsrm }p` Snmffdf |phakc `f =;2; am (R`dxm b`

ams cdepfkcmckdf`s s`cx`rms(! am cpma op` m|akcmbm |dx à FHS .Fmrkdfma Hpx`mp do

Srmfbmxs+ b` @@PP |mxm b`smxxdaamx à sksrèm cxk|rdjxokcd B@S .Bmrm @fcx{|rkdf

Srmfbmxb+& @frdfc`s am cxk|rdjxmom è|`w m s`x cdfskb`xmbm pfm ck`fckm

m|akcmbm! b`hkbd m sp xàmckf cdf drxms ck`fckms! cded am `srmbsrkcm! am r`dxm b`

fe`xds! am r`dxm b` am kfodxemckf { am r`dxm b` am cde|a`gkbmb cde|prmckdfma&

Mndxm hk`f! am cxk|rdjxmom cdxx`s|dfb` sad m pfm |mxr` b` am cdepfkcmckf

s`cx`rm& Sk s` x`}pk`x` s`cx`rd |mxm am cdepfkcmckf! `s |dx}p` `~ksr`

b`scdfokmfwm d |àkjxd b` }p` à e`fsmg` rxmfsekrkbd s`m kfr`xc`|rmbd |dx pf

`fèkjd& @sr` `fèkjd! sk `~ksr`! prkakwmx rdbds ads e`bkds m sp macmfc` |mxm

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b`sckoxmx `sds e`fsmg`s s`cx`rds e`bkmfr` pf cdfgpfrd b` rcfkcms { erdbds

}p` cdfsrkrp{`f pfm ck`fckm cdfdckbm cded cxk|rdmfaksks& Ma cdfgpfrd b` mehms

ck`fckms! cxk|rdjxmom { cxk|rdmfaksks s` a` b`fdekfm cxk|rdadjm&

Nksrdxkm

Bà Mfrkjpd @jk|rd m am `xm bkjkrma! ads e`fsmg`s ckoxmbds nmf gpjmbd pf

|m|à b`srmcmbd `f am Nksrdxkm& Mxem b` ekakrmx`s! bk|aderkcds { `s|ms! sdf am

e`gdx bò`fsm b` ams cdepfkcmckdf`s { bmrds }p` vkmgmf |dx Kfr`xf`r&

@scamvds cdf r`~rds jxmhmbds `f sp cp`xd cmhàapbd! maomh`rds b` `~rxmds

sehdads! `scxkrds b` rkfrm ske|rkcm! s`cp`fckms kfr`xekfmha`s b` fe`xds&&&

B`sb` am Mfrkj`bmb! à ndehx` nm n`cnd jmam b` sp kfj`fkd |mxm jmxmfrkwmx am

cdfokb`fckmakbmb b` sps cdepfkcmckdf`s& Am cxk|rdjxmom .bà jxk`jd ix{|rds!

(`scdfbkbd(! { jxm|n`kf! (`scxkhkx(+! à mxr` b` `femscmxmx ads e`fsmg`s cdf skjfds

cdfv`fckdfma`s! }p` sad cdhxmf s`frkbd m am apw b` pfm camv` s`cx`rm! fmck cdf

am `scxkrpxm& Sp xmsrxd s` `fcp`frxm {m `f ams rmhams cpf`kodxe`s! { ads |m|kxds

bèp`srxmf }p` ads |xke`xds `jk|ckds! n`hx`ds! hmhkadfkds { mskxkds cdfdck`xdf {

m|akcmxdf sps kf`scxprmha`s rcfkcms! }p` macmfwmf nd{ sp e~kem `~|x`skf

jxmckms ma b`smxxdaad b` ads sksrèms kfodxerkcds { b` ams x`b`s epfbkma`s b`

cdepfkcmckf&

@frx` à Mfrkjpd @jk|rd ` Kfr`xf`r! ads cxk|rdjxmems nmf |xdrmjdfkwmbd

hp`fm |mxr` b` ads jxmfb`s `|ksdbkds nksrxkcds { pf skfof b` mfcbdrms& @~ksr`f

e`fsmg`s ckoxmbds `frx` ads ?2 mxrcpads bà Imemsprxm! à emfpma `xrkcd nkfb

bà _mrs{m{mfm! mhpfbmf `f ads r`~rds bk|aderkcds! |p`hamf ams xb`f`s ekakrmx`s

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`f rk`e|ds b` jp`xxm {! |dx sp|p`srd! sdf am `s`fckm b` am mcrkvkbmb b` ads `s|ms&

Ads erdbds caskcds

Ads `s|mxrmfds prkakwmxdf! `f `a 2


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@f =2??! A`f Hmrrksrm Mah`xrk! eskcd! |kfrdx! `scxkrdx { mx}pkr`crd! cdfckhk

à sksrèm |dakmaomhrkcd }p` è|a`m vmxkds mh`c`bmxkds! smarmfbd b` pfd m drxd

cmbm rx`s d cpmrxd |mamhxms& @a èksdx { à b`srkfmrmxkd nmf b` |df`xs` b` mcp`xbd

|mxm okgmx am |dskckf xàmrkvm b` bds cxcpads cdfcfrxkcds! }p` b`r`xekfmx am

cdxx`s|dfb`fckm b` ads skjfds&

Pf skjad b`s|ps! Jkdvmf Hmrrksrm Hàmsd b` Hx`sckm kfsrkrp{ pfm fp`vm

rcfkcm& Am camv`! odxembm |dx pfm |mamhxm d pfm oxms`! b`h` rxmfscxkhkxs` a`rxm m

a`rxm sdhx` à r`~rd dxkjkfma& Cmbm a`rxm bà r`~rd s` cmehkm |dx am cdxx`s|dfbk`fr`

`f à maomh`rd }p` cdek`fwm `f am a`rxm camv`&

\`xd ads erdbds caskcds bksrmf epcnd b` s`x kfomakha`s& @f majpfds cmsds!

hmsrm nmc`x pf ske|a` cacpad |mxm b`s`frxmmx ads e`fsmg`s dcpards& Sk s`

cdfoxdfrm am ox`cp`fckm nmhkrpma b` ams a`rxms `f à a`fjpmg` cdef cdf am b` ads

skjfds bà cxk|rdjxmem! |p`b` x`sparmx xàmrkvme`fr` s`fckaad b`sckoxmxad& Omcrdx`s

cded am adfjkrpb bà r`~rd! à psd b` es b` pfm camv` d am `~r`fskf b` `srm

gp`jmf pf |m|à ep{ ke|dxrmfr`! ms cded am kfrpkckf! pf mxem `s`fckma |mxm rdbd

cxk|rdmfmaksrm&

@f à skjad ^K^! I`xcndoos `srmha`ck ads |xkfck|kds b` am cxk|rdjxmom

edb`xfm& Pfd b` ads |xkfck|kds `srmha`c` }p` am s`jpxkbmb b` pf sksrèm b`

ckoxmbd fd x`skb` es }p` `f am camv` { fd `f à |xdc`bkek`frd b` ckoxmbd&

@f ad spc`skvd! cdfc`hkx sksrèms cxk|rdjxokcds b`hm x`s|dfb`x m `sds

cxkr`xkds& Skf èhmxjd! rdbmvm a`s omarmhm m `sds sksrèms pfds ckek`frds

emrèrkcds spokck`fr`s }p` |xdv`{`xmf prkakbmb`s |mxm e`bkx { cpmfrkokcmx sp

x`sksr`fckm m `v`frpma`s mrm}p`s {! |dx }p fd! `fcdfrxmx à Smfrd Jxkma b` am

cxk|rdjxmom7 à sksrèm kfcdfbkckdfmae`fr` s`jpxd&

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@f =;2> { =;2; bds mxrcpads b` Campb` Snmffdf! R`dxm Emrèrkcm b` am

Cdepfkcmckf { sdhx` rdbd Am R`dxm b` am Cdepfkcmckf b` ads Sksrèms

S`cx`rds bk`xdf ads ckek`frds ck`frokcds m am cxk|rdjxmom hdxxmfbd rmfrd vmfms

|xde`sms cded omasds |x`gpkckds& Snmffdf |xdh }p` à ckoxmbd b` _`xfme

kfrxdbpckbd majpfms b`c`fms b` mds mfr`s rdbmvm aamembd df`%rke` |mb`xm à

fkcd sksrèm kfcdfbkckdfmae`fr` s`jpxd& Skf èhmxjd à sksrèm `xm

ke|xmcrkcmha`& @s |dx ad }p` nd{ `f bm am `vmapmckf b` am s`jpxkbmb b` pf

sksrèm s` kfr`x`sm |xkfck|mae`fr` `f am s`jpxkbmb cde|prmckdfma& S` bkc` }p` pf

sksrèm b` ckoxmbd b` camv` s`cx`rm `s s`jpxd sk fkfjf mrm}p` cdfdckbd b` e`fdx

cde|a`gkbmb }p` am hs}p`bm `~nmpsrkvm sdhx` à `s|mckd b` camv`s dox`c`

e`gdx`s x`sparmbds }p` srm&

@fkjem! am vkcrdxkm makmbm

@a skjad ^^ nm x`vdapckdfmbd am cxk|rdjxmom& X`rdemfbd à cdfc`|rd b` ams

xp`bms cdfcfrxkcms b` Mah`xrk! m |xkfck|kds b` am c`frpxkm s` bks`mxdf rà`rk|ds

`}pk|mbds cdf pfm s`cp`fckm b` xdrdx`s evka`s& srds jkxmhmf cdf cmbm r`cam

}p` s` |pasmhm& B` `srm odxem! `f apjmx b` am a`rxm à`jkbm! m|mx`cm pf skjfd

`scdjkbd |dx am e}pkfm s`jf bko`x`fr`s x`jams `f pf cbkjd |dakmaomhrkcd

cde|a`gd& @srds m|mxmrds! s` aamemxdf rxmbpcrdx`s e`cfkcds& Pfm b` sps

|x`b`c`sdxms op` am Xp`bm b` Gòo`xsdf! à m|mxmrd e`cfkcd cxk|rdjxokcd es

mfrkjpd }p` s` cdfs`xvm&

Am |xke`xm |mr`fr` bmrm b` =;=;! { `s dhxm bà ndamfbs Ma`~mfb`x Idcn!

}p` cde|mxr` ndfdx`s cdf à maèf Mxrnpx Scn`xhkps! à kfv`frdx b` @fkjem pfm

e}pkfm cxk|rdjxokcm }p` ads fmwks cx`{`xdf kfvkdamha`! skf smh`x }p` m |mxrkx b`

=;28! |xd|kckmxm sp b`xxdrm& @f ò`crd! `f à b`s`famc` b` am cdfrk`fbm! nphd pf

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omcrdx b`ckskvd { m|`fms cdfdckbd7 ads makmbds `xmf cm|mc`s b` b`sckoxmx rdbds ads

e`fsmg`s s`cx`rds maèmf`s&

Pfm dxjmfkwmckf s`cx`rm! `f am }p` |mxrkck| Mamf Rpxkfj! pfd b` ads

|mbx`s b` am kfodxerkcm { b` am kfràkj`fckm mxrkokckma! nmhm adjxmbd b`s`femscmxmx

ams camv`s b` @fkjem! b`smxxdaamfbd es b` pfm bdc`fm b` mxrkapjkds %ams

hdehms% }p` b`svàmhmf ads e`fsmg`s ckoxmbds& Am e}pkfm maèmfm s` cdfv`xrm

ms `f à rmaf b` M}pka`s bà xjke`f! pf rd|d `f à }p` cdfokmhmf { }p` `f

bòkfkrkvm! rxmhmgmhm |mxm à `fèkjd&

Ads cbkjds b` am v`xskf gm|df`sm b` @fkjem .aamembds \px|a`! vkda`rm+ s`

b`sckoxmxdf `f à mrdaf b` Ekbzm{& Pf jxp|d b` mfmaksrms! bkxkjkbds |dx à

cdemfbmfr` Gds`|n G& Xdcnòdxr! b`scphxk }p` ads fk|df`s s`mamhmf cdf ams

skjams MO sp dhg`rkvd& \mxm cde|xdhmxad! Xdcnòdxr a`s nkwd aa`jmx `sr` e`fsmg`7

(@f Ekbzm{ s` nmf }p`bmbd skf kfsrmamckdf`s b` b`smakfkwmckf(& Kfe`bkmrme`fr`!

ads gm|df`s`s am x`rxmfsekrk`xdf `f cbkjd7 (Fd nm{ mjpm |drmha` `f MO(& B` `srm

odxem! à maekxmfr` Fkekrw cdfskjpk pfm camedxdsm vkcrdxkm! npfbk`fbd `f Ekbzm{

cpmrxd |dxrmvkdf`s gm|df`s`s&

Ek`frxms ads fmwks bks`mxdf @fkjem |mxm mcrpmx `f à cme|d b` hmrmaam! ads

`srmbdpfkb`fs`s prkakwmxdf pf edbàd aamembd Skjmhm { m|dbmbd |dx ads maèmf`s

cded (am jxmf e}pkfm(& @sr` edbàd! opfckdf `f `srmckdf`s okgms { op` à fkcd

mxròmcrd cxk|rdjxokcd }p` cdfs`xv kfrmcrds rdbds sps s`cx`rds bpxmfr` am jp`xxm&

Am `~ksr`fckm b` @fkjem { à n`cnd b` }p` ads makmbds cdfdck`s`f sps

s`cx`rds op`xdf! bpxmfr` epcnd rkè|d! bds b` ads s`cx`rds e`gdx jpmxbmbds b` am

KK Jp`xxm Epfbkma& Am xmwf4 ]p`xmf s`jpkx smcfbda` |mxrkbd rxms am jp`xxm

|dr`fckmfbd sp psd `f bkv`xsds |ms`s! }p`! ma kfsrmamxam! nmcmf rxmfs|mx`fr`s

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sps s`cx`rds&

Okfmakwmbm am cdfrk`fbm! ams fp`vms r`cfdadjms à`crxfkcms { bkjkrma`s s`

mbm|rmxdf m ams e}pkfms cxk|rdjxokcms& S` bk`xdf ms ads |xke`xds |msds nmckm

ads sksrèms cxk|rdjxokcds es edb`xfds! epcnd es okmha`s }p` am spsrkrpckf {

rxmfs|dskckf caskcms& Nd{ |dx nd{! s` prkakwmf erdbds }p` cdehkfmf ads bjkrds

bà e`fsmg` cdf drxds! d hk`f majdxkreds b` jxmf cde|a`gkbmb& Pf dxb`fmbdx

rmxbmxm 8 hkrs&

Cxk|rdjxmems `f am x`b

Ma`xrmbd |dx ams |dskhkakbmb`s }p` ams kffdvmckdf`s r`cfdajkcms mhxmf! à

Jdhk`xfd `srmbdpfkb`fs` kfr`fr! `f ads mds ckfcp`frm! kfrxdbpckx à B@S .Bmrm

@fcx{|rkdf Srmfbmxb+! pf sksrèm b`smxxdaambd |dx am Fmrkdfma S`cpxkr{ Mj`fc{

.FSM+& @a dhg`rkvd `xm }p` rdbds ads e`fsmg`s ckoxmbds prkakwmxmf à B@S9 pf kfr`frd

b` cdfrxda }p` |dcds mc`|rmxdf&

Fd nm skbd à fkcd& \nkak| Wkee`xemff! pf cxk|rjxmod mokckdfmbd! a`vmfr

nmc` pfds mds ams kxms bà Jdhk`xfd `srmbdpfkb`fs`& Sp bàkrd op` kb`mx pf

sksrèm b` cdbkokcmckf m|mx`frè`fr` kfvkdamha`! à \J\ .\x`rr{ Jddb \xkvmc{+! {

bksrxkhpkxad |dx ams x`b`s b` cdepfkcmckf |mxm }p` cpma}pk`xm |pbk`xm prkakwmxad&

Majd }p` fd |dbm mjxmbmx m }pk`f`s v`f `f am cxk|rdjxmom pf mxem b` bdha` okad!

rka |mxm ads jdhk`xfds { opf`srm `f emfds b` r`xxdxksrms { bàkfcp`fr`s&

Cdf am `~|mfskf b` am x`b s` nm mcà`xmbd à b`smxxdaad b` ams rcfkcms b`

dcparmckf! {m }p`! ma eksed xkred }p` cx`c` am akh`xrmb b` cdepfkcmxs`! s`

epark|akcmf ads xk`sjds |mxm am |xkvmckbmb& Am Mj`fckm b` \xdr`cckf b` Bmrds!

e~ked xjmfd `s|mda |mxm vàmx |dx am kfrkekbmb |`xsdfma ox`fr` ma mhpsd b` ams

fp`vms r`cfdadjms! nm mbv`xrkbd b` }p`! m fd s`x }p` s` prkakc` pf e`cmfksed b`

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ckoxmbd! b`h` mspekxs` }p` à cdxx`d à`crxfkcd fd `s s`jpxd& Erdbds cded à

mskerxkcd b` camv` |hakcm bòk`fb`f am cdfokb`fckmakbmb bà cdxx`d à`crxfkcd!

ockae`fr` vkdamha` skf àads! d am f`c`smxkm s`jpxkbmb b` ams cde|xms |dx Kfr`xf`r&

Skf èhmxjd! am bpbm |`xsksr`& Sdf cm|mc`s ams cde|a`gms camv`s mcrpma`s b`

jmxmfrkwmx à s`cx`rd4 Epcnms b` ams rcfkcms }p` s` nmf cdfskb`xmbd kfomakha`s m

ad amxjd b` am Nksrdxkm nmf edsrxmbd sps |pfrds bhka`s mfr` am nmhkakbmb b` ads

cxk|rdmfmaksrms! b`sb` ads eksr`xkds b` @fkjem! }p` cm{`xdf `f |db`x bà

`fèkjd! nmsrm à B@S! b`s`cnmbd |dx à |xd|kd Jdhk`xfd `srmbdpfkb`fs` |dx

|dcd okmha`&

\`xd m |`smx b` ads epcnds xpedx`s }p` nmhamf b` am |dcm s`jpxkbmb }p`

jmxmfrkwmf ams rxmfsekskdf`s vm Kfr`xf`r! `s ep{ ke|xdhmha` }p` pf `srmombdx

|p`bm kfr`xc`|rmx ads bmrds x`s`xvmbds b` pfm rxmfsmcckf! |dx `gè|ad! à fe`xd

b` pfm rmxg`rm b` cxbkrd! |dx}p` ads odxepamxkds }p` nm{ }p` xàa`fmx nmf skbd

bks`mbds cdf |xdjxmems }p` ckoxmf ads bmrds& Ads nm{ rmf ske|a`s cded à Xd=3!

}p` spsrkrp{` cmbm a`rxm |dx am skrpmbm =3 |p`srds es mbàmfr`! d

`~rxèmbme`fr` cde|akcmbds&

@f |mamhxms b` pf m|mskdfmbd b` am cxk|rdjxmom! @bjmx Maamf \d`! (`s bpbdsd }p`

à jf`xd npemfd adjx` cx`mx pf `fkjem }p` à eksed kfj`fkd npemfd fd

x`spàvm(&

Cdfc`|rds hskcds

@f ads |xdc`sds b` maemc`fmek`frd { rxmfsekskf b` am kfodxemckf

fdxemae`fr` m|mx`c` à |xdhaèm b` am s`jpxkbmb& @f à maemc`fmek`frd! à

|àkjxd ad x`|x`s`frm à xdhd bà sd|dxr` bà e`fsmg` d ske|aè`fr` à mcc`sd fd

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mprdxkwmbd m `sm kfodxemckf! ek`frxms }p` `f ams rxmfsekskdf`s ad `s am

kfr`xv`fckf bà cmfma&

Am |xdr`cckf b` am kfodxemckf s` aa`vm m cmhd vmxkmfbd sp odxem& S` aamem

ckoxmbd .d rxmfsodxemckf cxk|rdjxokcm+ m pfm rxmfsodxemckf bà r`~rd dxkjkfma

.aamembd rmehkf r`~rd kfkckma d r`~rd camxd+ }p` ad cdfvk`xr` `f à aamembd r`~rd

ckoxmbd d cxk|rdjxmem& Mfadjme`fr`! s` aamem b`sckoxmbd m am rxmfsodxemckf }p`

|`xekr` x`cp|`xmx à r`~rd dxkjkfma m |mxrkx bà r`~rd ckoxmbd&

Am r`dxm b` am kfodxemckf `srpbkm à |xdc`sd b` am rxmfsekskf xpkbdsm b` pf

e`fsmg`7

cmfma xpkbdsd

e`fsmg` rxmfsekrkbd %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%6 e`fsmg` x`ckhkbd

\dx drxd ambd! am cxk|rdjxmom `srpbkm à |xdc`sd b` ckoxmbd b` pf r`~rd&

rxmfsodxemckf cxk|rdjxokcm

r`~rd dxkjkfma %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%6 r`~rd ckoxmbd

@f à |xke`x cmsd! am bksrdxskf bà e`fsmg` rxmfsekrkbd fd `s kfr`fckdfmbm!

skfd }p` s` b`h` ma cmfma& Mbès! à x`c`|rdx rxmrm b` x`cp|`xmx à e`fsmg`

rxmfsekrkbd! psmfbd |mxm àad à e`fsmg` x`ckhkbd { pfm b`scxk|ckf |xdhmhkasrkcm

bà cmfma xpkbdsd& @f à drxd cmsd! am bksrdxskf sk `s kfr`fckdfmbm { à kfr`xc`|rdx

kfr`frm dhr`f`x à r`~rd dxkjkfma! psmfbd |mxm àad à cxk|rdjxmem { pfm b`scxk|ckf

|mxckma bà |xdc`sd b` ckoxmbd&

@f cpmfrd m dhg`rkvds! `f am r`dxm b` am kfodxemckf s` kfr`frm rxmfsekrkx à

e`fsmg` ad es camxd |dskha`! ek`frxms }p` `f cxk|rdjxmom s` rxmrm b` ad cdfrxmxkd9

`s b`ckx! nmc`x à e`fsmg` kfcde|x`skha` |mxm à `fèkjd& Skf èhmxjd! mpf}p`

d|p`srds! `srds |xd|skrds s` |p`b`f cdehkfmx |mxm |xdr`j`x ads e`fsmg`s cdfrxm

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à `fèkjd { à xpkbd m am v`w& \mxm àad! |xke`xd nm{ }p` ckoxmx à e`fsmg` { ap`jd

nm{ }p` m|akcmx ma cxk|rdjxmem x`sparmfr` pf cbkjd cdxx`crdx b` `xxdx`s&

Snmffdf! |mbx` b` am r`dxm b` am kfodxemckf! {m e`fckdf `f =;2; am

xàmckf `~ksr`fr` `frx` srm { am cxk|rdjxmom& B`sb` `frdfc`s s` psmf sp r`dxm {

fde`fcamrpxm |mxm à `srpbkd r`xkcd b` am cxk|rdjxmom&

Cded {m s` nm bkcnd! am cxk|rdadjm x`|x`s`frm pfm apcnm `frx` à

cxk|rjxmod! }p` rxmrm b` emfr`f`x `f s`cx`rd pf e`fsmg` psmfbd |mxm àad pfm

omekakm b` rxmfsodxemckdf`s! { à `fèkjd! }p` kfr`frm x`cp|`xmx à r`~rd kfkckma&

Cded `f rdbm apcnm! `s f`c`smxkd `srmha`c`x pfms x`jams&

X`jams b` I`xcindoos

I`xcindoos .s& ^K^+! `f sp rxmhmgd rkrpambd (Am cxk|rdjxmom ekakrmx(! x`cde`fb

}p` ads sksrèms cxk|rdjxokcds cpe|ak`s`f ams skjpk`fr`s x`jams! }p`

ò`crkvme`fr` nmf skbd mbd|rmbms |dx jxmf |mxr` b` am cdepfkbmb cxk|rdjxokcm7

Fd b`h` `~ksrkx fkfjpfm odxem b` x`cp|`xmx e`bkmfr` à cxk|rdjxmem à r`~rd

kfkckma d am camv`& @srm x`jam s` cdfskb`xm cpe|akbm skè|x` }p` am cde|a`gkbmb bà

|xdc`sd b` x`cp|`xmckf bà r`~rd dxkjkfma s`m spokck`fr` |mxm emfr`f`x am

s`jpxkbmb bà sksrèm&

Rdbd sksrèm cxk|rdjxokcd b`h` `srmx cde|p`srd |dx bds rk|ds bksrkfrds b`

kfodxemckf&

d \hakcm! cded `s am omekakm b` majdxkreds }p` ad bòkf`f&

d \xkvmbm! cded `s am camv` }p` s` psm `f cmbm ckoxmbd |mxrkcpamx& @f

ads sksrèms b` camv` |hakcm! |mxr` b` am camv` `s rmehkf

kfodxemckf |hakcm&

Am odxem b` `scdj`x am camv` b`h` s`x ocka b` x`cdxbmx { edbkokcmx&

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B`h` s`x omcrkha` am cdepfkcmckf bà cxk|rdjxmem |dx ads e`bkds b`

rxmfsekskf nmhkrpma`s&

Am cde|a`gkbmb bà |xdc`sd b` x`cp|`xmckf bà r`~rd dxkjkfma b`h`

cdxx`s|dfb`xs` cdf à h`fòkckd dhr`fkbd&

Rk|ds b` mrm}p`

\mxm à `srpbkd b` ads sksrèms cxk|rdjxokcds `s cdfv`fk`fr` cdfdc`x am am

skrpmckf bà `fèkjd& S` rk`f`f ads skjpk`fr`s mrm}p`s |dskha`s7

Mrm}p` sad cdf r`~rd ckoxmbd

& @srm `s am |`dx skrpmckf |dskha` |mxm à

cxk|rdmfmaksrm! {m }p` s` |x`s`frm cpmfbd sad cdfdc` à cxk|rdjxmem&

Mrm}p` cdf r`~rd dxkjkfma cdfdckbd& Cdfsksr` `f }p` à cxk|rdmfmaksrm

rk`f` mcc`sd m pfm cdxx`s|dfb`fckm bà r`~rd kfkckma { ckoxmbd& S` b` `sr`

cmsd! |dx `gè|ad! cpmfbd cdfdc` à rèm bà }p` rxmrm à e`fsmg`!

|p`s `sd |xd|dxckdfm pfm cdxx`s|dfb`fckm `frx` ams |mamhxms es

|xdhmha`s { ams |mamhxms ckoxmbms ems x`|`rkbms&

Mrm}p` cdf r`~rd dxkjkfma `scdjkbd& @sr` cmsd s` bm cpmfbd à `fèkjd

|p`b` dhr`f`x! mbès bà cxk|rdjxmem }p` rxmrm b` b`sckoxmx! à ckoxmbd

b` cpma}pk`x r`~rd }p` a àkgm! `fr`fbkfbds` }p` fd `s }p` a s`|m

ckoxmxad! skfd }p` ad dhrk`f` {m ckoxmbd&

Mrm}p` cdf r`~rd ckoxmbd `scdjkbd& S` |x`s`frm cpmfbd à `fèkjd

|p`b` dhr`f`x à r`~rd dxkjkfma cdxx`s|dfbk`fr` m b`r`xekfmbds r`~rds

ckoxmbds b` sp à`cckf&

X`rdemfbd am |xke`xm x`jam b` I`xcindoos! s` |p`b`f bksrkfjpkx bds rk|ds

b` s`cx`rd7 à s`cx`rd r`xkcd d kfcdfbkckdfma { à s`cx`rd |xcrkcd d cde|prmckdfma&

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20/161

@a |xke`xd s` hmsm `f }p` am kfodxemckf bks|dfkha` |mxm à `fèkjd fd `s

spokck`fr` |mxm xde|`x à sksrèm& \dx `gè|ad! s` bm `sr` cmsd cpmfbd à

`fèkjd sad cdfdc` pfm cmfrkbmb b` cxk|rdjxmem kfspokck`fr` |mxm à

cxk|rdmfaksks& \dx à cdfrxmxkd! à s`cx`rd |xcrkcd s` ekb` b` mcp`xbd cdf am

cde|a`gkbmb cde|prmckdfma bà cxk|rdmfaksks& S`jf ams f`c`skbmb`s mcrpma`s! {

b`hkbd |xkfck|mae`fr` m am jxmf cmfrkbmb b` kfodxemckf }p` s` rxmfsekr`

nmhkrpmae`fr`! ads bks`mbdx`s b` sksrèms cxk|rdjxokcds b`h`f sp|df`x }p` à

`fèkjd |p`b` nmc`x ma e`fds pf mrm}p` bà s`jpfbd rk|d! ap`jd b`h`f kfr`frmx

cdfs`jpkx ma e`fds s`cx`rd |xcrkcd&

Cded {m s` nm e`fckdfmbd! `~ksr`f epcnds |pfrds `f cdef `frx` am

r`dxm b` am kfodxemckf { am cxk|rdjxmom& @f cdfcx`rd! `frx` cdbkokcmckf {

cxk|rdjxmom s` rk`f` }p` am cdbkokcmckf x`|x`s`frm pfm odxem mar`xfmrkvm b`

`scdfb`x pf e`fsmg`& Am bko`x`fckm `s`fckma `frx` pf ckoxmbd { pf cbkjd `srxkhm

`f }p` `sr` arked `s pf bkcckdfmxkd okgd9 `s b`ckx! m cmbm |mamhxm a` cdxx`s|dfb`

skè|x` am eksem |mamhxm cbkjd&

Ams |xkfck|ma`s b`sv`frmgms bà cbkjd cpmfbd s` prkakwm cded ckoxmbd sdf7

Sad s` |p`b`f rxmfsekrkx m}pàams |mamhxms }p` r`fjmf rxmbpcckf

mskjfmbm `f à bkcckdfmxkd bà cbkjd&

@a x`c`|rdx b`h` r`f`x à bkcckdfmxkd |mxm |db`x b`cdbkokcmx9 `s b`ckx! à

cbkjd cde|a`rd cdfsrkrp{` am camv`&

Sp ke|aè`frmckf! sdhx` rdbd m am ndxm b` cmehkmx à cbkjd! `s ep{

cdsrdsm&

@a cxk|rdmfaksks s` |p`b` hmsmx `f pf mfaksks b` ox`cp`fckms&

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Am v`frmgm b` `sr` sksrèm `s am cde|x`skf b` am kfodxemckf skè|x` }p`

ams |mamhxms b` cbkjds psmbms s`mf es cdxrms }p` ams |mamhxms dxkjkfma`s&

Op`fr` bà r`~rd

@f |xke`x apjmx nm{ }p` bksrkfjpkx! s`jf am op`fr` }p` |xd|dxckdfm à r`~rd!

à ckoxmbd bkjkrma bà mfmajkcd& Sk bkcnm op`fr` `s bkjkrma! ads e`fsmg`s `srf

cdfsrkrpkbds |dx jxp|ds b` àè`frds |`xr`f`ck`fr`s m pfm cda`cckf okfkrm

b`fdekfmbm maomh`rd& \dx drxd ambd! s` bkc` }p` am op`fr` `s mfmajkcm sk j`f`xm

pf cdfrkfpd b` vmadx`s& @a ckoxmbd b` op`fr`s mfmajkcms fd x`sparm `f mhsdaprd

s`jpxd! |dx ad }p` `s f`c`smxkd |x`vkme`fr` bkjkrmakwmx ads e`fsmg`s mfmajkcds&

@f ads ckoxmbds bkjkrma`s! rmfrd à r`~rd dxkjkfma cded à r`~rd ckoxmbd `srf

odxembds |dx a`rxms b` pf maomh`rd& S` cdfskb`xm! mbès bà maomh`rd

M5ym=!m8!&&&!meu! ads maomh`rds odxembds m |mxrkx b` am cdfcmr`fmckf b` sps a`rxms

MVf5y.m=!&&&.f!m=+!&&&!.me!&&&!.f!me+u& Sps eVf àè`frds sdf ams aamembms f%

|mamhxms& \dx edrkvds |xcrkcds s` spsrkrp{`f ams a`rxms |dx fe`xds! psfbds`

`frdfc`s cded maomh`rd à cdfgpfrd b` `fr`xds We5y

|mamhxms cdxx`s|dfbk`fr` m `sr` maomh`rd s` a` b`fdrm We!f& \xkfck|mae`fr` s`

psmf bds maomh`rds fpexkcds! à maomh`rd b`ckem W=hkfmxkd y

@a bks`mbdx b` pf cxk|rdsksrèm! mbès b` `scdj`x pf edbàd |mxm am

op`fr` bà r`~rd! rk`f` }p` à`jkx ads sehdads emrèrkcds f`c`smxkds |mxm

x`|x`s`frmx ams pfkbmb`s bà r`~rd&

S`cx`rd |`xo`crd

Pf cxk|rdsksrèm rk`f` s`cx`rd |`xo`crd cpmfbd `s kfcdfbkckdfmae`fr`

s`jpxd ox`fr` m pf mrm}p` sad cdf r`~rd ckoxmbd sk am camv` s` psm sad pfm v`w&

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@}pkvdcmckf

@s es ocka b`bpckx mc`xrmbme`fr` à r`~rd dxkjkfma cdxx`s|dfbk`fr` m pf

cxk|rdjxmem }p` mc`xrmx cdf am camv` prkakwmbm&

X`bpfbmfckm { bksrmfckm pfkckbmb

S` sp|df` `}pk|xdhmhkakbmb |mxm ams camv`s { |mxm ams |mamhxms cdf

skjfkokcmbd! { |xdhmhkakbmb fpam |mxm ams |mamhxms skf skjfkokcmbd& Sk pf `fèkjd

nmc` pf mrm}p` sad cdf r`~rd ckoxmbd! pfm cdfbkckf f`c`smxkm { j`f`xmae`fr`

spokck`fr` |mxm xde|`x à ckoxmbd cdf pf mfaksks b` ox`cp`fckms `s }p` am op`fr`

bà r`~rd s`m x`bpfbmfr`&

Am bksrmfckm b` pfkckbmb x`|x`s`frm `f epcnds cmsds am cmfrkbmb b` r`~rd

}p` nm{ }p` kfr`xc`|rmx |mxm }p` fd nm{m kfc`xrkbpehx` sdhx` am camv` psmbm& Sk

am op`fr` `s x`bpfbmfr`! `frdfc`s am bksrmfckm b` pfkckbmb `s okfkrm& Am bksrmfckm b`

pfkckbmb fd `s am cmfrkbmb efkem b` cxk|rdjxmem f`c`smxkm |mxm ms`jpxmx pf

cxk|rdmfaksks ocka! skfd am }p` |xd|dxckdfm spokck`fr` cdfokmfwm `f pfm sdapckf bà

cxk|rdmfaksks&

Cxk|rdjxmom b` Camv` \hakcm

@f ads ckoxmbds mskerxkcds d b` camv` |hakcm am camv` b` b`sckoxmbd fd s`

|p`b` cmacpamx m |mxrkx b` am b` ckoxmbd&

@f =;:0! bds kfj`fk`xds à`crxfkcds b` am Pfkv`xskbmb b` Srmfodxb!

Znkrokàb Bkook` { Emxrkf Nàaemf! |phakcmf pf mxrcpad aamembd F`z Bkx`crkdfs kf

Cx{|rdjxm|n{ .Fp`vms bkx`cckdf`s `f Cxk|rdjxmom+ }p` rpvd à ò`crd b` pfm

hdehm `f am cdepfkbmb b` cxk|rjxmods! kfrxdbpck`fbd à cdfc`|rd b` cxk|rdjxmom

8=


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b` camv` |hakcm& Ads majdxkreds b` ckoxmbd cdf camv` s`cx`rm .d camv` |xkvmbm+! ads

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rkè|d |dakfdekma&

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8& @a èksdx |p`b` ckoxmx sp e`fsmg` cdf am camv` |hakcm bà x`c`|rdx `f

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|dakfdekma&

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\phakcmx à |xdhaèm \bkokcka { am odxem `f }p` b`h` s`x psmbd!

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b`sckoxmbd&

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eksed rk|d b` mrm}p`&

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|mxm pfd skerxkcd! b`hkbd m }p` am camv` |hakcm x`|x`s`frm kfodxemckf mbkckdfma

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x`sdav`x majf |xdhaèm emrèrkcd cdfdckbd! ek`frxms }p` majpfds majdxkreds

skerxkcds! ced à B@S! s` bks`mf b` rma emf`xm }p` ams `cpmckf`s

emrèrkcms }p` ads b`scxkh`f sdf rmf cde|a`gms }p` fd sdf x`sdapha`s

mfmarkcme`fr`&

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@f ads majdxkreds skerxkcds! `f ads }p` à cdfdckek`frd b` am camv` b` ckoxmbd `s

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`}pkvma`fr` ma b` am b` b`sckoxmbd! { vkc`v`xsm! am camv` s` |p`b` sà`cckdfmx b`

odxem ma`mrdxkm& Skf èhmxjd! `f ads majdxkreds mskerxkcds! ced am xàmckf `frx`

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cmacpamx am |hakcm m |mxrkx b` am camv` |xkvmbm }p` s`m cde|prmckdfmae`fr`

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ad spokck`frè`fr` |`}p`d ced |mxm cde|mxrkx pf sksrèm b` camv`s& Skf

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jxmfb`s |xkeds&

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cde|a`rd&

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cxk|rdsksrèm! { bdfb` à cacpad b` adjmxkreds `s mf es bkocka }p` `f ads

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bmx apjmx m pf jxmf fe`xd b` cxk|rdjxmems bksrkfrds& @f cdfs`cp`fckm! pf

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|xd|k`rmxkds b` emxcms b` rmxg`rms&

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cde`xckmfr`s ` kfsrkrpckdf`s okfmfck`xms&

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{ S@R! ms`jpxm sp kfvkdamhkakbmb! ma e`fds |mxm ams cm|mckbmb`s b`

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5 08 edb 00

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ebpad d edbpaps& D|`xmckdf`s cded am spem! x`srm { epark|akcmckf rxmhmgmf

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prkakwmx cpma}pk`x vmadx cded ebpad:& Rmehkf `s cdfdckbm cded am mxkrerkcm bà

xàdg&

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@a bkmjxmem mfr`xkdx prkakwm ebpad =3! |dx ad }p` am cp`frm è|k`wm `f < {

cdfrkfpm =! 8! &&&! ==! =8!

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\xkemakbmb { Cd|xkemakbmb

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Pf fe`xd `s |xked sk ads fkcds fe`xds |dx ads }p` |p`b` s`x bkvkbkbd

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Pf |mx b` fe`xds sdf cd|xkeds sk à fe`xd es jxmfb` }p` bkvkb` m

mehds `s à =&Ads fe`xds `f x`makbmb fd f`c`skrmf s`x |xkeds& \dx `gè|ad! > {

; sdf cd|xkeds |`xd fkfjpfd b` ads bds `s |xked! > { =< fd sdf cd|xkeds |p`s

mehds sdf bkvkskha`s |dx 8 { epcnd e`fds |xkeds& @a fe`xd = `s cd|xked cdf

rdbds ads `fr`xds { < sdad `s cd|xked cdf = { =&

@s b` fdrmx }p` sk s` rk`f` pf |mx b` fe`xds |xkeds bksrkfrds! àads

skè|x` s`xf cd|xkeds `frx` s&

\mxm b`r`xekfmx sk bds fe`xds sdf cd|xkeds! hmsrmx nmaamx à ECB {

cde|xdhmx }p` sr` `s =& \mxm `srd s` prkakwmx à Majdxkred b` @pcakb`s d à

Majdxkred @~r`fbkbd b` @pcakb`s&

\xp`hm b` \xkemakbmb b` Ekaa`x%Xmhkf

Mfr`s b` xò`xkxfds m `srm |xp`hm! kfbkcmxèds }p` pfm |xp`hm b`

|xkemakbmb `s pf majdxkred |mxm b`r`xekfmx sk pf fe`xd `s |xked& Fd `s ad eksed

v`xkokcmx am |xkemakbmb }p` omcrdxkwmx à fe`xd `f sps cde|df`fr`s `fr`xds& Am

v`xkokcmckf b` |xkemakbmb `s pfm d|`xmckf xàmrkvme`fr` s`fckaam b` x`makwmx

ek`frxms }p` am omcrdxkwmckf! `f am mcrpmakbmb 8


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x`sdav`x cde|prmckdfmae`fr`&=


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Majdxkred @~r`fbkbd b` @pcakb`s

@a Majdxkred @~r`fbkbd b` @pcakb`s `s pfm v`xskf bà majdxkred @pcakb`mfd9

sps `frxmbms sdf bds `fr`xds m { h { à majdxkred cmacpam sp E~ked Cdef

Bkvksdx ms cded `fr`xds ~ ` { rma`s }p` m~ ) h{ 5 ECB.m!h+& @srm `cpmckf `s

|mxrkcpamxe`fr` rka cpmfbd m { h sdf cd|xkeds! `s b`ckx ECB .m!h+ s`x kjpma m = {

~ s`x `frdfc`s am kfv`xsm epark|akcmrkvm b` m ebpad h&=3

Am kb`m hskcm à majdxkred b` @pcakb`s `s x`è|amwmx x`|`rkbme`fr` ads

fe`xds dxkjkfma`s |dx fe`xds es |`}p`ds }p` rk`f`f à eksed ECB nmsrm

}p` majpfd b` ads fe`xds s` cdfvk`xr` `f c`xd& @a majdxkred @~r`fbkbd b`

@~r`fbkbd b` @pcakb`s |`xekr` dhr`f`x gpfrd cdf à ECB! ads cdòkck`fr`s p { v `f

ams spc`skvms kr`xmckdf`s }p` sdf ads }p` s` cdfvk`xr`f `f ~ ` { b` am kjpmabmb

kfbkcmbm `f à |xxmod mfr`xkdx&

Ads cdòkck`fr`s p { v s` cmacpamf `f hms` m x`sparmbds mfr`xkdx`s { m ads

cdck`fr`s dhr`fkbds { cdf ams skjpk`fr`s oxepams7

p 5 pf%8 } f ' p f%=

v 5 vf%8 } f ' v f%=

bdfb` } x`|x`s`frm m ads cdck`fr`s dhr`fkbds { f `s à fe`xd b` kr`xmckf&

@gè|ad7

S`mf m583! h5=8?0%E.edb ;:'=sksrèm XSM s`m x`sksr`fr` cdfrxm mrm}p`s hmsmbds `f `sr` n`cnd! `s

cdfv`fk`fr` à`jkx cded camv`s |xkvmbms fe`xds |xkeds b` am odxem |58'|*)=!

bdfb` |* `s pf |xked ke|mx&

0& Mrm}p` |dx rkè|d

Idcn`x b`scxkhk pf kfj`fkdsd { fp`vd mrm}p` cdfrxm XSM `f =;;07 sk à

mrmcmfr` @v` cdfdc` à nmxbzmx` b` Makc` `f spokck`fr` b`rmaa` { `s cm|mw b`

e`bkx ads rkè|ds b` b`cxk|rmckf |mxm bkv`xsds r`~rds `fcxk|rmbds cdfdckbds!

`frdfc`s àam |dbx b`bpckx am camv` b` b`cxk|rmckf b x|kbme`fr`& @sr` mrm}p`

rmehkf |p`b` s`x m|akcmbd ma `s}pèm b` okxem XSM& Pfm emf`xm b` `vkrmx `sr`

mrm}p` `s ms`jpxmxs` }p` ams d|`xmckdf`s b` b`cxk|rmckf rde`f pfm cmfrkbmb

cdfsrmfr` b` rkè|d |mxm cmbm r`~rd cxkoxmbd& Drxm emf`xm `s psmx am |xd|k`bmb

epark|akcmrkvm bà XSM& @f apjmx b` cmacpamx cb edb F! Makc` |xke`xd `scdj` pf

vmadx ma`mrdxkd x s`cx`rd { cmacpam .x`c+b edb F& @a x`sparmbd b` `sr` cacpad `s xe

edb F{ ms à ò`crd b` x|p`b` s`x xèdvkbd epark|akcmfbd `s x`sparmbd |dx sp

kfv`xsm& Pf fp`vd vmadx b` x `s à`jkbd |dx cmbm r`~rd ckoxmbd&

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?& Mrm}p` mbm|rmha` b` r`~rd `fcxk|rmbd sà`cckdfmbd=0

Pf mrm}p` mbm|rmha` b` r`~rd `fcxk|rmbd sà`cckdfmbd `s pfm odxem

kfr`xmcrkvm b` mrm}p` s`jf à cpma pf mrmcmfr` `fvm pf ck`xrd fe`xd b` r`~rds

ckoxmbds m s`x b`cxk|rmbds! { ap`jd prkakwm ads x`sparmbds b` `srms b`cxk|rmckdf`s

|mxm sà`cckdfmx sphs`cp`fr`s r`~rds `fcxk|rmbds& Am e`rm b` `sr` mrm}p` `s

x`vàmx jxmbpmae`fr` kfodxemckf sdhx` à e`fsmg` `fcxk|rmbd! d sdhx` am camv` b`

b`cxk|rmckf& \mxm sksrèms b` camv` |hakcm! `sr` erdbd `s j`f`xmae`fr`

m|akcmha` sad cpmfbd s` rk`f` am |dskhkakbmb b` emf`gmx à r`~rd `fcxk|rmbd& `srd

`s! pf r`~rd `fcxk|rmbd |p`b` s`x edbkokcmbd b` emf`xms `s|`cokcms |mxm }p`

r`fjmf ò`crds |x`b`ckha`s `f am b`cxk|rmckf b` `s` e`fsmg`&

Mrm}p`s \xcrkcdsAds mrm}p`s mbm|rmha`s b` r`~rd `fcxk|rmbd sà`cckdfmbd op`xdf |dx epcnd

rkè|d cdfskb`xmbds cded cp`srkdf`s e`xme`fr` r`xkcms nmsrm =;;>! cpmfbd

Bmfkà Ha`kcn`fhmcn`x b` Hàa Amhdxmrdxk`s bèdsrx pf mrm}p` |xcrkcd cdfrxm

sksrèms }p` prkakwmhmf `fcxk|rmckf XSM { am opfckf b` cdbkokcmckf `fpfckmbm

`f à \ICS # =! kfcap{`fbd mbès pfm v`xskf bà |xdrdcdad SSA .S`cpx` Sdci`r

Am{`x+ prkakwmbd |dx eka`s b` s`xvkbdx`s z`h |dx `s` `frdfc`s&

Ads mrm}p`s b` Ha`kcn`fhmcn`x rdemxdf v`frmgm b` bò`crds bà \ICS # =

|mxm jxmbpmae`fr` x`vàmx à cdfr`fkbd b` pf e`fsmg` `fcxk|rmbd `f XSM {

|dr`fckmae`fr` x`vàmx ams camv`s b` am s`skf=?& Nmc`x `srd x`}pk`x` `fvkmx

epcnds ekaadf`s b` r`~rds `fcxk|rmbds b` |xp`hm ma bks|dskrkvd b` b`cxk|rmckf&

@f rxekfds |xcrkcds! `srd skjfkokcm }p` am camv` b` pfm s`skf SSA |p`b` s`x

=0 Mbm|rkv` cnds`f ck|n`xr`~r mrrmci!! rdembd à =? b` o`hx`xd bà 8


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kfv`srkjmckf s` mmbkxf { b`scphxkxf fp`vms |xd|k`bmb`s b` ads |mxe`rxds

}p` b`hmf v`xkokcmx |mxm }p` à sksrèm x`sparmfr` s` odxrma`wcm&

Pfd b` ads es x`ck`fr`s mrm}p`s ma XSM op` x`makwmbd |dx Zk`f`x& Aa`vd m

cmhd pf cxk|rdmfmaksks `f rkè|d |dakfdekma b` pf sksrèm XSM cdf camv`s

|xkvmbms |`}p`ms& \mxm àad! prkakwd pf majdxkred }p` x`|x`s`frm ads fe`xds

xmckdfma`s cded oxmcckdf`s cdfrkfpms okfkrms&

B` rdbd ad mfr`xkdx s` cdfcap{` }p` |mxm }p` am s`jpxkbmb bà sksrèm XSM

}p`b` |`xo`crme`fr` smavmjpmxbmbm `s f`c`smxkd `scdj`x cpkbmbdsme`fr` ams

camv`s m prkakwmx&

Okfmae`fr` s` |x`s`frmf majpfds x`sparmbds }p` v`xsmf sdhx` am s`jpxkbmb

bà sksrèm& Pf majdxkred }p` cmacpa` b s` |p`b` cdfv`xrkx `f pf majdxkred

|xdhmhkasrkcd }p` omcrdxkc` f&

Sk à XSM s` m|akcm `f pf `frdxfd `f à }p` à ebpad f{ ads `~|df`fr`s

b` ckoxmbd { b`sckoxmbd b sdf bksrxkhpkbds |dx pfm mj`fckm b` emf`xm }p` `srm

|xd|dxckdfm pf ebpad fcdef m rdbds ads pspmxkds! ads `~|df`fr`s b` ckoxmbd

b` cmbm pspmxkd `M! `H! &&& { bksrxkhp{` `frx` ads pspmxkds ams camv`s |xkvmbms bM!

bH! &&&! |`xd `f rdbd cmsd emfrk`f` |mxm sk ads fe`xds |{ }! `frdfc`s cpma}pk`x

pspmxkd |p`b` b`r`xekfmx `f rkè|d cpmbxrkcd b`r`xekfsrkcd am camv` b`

b`sckoxmbd s`cx`rm b` drxd pspmxkd&

Sk bds pspmxkds psmf à eksed ebpad `f pf sksrèm XSM { ad smh`f!

`frdfc`s cmbm pspmxkd |p`b` b`sckoxmx ads cxk|rdjxmems `fvkmbds ma drxd&

Ap`jd }p`bm camxd }p` `sms cdfbkckdf`s fd x`sparmf ep{ |xd|kckms |mxm am

s`jpxkbmb b` ams cdepfkcmckdf`s&

M |`smx b` ams v`frmgms `vkb`fr`s b` `sr` `s}pèm ox`fr` m ads sksrèms b`

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camv` s`cx`rm! nm{ }p` sphxm{mx }p` `f am mcrpmakbmb am |xkfck|ma b`sv`frmgm bà

XSM `srxkhm `f }p` `s epcnd es a`frd }p` à B@S { }p` ads ckoxmbds `f oapgd&

Cded ckoxms kapsrxmrkvms! s` |p`b` s`mamx }p` à B@S rxmhmgm m pfds 8< e`jmhkrs

|dx s`jpfbd! ek`frxms }p` à XSM opfckdfm m pfm vàdckbmb =


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CM\KRPAD KKK

BKS@D @ KE\A@E@FRMCKDF

\mxm am ke|aè`frmckf b` `sr` |xd{`crd fds hmsmeds `f à majdxkred

bòkfkbd `f à @srfbmx b` Cxk|rdjxmom b` Camv` \hakcm .\ICS+ |hakcmbd |dx

XSM Amhdxmrdxk`s `f à md 8


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Majdxkred bà XSM

Pfm camv` |hakcm XSM cdfsksr` `f pf |mx .f! `+ b` `fr`xds! bdfb` f`s à

ebpad { ``s à `~|df`fr` |hakcd& @a ebpad f`s pf fe`xd cde|p`srd jxmfb`

.pfm adfjkrpb `f hkrs b` |dx ad e`fds =


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| à |xke`x omcrdx! pf `fr`xd fd f`jmrkvd

} à s`jpfbd omcrdx! pf `fr`xd fd f`jmrkvd

b\ à `~|df`fr` bà |xke`x omcrdx! pf `fr`xd fd f`jmrkvd

b] à `~|df`fr` bà s`jpfbd omcrdx! pf `fr`xd fd f`jmrkvd

}Kfv à cdòkck`fr` CXR .Cnkf`s` Xèmkfb`x Rn`dxè+! pf `fr`xd fd

f`jmrkvd

@f pfm camv` |xkvmbm XSM vakbm cdf `srm x`|x`s`frmckf! ads bds omcrdx`s

|{ }sdf ads omcrdx`s |xkeds bà ebpad f! ads `~|df`fr`s b\{ b]sdf `fr`xds

|dskrkvds e`fdx`s }p` |{ }x`s|`crkvme`fr` smrksomck`fbd

`& b\ = .edb |% =+9

`& b] = .edb }% =+&

{ à cdòkck`fr` CXR }Kfv`s pf `fr`xd |dskrkvd e`fdx }p` |smrksomck`fbd

}&

}Kfv = .edb

|+

\xkekrkvms

XSMIJ J`f`xmckf b` Camv` XSM

@sr` majdxkred |xdbpc` pf |mx b` camv`s cdf à ebpad b` am adfjkrpb `f

bjkrds b`ckema`s b`s`mbm { pf `~|df`fr` |hakcd |x`b`r`xekfmbd& S` x`}pk`x`f 8

fe`xds |xkeds! cmbm pfd b` ads cpma`s `s j`f`xmbd |dx pfm sphxprkfm \J }p`

rdem pf kfr`xvmad { à `~|df`fr` |hakcd cded bmrds b` `frxmbm { b`vpàv` pf

|xked ma`mrdxkd | }p` |`xr`f`c` ma kfr`xvmad! b` rma emf`xm }p` | % = `s

xàmrkvme`fr` |xked cdf à `~|df`fr` |hakcd&

XSMIJ . A ! `+

@frxmbm7 A am adfjkrpb `f bjkrds b`ckema`s b`s`mbm |mxm à ebpad

:=


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8U&

8& Mskjfmx||) 8

3& Sk |`s bkvkskha` |dx bkjmeds cpma}pk`xm b` ads 8& Ek`frxms krnmc`x

>&=& J`f`xmx pf `fr`xd ma`mrdxkd mb` edbd pfkodxe` b`a kfr`xvmad Y=! |% =U

>&8& Mskjfmx h mz edb |

>&3& Sk h5 = d h 5 |% =! `frdfc`s kx ma |msd >&?

>&2& Mskjfmxg &0& Ek`frxms h|% = nmc`x

>&0&=& Mskjfmxgg) =

>&0&8& Sk g5 v! `frdfc`s x`rdxfmx ma |msd 8 .|`s cde|p`srd+

>&0&3& Mskjfmxhh8 edb |.5 mz8Vg edb |+

>&0&2& Sk h 5 =! `frdfc`s x`rdxfmx ma |msd 8 .|`s cde|p`srd+

>&?& Mskjfmxk k) =

;& Sk |`s em{dx }p` s! x`rdxfmx ma |msd =

=


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@fcxk|rmckf XSM

XSM@\ \XKEKRK_M B@ @FCXK\RMCKDF CDF XSM

XSM@\ . .f!`+! e+

@frxmbm

.f!`+ camv` |hakcm XSM

e x`|x`s`frmckf bà e`fsmg`! pf `fr`xd `frx` < { f%=

Smakbm

c x`|x`s`frmckf bà r`~rd ckoxmbd! pf `fr`xd `frx` < { f%=

@xxdx`s

(X`|x`s`frmckfb` e`fsmg` op`xm b` xmfjd(

Sp|p`srds

Am camv` |hakcm .f!`+ `s vakbm

=& Sk am x`|x`s`frmckf bà e`fsmg` e fd `sr `frx` < { f%=! edsrxmx

(x`|x`s`frmckf b` e`fsmg` op`xm b` xmfjd( { s` b`r`fbx

8& S`m c5 e` edb f

3& Edsrxmx c

B`s`fcxk|rmckf XSM

XSMB\ \XKEKRK_M B@ B@S@FCXK\RMCKDF CDF XSM

XSMB\ .I!c+

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@frxmbm I camv` |xkvmbm XSM bdfb` I rk`f` pfm b` ams skjpk`fr`s odxems

=& pf |mx .f!b+

8& pf }pkfrp|a` .|!}!b\!b]!}Kfv+

` X`|x`s`frmckfb` e`fsmg`! pf `fr`xd `frx` < { f%=

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@xxdx`s (X`|x`s`frmckfb` r`~rd ckoxmbd op`xm b` xmfjd(

Sp|p`srd Am camv` |xkvmbm I `s vmakbm

=& Sk am x`|x`s`frmckf bà r`~rd ckoxmbd c fd `sr `frx` < { f%=! edsrxmx

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8&= S`m e 5 cb edb f

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8&8 S`m e= 5 cb\edb |

8&3 S`m e85 cb] edb }

8&2 S`m n 5 . e= % e8+ & }Kfv edb |

8&0 S`m e 5 e8) }& n

3& Edsrxmx e

Ke|aè`frmckf@a Sksrèm b` @fcxk|rmckf XSM |`xekr` j`f`xmx camv`s! `fcxk|rmx {

b`s`fcxk|rmx mxcnkvds b` r`~rd hmgd à majdxkred XSM }p` nèds |x`s`frmbd `f ams

s`cckdf`s mfr`xkdx`s& M}p edsrxmxèds am dxjmfkwmckf kfr`xfm hmgd am cpma s` nm

cdfsrxpkbd à sksrèm! ads majdxkreds m|akcmbds { drxms cdfskb`xmckdf`s }p` s` nmf

b`hkbd rdemx `f cp`frm |mxm à b`smxxdaad bà sksrèm& Epcnds cmsds sdf

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kapsrxmbds cdf `gè|ads { cdxxkbms b` `scxkrdxkd { |mxm pf e`gdx `fr`fbkek`frd

rmehkf s` mbgpfrmf bmrds |mxm |xp`hm&

@a sksrèm s` nm b`smxxdaambd `f Gmvm m|akcmfbd cdfc`|rds b`

|xdjxmemckf dxk`frmbm m dhg`rds& \dbèds xò`xkxfds hx`vè`fr` ma sksrèm

kfbkcmfbd }p` cp`frm cdf pfm v`frmfm b` `frxmbm b` |mxe`rxds }p` |`xekr` ma

pspmxkd mcckdfmx cmbm pfm b` ams opfckdf`s b` `fcxk|rmckf! b`cxk|rmckf {

j`f`xmckf b` camv`s b` emf`xm kfrpkrkvm& Am opfckdfmakbmb b` am kfr`xoms` b`

pspmxkd s` ep`srxm `f à Mf`~d M cdxx`s|dfbk`fr` ma Emfpma b` Pspmxkd&

X`}p`xkek`frds

\mxm am cdfsrxpcckf bà sksrèm s` nmf r`fkbd `f cp`frm ads skjpk`fr`s

x`}p`xkek`frds efkeds

\`xekrkx à emf`gd b` fe`xds `fr`xds b` |dx ad e`fds =8> bjkrds |mxm

kfcxè`frmx am s`jpxkbmb b` am camv`s b` `fcxk|rmckf&

Ke|aè`frmx cdfskb`xmckdf`s b` s`jpxkbmb efkems |mxm nmc`x pf sksrèm

x`sksr`fr` m mrm}p`s `f ad xò`x`fr` m cmxmcr`xsrkcms b` ads fe`xds |xkeds

{ drxds vmadx`s }p` kfr`xvk`f`f `f à cacpad b` ams camv`s&

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emrèrkcm cdf à okf b` }p` à psd b` am n`xxmek`frm cde|prmckdfma s`m

|rkem&

Kfr`xoms` jxokcm b` ocka psd }p` |`xekrm sà`cckdfmx ads mxcnkvds

bkx`crme`fr` bà xhda b` bkx`crdxkds&

@s b`s`mha` pf mb`cpmbd rkè|d b` x`s|p`srm mpf}p` ads majdxkreds sdf

a`frds b`hkbd m am jxmf cmfrkbmb b` cacpads kfvdapcxmbds

:?


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sà`cckf { vkspmakwmckf b` mxcnkvds ms cded am a`crpxm bà mxcnkvd b`

cdfokjpxmckf xsm&kfk&

Es mbàmfr` b`rmaamxèds à cdfr`fkbd b` cmbm cams`&

_kskf J`f`xma bà Sksrèm

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b`cxk|rmckf! `fcxk|rmx mxcnkvds b` r`~rd { b`cxk|rmx mxcnkvds |x`vkme`fr`

`fcxk|rmbds `f à sksrèm& Cmbm pfd b` `srds |xdc`sds rk`f` majdxkreds b`

fmrpxma`wm emrèrkcm }p` nmf skbd ke|aè`frmbds `f à sksrèm bpxmfr` am

cdfsrxpcckf bà eksed& M cdfrkfpmckf cde`frmxèds majpfds b` ams kb`ms es

ke|dxrmfr`s |amsembms `f à sksrèm&

Fe`xds Jxmfb`s

@a cdfc`|rd es ke|dxrmfr` |mxm am s`jpxkbmb b` `sr` sksrèm `s à b`

r`f`x am |dskhkakbmb b` emf`gmx fe`xds ep{ jxmfb`s b`hkbd m }p` à rmemd b`

ads ekseds skjfkokcmx am em{dx d e`fdx bkokcparmb |mxm à }pk`hx` b` am camv`& \mxm

`srd s` ke|aè`frm pfm `srxpcrpxm b`fdekfmbm @fr`xd }p` |`xekrkx maemc`fmx pf

fe`xd b` cpma}pk`x adfjkrpb ms cded ò`crpmx d|`xmckdf`s sdhx` àads& Am

hkhakdjxmom `fcdfrxmbm x`cdek`fbm prkakwmx fe`xds b` |dx ad e`fds = bjkrds b`ckema`s |mxm à cacpad b` ams camv`s }p` mbès nmf b` s`x

|xkeds&

Mskeksed! am f`c`skbmb b` ò`crpmx cacpads sdhx` ads fe`xds `fr`xds!

x`}pk`x` }p` am `srxpcrpxm fd sad |p`bm maemc`fmx ads fe`xds j`f`xmbds m ads

cpma`s fds xò`xkeds `f à |xxmod mfr`xkdx! skfd rmehkf ads fe`xds x`sparmfr`s

b` d|`xmckdf`s `frx` àads& B`hkbd m `srd am `srxpcrpxm b`h` r`f`x pfm cm|mckbmb

epcnd em{dx |mxm |db`x maemc`fmx ads fe`xds `f sp rdrmakbmb&

:>


80/161

Fe`xds \xkeds

Ads fe`xds |xkeds `srf ep{ akjmbds m rèms `fcxk|rmckf |p`s àads sdf

prkakwmbds fd sad `f majdxkreds b` `fcxk|rmckf XSM skfd `f epcnds drxds& Sdf am

hms` |mxm am j`f`xmckf b` camv`s b` `fcxk|rmckf { b`cxk|rmckf& B`h`f smrksomc`x

ck`xrds x`}pkskrds |mxm }p` am camv` s`m sakbm }p` `fpfckmxèds es mbàmfr`& @f

fp`srxd sksrèm `srds fe`xds sdf j`f`xmbds b` emf`xm ma`mrdxkm { cdf am

cmfrkbmb b` bjkrds `s|`ckokcmbm&

J`f`xmckf b` Camv`s

\mxm am j`f`xmckf b` camv`s s` prkakwm fe`xds |xkeds ma`mrdxkds

b`hkbme`fr` sà`cckdfmbds& Am camv` |xkvmbm { |hakcm s` j`f`xmf m am v`w { s`

x`}pk`x` }p` s`m ms |p`s |mxm pfm camv` |hakcm b`r`xekfmbm sad `~ksrkx pfm

camv` |xkvmbm cm|mw b` b`cxk|rmx ad }p` am |xke`xm `fcxk|r& Skf èhmxjd! à psd b`

camv`s |dbxm kfv`xrkxs` b`hkbd m }p` `f rdbds ads cmsds cpma}pk`xm b` àams

dhrk`f` ads vmadx`s dxkjkfma`s }p` am drxm dcpar m rxmvs b` am `fcxk|rmckf&

@a pspmxkd èksdx b` am camv` xèkrkx sp camv` |hakcm m rdbds m}pàads }p`

b`s``f kfr`xcmehkmx kfodxemckf cdf a { àads xèkrkxf am v`xskf `fcxk|rmbm bà

mxcnkvd b` r`~rd }p` b`s``f kfr`xcmehkmx& \dx ad j`f`xma am camv` |hakcm `s pf

vmadx |`}p`d ma cpma cdxx`s|dfb`x pf vmadx jxmfb` b` camv` |xkvmbm! |dx rmfrd am

`fcxk|rmckf s`x x|kbm |`xd am b`cxk|rmckf s`x a`frm&

@fcxk|rmckf b` Mxcnkvds

Am `fcxk|rmckf b` mxcnkvds |`xekrkx edbkokcmx à cdfr`fkbd bà mxcnkvd b`

`frxmbm b` odxem rma }p` sp cdfr`fkbd dxkjkfma fd |p`bm s`x x`cp|`xmbd& @~ksr`f

bkv`xsds majdxkreds cdf `sr` |xd|skrd |`xd à XSM s` cmxmcr`xkwm |dx s`x à es

:;


81/161

s`jpxd& \mxm am `fcxk|rmckf s` prkakwm am camv` |hakcm }p` |dx ad j`f`xma `s pf

vmadx s`fckaad }p` nmx }p` am `fcxk|rmckf s`m x|kbm

B`cxk|rmckf b` Mxcnkvds

Am b`cxk|rmckf b` pf mxcnkvd |`xekrkx x`cp|`xmx à vmadx dxkjkfma bà r`~rd!

s` prkakwmx |mxm `srd am camv` |xkvmbm! `s b`ckx! pf mxcnkvd `fcxk|rmbd

x`c`|ckdfmbd |dx à èksdx |dbx s`x b`cxk|rmbd sad |dx a m|akcmfbd am

cdxx`s|dfbk`fr` camv` |xkvmbm& @sr` |xdc`sd rdemx pf rkè|d kfv`xsme`fr`

|xd|dxckdfma ma rmemd b` am camv` |hakcm!

Mxkrerkcm Edbpamx

Drxd ms|`crd ke|dxrmfr` `s am m|akcmckf b` am mxkrerkcm edbpamx& B`h`

x`cdxbmxs` }p` am camv` |xkvmbm `s am kfv`xsm epark|akcmrkvm b` am camv` |hakcm& S`

m|akcmf bkv`xsds majdxkreds emrèrkcds `frx` ads }p` b`srmcmf à majdxkred

@~r`fbkbd b` @pcakb`s |p`s s` è|a`m rmfrd `f à cacpad b` am kfv`xsm

epark|akcmrkvm cded `f à bà E~ked Cdef Bkvksdx& Mehds x`sparmbds s` m|akcmf

rmfrd `f am `fcxk|rmckf cded `f am b`cxk|rmckf&

Kfr`xoms` b` Pspmxkd

@srm vkskf j`f`xma fd |dbxm `srmx cde|a`rm sk fd e`fckdfmeds à emf`gd

b` am kfr`xoms` b` pspmxkd { emf`gd b` mxcnkvds& S` |`xekr` am ocka sà`cckf b`

mxcnkvds m `fcxk|rmx { b`cxk|rmx msk cded b` mxcnkvds b` camv`s& @a emf`gd b` ams

`~r`fskdf`s |`xekr` kb`frkokcmx à rk|d b` cdfr`fkbd&

S` cp`frm rmehkf cdf à mxcnkvd b` cdfokjpxmckf xsm&kfk }p` cdfrk`f` ==

vmadx`s }p` |p`b`f s`x kfjx`smbds |dx à pspmxkd edbkokcmfbd à cde|dxrmek`frd

bà sksrèm& @frx` ads bko`x`fr`s vmadx`s s` rk`f` am cmfrkbmb b` bjkrds b` fe`xds

>


82/161

|xkeds! am cmfrkbmb b` bjkrds |dx càbm { ams `~r`fskdf`s |dx rk|d b` mxcnkvd! `frx`

drxds&

@f ams |x~kems s`cckdf`s b`scxkhkxèds cdf b`rmaa` ads majdxkreds

è|a`mbds { drxms bòkfkckdf`s x`}p`xkbms |mxm am ke|aè`frmckf b` `sr` rxmhmgd&

B`scxk|ckf bà Majdxkred XSM

X`s|`crd m am j`f`xmckf b` ams camv`s b` `fcxk|rmckf .`!f+ { b`cxk|rmckf

.b!f+! srms s` j`f`xmf m am v`w |p`s cded vkeds! |mxm pfm camv` |hakcm

b`r`xekfmbm sad `~ksr` pfm camv` |xkvmbm cm|mw b` b`cxk|rmx ad }p` am |xke`xm

`fcxk|r& @a |pfrd b` |mxrkbm b` ams camv`s `s am j`f`xmckf b` fe`xds |xkeds |{

}}p` b`h`f cpe|akx cdf ck`xrms cmxmcr`xsrkcms |mxm }p` am camv` s`m sakbm { }p`

e`fckdfmeds m cdfrkfpmckf

=& | { } sdf |xkeds j`f`xmbds ma`mrdxkme`fr`

8& Cmbm pfd b`h` r`f`x =8> bjkrds b`ckema`s cded efked

3& | { } b`h`f s`x |xkeds xàmrkvds

2& w5 .|%=+'.}%=+ b`h` s`x |xked cdf am camv` |hakcm `

@a sksrèm cdfrk`f` pf erdbd |mxm am cx`mckf b` fe`xds |xkeds

ma`mrdxkds b` fRdrmaBkj\xked bjkrds& Cmbm fe`xd `s j`f`xmbd bjkrd m

bjkrd prkakwmfbd opfckdf`s xmfbde b` gmvm { |mxm à cpma! pfm v`w

cdfodxembm am rdrmakbmb b` bjkrds x`}p`xkbds! s` v`xkokcm am |xkemakbmb bà

eksed m|akcmfbd à majdxkred b` Ekaa`x%Xmhkf |mxm `sr` okf&=:

@f hms` m ads fe`xds | { } dhr`fkbds s` cdfsrxp{` ads vmadx`s f5 |'}{ w

5 .|%=+'.}%=+& Am camv` |hakcm ` mspe` à vmadx kfbkcmbd `f mxcnkvd b`

=: Ad kfbkcmbd m}p m|akcm ma majdxkred j`f`xma! skf èhmxjd `f am d|ckf b` Bèd

bà sksrèm! à pspmxkd kfjx`smx ads fe`xds |xkeds { à sksrèm ads mspekx|xkeds |`xd v`xkokcmx }p` s`mf cd|xkeds

>=


83/161

cdfokjpxmckf mpf}p` s` x`cdek`fbm }p` rde` à vmadx 3&=> Am camv` |xkvmbm bs`

cmacpam cded am kfv`xsm b` ``f ebpad f&

Rmfrd am d|`xmckf mxkrerkcm b` epark|akcmckf cded am b` x`srm! spem {

bkvkskf! `frx` drxms! nmf skbd ke|aè`frmbms cdf am prkakwmckf b` am

`srxpcrpxm |mxm maemc`fmek`frd b` fe`xds jxmfb`s& Mskeksed! s`

b`smxxdaad pf erdbd |mxm am mskjfmckf b` vmadx`s m bkcnm `srxpcrpxm&

Pfm v`w j`f`xmbms ams camv`s! `srms sdf maemc`fmbms `f s`fbds mxcnkvds

{ `f odxem b` |mx`s |mxm sp |dsr`xkdx prkakwmckf `f `fcxk|rmckf { b`cxk|rmckf& @a

mxcnkvd b` camv` |hakcm cdfr`fbx à |mx .`!f+ { s` prkakwmx |mxm am `fcxk|rmckf

ek`frxms }p` à b` camv` |xkvmbm maemc`fmx à |mx .b!f+ }p` s`x prkakwmbd |mxm

b`cxk|rmckf& @a psd b` camv`s |dbxm kfv`xrkxs` b`hkbd m }p` `f rdbds ads cmsds

cpma}pk`xm b` àams dhrk`f` ads vmadx`s dxkjkfma`s }p` am drxm dcpar m rxmvs b` am

`fcxk|rmckf&

Cded nèds vksrd am camv` |hakcm `s pf vmadx s`fckaad }p` |`xekrkx }p` am

`fcxk|rmckf s`m x|kbm& Mfr` pf vmadx |`}p`d b` camv` |hakcm! à vmadx b` am

camv` |xkvmbm s`x jxmfb`& Sk`fbd b am kfv`xsm edbpad f b` `! am epark|akcmckf

edbpamx b` b { ` s`x = edbpad f&

\mxm `fcxk|rmx! à mxcnkvd b` r`~rd `s cdfv`xrkbd m fe`xds prkakwmfbd am

cdbkokcmckf MSCKK! `s b`ckx! cmbm cmxmcr`x `s cdfv`xrkbd m pf fe`xd b` 3 bjkrds&

M cdfrkfpmckf! am s`cp`fckm b` bjkrds j`f`xmbm `s a`bm `f had}p`s

cdfodxemfbd pf fe`xd e es jxmfb`& Am cmfrkbmb b` bjkrds a`bds |dx had}p`

b`|`fb` bà vmadx b` f {m }p` cded e~ked s` rdemx rmfrds bjkrds cded ckoxms

=> @f am j`f`xmckf b` camv`s bèds `vmxkmx nmsrm `fcdfrxmx pf vmadx rma }p` s`m|xked cdf w&

>8


84/161

r`fjm f%= b` emf`xm rma }p` fkfjf vmadx fpexkcd bà had}p` cdfodxembd s`m

em{dx m f%=&

Cmbm had}p` s`x `fvkmbd m am |xkekrkvm b` `fcxk|rmckf am cpma `g`cprmx am

skjpk`fr` d|`xmckf edbpamx

c 5 e` edbpad f

bdfb` c `s am x`|x`s`frmckf bà e`fsmg` ckoxmbd { e à e`fsmg` dxkjkfma& Cmbm

vmadx b` c dhr`fkbd `s jxmhmbd `f à mxcnkvd `fcxk|rmbd&

\mxm b`cxk|rmx! cmbm fe`xd maemc`fmbd `f à mxcnkvd `fcxk|rmbd `s a`bd {

`fvkmbd m am |xkekrkvm b` b`s`fcxk|rmckf }p` `g`cprmx am skjpk`fr` d|`xmckf

edbpamx

e 5 cb edbpad f

bdfb` e `s à had}p` b` bjkrds cdxx`s|dfbk`fr` ma e`fsmg` ckoxmbd& @s b`ckx! }p`

pfm v`w cdfcapkbm am b`cxk|rmckf b` rdbds ads fe`xds bà mxcnkvd b`

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am x`|x`s`frmckf MSCKK bà r`~rd dxkjkfma& M cdfrkfpmckf pf erdbd mbkckdfma

cdfv`xrkx am s`cp`fckm b` bjkrds `f cmxmcr`x`s rdembds cdfv`fk`frè`fr` b` 3

`f 3&

@srxpcrpxm b` bmrds

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b` es b` =< =8 bjkrds& Bmbd }p` à ~krd b` pf sksrèm b` `fcxk|rmckf

b`|`fb` `f jxmf e`bkbm b` am cmfrkbmb b` bjkrds è|a`mbds `f am j`f`xmckf b`

camv`s! s` nmc` f`c`smxkd bòkfkx pfm `srxpcrpxm }p` |`xekrm maemc`fmx

cde|a`rme`fr` pf fe`xd `fr`xd jxmfb` }p`! b` emf`xm cdfokmha`! ms`jpx` }p`

fd nmhx |xbkbm b` |x`ckskf&

>3


85/161

@srd `s ep{ ke|dxrmfr` |p`s b` fd cdfskb`xmxs` s` cdxx` à xk`sjd b` }p`

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rmfrd am `fcxk|rmckf { b`cxk|rmckf hmsmbds `f cacpads emrèrkcds |xdbpwcmf

x`sparmbds kfcdxx`crds! ke|kbk`fbd }p` s` aa`v` m hp`f rxekfd majpfm b` ams

opfckdfmakbmb`s bà sksrèm&

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jxmfb` s`x maemc`fmbd oxmcckdfmbd `f fe`xds es |`}p`ds }p` fd `~c`bmf

am cm|mckbmb b` maemc`fmek`frd b` ams càbms bà mxx`jad& Rmfrd am cmfrkbmb b`

àè`frds bà mxx`jad cded à vmadx e~ked |`xekrkbd |dx càbm `s cdfokjpxmbd `f

à mxcnkvd XSM&kfk& @sr` mxcnkvd nm b` `srmx phkcmbd gpfrd cdf ads bès mxcnkvds

bà sksrèm& Bpxmfr` am kfkckmakwmckf bà sksrèm `sr` mxcnkvd `s a`bd { ads vmadx`s

maemc`fmbds `f ads cdxx`s|dfbk`fr`s mrxkhprds b` am camv`&

\mxm à maemc`fmek`frd b` pf fe`xd `f `srm `srxpcrpxm s` cdfskb`xm }p`

cmbm càbm }p` cde|df` à mxx`jad r`fbx pf vmadx fpexkcd e~ked { }p` fkfjf

vmadx maemc`fmbd |dbx! hmgd fkfjpfm cdfskb`xmckf! sp|`xmx `sr` vmadx e~ked&

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fe`xd! cdfs`xvmf à vmadx < cded |mxr` bà emf`gd `srfbmx b` gmvm&

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|dskckf dcp|mbm bà fe`xd&

S` kapsrxm m cdfrkfpmckf à emf`gd hmgd à odxemrd h%Xmbk~ b`ckema

_madx @fr`xd m 5 m=m8m3&&& mf%8mf%=mf! rma }p` f6 2


86/161

Maemc`fmek`frd b` @fr`xd

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} =8>

f5|'} 80?

w5.|%=+'.}%=+ 80?

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87/161

` =

b 80?

\dr`fckmEdbpamx 0=8 .cded efked+

@s ke|dxrmfr` `srkemx `srds vmadx`s |mxm d|rkekwmx am |`xodxemfc` bà

sksrèm& Sk s` bòkf` am `srxpcrpxm cdf càbms `f `~c`sd dcp|mx eèdxkm

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prkakwmf e`fds càbms }p` ams x`}p`xkbms! à |xdc`sd mhdxrmx d |xdbpckx

x`sparmbds kfcdxx`crds |dx |xdhaèms b` |x`ckskf&

\dx `srm xmwf à rdrma b` càbms bà mxx`jad s` bòkf` `f opfckf b` am

cmfrkbmb b` bjkrds b` ads fe`xds |xkeds m emf`gmx! nmhkfbds` à`jkbd b`s|ps

b` epcnms |xp`hms! à omcrdx 2&0& \dx `gè|ad! sk | rk`f` =8> bjkrds! à mxx`jad

r`fbx 0:? càbms&

@srfbmx b` cdbkokcmckf

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Spf Ekcxds{srès! Kfc& .nrr|7$$gmvm&spf&cde$bdcs$cdb`cdfv$+ cded `srfbmx b`

cdbkokcmckf& @sr` nm skbd m|akcmbd `f am cdfsrxpcckf bà rdbd à sksrèm `f ads

ms|`crds cdfc`xfk`fr`s m bdcpe`frmckf! fde`fcamrpxm { cdbkokcmckf& @frx` sps

|xkfck|ma`s cmxmcr`xsrkcms |dbèds kfbkcmx7

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>?
http://java.sun.com/docs/codeconv/http://java.sun.com/docs/codeconv/


88/161

Rdbms ams vmxkmha`s kfcap{`fbd ads |mxe`rxds cp`frmf cdf pf |xòkgd b` pfm

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cded |xòkgd |mxm kb`frkokcmxads cded |mxe`rxds b` erdbds&

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rxmrm b` pf cdfgpfrd b` vmadx`s { pfd ske|a`&

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89/161

B`scxk|ckf bà Cams`s bà Sksrèm

Cams` @FR@XD

\mcimj`s prkakwmbds

gmvm&kdgmvm&r`~r

Mrxkhprds b` Cams`

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fEm~@aè

srmrkc okfma kfr fEm~@aè

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.kfr+ Emrn&c`ka..bdpha`+ XSM&fRdrmaBkj\xked$fBkjkrds'20&$=>>


90/161

Mrxkhprds b` Kfsrmfckm

fPar@aè

kfr fPar@aè

Kfbkc` bà arked àè`frd prkakwmbd& Rdem < cded vmadx kfkckma

fMxx_madx

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|c_madx Cmb`fm cdf à vmadx m mskjfmx m am `srxpcrpxm b` rk|d @fr`xd!|p`b` cdfr`f`x `s|mckds `f hamfcd&

X`rdxfd

Fkfjpfd

Majdxkred

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91/161

Erdbds

nmaamxMcmxx`d

bdpha` nmaamxMcmxx`d.bdpha` |f_madx+

B`vpàv` am |dxckf fpexkcm bà vmadx x`ckhkbd cded |mxe`rxd }p``~c`b` à vmadx e~ked b` pfm càbm& S` prkakwm `f ams d|`xmckdf`smxkrerkcms&

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X`rdxfd

X`rdxfm à vmadx `f `~c`sd

MajdxkredX`rdxfmx à x`sparmbd b` rxpfcmx .|f_madx $ =


92/161

MajdxkredKfkckmakwmx Cmb`fm `f fpadX`|`rkx b`sb` arked nmsrm |xke`x àè`frd b` `srxpcrpxm @fr`xd

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Cmb`fm )5 àè`frd odxemr`mbd cdf e~kedfe`xd b` bjkrds |dx càbm

mskjfmx_madx

vdkb mskjfmx_madx.Srxkfj |c_madx+\`xekr` mskjfmx vmadx ma fe`xd @fr`xd

\mxe`rxds|c_madx Cmb`fm cdfr`fk`fbd pf vmadx fpexkcd }p` s`x mskjfmbd ma

dhg`rd

X`rdxfdFkfjpfd

MajdxkredKfkckmakwmx `srxpcrpxm b` dhg`rd @fr`xd `f Cmfrkbmb b` bjkrds b` fe`xds |xkeds

@ 3 _madx |dx bò`crd b` cde|df`fr` ` b` camv`|phakcm

R =: Cmfrkbmb b` @fcxk|rmckf b` majdxkred bÈkaa`x Xmhkf

@~r`fskdfR`~rd r~r @~r`fskf b` mxcnkvds b` r`~rd |dx bò`crd

@~r`fskdf@fcxk| xsm` @~r`fskf b` mxcnkvds `fcxk|rmbds |dx

bò`crd

@~r`fskdfB`cxk| xsmb @~r`fskf b` mxcnkvds b`cxk|rmbds |dxbò`crd m s`x a`bd b` xsm&kfk

@~r`fskdfCamv`@fcxk| ij` @~r`fskf b` mxcnkvds b` camv` |phakcm |dxbò`crd

@~r`fskdfCamv`B`cxk| ijb @~r`fskf b` mxcnkvds b` camv` |xkvmbm |dxbò`crd

Fdehx`@fcxk|Re| zxioxsm`&re| Fdehx` b` mxcnkvd fpexkcd rè|dxma b`@fcxk|rmckf

Fdehx`B`cxk|Re| zxioxsmb&re| Fdehx` b` mxcnkvd fpexkcd rè|dxma b`b`cxk|rmckf

@f `srm rmham s` kfbkcmf ads vmadx`s |dx bò`crd |`xd |p`b`f s`x edbkokcmbds |dxà pspmxkd cdf à psd b` cpma}pk`x `bkrdx b` r`~rd cded à hadc b` fdrms&

=32


136/161

@srfbmx b` cdbkokcmckf GM_M

=30


137/161

CDFR@FKBD

KfrxdbpcckfDxjmfkwmckf b` mxcnkvds GM_MKb`frmckfCde`frmxkdsB`camxmckdf`sS`fr`fckms

Af`ms { @s|mckds `f HamfcdCdfv`fckdf`s b` Fdehxmbd\xmcrkcms Eksc`af`ms

=3?


138/161

Kfrxdbpcckf

@sr` bdcpe`frd `s pfm mbm|rmckf bà @srfbmx b` Cdbkokcmckf bà A`fjpmg`Gmvm |x`s`frmbds `f am @s|`ckokcmckf bà A`fjpmg` Gmvm b` Spf Ekcxds{srès!Kfc& nrr|7$$gmvm&spf&cde$bdcs$cdb`cdfv$

@s f`c`smxkd cdfrmx cded x`}pkskrd |mxm a `fr`fbkek`frd b` am |x`s`fr` jpm b`cdfc`|rds b` |xdjxmemckf dxk`frmbm m dhg`rds .DD\+

=3:


139/161

Dxjmfkwmckf b` mxcnkvds GM_M

Ads mxcnkvds gmvm b`h`f r`f`x ams skjpk`fr`s |mxr`s7

d Cde`frmxkd b` Cams`

Rdbds ads mxcnkvds b`h`f è|`wmx cdf pfm cmh`c`xm b` cde`frmxkd }p` s`b`scxkh` m cdfrkfpmckf7

$'' Fdehx` b` Cams` { O`cnm'

' \xd|skrd' B`smxxdaambd |dx''$

d \m}p`r` { S`cckf b` Ke|dxrmckf

@a fdehx` bà |m}p`r` b`h` `srmx skè|x` `scxkrd `f ekfscpam&@gè|ad7

|mcimj` gmvm&mzr9 $$ |m}p`r`ke|dxr gmvm&mzr&|``x&Cmfvms\``x9 $$ s`cckf b` Ke|dxrmckf

d Cams`

B`scxk|ckf b` ams |mxr`s b` pfm cams`

Cde`frmxkds b` am cams` .$''&&&'$+S`cckf cams`

_mxkmha`s `srrkcms Dxb`f b` b`camxmckf7

=& \dx ehkrd7\xke`xd ams vmxkmha`s b` cams`|hakcms! ap`jd ams |xdr`jkbms { |dxparked ams |xkvmbms

8& \dx Rk|d b` bmrd7Mjxp|mx ams vmxkmha`s |dx rk|d b` bmrd

_mxkmha`s b` Kfsrmfckm Dxb`f b` b`camxmckf7

m& \dx ehkrd7

=3>


140/161

\xke`xd ams vmxkmha`s b` cams`|hakcms! ap`jd ams |xdr`jkbms { |dxparked ams |xkvmbms

h& \dx Rk|d b` bmrd7Mjxp|mx ams vmxkmha`s |dx rk|d b` bmrdCdfsrxpcrdx`sErdbds Ads erdbds b`h`f s`x mjxp|mbds |dx

opfckdfmakbmb `f v`w }p` |dx macmfc` {mcc`skhkakbmb&

@gè|ad7Pf erdbd |xkvmbd |p`b` `srmx `frx` bdserdbds |hakcds& @a dhg`rkvd `s nmc`x

es ocka { cde|x`fskha` à cbkjd&

Kb`frmckf

S` b`h` psmx pf rmh cded pfkbmb b` kb`frmckf&d Adfjkrpb b` Af`m

@vkrmx af`ms em{dx`s b` >< cmxmcr`x`s&

d Xp|rpxm b` Af`ms

Xp|rpxm `f b`camxmckf b` cams`s { erdbds

S` kb`frm m > `s|mckds! xde|`x b`s|ps b` pfm cdem d mfr`s b` pf d|`xmbdx&@gè|ad

sdeÈ`rndb.adfj@~|x`sskdf=! adfj@~|x`sskdf8! adfj@~|x`sskdf3!adfj@~|x`sskdf2! adfj@~|x`sskdf0+9

vmx 5 sdeÈ`rndb=.adfj@~|x`sskdf=!

sdeÈ`rndb8.adfj@~|x`sskdf8!adfj@~|x`sskdf3++9

adfjFme`= 5 adfjFme`8 ' .adfjFme`3 ) adfjFme`2 % adfjFme`0+) 2 ' adfjfme`?9 $$ \x`

Magister Encriptacion RDA

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