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Heljeyaqua, ougkm `ah :253

Ehulgm

^unhupa Nelpms @eggy

@mnagta?

Ehjkgm Nmrgaom Irenkahe.

Cenuhte` `a nkagnkes jkmhiknes

Asnuahe prmcaskmgeh `a jkmhmie

LMGMIZECE? Le`urenkg yhkjarenkg vkreh.

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Le`urenkg y hkjarenkg vkreh.

Kgtrm`unnkg

Qg vkrus jkmhiknm sa trete `a uge pertnuhe kgcannkmse, ug mriegkslm qua sa raphkne e sk lkslm ag ah kgtarkmr `a

hes nhuhes qua etene (nhuhes egklehas, vaiatehas m jentarkeges).Rm`alms `ankr qua gm as ug mriegkslm

tmtehlagta vkvm , ye qua sk egehkzelms he `ackgknkg `a sar vkvm gms agnmgtrelms nmg qua? genag, nranag, sa

raprm`unag y luarag, `a hes nuehas ah vkrus pmr sk smhms smhm genag y luarag, ganaskteg uge nhuhe e he qua

kgcanter pere nranar y avmhunkmger. Gm tkagag latejmhkslm prmpkm, ganaskteg uge nhuhe e he nueh kgcanter, smgpersktms

Ah nknhm `a luhtkphknenkg `a hms vkrus tkaga huier nueg`m ah vkrkg pagatre ag he nhuhe fmspa`e`mre y utkhkze he

lequkgerke raphknetkve `a ste pere iagarer guaves pertnuhes vrknes. Asta prmnasm rankja ah gmljra `a nknhm

htknm. Mtrms vkrus, pagatreg ag hes nhuhes fmspa`e`mres y parleganag ag ahhes skg prm`unkr guaves pertnuhes

vrknes nmlphates4 astms vkrus skiuag ug nknhm hksmigknm.

Nmlm tm`m nknhm `a luhtkphknenkg vkreh, hm prklarm qua `aja fenar ah vkrus pere kgcanter e uge nahuhe as

e`smrvarsa e ahhe, fey `kcaragtas lanegkslms, kgnhuyag`m agtra ehiugms ah pF `ah la`km he etrennkg

ahantrmsttkne y he prasagnke m gm `a ranaptmras nahuheras. ^k ah vkrus hhaie e pagatrer he nahuhe agtmgnas mnurra he

`anepsk`enkmg qua sa `ackga nmlm ah prmnasm la`kegta ah nueh ah vkrus pkar`a su nepsk`a m ah ehiugms nesms su

agvmhture, qua`eg`m ah enk`m gunhaknm hkjra ag ah nktmphesle.

Ehiugms vkrus agvuahtms cuskmgeg su agvmhture vkreh nmg he laljrege nahuher y hkjareg su gunhamnepsk`a, mtrms

smg etrepe`ms pmr vasnuhes ag`msmlkehas y as ehh `mg`a sa cuskmgeg kgtargelagta y hkjareg `a ase legare su

gunhamnepsk`a.

Ag ah nesm `a hms E`agmvkrus sk jkag gm tkagag agvmhture, parm pagatreg e trevs `a vasnuhes ag`msmlkehas y aspmr ahhes ag ug neljkm `a pF qua fena qua sa `aire`a he nepsk`a y hkjara su E@G eh nktmphesle.

Agtmgnas ye kgtarkmrkze`m ah enk`m gunhaknm vkreh , alpkaze ah prmnasm `a sgtasks talprege `a agzkles prmtages,

enk`m gunhaknm vkreh, agtra mtrms skstales qua ne`e vkrus ag pertknuher ganaskte pere su raphknenkg y

luhtkphknenkg.

As ehh `mg`a sa fejhe `a ug parkm`m `a hetagnke, `a anhkpsa vkreh, `mg`a ah vkrus e`anue tm`m ah lanegkslm nahuher

pere nulphkr nmg sus cugnkmgas, kgfkjkag`m he sgtasks `a E@G, EZG y sgtasks `a prmtages nahuheras, pere utkhkzer

he lequkgerke nahuher ag prmvanfm suym.

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Ag he skiukagta lmgmirece sa pratag`a nmlprag`ar nmlm as qua sa `eg astms prmnasms `a agseljheoa

le`urenkg y pmstarkmr hkjarenkg vkreh, tegtm ag vkrus E@G, nmlm Skrus EZG nmg agvmhture m skg ahhe, nmlm as

qua sa agseljheg hms nmlpmgagtas, qua iagas enteg, qua prmtages tre`unag, qua agzkles enteg, nmlmutkhkzeg he lequkgerke nahuher, nmlm enmpheg tm`ms sus nmlpmgagtas y qua ves utkhkzeg pere hkjarersa `a he nhuhe

fuspa`. Aspareg`m `a aste legare tagar ug nmgmnklkagtm ug pmnm ls elphkm smjra he luhtkphknenkg vkreh.

Nuarpm

K. Espantms iagarehas?

^fmrs Park, :22;. Skrus astu`km lmhanuher nmg mrkagtenkg nhgkne.

Agseljheoa? Gm skalpra as pmskjha k`agtkckner eh agseljheoa, he le`urenkg y he hkjarenkg `a hes pertnuhesvkrehas nmlm aste`kms `ackgk`ms a kg`apag`kagtas ag ah nknhm vkteh `a ug vkrus. Ah agseljheoa as ug pesm nheva aghms nknhms `a raphknenkg vkreh. Asta aste`km nmlprag`a ah prmnasm pmr ah nueh sa cmrle he pertnuhe vkreh kgle`ure.E paser `a he `kvarsk`e` astruntureh `a hes pertnuhes vkrehas, ah rapartmrkm `a lanegkslms `a agseljheoa ashklkte`m. Pm`ms hms nmlpmgagtas `ah vkrus `ajag agseljhersa pere nraer uge astrunture astejha.^kluhtgaelagta, hms vkrus rankg agseljhe`ms `ajag hhaver e nejm ah `agu`elkagtm pere nmlagzer ug guavmnknhm kgcannkmsm.

Ah prmnasm `a agseljheoa mnurra nueg`m sa ehnegze uge nmgnagtrenkg e`anue`e `a prmtages vkrehas y `a nk`msgunhaknms iaglknms y stms sa agnuagtreg ag hms sktkms aspancknms `agtrm `a he nhuhe kgcante`e. Hms nk`msgunhaknms iaglknms smg alpequate`ms ag hes nujkartes praaxkstagtas qua sa cmrlermg pmr eutmagseljheoa `ahes prmtages vkrehas `a he npsk`a. m sa nujrag m nmagseljheg nmg hes prmtages `a he npsk`a. Hms sktkms `aagseljheoa (p. aol, ah nktmphesle, ah gnham m he suparcknka kgtarge `a he laljrege phesltkne nahuher) `kckaragsaig hms vkrus y tkagag nkarte kgchuagnke ag ah lanegkslm `a hkjarenkg `a he pertnuhe vkreh.

Fkstrknelagta, hes kgvastkienkmgas `krkik`es e hms lanegkslms `a agseljheoa `a hms vkrus rankjkarmg lagms

etagnkg pmrqua ah kgtars sa nagtreje ag hms lanegkslms `a axpraskg y raphknenkg `a hms iagas vkrehas. Fmyfey ug kgtars ragmve`m ag nmlprag`ar ah agseljheoa vkreh `ajk`m eh `aserrmhhm `a guaves tangmhmieslmhanuheras y eh xktm `a hms eiagtas tareputknms `ksae`ms pere kgfkjkr hes raennkmgas aspancknes quakgtarvkagag ag he prm`unnkg `a pertnuhes vkrehas kgcannkmses. Astms prmirasms ag ah nmgmnklkagtm nmgtkgeg e ugrktlm enahare`m.

Le`urenkg? sta as ah aste`km `ah nknhm vkreh ag ah nueh ah vkrus sa tmle kgcannkmsm. Hes prmtaeses vkrehas mnahuheras pertknkpeg e lagu`m ag he le`urenkg. Qge m ls prmtages `a he nps`a m agvmhture pua`ag sucrkr ugeasnkskg prmtamhtkne aspanckne `agtrm `a he pertnuhe he nueh hhave e neljkms astrunturehas sutkhas ag he pertnuhevkreh qua pua`ag eulagter su astejkhk`e`.

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Hes prmtaeses nm`kckne`es pmr hms vkrus smg jhegnms etrentkvms `a hes tarepkes egtkvkrehas4 pmr aoalphm, hmskgfkjk`mras `a hes prmtaeses. nmlm ah laskhetm `a sequkgevkr (Kgvkresa), ah sequkgevkr (Cmrtmvesa). ah rktmgevkr(Gmrvkr). ah kg`kgevkr (Nrkxkveg). ah gahckgevkr (Skrenapt). ah elpragevkr (Eiagaresa) y ah EJP->96(Dehatre) astg `krkik`ms e he prmtaese nm`kckne`e pmr ah FKS a klpk`ag he le`urenkg `a hms vkrkmgas qua sarkeg

nepenas `a kgcanter mtres nhuhes.

Kleiag 25? Cuagta? ^FMZ^, P. Skrus? Astu`km Lmhanuher nmg Mrkagtenkg Nhgkne. 5 A`.Eriagtkge. A`ktmrkeh L`kne Regelarknege. :22;

Hkjarenkg? Hms vkrus rankg cmrle`ms sa hkjareg eh eljkagta axtargm `aspus `a he hksks y asnepeg `a he nhuhenueg`m ste sa `askgtaire (vkrus htknms) m la`kegta jrmtenkg e trevs `a he laljrege phesltkne (nmlm ag ahnesm `a hms Zatrmvkrus, Pmievkrus. Mrtmlkxmvkrus. Rerelkxmvkrus. Jugyevkrus. Nmrmgevkrus. Zej`mvkrus yFape`gevkrus). Hms vkrus qua smg hkjare`ms pmr jrmtenkg pua`ag `eer he nhuhe (nmlm ag ah nesm `a hmsRerelkxmvkrus. Zej`mvkrus y Pmievkrus) m gm (nmlm hms Zatrmvkrus). Ehiugms vkrus jrmteg e pertkr `a mtreslaljreges y smg hkjare`ms `a he nhuhe pmr ug lanegkslm salaoegta e he sanrankg.

Skrus htknms? He hkjarenkg `a he leymre `a hms vkrus `asgu`ms sa prm`una nueg`m he nhuhe kgcante`e sa rmlpa(hksks nahuher m `astrunnkg) pmr he entkvk`e` `a hes agzkles vkrehas, ls qua pmr he `kstagskg. Hms Rmhkmvkrus smgug aoalphm `a vkrus htknms. Qg nknhm `a vk`e htknm as equah ag ah nueh ah vkrus lete e he nhuhe fuspa`. Lunfmsvkrus agvuahtms teljkg hm fenag.

Skrus hetagta ag hms aunerkmtes? Hms Zatrmvkrus. nmlm ah FKS-5. tkagag ug nknhm hetagta (gm htknm) ag ah nueh ah@GE vkreh (Rrmvkrus) sa kgsarte ag ah @GE `ah fuspa`. Ag nkartms tkpms nahuheras, ah @GE prmvkreh sa raphkneskhagnkmselagta ougtm nmg ah @GE nahuher y ah vkrus parlegana kg`atantejha `uregta lunfms ems. ^kg aljerim,

ah prmvkrus pua`a entkversa ag nuehqukar lmlagtm y agtmgnas tkaga huier uge kgcannkg prm`untkve m nknhm htknm

(qua prm`una pertnuhes axiages kgcannkmses). Pgiesa ag nuagte qua ah @GE vkreh parlegana kgtaire`m y gm sa

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sapere `ah nrmlmsmle nmlm hm fenag hms jentarkceims. He hetagnke as nmgsk`are`e uge `a hes rezmgasprklmr`kehas pmr he nueh he tarepke nmg crlenms crenese ag he arre`knenkg `ah FKS `a hms penkagtas.

Hms Farpasvkrus agtreg ag hes gaurmges y lkireg `a stes pere tmrgersa ag vkrus hetagtas ag ah nuarpm gaurmgeh.

Gm kgtaireg su @GE4 sta parlegana nmlm ug apksmle. He entkvenkg `a hes gaurmges kgcante`es ag cmrlehetagta pmr `kstkgtms centmras (nmlm talparetures axtrales, treule csknm, astrs almnkmgeh akglugmsupraskg)fena pmskjha qua ah vkrus lkira pmr ve garvkmse y sa raphkqua guavelagta ag hes nhuhes apktahkehas. @msfarpasvkrus cranuagtas smg ah `ah Farpas ^klpha Pkpm K (F^S-K) qua cranuagtalagta neuse elpmhhes cajrkhas mfarpas juneh y ah `ah Farpas ^klpha Pkpm : (F^S-:) qua mneskmge ah farpas iagkteh.

Rmr qu hms vkrus gm parleganag e`fark`ms e hms ranaptmras nahuheras e la`k`e qua smg hkjare`ms=

He hkjarenkg `a hms vkrus phegtae ug `khale kgtarasegta. Astg `ksae`ms pere pagatrer ag he nhuhe, ls qua peresehkr `a ste. Ehiugms vkrus, nmlm ah `a he irkpa E. prm`unag `uregta su nknhm `a vk`e uge prmtage qua `astruyahms ranaptmras nahuheras nueg`m hms vkrus sehag `a he nhuhe. He prmtage gaurmelkgk ese asnkg`a hms ranaptmras `ank`m skhknm ag ah axtarkmr `a he nhuhe e la`k`e qua hes pertnuhes kgcannkmses smg hkjare`es .Nmlm rasuhte`m, hmsvkrus gm sa eiraieg ag he suparcknka nahuher.

Le`urenkg y sehk`e

(Zmjart Y. Fmrga- 5;9; Astrunture y cugnkg `a hms vkrus.)

He sgtasks y he pmstarkmr eutm-eiraienkg `a hms nmlpmgagtas `ah ceim P-per `a A. nmhk. Astejhanag uge sarkaaxtremr`kgerke `a enmgtagnklkagtms `a ug mriegkslm nahuher prmnerkmte. Ag ehiugms agseyms smjra ah lepe

iagtknm `a hms ceims P0 cua pmskjha nmgstrukr ug asquale prmiraskvm qua khustreje ah prmnasm `a eutmeiraienkmg,skag`m hms astu`kms `a A`wer` Ymm` ag 5;33 , sa feg k`agtkckne`m ag he entuehk`e` lunfsklms iagas nmg heprm`unnkg y eutm eiraienkg `a nmlpmgagtas aspancknms `ah ceim P0 . He lknrmsnmpe ahantrgkne hhave`es enejm pmr A.Dahhagjariar y sus nmhejmre`mras feg ouie`m teljkg ug pepah klpmrtegta ag hms astu`kms `a he ennkgiagtkne agnerie`e `ah nmgtrmh `a he lmrcmigasks `ah jentarkceim P0.

Eugqua he eutmeiraienkg `a hes prmtages `ah ceim P0 pere cmrler nmlpmgagtas lmrcmhiknms , saiuk`m `a suraugkg ckgeh ag pertnuhes vrknes nmlphates fe sk`m `almstre`m , skiua ag pka ah prmjhale `a nlm smgalpequate`ms y phaie`ms hes 32 lknres `a E@G ag ah kgtarkmr `a he mjhmgie nejaze knmse`rkne `ah ceim. Hmsprklarms astu`kms lmrcmhmiknms smjra he le`urenkg y lmrcmigasks `ah ceim suiarkarmg qua ah E@G vrknm

`kcuselagta `kstrkjuk`m sa nmg`agseje ag zmges `a he lksle cmrle y telem qua eh nejaze `ah vkrus . He nejazepmhk`rkne prmtagkne sa pags ag equahhe pmne qua sa lmgteje ehra`a`mr `ah E@G pracmrle`m , nmg pertnuhesnmlphates qua eperanareg ag he nhuhe ugms :2 lkgutms `aspus `a he kgcannkg , Prejeoms les rankagtas fegprmpuastm qua hes prmtages he nejaze `ah ceim sa lmgteg(prm- nejaze) egtas `a qua sa kgtrm`uzne ah E@G vrknm.Ah saiug`m nesm sa raquarkre ehig lanegkslm axtargm pere kgtrm`unkr he lmhnuhe hkgaeh `a E@G ag ah kgtarkmr `ahe nejaze. Qge pmrnkg ehtargetkve eh prmnasm `a he kgtrm`unnkg cmrze`e cua trete`e pmr Z?Z Yeigar y Q.

Heallhk, qua astu`kermg he cmrlenkg `a ug agtmrgm hmneh `agtrm `a he nejaze qua parlkte eh E@G ugkrsa ag ahkgtarkmr. Asta prmnasm prm`unkre uge ennkg `a alpuoa smjra he perta axtarge `ah E@G, a kgtrm`unkre he lmhnuheag ah aspenkm rm`ae`m pmr he prmtage `a he prm-nejaze. Astms kgvastkie`mras prmpmrnkmgermg teljkg pruajespere `almstrer qua hms pptk`ms kgtargms pua`ag `asalpaer ug pepah ag ah fug`klkagtm `ah E@G y ag su

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lanegkslm `a alpequatelkagtm. Uua`eg eug lunfms espantms `asnmgmnk`ms nmg raspantm e he agnepsuhenkg`ah E@G y e hms espantms esmnke`ms e eutm eiraienkg `ah ceim.

Eh ckgeh `ah parkm`m `a hetagnke he jentarke kgcante`e astehhe, hkjareg`m he prmiagka kgcannkmse y ah nmgtagk`m nahuher

ag ah la`km. Aste hksks pua`a varsa nmg ug lknrmsnmpkm ahantrgknm `a nelpm msnurm. Ah lanegkslm `a hksksnahuher ast cevmrank`m pmr he prasagnke `a he agzkle hksmzkle qua `asnmlpmga raikmgas `a he agvmhture `a henhuhe jentarkege. Qgm `a hms iagas vrknms perana qua ast rahenkmge`m nmg eh prm`unnkg `a hksmzkle `uregta hecesa ckgeh `a he hksks.

As kgtarasegta qua mtrms `ms iagas astg klphkne`ms ag he ra`unnkg `ah latejmhkslm `a he agvmhture nahuher ynmgtrmheg ah ratresm `a he hksks feste qua hes pertnuhes Srknes `a he prmiagka astg ckgehlagta eutm eiraie`es.

Rarkm`m ter`m?

(Lknrmjkmhmie a_kgssar-5;;9)

As ah parkm`m ag ah nueh sa skgtatkzeg? Rrmtages astrunturehas, gm astrunturehas ter`es , agzkles, qua veg entuerag he lmrcmigasks vkreh.

Ah iagmle vkreh fkom tregsnrkja EZGl ter`m.

Hes prmtages ter`es, skalpra smg ls qua hes prmtages talpreges y eh fejar ag leymr negtk`e`, smg astes, (hesprmtages ter`kes), hes qua `asentkveg hes raikmgas `ah iagmle, qua tregsnrkja e hes prmtages talpreges.

Ag Jentarkceims fey agzkles aspancknes qua lm`kckneg e he EZGpmh `apag`kagta `a E@G qua ha parlktanmgmnar e verkms prmlmtmras `ah iagmle vkreh, y tregsnrkjkr verkms iagas talpregms y ter`ms.

Ag vkrus egklehas nmlm Farpasvkrus, vkrus `a he Sennkgke, E`agmvkrus gm axksta teh lm`kcknenkg, he EZGpmh`apag`kagta `a E@G gm as lm`kckne`e, parm he tregsnrkpnkg vere ag cmrle `a nesne`e, as `ankr qua feycentmras `a tregsnrkpnkg qua enteg smjra prmlmtmras y `a ase legare smhm sa axpraseg hms iagas e hms nuehashms centmras sa has fe ugk`m.

Ag ah parkm`m vkreh as ah kgknkm `mg`a ah iagmle vkreh y hes prmtages astrunturehas rankg sa agseljheg, pmr ugprmnasm hhele`m lmrcmigasks.

Ah agseljheoa as ug prmnasm aspmgtegam y gm ouaie ug pepah klpmrtegta hms enk`ms gunhaknms `ajk`m e qua pua`afejar agseljheoa skg ahhms.

Hkjarenkg.

As ah pesm ckgeh `ah nknhm `a luhtkphknenkg vkreh.

Hms vkrus `asgu`ms sa hkjareg e trevs `a he hksks nahuher.

Hms vkrus agvuahtms hm fenag pmr ug lanegkslm aspankeh, `mg`a he hkjarenkg sa `e e nmgtkguenkg `a helmrcmigasks. Ag vkrus agvuahtms, hes prmtages vkrehas nm`kckne`es ag ah nktmphesle lkireg e nkartes raes `a he

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laljrege nahuher, lkagtres qua he gunhamnepsk`a sa skgtatkzeg ye sae ag ah nktmphesle, ag sktkms aspancknms, m agah gnham nahuher.

Huaim he gunhamnepsk`a lkire fenke hes zmges lm`kckne`es `a he laljrege nahuher `mg`a sa agnuagtreg hes

prmtages vkrehas (ihknmprmtages) y smg agvuahtes pmr ahhes, fey agtmgnas hkjarenkg pmr jrmtenkmg.

He jrmtenkmg tkaga huier ag he laljrege nahuher m ag laljreges `a vasnuhes, qua sa `krkiuag fenke helaljrege y pmr ug prmnasm `a axmnktmsks hkjareg eh vkrkmg.

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KK. Le`urenkg y hkjarenkg ag vkrus E@G y EZG.

(@r. Oaeg @. Entmg, Skrmhmike- 5;;9)Ah caglagm `a le`urenkg y hkjarenkg `apag`a pernkehlagta `ah cmnm `mg`a sa `uphkneg y teljkg `a sk sugunhamnpsk`a pmsaa uge agvmhture, m gm.

5.- vkrus `a E@G skg Agvmhture (E`agmvkrus)

Hms ahalagtms pmhkpaptk`knms e pertkr `a hms nuehas sa fejr `a cmrler hes prmtages `a e`agmvkrus sa skgtatkzegsmjra pmhkrrkjmsmles nktmphesltknms y peseg rpk`elagta eh gnham `mg`a qua`eg kgnmrpmre`es e he nepsk`a y ehms nmlpmgagtas kgtargms `ah vkrus . Rere ah agseljha `a hes prmtages astrunturehas y `ah E@G, feste `er ug vkruskgcantegta, sa raqukara he prm`unnkg `a ugm m verkms centmras `a le`urenkg rknms ag erikgkge. Hms vkrkmgas saenuluheg ag ah gnham, y parleganag ugk`ms e he nhuhe feste qua sa hkjareg prmiraskvelagta , pmr he luarta y heeutmhksks `a hes nhuhes kgcante`es.

E`agmvkrus

Lknrmjkmhmie `a _kgssar-5;;9

Ah nknhm `a luhtkphknenkg `a hms E`agmvkrus as verke `a >3 e 06 fmres. @mg`a ah >2 % `ah iagmle vkreh sa tregsnrkja

ag ah parkm`m talpregm.

Ag ah parkm`m ter`km, he sgtasks `a E@G, EZG y prmtages `a he nahuhe fuasta` sa `atkaga.Ah iagmle `ah E`agmvkrus sucra ug prmnasm `a nmrmgelkagtm, as `ankr ag axtralm 1 sucra latkhenkg m

iuegkhkhenkmg.

Ah axtralm > sucra pmhke`agkhenkmg, qua cenkhkte he ugkg e hms rkjmsmles nahuheras y uge acknkagta tre`unnkg.

Axkstag 1 ugk`e`as `a tregsnrkpnkg? 0 ag ah parkm`m talpregm y 5 ag ah parkm`m ter`km qua tregsnrkjkr e hes prmtages

astrunturehas y prmtages `a erlezg.

He prklare ugk`e` `a iagas A5E, A5J, `a tregsnrkpnkg talprege nm`kckneg prmtages qua enteg nmlm nmcentmras

pere he tregsnrkpnkg `a iagas talpregms y pere he raphknenkg `ah iagmle vkreh

Ah iag A5E entkve e A:C y asta entkve e he vas e he raikg A: he nueh nm`kckne pere E@G pmhklarese `apag`kagta a

E@G, e he prmtage tarlkgeh y e uge prmtage cmscmrkhe`e.

He prmtage tarlkgeh sa uga nmvehagtalagta eh axtralm 1 pere `er kgknkm e he raphknenkg.

A>, nm`kckne e uge ihknmprmtage perank e e he `ah LFN, y he raikg A0 entue ag he raphknenkg vkreh, ag he axpraskg `a

hms iagas ter`ms, esk nmlm ag he kgtarrupnkg `a he jkmsgtasks `ah E@G vkreh.

Agtmgnas axkstag EZGl qua nm`kckneg? prmtages astrunturehas y prmtages gm astrunturehas (`a erlezmg)

Zaphknenkg? he raphknenkg tkaga huier ag ah gnham y aste la`ke`e pmr he agzkle E@G pmhklarese prmpke `ah vkrus.

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Lmrcmigasks

Hes prmtages `a he nepsk`a sa ahejmreg ag ah nktmphesle y huaim smg tregspmrte`es eh gnham `mg`a sa agseljheg.

Ag prklar huier sa agseljheg hes nepsk`as venkes y huaim pmr ugm `a sus vrtknas sa kgtrm`una ah E@G vkreh y hes

prmtages gunhaeras.Hms prmnasms `a raphknenkg y tresnrkpnkg smg kgacknkagtas y tkag`ag e prm`unkr arrmras.

Ah E@G, prmtages y gularmses pertnuhes `acantumses sa enuluheg nmlm nuarpms `a kgnhuskg gunhaer.

Hkjarenkg

Ah vkrus parlegana ag ah gnham nahuher y smhm as hkjare`m sk as qua fey `aire`enkg y hksks nahuher.

:.- vkrus `a E@G nmg agvmhture (Skrus `ah Farpas)

Hes prmtages qua sa skgtatkzeg ag ah nktmphesle peseg eh gnham, `mg`a tkagag huier ah agseljheoa `a hesgunhamnpsk`as. Astes alkireg feste he laljrege gunhaer, `mg`a cuarmg cmrlg`msa egtiagms, aspancknms `ahvkrus `uregta he kgcannkg. La`kegta ug caglagm `a ialenkg, hes pertnuhes sa rm`aeg `a uge agvmhture cmrle`epmr he laljrege gunhaer kgtarge, qua nmgtkaga egtiagms vkrehas. Astms vkrkmgas nmg agvmhture ejeg`mgeg ahgnham agnarre`ms ag vasnuhes es seha ah vkrus `a he nhuhe. ^k he gunhamnpsk`a ejeg`mge ah gnham e gkvah `auge rmture ag he laljrege gunhaer, pua`a hhaier e cmrlrsaha agvmhture ag `atarlkge`ms cmnms `ah nktmphesle m`a he laljrege phesltkne. Mtrm lanegkslm pere he hkjareg `ah vkrus perana sar he cmrlenkg `a nkstargesparkgunhaeras, nmgtkgues nmg ah ratnuhm ag`mphesltknm, qua parlktkreg he hkjarenkg prmiraskve `a vkrkmgas pmrperta `a uge nhuhe kgtente.

Farpasvkrus. Skrus `a E@G jknetagerkm nmg agvmhture.

(Lknrmjkmhmie `a_kgssar-5;;9)

Kgirase pmr cuskg `a he laljrege nahuher y he agvmhture. [ he gunhamnepsk`a qua`e hkjare`e ag ah nktmphesle ylkire fenke ah gnham.

He `anepsk`enkmg mnurra ag hms pmrms gunhaeras `mg`a ah iagmle `ah vkrus pagatre `asgu`m eh gnham.

Ah iagmle as raphkne`m pmr uge E@G pmhklarese nm`kckne`e pmr ah lkslm vkrus.

He tregsnrkpnkg as ag cmrle `a nesne`e, hms iagas smg tregsnrktms, ag EZGl qua tre`una e prmtages quaenteg nmlm nmcentmras pere entkver e mtrms iagas.

Ah iag ehce, nm`kckne e uge cmscmprmtage qua entkve e hms iagas 5 y : qua skgtatkzeg E@G pmhklarese pere heraphknenkg.

Hms iagas ielle nm`kckneg pere prmtages astrunturehas.

Lmrcmigasks?

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Pkaga huier ag ah gnham. Rrklarm he nepsk`a lkire fenke ah gnham, sa agseljhe, y ckgehlagta kgirase ah E@Gvkreh.

Huaim he gunhamnepsk`a sa uga e he laljrege gunhaer y mjtkaga he agvmhture y smg hhave`ms eh nktmphesle, `mg`a

pmr ialenkg peseg eh eperetm `a Imhik, y `a ehh skiuag ug nelkgm sklkher eh qua skiuag hes prmtages smhujhassanrate`es.

Farpasvkrus. Le`urenkg y hkjarenkg.

(R. Lurrey. :22;. Lknrmjkmhmie l`kne.)

Rrmtages ielle, smg prmtages astrunturehas qua eperanag tres ah nmlkagzm `a he raphknenkg.

Hes prmnepsk`as venkes sa agseljheg ag ah gnham, sa hhageg `a E@G.

He gunhamnepsk`a cmrle`e e`qukara he agvmhture `a he laljrege gunhaer m `ah eperetm `a Imhik y ejeg`mgeg henhuhe pmr axmnktmsks m hksks.

He lequkgerke nahuher sa mnupe `a he tregsnrkpnkg, tre`unnkg, `a he sgtasks `a hes ihknmprmtages vkrehas y `a hehkjarenkg pmr axmnktmsks.

He nepsk`a qua nmgtkaga ah E@G vkreh sa esmnke e he laljrege gunhaer qua aste lm`kckne`e (ehtare`e) pmrprmtages vkrehas, ejeg`mge ah gnham e trevs `ah ZA.

Hes ihknmprmtages vkrehas qua astg ag ah nktmphesle sa prmnaseg eh kiueh qua hes ihknmprmtages nahuheras.

Ag ah nktmphesle he nepsk`a vkreh e`qukara hes prmtages `ah taiulagtm (qua eyu`eg e he raphknenkg). @aspuse`qukara pmr ialenkg he agvmhture `a he laljrege `ah E. `a Imhik. Aste agvmhture ast `mte`e nmg hesihknmprmtages vkrehas.

Hkjarenkg.

Hms Farpasvkrus sa hkjare pmr axmnktmsks m hksks nahuher.

M pua`a hkjarersa pmr puagtas kgtarnahuheras `a uge nhuhe m mtre, ave`kag`m esk he raspuaste kglugmhikne.

>.-Skrus `a E@G nmlphaom (Skrus `a Sennkgke)

Pegtm ah E@G vkreh nmlm hms nmlpmgagtas prmtagknms sa skgtatkzeg ag ah nktmphesle y sa prasagteg nmlmirguhms y ckjrkhhes `agsms , ag cmnms qua cuarmg hhele`ms -phegtes m vkrmphesles- `uregta ah caglagm `ale`urenkg , hms ckhelagtms `kspuastms eh ezer sa rm`aeg `a uge laljrege `a guave skgtasks, cmrle`e pmr verkesnepes y sa prm`unag pertnuhes kgle`ures ascrknes. Ases pertnuhes veg sucrkag`m `kcaragnkenkg kgtarge,

cmrlg`msa he laljrege kgtarge, hms nuarpms hetarehas y ah gunhamk`a m aoa nagtreh, `mg`a sa agnuagtre ah E@G.He laljrege axtarge `ah vkrkg e`qukara su espantm le`urm nerentarstknm, y hes pertnuhes sa enuluheg ag ahnktmphesle. Rua`ag hkjarersa hagtelagta ehiugms vkrkmgas `a hes lknrmvahhmsk`e`as `a he suparcknka nahuher. Ah

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vkrus pua`a peser `krantelagta `a uge nhuhe e mtre, pmr puagtas kgtarnktmphesltknms, kgnhusm ag prasagnke `aegtknuarpms gautrehkzegtas aspancknms.

Rmxvkrus

(Lknrmjkmhmie a _kgssar-5;;9)

Hms Rmxvkrus smg vkrus nmlphaoms `a E@G jknetagerkm qua tkagag ag su astrunture nmras ireg`as, nuarpmshetarehas, nujkarte, agvmhture, ckjrkhhes smjra he suparcknka.

Ah E@G vkreh sa raphkne ag ah nktmphesle as pmr ahhm qua pmsaag E@G pmhklarese `apag`kagta `a E@G, prmpkm.

Rmsaag mtres agzkles nmlm fahkneses, tmpmksmlareses, agtra mtres.

Pkaga he Gamskgtatezes pere `aire`er he nepsk`a.

^a kgnmrpmreg e he nhuhe fuspa` pmr vasnuhes, sa hkjareg eh nktmphesle nmlm nmras, hms nuehas veg e sar`aire`e`ms pmr agzkles prmpkes `ah vkrus.

Ag ah nktmphesle cmrleg kgnhuskmgas `a tkpm J, qua rankjag ah gmljra `a cjrknes.

He raphknenkg as rpk`e. ^a `e ag ah nktmphesle ag hes zmges `a tkpm J.

He tregsnrkpnkg `a hms iagas talpregms nmlkagze nueg`m hms nmras smg hkjare`ms eh nktmphesle.

Egtas `a he raphknenkg sa tregsnrkja ls `a he lkte` `ah iagmle Rmxvkrus, qua `e prmtages gm astrunturehas qualm`kckneg hes cugnkmgas gmrlehas `a he nahuhe.

Lmrcmigasks

^a `e ag ah nktmphesle. Hms iagmles vkrehas sa iagareg e uge vahmnk`e` leymr `a he kgnmrpmrenkg `a hmspertnuhes vkrehas. Agnepsk`enkmg eh ezer.

Ah tkalpm `a agnepsk`enkmg `a he pertknuhe vkreh as 5 fmre.

Hkjarenkg.

^a `e pmr `askgtairenkg nahuher.

^a ranujrag pmr `mjha laljrege (eperetm `a Imhik y cuskg `a he laljrege nahuher), hes nuehas gm smggautrehkze`es pmr hms egtknuarpms, skag`m su kgcantkvk`e` (ihunmprmtakges) ehte.

Rmxvkrus

(R. Lurrey. :22;. Lknrmjkmhmie l`kne)

Pkagag E@G pmhklarese `apag`kagta `a E@G pere skgtatkzer EZGl vkreh.

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Nknhm `a luhtkphknenkg sa `e ag ah nktmphesle, agtmgnas hms Rmxvkrus sa vag ag he mjhkienkg `a skgtatkzer E@G yEZG pmhklarese prmpkms, esk nmlm ls agzkles pere he sgtasks, gm nmlm mtrms vkrus E@G qua hes mjtkagag `ahe Nhuhe fuspa`.

Kgiraseg pmr cuskg `a he agvmhture nmg he laljrege nahuher.

Rmstarkmrlagta sa kgknke he tregsnrkpnkg iagtkne pranmz tres he ahklkgenkg a he laljrege axtarge.

Fey uge prmtage `a `asagvmhture prmpke qua ahklkge he laljrege kgtarge, hkjareg`m esk E@G vkreh eh nktmphesle.

Agtmgnas ah E@G vkreh sa raphkne ag kgnhuskmgas nktmphesltknes (centmres m nuarpms `a kgnhuskg `a Iuergkark).

Pres he raphknenkg sa prm`una EZGl ter`km qua sa tre`unkr ag prmtages astrunturehas y gm astrunturehas, agtramtres.

Ag hms Rmxvkrus e `kcaragnke `a hms `als vkrus E@G agvuahtms. Hes laljreges sa agseljheg ehra`a`mr `a hescentmres.

Hkjarenkg? Hms pmxvkrus sa hkjareg pmr hksks m pmr axmnktmsks. Rmr hksks pmrqua iagareg prmtages qua enahareg ahnranklkagtm nahuher, y eh ravagter he nahuhe fena qua hms vkrkmgas ye le`urms sa `ksalkgag.

Kleiag 2:? nknhm vkteh `a Skrus E@G nmlphaoms (Rmxvkrus). Cuagta?R. Lurrey. :22;. Lknrmjkmhmie l`kne.

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0.-Skrus `a EZG skg nujkarte (vkrus `a he Rmhkmlkahktks)

Ah EZG `ah vkrus `a he pmhkmlkahktks y `a hms pranursmras prmtagknms nmrraspmg`kagtas sa skgtatkzeg ag cmrlenkmgasnktmphesltknes hklkte`es pmr laljreges, qua rankjag ah gmljra `a nuarpms `a sgtasks `a vkrus(N^S), y `agtrm

`a hms nuehas tkaga huier he le`ureg `ah vkrkg. ^a cmrleg hms nepslarms pmr eutmagsejha e pertkr `a lmglarms`a prmtages pranursmres (ugk`e`as astrunturehas) qua sa agnuagtreg ag nmgougtms sktue`ms ag ah kgtarkmr `a hmsN^S. Nmgcmrla ve skgtatkzg`msa ah EZG vkreh, qua`e agnarre`m rpk`elagta `agtrm `ahe npsk`a qua sa cmrle ehkrsa lmgteg`m hes nepsmlares. Hes pertnuhes vkrehas le`ures sa enuluheg ag he letrkz nktmphesltkne, m `agtrm`a venumhes nktmphesltknes, y pua`ag tagar nkartm perank`m nmg nrkstehas kgtarnahuheras. Nueg`m sa `astruya heNhuhe fey hkjarenkg skluhtgae y rpk`e `a ireg negtk`e` `a vkrus kgcantegta.

(Lknrmjkmhmie a_kgssar-5;;9)

Ah vkrus `a he pmhkmlkahktks partagana e he celkhke Rknmrgevkrk`ea, vkrus `a EZG `a ne`age sagnkhhe `a sagtk`m +,nmg nepsk`a y skg agvmhture.

Pkagag EZG pmhklarese `apag`kagta `a EZG.

Rmsaa 32 prmtmlarms, ne`e prmtage tkaga ug pasm `a 522D@e qua as nhkve`e ag 0 prmtakges les paquaes, SR5,ag `mg`a sa agnuagtreg hms apktmpas `ah vkrus, SR:, SR> y SR0.

Ag su nknhm `a luhtkphknenkg he e`smrnkg sa `e agtra he SR5 y hms ranaptmras `a nhuhes `a he gesmcerkgia, trentmiestrmkgtastkgeh y `ah feste egtarkmr `a he la`uhe aspkgeh.

Qge vas `anepsk`e`m ah EZG vkreh ente `krantelagta nmlm EZGl qua sa tre`una ag uge pmhkprmtakge. Uua`aspus ve sar nhkve`e pmr prmtaeses.

Fey uge raikg raiuhe`mre ag ah axtralm 1

Axksta ug nmgtrmh `a he tre`unnkg, hes prmtages gm astrunturehas sa nm`kckneg ag he raikg >.

Lmrcmigasks

Hes nepsk`as sa nmgstktuyag pmr prmtmlarms cmrle`ms pmr SR5, SR>, SR2 (qua as SR0 + SR:) `mg`a sapmhklarkzeg ag pagtlarms, huaim sa nmg`agseg pere cmrler he nepsk`a.

Huaim `a cmrle`e he nepsk`a ah EZG vkreh sa agnepsk`e y he pertnuhe vkreh, pere qua asta nmlphatelagtakgcannkmse, `aja `a fejar ug nhkve`m `a he SR2 ag SR: y SR0.

SRi as uge prmtage qua kg`kne he saeh `a agnepsk`enkmg.

Agtmgnas hms pmhkmvkrus ye agnepsk`e`ms sa eirupeg cmrleg`m mriegkzenkmgas perenrkstehkgeskgtrenktmphesletknes.

[ smhm sehag nueg`m he nahuhe sa hkse.

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R. Lurrey. :22;. Lknrmjkmhmie l`kne.^mjra he le`urenkg y hkjarenkg `a hms Rknmrgevkrus.

He celkhke Rknmrgevkrk`ea smg vkrus EZG `a ne`age sklpha y nmg pmherk`e` pmsktkve, `a nepsk`a knmsea`rkne,cmrle`m pmr pagtlarms ag hms 5: vrtknas, `a 1 prmtmlarms ag ne`e ugm `a hms pagtlarms.

He prmtage SR0 jrkg`e astejkhk`e` eh vkrkmg y aste sa `asprag`a `a he nepsk`a nueg`m ah vkrkmg ast ugk`m ehranaptmr nahuher.

Ah axtralm >`ah iagmle aste pmhke`agkhe`m y fey uge prmtage qua pmtagnke ah pm`ar kgcantkvm.

Ag ah axtralm 1 aste he SRi (prmtage hkie`e eh iagmle) nuye cugnkg aste `krkik`e fenke ah alpequatelkagtm ysgtasks `a EZG vkreh.

Ah iagmle teljkag prm`una uge pmhkprmtakge qua sa asnkg`a ag prmtages astrunturehas y gm astrunturehas. Ahiagmle teljkag nm`kckne : prmtaeses, uge EZG pmhklarese `apag`kagta `a EZG.

Ag he e`smrnkg he SR5 kgtarente nmg ah ranaptmr nahuher, aste prmtage entkve e he SR0 y fena qua he nepsk`a sa`asprag`e y sa hkjara ah iagmle EZG vkreh, ah nueh sa kgyante pmr ug negeh nrae`m pmr he prmtage SR5.

Ah iagmle hkjra ag ah nktmphesle ve `krantelagta fenke hms rkjmsmles, pere cugnkmger `krantelagta nmlm EZGl.

@aspus `a 52 e 51 lkgutms `a he kgcannkg, sa skgtatkze he pmhkprmtakge qua tkaga tm`es hes sanuagnkes prmtaknes`ah vkrus, he nueh pmstarkmrlagta ve sar nhkve`e pmr prmtaeses prmpkes `ah vkrus.

He EZG pmhklarese `apag`kagta `a EZG, skgtatkze EZG vkreh `a pmherk`e` gaietkve, he nueh sarvkr `a lmh`a peretregsnrkjkr EZGl y pere raphkner EZG iaglknm.

Agtmgnas ye ag asta pugtm, hms pknmrgevkrus tkagag ye he nepenk`e` `a kgfkjkr he sgtasks `a E@G, EZG(kgfkjaehiugms centmras `a kgknkenkg `a he tregsnrkpnkg), y sgtasks `a prmtages `a he nhuhe fuspa`.

He SR2, SR5,SR> sa asnkg`ag `a he pmhkprmtakge y sa agseljheg ag sujugk`e`as (1 sujugk`e`as eirupe`es agpagtlarms, y 5: pagtlarms sa ugag pere cmrler uge prmnepsk`a)

Agtmgnas tres he cmrlenkg `a he prmnepsk`a, sa kgsarte ah EZG vkreh y he SR2 sa nhkve ag SR: y SR0,y astaagtmgnas nueg`m he nepsk`a ast nmlphatelagta le`ure.

Hms pknmrgevkrus sa hkjareg `a he nhuhe fuaspa` pmr hksks.

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Kleiag 2> astrunture `a he nepsk`a a ug pknmrgevkrus . Kleiag 20 astrunture ah iagmle `a ug pknmrgevkrus.

Cuagta? R. Lurrey. :22;. Lknrmjkmhmie l`kne.

1.-Skrus `a EZG nmg agvmhture. (Mrtmlkxmvkrus).

(R. Lurrey. :22;. Lknrmjkmhmie l`kne)

^mg vkrus EZG agvuahtms `a pmherk`e` gaietkve y nmg nepsk`a `a sklatre fahknmk`eh.

Pkagag ah iagmle sailagte`m, vkrus `a he kgchuagze E, J, nmgsteg `a 6 sailagtms y vkrus `a he kgchuagze N, 9sailagtms.

Ag su laljrege kgtarge tkaga L5 (prmtage `a letrkz), L: (prmtage `a laljrege)

Ne`e sailagtm aste ugk`m e he GR (gunhamprmtakge) y he tregsnrkptese (nmlpmgag tegtm he EZG pmhklarese, RJ5RJ: y RE)

Pm`es hes prmtages smg nm`kckne`es pmr sailagtms `kstkgtms, e axnapnkg GR5, GR:, L5, L: qua smgnm`kckne`es pmr ug lkslm sailagtm.

He agvmhture tkaga `ms tkpms `a aspknuhes? FE (faleihutkgkge) ihknmprmtage trklare, qua sa e`fkara eh enk`mskehknm(ranaptmr) a he laljrege nahuher.

Fena cuskg `a he agvmhture nmg he laljrege nahuher.

GE (gaurmelkgk`ese) ihknmprmtage tatrelare, qua entkve e hes agzkles, qua asnkg`a ah enk`m skehknm, kgnhuk`m ahranaptmr nahuher, klpk`kag`m esk ah eirupelkagtm vkreh. Cenkhkteg`m he hkjarenkg `a hms vkrus `a he nahuhe fuaspa`.

L5? ravksta ah kgtarkmr `ah vkrkmg. Astkluhe eh agseljheoa.

L:? cmrle ug negeh `a prmtmgas ag he laljrege. Rar`k`e `a he agvmhture y hkjarenkg `ah vkrkmg.

Zaphknenkg. He FE sa uga eh enk`m skehknm, ah vkrus sa kgtargehkze ag uge vasknuhe y sa tregsckara e ug ag`msmle.

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He enk`kcknenkg `ah ag`msmle fena qua sa phkaiua he FE y axpmgie hes zmges fk`rcmjes `a he ihknmprmtage,cenkhkteg`m esk he cuskg `a he agvmhture nmg he laljrege ag`msmlkeh.

Ah negeh `a prmtmgas qua iagare he L:, enk`kckne ah la`km y jhmquae e he L5, GR y as agtmgnas qua ah vkrus pkar`e

he agvmhture y qua`e hkjra he gunhamnepsk`a qua seha eh nktmphesle.

Ah EZG vkreh ve fenke ah gunham.

Ah EZG pmhklarese gm pua`a tregsnrkjkr ah EZG vkreh `a ne`age gaietkve. Agtmgnas use nmlm naje`mr ah axtralm1 latkhe`m `ah EZGl nahuher. Uua as he sanuagnke qua ganaskte pere qua pua`e kgknker he tregsnrkpnkmg ypmstarkmr tre`unnkg.

Ah EZGl sa tre`una pmr hms rkjmsmles ag ah nktmphesle `a he nahuhe fuaspa`.

Hes ihknmprmtages smg prmnase`es pmr ah Z.A. y ah eperetm `a Imhik.

Agtmgnas he FE y GE ye prmnase`e sa tregspmrteg e he suparcknka nahuher.

^a cejrkne EZG `a pmherk`e` pmsktkve qua sarvkr nmlm lmh`a pere ah iagmle vkreh fkom.

Hms sailagtms `a iagmle sa tregspmrteg eh nktmphesle mg`a sa ugag nmg he Rmhklarese y he GR, pere cmrlerhe gunhamnepsk a.

Huaim he G^: hhave he gunhamnepsk`a fenke he L5 qua ravksta kgtargelagta e he laljrege nahuher qua nmgtkaga e(L:, FE, GE).

Rere qua ah vkrus sae kgcannkmsm he FE `aja sar nhkve`e ag FE5 y FE:.

He GE ahklkge hms rask`ums `a enk`m gaurmelkgknm `a he crennkg mhkimsenerk`e `a he FE, skgm sa ahklkge astecrennkg he FE gm pua`a sar nhkve`e y pmr nmgskiukagta ah vkrus `aoere `a sar gcannkmsm.

Hms sailagtms `a EZG sa agvuahvag `a legare ehaetmrke, pu`kag`m iagarersa pertnuhes `acantumses.

Ah vkrus sa hkjare pmrialenkg `a legaresahantkve.

Kleiag 21? Nknhm `aluhtkphknenkg a ugMrtmlkxmvkrus. Cuagta? (R.

Lurrey. :22;.

Lknrmjkmhmie l`kne)

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3. Le`urenkg y hkjarenkg ceikne

Lknrmjkmhmie `a _kgssar-5;;9Hms jentarkceims sa `kcaragnkeg `a hms vkrus egklehas ag qua sa luhtkphkneg les rpk`m. Rarkm`m hetagta ag

Rmhkmvkrus as `a 0 fmres. Skrus `a he Sennkgke, 5: fmres, ceims P> P0, 5> lkgutms.

Lmrcmigasks?

Ag ceims P0, P9 y helj`e he lmrcmigasks sa fe astu`ke`m nmg leymr prmcug`k`e`.

^a feg agnmgtre`m `ms nhesas `kcaragtas `a prmtages klphkne`es ag ah agseljheoa, e`als `a hes prmtages

astrunturehas agnmgtre`es ag hes pertnuhes ceiknes le`ures.

Mtres prmtages enteg nmlm netehkze`mras uregta hes ves a agseljheoa.

Ag ah ceim P0 hes prmtages nm`kckne`es pmr hms iagas >5 y 02 astg klphkne`es ag ah agseljheoa `a he nejaze y smg

skgtatkze`es egtas qua mtres prmtages a he lmrcmigasks.

Hes prmtages astrunturehas smg skgtatkze`es ag ireg`as negtk`e`as ag nmgtrepmsknkg `a hes prmtages netehtknes qua

smg skgtatkze`es ag paquaes negtk`e`as.

Ah ceim P0 tkaga >2 aspankas `a prmtages astrunturehas y :2 aspankas `a prmtages smg ganaserkes pere ah

agseljheoa.

Hms ceims P9 y helj`e tkagag 52 e 51 prmtakges astrunturehas.Ah agseljheoa `ah ceim nmlprag`a verkes hgaes `kcaragtas qua pm`reg kg`kvk`uehkzersa ag prmnejazes, nejazes

le`ures, ckjres neu`ehas, nmras , nmhe.

He nejaze, nmhe y ckjres sa agseljheg `a legare kg`apag`kagta agtra sk y huaim sa nmljkgeg pere cmrler he

pertknuhe a ceim le`ure.

Hes nejazes nmlkagzeg nmlm ug nmlphaom `a prmnejazes kgle`ures, sa hkjareg `a he laljrege nahuher y sa hhageg

`a E@G ceiknm.

@a legare qua pere ah agseljheoa ckgeh `ah ceim nmgtrkjuyag > hkgaes `kcaragta.

Ah eiraie`m `a uge aspanka `a prmtage e uge astrunture ag nranklkagtm pua a cenkhkter ah eiraie`m uhtarkmr `a mtre

prmtage, hms neljkms `a nmgcmrlenkg kg`unk`ms e uge prmtage pere ah agseljheoa smjra uge astrunture iagareg

hms sktkms raentkvms ganaserkms pere he eiraienkg `a he prmtage skiukagta, y astms sktkms gm astg prasagtas ag he

prmtage hkjra (gm agseljheg).

Hm klpmrtegta `ah agseljheoa as qua sa `e ag ug gknm pugtm, avkteg`m esk he kglagse verka`e` `a agseljheoas

kgtkhas.

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Nmlm pua`a uge astrunture jkmhikne pmr aoalphm he nmhe `a ug ceim e`mpter skalpra he lksle hmgiktu`=

Ah prm`untm `ah iag F as ah nmlpmgagta nagtreh `a he nmhe `ahe ceim helj`e, hes nmhes ag eusagnke `a aste prmtage

sa `agmlkgeg pmhktujms y prasagteg uge hmgiktu` kg`ackgk`e.

He supraskg `a elkgmnk`ms `a he prmtage nm`kckne`e pmr ah iag F `e huier e ug enmrtelkagtm prmpmrnkmgeh `a hehmgiktu` `a he nmhe.

Hksks y hkjarenkg

Nesk tm`ms hms ceims smg hkjare`ms `a sus fuspa`as `aspus `a ug nknhm htknm pmr ug lanegkslm qua sa

`kcaragnke `a nuehqukare `a hms alphae`ms pmr hms vkrus egklehas.

He nahuhe jentarkege sa hkse `a legare ejrupte rezg pmr he nueh sa hkjare tm`e prmiagka.

Ag ah ceim P0, he hksks as nmgsanuagnke `a he cugnkg `a `ms agzkles nm`kckne`es pmr ah ceim? he hksmzkle qua fk`rmhkse

he pera` nahuher jentarkege, y he hkpese qua etene he laljrege nahuher.

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KKK. Nmgnhuskmgas

Fey vkrus nuye gkne nujkarte as he npsk`a, smg vkrus `asgu`ms, ag nmgtrepmsknkg e equahhms qua pmsaagagvmhture pmr cuare `a he npsk`a qua smg hms vkrus agvuahtms. As nmgvagkagta nmgsk`arerhms pmr sapere`mag asta pugtm qua skigkckne he nuhlkgenkg ag he cmrlenkg `a uge prmiagka vkreh.

Rere hms vkrus `asgu`ms, ah caglagm `a le`urenkg nmgsksta sklphalagta ag he ugkg `a hmsnepslarms pere cmrler he npsk`a y he pmstarkmr ugkg `a aste nmg ah iagmle. Rerana axkstkr uge `kcaragnke ag hele`urenkg `a asta irupm `a vkrus `apag`kag`m `a qua ah nk`m gunhaknm sae E@G m EZG.

Rere hms qua tkaga E@G, he sgtasks `ah E@G sa raehkze nmg egtknkpenkg e he eperknkg `a ahalagtmsastrunturehas, lkagtres qua pere hms vkrus EZG sa fe `almstre`m nmg elkgmnk`ms re`kmentkvms qua hesne`ages pmhkpapt`knes smg raugk`es luy prmgtm ag nepslarms y rpk`elagta astes ag npsk`as, y qua axksta

nmgnmr`egnke nmg he sgtasks `a he lmhnuhe `a EZG.

He hkjarenkg ag asta irupm `a vkrus `apag`a lunfm `ah tkpm `a vkrus y `a hes nerentarstknes `a he nhuhefuspa`. Hms pmhkmvkrus smg hkjare`ms rpk`elagta `a hes nhuhes FaHe m FAp-:4 he hkjarenkg sa raehkze pmrrmture `a venumhes suparcknkehas.

Ag hms vkrus E@G qua le`ureg ag ah gnham, ah tkalpm `a hkjarenkg as leymr qua ah aoalphm egtarkmr, ye quahe hkjarenkg sa hhave e nejm pmr euthksks nahuher.

Ag hms vkrus qua pmsaag agvmhture, he le`urenkg as ls nmlphaoe , ye qua e`als `a he ugkg `ahnk`m gunhaknm nmg he npsk`a, ah vkrus `aja rm`aersa `a he agvmhture. Huaim `a fejarsa cmrle`m henspk`a, he pertnuhe sa eprmxkle e he laljrege phesltkne, prm`unkg`msa he aveikgenkg `a he laljrege nmg ah pmstarkmr `asprag`klkagtm `ah jrmta. Ah jrmtelkagtm pua`a saraxphkne`m pmr uge rahenkg agtra hes prmtages `a he laljrege phesltkne y he gunhamnpsk`a. Rmr hmiagareh, he hkjarenkg `a he pertnuhe sa `e eh nuhlkger ah jrmtelkagtm `a he laljrege nahuher.

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KS. Egaxms

Agseljha, le`urenkg ysehk`e`avkrkmgasag vkrus`aegklehas

Skrus`aE@G?-E`agmvkrk`ea-Farpasvkrk`ea

Skrus`aEZG?-Rknmrgevkrk`ea-Mrtfmlyxmvkrk`ea

Zatrmvkrk`ea

^EHK@E@A HM^ GQASM^ SKZKMGA^

Skrus`asgu`ms

Iagarehlagtaprm`unaheluartayhksks`ahenhuhefmspa`e`mre. Aoalphm, e`agmvkrus, pmhkmvkrus.

Skrusnmg agvmhture

Kgtarennkg`aprmtagesvrknesraspmgsejhas`aheialenkgegkvah `ahelaljregephesltkne

Ao. S. Kgchuagze

Agseljheoa`ahegunhamnpsk`e ye`quksknkg`aheagvmhturesapere`msagahaspenkmy

agtkalpm. Ao. Skrus`aEZG(-)nmlmKgchuagzevkrustkpmE

Agseljheoa`ahegunhamnpsk`e ye`quksknkg`aheagvmhturemnurragehevaz.Ao. EhiugmsZatrmvkrus(SKF)

Mrkiag`aheagvmhture`ahmsvkrkmgas

Laljregeskgtarges`ahenhuhe. Ao. FarpasvkrusLaljrege

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nktmphesltkne. Ao. Zatrmvkrus

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Mrtfmlyxmvkr k`ea

Agseljha `a hms vkrkmgas `a vkrus Kgchuagze tkpm E

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S. Jkjhkmirece

@evks J, @uhjannm Z, Ikgsjari F. Lknrmjkmhmike. ^eg Rejhm, Jreskh Ferpar eg` Zmw, >re a`.

5;61. Ckah`s J, Dgkpa @. Skrmhmiy. Gaw [mrd. Zevag Rrass,:g` a`.. 5;;2.

Omdhkd YD, Ykhhatt FR, Elms @J, Ykhiart NL. a`ktmras, _kgssar Lknrmjkmhmie. :2 a`. JsEs.

Regelarknege4 5;;0.

R. Z. LQZZE[. Lknrmjkmhmie L`kne. Lmsjy (Ahsavkar ^nkagna). :223. Zmjart Y.Fmrgar , astrunture y cugnkg `a hms vkrus. A`knkmgasMlaie, ^.E, Jernahmge, 5;9;.

Ofmg @muihes, Jentarkceims, A`knkmgasMlaie, .E, Jernahmge, 5;96.

^FMZ^, P. Skrus? Astu`km Lmhanuher nmg Mrkagtenkg Nhgkne. 5 A`. Eriagtkge. A`ktmrkeh

L`kne Regelarknege. :22;

SKZMHMIKE, @r. OAEG @. ENPMG, A`ktmrkeh Kgtarelkrknegm ^.E `a N.Q. NA@ZM. Laxknm / 5re

A`knkmg 5;;9

YMHCIEGI D. OMDHKD4 FKH@E R. YKHHAP. Lknrmjkmhmie `a _kgssar. A`ktmrkeh La`kne

Regelarknege. :2 A`knkg. Juagms Ekras.5;;0.

HKGDMIZECE?

fttp?//www.smhmnkagnke.nml/jkmhmike/lknrmjkmhmike-lknrmmriegkslms-nheskcknenkmg.ftlh.