LOS MAYAS LOCALIZACIÓN GEOGRÁFICA La cultura maya abarcó territorios constituídos, hoy en día,...

LOS MAYAS

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LOCALIZACIÓN GEOGRÁFICA

• La cultura maya abarcó territorios constituídos, hoy en día, por l a península de Yucatán, Chiapas, Guatemala, el noroeste de Honduras, Belice y los límites de El Salvador.

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ESTRATOS SOCIALES

Familia real

Nobleza

Mercaderes

Campesinos y esclavos

ECONOMÍA

• La economía maya se basaba en:

1) Agricultura: maíz, frijol, calabaza, batata, aguacate.

2) Intercambios comerciales: algodón, cacao, jade, obsidiana, plumas de quetzal, metates, maíz, sal, cera, miel y caucho.

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RELIGIÓN

• Los mayas eran politeístas: tenían muchos dioses. Entre los mas importantes se encuentran:

• Kukul can – Serpiente emplumada

• Itzamna- Dios de la humanidad

• Kinich Ahua-Dios del sol

• Chac Mol- Dios del agua y lluvia.

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EL LIBRO SAGRADO

• El Popol Vuh es el libro sagrado de los mayas. En el se escribieron sus creencias, profecías y oraciones.

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RITOS SAGRADOS

• Los mayas adoraban a sus dioses ofreciéndoles:

1) Abstinencias- comida, diversion, trabajo.

2) Ofrendas – flores, comida, luz.

3) Sacrificios humanos- los cuales nunca fueron extensivo a toda la población ni cotidianos.

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LENGUA

• Los mayas hablaban cientos de dialectos que generan cerca de 44 lenguas mayas diferentes.

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BELLEZA MAYA

• Los mayas consideraban como bella una cara achatada. Por eso, a los recién nacidos se les ataba la cabeza entre dos tablillas,una en la parte porterior y otra en la frente, lo que en pocos días achataba la frente y el cráneo del bebé.

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VIVIENDAS

• Las casas de los mayas estaban hechas de adobe y cañas.

• Constituían de una cocina y dormitorios con camas de hojas de palma.

• Las pirámides eran los templos en los que adoraban a sus dioses.

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VESTIDO

• Hombres: taparrabos y sandalias

• Mujeres: vestido blanco y suelto de una sola pieza (kub). Debajo llevaban una enagua muy larga y amplia. También usaban sandalias.

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LOGROS CULTURALES

• Matemáticas- sistema de numeración con 0.

• Ciencia- 2 calendarios: Tzolkin (sagrado) y el Haab (cotidiano)

• Escritura- sistema de escritura con más de 700 jeroglíficos

• Literatura: Popol Vuh y Chilam Balám- creencias, mitos,

profecías, costumbres,

oraciones e historia.

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LA CULTURA MAYA VIVE

• En la actualidad hay entre 4 y 6 millones de mayas, que viven en las mismas zonas donde se inició su cultura. Algunos siguen sus tradiciones. Otros han asimilado la cultura moderna.

LOS MAYAS LOCALIZACIÓN GEOGRÁFICA La cultura maya abarcó territorios constituídos, hoy en día,...

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