Les Dues Galledes
Transcript of Les Dues Galledes
-
!"#$% & '()* '+(,"-&
% . /0 1/23 ' 1' 3 4 251. 4 253
6 ', 4 3 '784 3 '9 : ;;4 74 3' ' ' ' '
(3 3 4 ' 0 /. 8210 : 0 1? @
(85/
-
!"#$%&"#$'())"%"#
*()+,$"-+./+0()1$(##",2/3/2(24$.+-&0/.(./5
6789:
!"#$% &'()*
+,)-.$/0/$1$2)&%3)1)41)."5&3%#2/6)7%4)."#$%-81#2)7%)41)4%.$931
+,+,):#2);/,>,)H%#215%#$)."#2%PQ%#./14 )))))))&'()+E ))))))))>,*,)M%#$/3R2%)"3(94462))/)2%#$/3R2%)10%3("#S/$))))))))))) )))))))&'()+K ))))))))))))))))))))>,E,)?@%P9/4/83/ )))))))&'()+A
)
- ;0($ 3"))($ #"0
-
8&,(02$ -+)2$ %"$ 2"->#4$ )($ %+0($ 3($ (,,/E(,$ .(%($ %/($ ($ .(#($ #"3($ (-E$0+-I#$&0($'())"%($/$-/2J($%@(/'&(A
7(2&,()-"024$ )($ '())"%($ >",F".2($ "#2(3($ -+)2$ +,'&))+#($ %")$ #"&$ >,+>/$,"#&)2(2K$ /$ )($ >+E,($ '())"%($ "#B&",%(%($ #"$ #"02/($ (3",'+0
- 8"#>,I#$%"$%+#$(0,L>/($/$(-(,'($%",,+2($>",$ "#2(,$ "#B&",%(%(4$ )($ '())"%($ 3($ >(,)(,$ (-E$ )($ #"0
-
!($%+0($3($#+-,/&,"1
NQ(#$3/#2$B&"$E+0/B&"#$F)+,#$C/$C($0+-I#$()$2"&$.+#2(2$%")$.(-MR$S+$J($.+0"/=/($")$2"&$%"F".2"$/$3(/'$#"-E,(,$))(3+,#$%"$F)+,#$()$2"&$.+#2(2$%")$.(-MA$T(%($%/(4$ B&(0$ 2+,0U3"-4$ 2&$ )"#$ ,"'(3"#A$8&,(02$ %+#$(0",$'&(,0/,$.(#($-"3(V$O/$2&$0+$F+##/#$.+-$"2#4$J+$0+$C(&,/($>+'&2$'(&%/,$%D(B&"#2$>,/3/)"'/VW
T()$ (..">2(,$ ($ .(%(#.H$ 2()$ /$ .+-$ I#AAA$ X$ %"#.+E,/,YC/$ )"#$ .+#"#$>+#/2/3"#$2+2$>+2"0./(02Y)"#A
-
GTZX*XZGZO
[A$G\G7O$89$!G$!9TZ;]G
[A[A$GE(0#$%D/0/./(,$)($)".2&,($"0#$F/=(,"-$"0$(B&"#2($F+2+',(F/(A
Y^&P$C/$>+%"-$3"&,"R
YG$ B&/0$ >(M#$ $ #"-E)($ B&"$ #DC($ F"2$ (B&"#2($F+2+',(F/(R
Y_#$&0($`+0($,&,()$+$&,E(0(R
Y^&P$>+,2($)($0+/(R$a",$($B&P$#",3"/=R
Ya",$B&P$>+,2"0$%&"#$'())"%"#R
Y*+)"&$ >,+3(,$ %"$ .+0#2,&/,$ &0"#$ '())"%"#$E()(0b(R
Y^&/0($C(E/)/2(2$I#$/->+,2(02$>",$($&2/)/2`(,Y)"#R
-
GTZX*XZGZO
[AcA$!@(/'&(1
YO(E"&$B&"$C/$C($&0#$de$>(?#+#$()$-50$B&"$2"0"0$"#.(##"%(2$.,L0/.($%D(/'&(R
YG$)"#$`+0"#$,&,()#$%D(B&"#2#$>(?#+#$C/$C($-+)2"#$)+.()/2(2#$B&"$0+$2"0"0$(/'&($.+,,"02$($)"#$.(#"#A$O(E"&$ .+-$ #DC+$ F(0$ >",$ +E2"0/,$ )($ B&"$0"."##/2"0R
YT+-"02"-$(B&"#2"#$/-(2'"#$f+$%D()2,"#g1
-
GTZX*XZGZO90))(b+#$ /02","##(02#$+0$ 2,+E(,"&$ /0F+,-(./5$#+E,"$)@(/'&(1
!@(/'&($()$#A::X
!@(/'&(4$&0$EI$"#.U#
9)$J+.$%"$)@(/'&(
[AhA$ i,(#"#$ F"2"#$ +0$ (>(,"/=$ )D(/'&(A$ 9#.,/3/&$ 2+2"#$)"#$B&"$.+0"'&"&1
9#2(,$(-E$)D(/'&($()$.+))A
8D(/'&($>(##(%(4$-+)M$0+$"0$-+&A
\+/,($"0$)($>"0+,2(,Y0"$&0($($.(%($-UR$a",$B&PR
Y$X$>+,2(,$&0($'())"%($#+E,"$")$.(>R$_#$FU./)$+$0+R
[AlA$\B&"&$")$#/'0/F/.(2$%"$)"#$>(,(&)"#1$
,/& ,/",+)2+,,"02 "#B&",%("#B&",%(%(
-
GTZX*XZGZO89Oa]_O$89$!G$!9TZ;]G
[AmA$G.2/3/2(2#$%"$.+->,"0#/5
Y$92$#"-E)($B&"$)($%+0($#(E/($B&"$&0($%"$)"#$'())"%"#$"#2(3($"#B&",%(%(R$a",$B&P$)($#"'&/($&2/)/2`(02R
Y$ i"#$ &0$ %/E&/=$ %")$ .+02"$ /$ "#.,/&$ ")$ %/U)"'$ "02,"$ )($%+0($/$)($'())"%(A
[AnA$O+>($%"$))"2,"#
o"0",(%+,$%"$#+>"#$%"$))"2,"#
-
GTZX*XZGZO[AdA$]"2())"&$/$"0%,"."&$")#$%/E&/=+#$#"'&/02$)@+,%,"$%")$.+02"A
-
GTZX*XZGZO[ApA$9=>)/B&"&$(-E$)"#$3+#2,"#$>(,(&)"#$)($C/#2L,/(A
-
GTZX*XZGZO
cA$G!Z]9O$GTZX*XZGZO$a9]$a97OG]$X$97]Gq7G]cA[A$O"02/-"02#1
Y$ T+-$ "#$ %"3/($ #"02/,$ )($ '())"%($ "#B&",%(%($ ()$.+#2(2$%"$)D()2,(R
Y$ ZDC(#$ #"02/2$ -(/$ .+-$ )($ '())"%($ "#B&",%(%(R$9=>)/.($"0$B&/0($#/2&(./5A
Y$O/$ )($'())"%($"#2U$"#B&",%(%(4$#"'&,$B&"$ 2I$&0($C/#2L,/(4$&0($(3"02&,($>",$"=>)/.(,A
Y$ Z+2#$ ")#$ #&.."#+#$ %"$ )"#$ 0+#2,"#$ 3/%"#$ #50$/->+,2(02#$ >",$ ($ 0+#()2,"#A$ Z(0$ /->+,2(02#$ B&"$"0#$F(0$%D&0($-(0",($+$%D&0($()2,(4$>",$%/0#$/$>",$F+,(A
YX-('/0"&$ /$ "0,(+0"&$ ($ .)(##"4$ B&P$ )/$ C(3/($>(##(2$($)($'())"'($"#B&",%(%(A$Ya"0#"&$ "0$ &0($ F",/%($ +$ ()'&0$ 2,"2$ FM#/.$ 3+#2,"A$8"#>,I#$ /02"02"&$ ,".+,%(,$+$%"-(0"&$($()'H$%"$)($F(-M)/($B&"$$(J&%/$($,".+,%(,$B&P$3($>(##(,A$i/0()-"024$"=>)/B&"&$r)D(3"02&,(W$()#$.+->(0(0)/.(,/"#$)D(.2/2&%$%"$)($%+0(R
Y$^&P$"0#$3+)$%/,$(B&"#2$.+02"R
Y$ ZD/-('/0"#$ &0$ ()2,"$ F/0()R$ ;0($ ()2,($ ,(5$ >",$ )($B&()$)($%+0($0+$.(03/I#$)($'())"%($"#B&",%(%($>",$&0($()2,(R
-
GTZX*XZGZO
cA$G!Z]9O$GTZX*XZGZO$a9]$a97OG]$X$97]Gq7G]cAcA$Z,"E())"-$")$>"0#(-"02$.+0#"Bj"0./()A
S+.A$r^&P$>(##(,/($#/sW
ODC(0$ %"$ >,">(,(,$ )"#$ 2(,'"2"#$ %"$ )"#$ >,"'&02"#$ /$ )"#$2(,'"2"#$ %"$ )"#$ ,"#>+#2"#$ >",$ F",$ &0$ %L-/0+A$ a+%"&$/03"02(,$ -I#$ >,"'&02"#$ /$ ,"#>+#2"#$ /$ F",$ &0$ %/E&/=$ /$>/02(,Y)+$>",$($.(%($2(,'"2(A
i+2+.+>/"&$ /$ >)(#2/F/B&"&$ ")$ %L-/0+A$ a+%"&$ J&'(,$ "0$>"2/2$',&>$($"0%"3/0(,$)"#$,"#>+#2"#A
a]9o;7Z9O
!!!"#$%&'(#&')((#$#&*!!!+#,-.'/)$0'%#(&'(01023&'
%#'(4#&/3(0*
!!!.#,5#.'6$)-+07'1#$%)$0'-'
((#+*!!!(40-5)0'%#('.0$'63&'%3(80*
!!!,-,59'#,&'$#,+0'(0'$320*!!!/3."$#.'),0':35)-,0'
,310'-'#&+;'+$#,/0%0*
!!!((#5-.'/0%0'%-0*!!!05063'#('23(
-
GTZX*XZGZO
cA$G!Z]9O$GTZX*XZGZO$a9]$a97OG]$X$97]Gq7G]]9OaqOZ9O
>3'1#)$#'2? >3'#,&'60$;'6;&+-/'#,+$0$
@-)$#.'%4),0'.0,#$0'.?&'
&0()%02(#A&'"3%$-0'2#)$#'-'$#50$
B,-$#.'2$)+& C#/(0.0$#.'0'(0'23+-50
B"$#,%$#.'.3(+#&'/3&D4#,60%0$;'-'"3+$'#.'
/0&+-50$;
>3'&02$0,'E)F'60&'0'
(4#&/3(0A&+0$;'.3(+'/3,+#,+
-
GTZX*XZGZO
cA$G!Z]9O$GTZX*XZGZO$a9]$a97OG]$X$97]Gq7G]cAhA$](+0"-$()$3+)2(02$%"$%+#$.+0.">2"#1$rO"02/,Y#"$+,'&))5#W$$/$$rO"02/,Y#"$(3",'+0(,"))"#4$ )($ 3+#2,($ >,L>/($ %"F/0/./5$ /$%"#>,I#$))"'/&Y)"#$"0$3"&$()2(A$a+#"&$$"="->)"#$>",$F",YC+$-I#$"02"0"%+,A
Y$O"02/,Y#"$+,'&))5#$0+-I#$C+$>+2$(.+0#"'&/,$()'H$+$I#$($)D(E(#2$%"$B&()#"3+)$>",#+0(R
Y$_#$>+##/E)"$#"02/,Y#"D0$"0$")$-(2"/=$-+-"02R$X$>",$ )($-(2"/=($.+#(R
Y$ ^&/0($ %/F",P0./($ C/$ C($ "02,"$ #"02/,Y#"$ +,'&))5#$/0%/3/%&()$+$.+)t)".2/3(-"02RA
Y$8"$ )"#$ /-(2'"#$ #"'j"02#4$ B&/$ .,"$B&"$#"$ #"02$-I#$+,'&))5#R
$$$9)$'&(0,+3($")$.(,0"2$%"$.+0%&/,R
-
GTZX*XZGZO
cA$G!Z]9O$GTZX*XZGZO$a9]$a97OG]$X$97]Gq7G]Y$^&P$C/$C($%(,,",($%"$.(%($2,/+-FR
Y$ 90#$ >+%"-$ #"02/,$ +,'&))+#+#$ %"$ >"2/2"#$ .+#"#$B&+2/%/(0"#R
Y$ O"02/,Y#"$ +,'&))5#$ I#$ ")$-(2"/=$ B&"$ 2"0/,$ #+E",E/(4$ +$#",$(,,+'(02R$^&/0"#$%/F",P0./"#$C/$C(R
Y$O"02/,Y#"$(3",'+0
-
GTZX*XZGZO
cA$G!Z]9O$GTZX*XZGZO$a9]$a97OG]$X$97]Gq7G]cAkA$!D"B&/)/E,/A
_#$ /->+,2(02$ 2"0/,$ "B&/)/E,/A$ 8"$ F"24$ 2+2$ /$ B&"$ 0+$ "0#$0D(%+0"-4$ B&(0$ .(-/0"-$ C+$ F"-$ (-E$ "B&/)/E,/4$.+)t)+.(02$ &0$ >"&$ %(,,",($ )D()2,"A$ *+)"&$ J&'(,$ ($ F",$"B&/)/E,/#R
GE(0#$%"$.+-"0b(,$)"#$(.2/3/2(2#$.()$"#2(,$.+0."02,(%($+$ .+0."02,(2A$ 90#$ .+)t)+B&"-$ %,"2#v%,"2"#4$ (-E$ ")#$>"$ >(,()t)")#4$ 0+2(02$ B&"$ "#2(0$ E"0$ >+#(2#$ #+E,"$ ")$2",,(A$ X0#>/,"-$ >,+F&0%(-"024$ 0+2(02$ .+-$ )D(/,"$ "0$"02,(,$/0F)($))"&'",(-"02$)D(E%+-"0A$7+2"-$)D(E%+-"0$/$-/,"-$ %"$ 2,+E(,YC/$ ")$ 0+#2,"$ >&02$ %D"B&/)/E,/A$O"'&/%(-"024$F/="-$)($3/#2($($&0$+$%+#$-"2,"#$-I#$"0))U$"0$")$2",,(A
G,($J($"#2"-$.+0."02,(2#$/$.+0."02,(%"#$/$>+%"-$/0/./(,$")#$"B&/)/E,/#1
Y$!G$Tq]8G$i!;X:G1$i"-$3"&,"$B&"$.(-/0"-$#+E,"$&0$.+,%($ F)&/=(4$ &0$ >"&$ %(,,",($ )D()2,"4$ 2,">/2J(02$ &0($-(2"/=($)M0/(A$a+2$#",$)($)M0/($%"$)"#$,(J+)"#$%")$2",,(A$$$$
Y$ 9!$ i;7Gw\;!XOZG1$O/$ 2"0/-$ &0$ E(0.$())(,'(24$>+%"-$>,+3(,$%"$ .(-/0(,$ #+E,"$(B&"#2$ E(0.A$ GE(0#$>+%"-$ .+)t)+.(,$ ")#$-(2()(##+#$%D"%&.(./5$FM#/.($ ()$ .+#2(24$ >",$ #/$()'H$.(&A
-
GTZX*XZGZO
cA$G!Z]9O$GTZX*XZGZO$a9]$a97OG]$X$97]Gq7G]
Y$ !@G]\]91$ 90#$ .+)t)+.(,"-$%,"2"#v%,"2#4$ /$ 2+,0(,"-$($)($>+#/./5$%"$.+0."02,(./5A$ ]".+)`(,"-$ ")$ >"#$ %")$.+#$#+E,"$&0$>"&4$")$%,"2$>",$"="->)"A$GB&"#2$ >"&$ ('&(02(,U$ ")$ >"#$ %"$ 2+2$ ")$0+#2,"$ .+#A$ O",U$ .+-$ )"#$ (,,")#$ %"$)D(,E,"$B&"$#D"0%/0#"0$($)($2",,($/$")$F(0$#",$ "#2(E)"4$ F+,2$ /$ #"'&,A$ Z+2$ #"'&/24$)D()2,"$ >"&4$ )D"#B&",,"4$ ")$ .+)t)+B&"-$#+E,"$")$'"0+))$%,"24$2(02$(-&02$.+-$$#/'&/$ >+##/E)"$ /$ (-E$ ")#$ -()&.#$ E"0$+E",2#A$ O/$ 2"0/&$ "#2(E/)/2(24$ >+%"&$(/=".(,$")$E,(b+#$"0$.,"&$/$%"#>,I#$E"0$(-&024$ .+-$ )"#$ E,(0B&"#$ %D&0$ (,E,"$B&"$.,"/="0$.(>$()$.")A
Y$ !9O$ \G!G7T9O1$ ;0$ ()2,"$ J+.$%D"B&/)/E,/$ B&"$ >+%"&-$ F",$ ($ )D(&)(4$.+0#/#2"/=$ "0$ .+0#2,&/,$ &0"#$'())"%"#YE()(0b(4$ .+-$ )"#$ %"$ )($>,+2('+0/#2($%")$.+02"A$a+%"-$('(F(,$&0$ >()$ f%D"#.+E,($ >",$ "="->)"g4$ %+#$.+,%/))#$ fB&"$ C(&,/"0$ %"$ #",$ %"$ )($-(2"/=($ ))(,'(%(g4$ /$ %&"#$ '())"%"#A$Q(&,"-$ %"$ ))/'(,$ )"#$ '())"%"#$ ()#$"=2,"-#$%")$>()A$a+%"-$(0(,$()$>(2/4$/$+->)/,$ )"#$ '())"%"#$ (-E$ #+,,(A$ X$>+%"-$>,+3(,$#/$#(E"-$2,(0#>+,2(,$)($#+,,($(-E$(B&"#2$"#2,/A
-
GTZX*XZGZO
cA$G!Z]9O$GTZX*XZGZO$a9]$a97OG]$X$97]Gq7G]
Y$aGZX7GZo91$a+%"-$F",$&0($#"##/5$%"$>(2/0(2'"$>",$>,+3(,$ .+-$ I#$ )D"B&/)/E,/$ (F"'/02$ >(2/0#$ ()#$ 0+#2,"#$>"A$O"->,"$>+%"-$.+-"0b(,$(J&%(2#$>",$&0#$>()#$%D"=.&,#/+0/#2(A
Y$G!Z]9O$9^;X!X\]XO1$^&/0"#$()2,"#$-(0","#$#"$2D(.&%"/="0$>",$>,(.2/.(,$)D"B&/)/E,/R
G/=L$7qqqqqVV$
Diapositiva 1Diapositiva 2Diapositiva 3Diapositiva 4Diapositiva 5Diapositiva 6Diapositiva 7Diapositiva 8Diapositiva 9Diapositiva 10Diapositiva 11Diapositiva 12Diapositiva 13Diapositiva 14Diapositiva 15Diapositiva 16Diapositiva 17Diapositiva 18Diapositiva 19Diapositiva 20