Lecciones de Anatomía: Pies. Silvia G. Guzmán

pies -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐

Silvia G.Guzmán!

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Huesos pierna

Silvia G.Guzmán!

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Huesos pie: astrágalo

Silvia G.Guzmán!

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Huesos pierna

Radiografía lateral de un tobillo normal: 1.Peroné 2.Tibia 3.Astrágalo 4.Calcáneo 5.Escafoides 6.Metatarsianos

Silvia G.Guzmán!

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Huesos pie

Silvia G.Guzmán!

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Huesos pie

Tarso: calcáneo, astrágalo, navicular o escafoides y tres cuñas. Metatarso: cinco metatarsianos. Falanges: proximal, medial y distal, o falange, falangina y falangeta (excepto el pulgar que no tiene la falange medial).

Silvia G.Guzmán!

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Huesos pie

Silvia G.Guzmán!

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Let’s look briefly at the structure of the foot: The tarsals or ankle bones in blue, the metatarse or instep bones in purple, and the phalanges or toes in pink.

Very little of the foot can move, so we can simplify it:

Although the first joint of the toes is here, flesh covers the foot up to this line, which is why they appear so short, especially added to the fact they do not rest straight, as we will see.

The bones of the foot are arranged to form 3 arches that give it the strength to support our bodies. The

Huesos pie

Silvia G.Guzmán!

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Huesos pie

Silvia G.Guzmán!

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Huesos

Silvia G.Guzmán!

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Arcos del pie

Silvia G.Guzmán!

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Esquemas del pie

Silvia G.Guzmán!

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Esquemas del pie

21

you can also draw the foot as a wedge, and then add the toes and carve out the final form.

Silvia G.Guzmán!

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Esquemas del pie

The next step is to make a small adjustment to the shape, making it asym-metrical to get closer to the foot’s natural shape. If you’re comfortable doing so, you can start directly with this step.

A simple way to draw feet is to begin by draw-ing the sole of the foot. No toes, no arches, just the basic shape. It’s shaped like a long egg, flattened on one side.

Now to give it dimension. As you can see, it’s a rounded and pretty flattened pyramid, whose apex is near the heel: the circle, representing the ankle, where the leg joins with the foot. The contour lines (dashed) are to help you see the contour. Only the black outline is needed for the drawing.

Finally, add the toes. If needed, sketch a guideline to define their general shape (see shapes further down) before drawing them indi-vidually. They are pressed together so from almost all angles, they overlap.Finalize by carving out the arches and adding the ankle bone and Achilles’ tendon.

The little toe is positioned between 1/4 and 1/3 of

the total foot length.

The height reserved here is for the toes.

Adding the toes sepa-rately means you can make them bent or

curled independently from the base sketch.

Here curled.As an alternative to the above, you can also draw the foot as a

The advantage of this is that this flat shape is simple enough to be drawn in perspective and under dif-ferent angles. Anatomical accuracy is not a requirement at this point, we’re giving ourselves a guideline to build on.

Still have trouble? Draw it on a sheet of paper and place that as needed for a quick live reference.

Silvia G.Guzmán!

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Additional details

Several details from the hand apply to the foot as well:

The toes look lon-ger on top of the foot than they do

underneath it.

The toenails start halfway up the

top joint. As toe joints are so short, toenails are wider than they are long.

Note also how much larger

the big toe is, twice the size of the second toe, so that its

first joint is within the foot and can barely

move.

At least 2 toes show behind big toe, depending

on p.o.v.

There’s always a bump here that’s

more or less pronounced.

This line travels up as the foot

turns out.

Again, line traveling as foot

turns in. Only a ground-level view hides the small

toes completely.A baby’s foot

is so pad-ded it looks

bloated, without pad-

ding lines.

Big toe joint starts pro-

truding

From front and below, the ball of each toe shows clearly.

The big toe looks oval

rather than round.

What looks like a “6th toe” is the padding

outside the foot.

Toes lifted: the padding of the

forefoot appears.

Lift a bit more, and the inner line of the pad-ding appears, cutting

the foot in two by run-ning towards the ankle.

Big toe and second toe

usually separated by a

space.

Padding line is horizontal from

this angle

Using our meth-od above to build the shape before

adding toes makes even this complex angle

easy to work with.

Here is the foot seen frontally when it’s perfectly level, such as from ground level.From this angle the toes look like peas in a pod – simply draw them as balls before con-necting them to the forefoot.

Usually however, our frontal view of feet (that

are on the ground) is from a higher point of view.

These tendon lines may or may not show, depending. Tension makes them pop

out, and they can be permanently visible in

male or elderly feet. You have to judge for

yourself whether they serve your purpose or not.Out In

higher ankle

bigger arch

round toes

Padding line

Silvia G.Guzmán!

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Attaching the foot to the leg:

This foot is relaxed. Even though the toes bend a little, there is no

real weight on them.

Here, most of the weight is on the toes. The pressure makes this joint stick out.

See what’s happening below:

Such a position is only possible when pressing against a surface.

Bend marks appear in these

hollows.

As for the big toe, it goes even flatter.

Note the small toes re-main curved down, they

can’t curve up.

Splaying the toes makes them point in different directions.

Except for the big toe, which is stuck

at around 90º.

The first joint can completely hide under the foot.

Roughly speaking, the front side of

the leg falls verti-cally into the foot.

The back side slopes in, but the

heel protrudes out again.

Seen frontally, the inner side

is vertical while the outer side

slopes in.

On both sides the line juts out with the 2 ankle bones. The inside bone

is higher than the outside one.

Outside ankle tucked behind

this line.

Transition plane between leg and foot. Look for it in

all the diagrams above.

Note that the inward slope of the back/outer sides is connected to the calf muscle. The less muscular the calf, the straighter this line. Inversely, excess fat will cause the lines to bulge in a sausage effect.

The thinnest part of the leg, both from the side and

from the front, is a little above the ankle bone.

The Achilles tendon runs up from the heel into the leg.

The relaxed foot forms an angle

with the leg.

A continuous line runs down the leg to the toes when the foot is fully

extended.

Some people can point the foot until

it bends further than the line, but

this isn’t common.

When not pressed against a surface, the range of mobility of the toes is limited to the following 2 extremes (with, literally, wiggling room in-between.)

Curled Splayed

skin folds!

Tendons appear

ground

Space appears.

Silvia G.Guzmán!

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Men’s vs. Women’s feet

Women’s feet are not a smaller ver-sion of men’s, but have a slightly dif-ferent structure.

Big toe is shallower (more dis-

creet)

This inside line is more

curved.

Foot is smaller for a given body

height.

Higher arch

This outside length is shorter.

Man Woman

Silvia G.Guzmán!

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Arch types(Show most in the foot’s imprint)

NormalBoth arches

visible

Flat/low arch/pronatorNo arches, all of

the sole touches the ground.

High arch/supinatorOnly a narrow band

connects the heel and the ball of the foot

Silvia G.Guzmán!

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Foot shapes(Created by toe arrangement)

EgyptianBig toe is longest

GreekSecond toe is longest

SquareToes have even lengths

Wide: Less contrast between the widest part of the foor and its tip.

Narrow or tapering: More contrast be-tween the wid-est part of the foot and its tip (due to the last 2 toes receding too much).

Silvia G.Guzmán!

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Esquemas del pie

Silvia G.Guzmán!

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Esquemas del pie

Lecciones de Anatomía: Pies. Silvia G. Guzmán

Education

Transcript of Lecciones de Anatomía: Pies. Silvia G. Guzmán